Guided Reading – Cell Respiration and Metabolism II
Guided Reading - Cell Respiration and Metabolism II 1. Which of the following is a superoxide radical? A. an oxygen molecule with an extra, unpaired electron B. an oxygen molecule with two paired electrons C. hydrogen peroxide D. All of these choices are correct. 2. Lactic acid is the result of LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase) mediated __________ of pyruvic acid with electrons taken from NADH + H+. A. oxidation B. reduction C. phosphorylation D. hydrolysis 3. Individuals in a positive nitrogen balance are metabolizing body tissues for energy. True False 4. Which of the following is NOT a main substrate for gluconeogenesis? A. lactic acid B. glycerol C. pyruvic acid D. alanine 5. ______________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecules from small molecules. A. Combustion B. Catabolic C. Anabolic D. Decomposition 6. Phosphorylation of glucose "traps" the glucose within a cell. True False 7. Glycolysis results in a net gain of two ATP formed by direct _____________ of ADP molecules using phosphates taken from glycolytic intermediates. A. phosphorylation B. hydrolysis C. reduction D. oxidation 8. Fatty acid metabolism A. occurs via glycolysis. B. occurs via oxidative deamination. C. occurs via the Cori cycle. D. occurs via beta-oxidation. 9. The ATP generated in the Krebs cycle A. is produced directly from the 5th reaction. B. is produced from the reduction of NAD. C. comes from GTP. D. comes from oxidative phosphorylation. 10. In newborns, _________ occurs in brown fat. A. lipogenesis B. thermogenesis C. gluconeogenesis D. biogenesis 11. One glucose would generate ______________ NADH molecules via the Krebs cycle. A. two B. three C. six D. eight 12. Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport chain system. True False 13. Through deamination and sometimes transamination reactions, amino acids may enter the aerobic respiration metabolic pathway at the level of A. pyruvic acid. B. acetyl CoA. C. Krebs cycle. D. All of these choices are correct. 14. What structures allow H+ to diffuse back across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix? A. cytochromes B. coenzyme Q C. respiratory assemblies D. NADH 15. How many ATP would be formed from an 18 carbon fatty acid? A. 32 B. 60 C. 90 D. 122 16. In the complete process of aerobic respiration, the major source of reduced NAD and FAD is glycolysis. True False 17. The presence of elevated ATP in the cell stimulates synthesis of A. proteins and glycogen. B. triglycerides and proteins. C. triglycerides and glycogen. D. proteins and cholesterol. 18. ATP formation in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is called A. substrate level phosphorylation. B. oxidative phosphorylation. C. direct phosphorylation. D. Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct. 19. Sweet smelling breath may be the result of elevated ______________ in the blood. A. glucose B. fructose C. acetone D. cholesterol 20. Which of the following is NOT a molecule of the electron transport system? A. coenzyme Q B. coenzyme A C. flavin mononucleotide (FMN) D. cytochrome b 21. Fatty acids are NOT an energy source for A. the brain. B. resting skeletal muscle. C. the liver. D. the heart. 22. The actual yield of ATP from 1 glucose is A. 18-20 ATP. B. 36-38 ATP. C. 30-32 ATP. D. 26-28 ATP. 23. The TCA cycle occurs in mitochondria. True False 24. ATP formation in the electron transport system is called A. substrate level phosphorylation. B. oxidative phosphorylation. C. direct phosphorylation. D. Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation are correct. 25. Oxidative deamination is required for A. carbohydrate synthesis. B. carbohydrate breakdown. C. protein synthesis. D. protein breakdown.