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Japanese anime

Japanese anime

 

 

Japanese anime

You may select one more more prompts from below. You may discuss other issues related to the lesson materials.
Which school anime/manga do you recommend?  Are there any questions about school in Japan that you have been wanting to know the answers to?  Please describe what it is, and if possible, note the title and the
creator of manga/anime, Season/Episode or Volume/Page information.  If you can upload the images, it would be even better. If another student can answer the questions
posted, please feel free to answer.Do you know any good school manga/anime?  If you do, please share (without spoilers).What is your thought about Japanese schools after reading the textbook?What is your favorite anime school?  If it is difficult to pick just one school, construct a fictional dream school with your favorite anime/manga characters and
setting, and explain why.Which school features that you see in anime would you wish you had at your own school? Why? School and Education “Japanese School Life” Is it really like that?Let’s stop and think for a moment what most non-Japanese think of Japanese schools.  Maybe some of these words come to:
? Work, work, work? Serious? Strict? Examination hell? Competitive
When you think about it, though, something doesn’t make sense:
“What about all the fun stuff I see in anime?!”
All the manga and anime you enjoy are created for the domestic market and the domestic market only. It’s only recently that the industry has even begun to consider
foreign markets, and even then, the content is directed toward the Japanese.  They create manga and games to entertain Japanese readers and players, especially
children. How come there are so many of them, and great ones at that? Who are consuming that much entertainment created for Japanese children, if they are constantly
working and have no time for manga, anime or video games?
The existence and proliferation of manga and digital games alone should tell you that the stereotype may not be quite accurate. Many Japanese children have enough time
to enjoy plenty of games, manga, and time with friends. School is much more than just examinations and work.
Of course, you’ll be hard pressed to find giant robots crashing through the ceiling or unassuming girls tossing desks around. Obviously, manga contains hyperbole in
actions and characters, but the backgrounds and premises of the stories are often fairly realistic.
In this chapter, we will explore several commonly seen topics: the education system, school events, entrance exams, cram schools, clubs, seniority customs, lunch,
graduation trips, teacher’s roles, student chores, homeroom, and of course, uniforms!Hopefully by the end, you can apply your newfound knowledge the next time you watch anime or read manga and understand why such portrayals are significant. Some of
these facts may be surprising, even for the Japanese, as many Japanese believe in some of the myths themselves.
To get you started, try checking out some of these series, which explore various aspects of Japanese school life.? Azumanga Daioh (Kiyohiko Azuma, Dengeki Daioh, MediaWorks/Shogakukan, Feb 1999 – June 2002)? Great Teacher Onizuka (Tooru Fujisawa, Weekly Shonen Magazine, Kodansha, May 1997 – April 2002)? Hidamari Sketch (Ume Aoki, Manga Time Kirara Carat, Houbunsha, April 2004 – ongoing)? Kyou no Go no Ni  (Koharu Sakuraba, Young Magazine, Kodansha, 2002 – 2003)? K-On! (Kakifry, Manga Time Kirara, Houbunsha, May 2007 – August 2012)? Kare Kano (Masami Tsuda, Lala, Hakusensha, February 1996 – April 2005)

TV Tropes’ site has the following articles related to stereotypes in anime and manga. We will examine how much of these may reflect real life in Japan.? School Festivals ? Cram School.? High School Girls? Sailor Suits? Transfer Students
Basic FactsView Explore Japan: Schools for basic facts that all Japanese children know. A School year (as well as fiscal year) in Japan is from April to March.
K-12 and higher education in Japan will be explained separately below.
K-12Japan requires nine years of compulsory education: six in elementary school and three in middle school. Kindergarten is optional, but most go to Kindergarten for 3
years. Some opt to go to daycare instead.
High SchoolAfter 9th grade, most students (98%) continue their education with three years of high school. High school (Grades 10-12) is not compulsory. However, since 2010, high school education became virtually tuition free in public schools and some private schools. Many
private schools receive government subsidies to lower their tuition considerably.
An entrance exam is required for ALL high schools, including local public high schools. Private and national institutions require entrance exams at lower school
levels, even at entry to Kindergarten.  Note that in recent years, some public schools have started experimenting with different formats, for example comprehensive
secondary schools for grades 7-12. Those schools may not have entrance examinations for starting high school level grades. Some may have selective admission or lottery
at the entry grade, however.
The entrance exam for high school results is a form of tracking system in which students with similar academic status and career goal orientations are grouped together
into one class.  In addition to being grouped by the academic level as the entire school, students in the same school are typically separated into college or
occupational tracks and humanities or science tracks.  This is how the students in the same homeroom can be on the same schedule for the most of the week. You can see
how grouping like-minded and abled students together can build cohesion and a sense of community amongst them.
Class SizeThe current class size is 40 for grades 2-12. Until 1980, classes were filled with 45 students.  Since 2011, first grade class sizes were reduced to 35.
TextbooksTextbooks for compulsory education (Grades 1 through 9) are free.  The government supplies free textbooks to all its citizens and lawful residents. The textbooks are
thin and with soft covers.  Students don’t need to return the books after use, so they are free to highlight or write in the books.  The textbooks are theirs for good.
The national government implemented grants (not loans) to help lower income families at high school levels. Students are expected to purchase textbooks at the rather
affordable average price of $8 per copy.  The student grants range from $220-$430/mo., and the maximum eligible family income levels range from 40K-100K, depending on
family circumstances.
Class as a CommunityStudents in the same homeroom generally take the same classes and have the same schedule, even at the high school level.  A big difference with the American school
system may be that the Japanese homeroom operates as a tight knit community Since the school is regarded as an integral community, students are expected to work in roles that U.S. schools typically employ staff or ask parents to fill in for.
Most jobs are shared by all students either on a rotating basis or with the whole school working at the same time.  There are a lot of community building activities
and events based on the homeroom class. You might have seen things like culture festivals, community service (e.g. trash pickup), and athletic activities done by
homerooms in the series you’ve encountered. These will be discussed in more detail shortly.
Role of Teachers
In middle school and high school, teachers move from one room to the next to teach their subjects, while students stay in the same room. This might surprise those who
are more familiar with the system where students go to different classrooms and teachers stay in their own classroom. Of course, there are exceptions when the subject
requires a special set-up. For example, students typically move for PE, music, arts, science labs, shop, and home-economics classes.  This means that the typical 10-
minute break between classes is a “real break”, reserved for unstructured socialization amongst the students, rather than one which functions to allow students to
travel to the next class.
Each homeroom class is assigned a homeroom teacher, or tan-nin. Tan-nin is a quasi-parental figure for the students in the same homeroom. They are the multi-tasking
go-to adults for everything except medical attention.  A tan-nin teacher’s occupational responsibilities include teaching, advising students, counseling students in
both career and personal issues, social work with family home visits, and often coaching school clubs. It is unusual to have parents or outside coaches at a school
club except for select clubs competing at the national level.
For many decades, teaching was called a “sacred occupation, a term originally used for priests and clergymen.  They are considered selfless role models and surrogate
parental figures and are highly regarded in Japanese society.
If you’ve read/watched Great Teacher Onizuka, Onizuka’s actions are definitely a case of hyperbole and dramatization, especially in the forms and the specifics.
However, it is in a way realistic in its issues and emotional content. While Onizuka’s characterization is quite fantastic, the role he fills is authentic as a teacher
and all of the various duties that implies. Note how he does much more than just “teach” academics. He’s a guiding and caring role model not unlike a parent, albeit
perhaps a slightly twisted one. You can see how teachers act as the academic counselor in Azumanga Daioh Episode 25, Cosmonaut (the second segment of 5 Centimeter Per
Second), and especially Season 2 of K-On.
The close ties Japanese students develop with their teachers and the high social status of teachers are reflected in the popularity of the occupation.
Popular Careers (HS juniors) 2009 Benesse Corp Male Female1 Teacher Daycare/K teacher2 Government Employee Teacher3 Researcher/Professor Nurse4 Doctor Pharmacist5 Programmer / Systems Engineer Physical Therapist, Lab Technician6 Police Officer Government Employee7 Pharmacist Doctor8 Entertainer (Actor, VA, Comedian) Entertainer (Actor, VA, Comedian)9 Physical Therapist, Lab Technician Nutritionist10 Engineer Counselor /Psychotherapist11 Lawyer, Judge, Prosecutor
School Lunch and Lunch DutyTypically, all elementary schools and some junior high schools have lunch programs for all students to eat the same lunch. School lunch in Japan is not just a
nutritional program, but is regarded as an educational activity. A small group of students are assigned to be on lunch duty, and sent from each class to bring hot
lunches to the classroom and serve their classmates.
CleaningCleaning is also done by students. Every day, students clean the classrooms and facilities they use, including shared rooms such as science labs.  Some schools may
have a janitorial staff clean the bathrooms, but sometimes students are responsible for this as well.  Large-scale cleaning is a regularly scheduled school event.
Going to SchoolShudan Toko is the practice of going to school in small neighborhood groups. It is often organized for elementary school children.  Older children lead the group
safely to school, often without adults. This teaches students to depend on each other and reflects the system of seniority that is observed in Japanese school life. In
areas with no shoran toko, it is not unusual for young elementary school children to walk or take public transportation alone to and from school. Average commuting
time per day for students are 40 minutes for elementary students, 44-50 minutes for middle school students, and 1 hour 24-26 minutes for high school students.

 

Nicchoku (Day Duty)Nicchoku duties are odd jobs in the homeroom that all students do on a daily rotation.  Duties vary according to the homeroom teacher.  Typical jobs include erasing
the blackboard, keeping chalk neat at the board, bringing handouts to class, locking and unlocking the room and turning lights on/off. Usually there are nicchoku logs
to keep, which may include comments from subject teachers. They may write down homework and events on the board, chair daily meetings, and voice commands for class
greeting at the beginning and the end of class. Other duties may include watering plants, feeding animals and light cleanup. You can see how nicchoku works in Azumanga
Daioh, The Girl Who Leapt Through Time, and Minami-key.

Iin (Homeroom Officers)Other Student Roles include Iin (homeroom Officers) ranging from Homeroom President, Co-president, Secretary as well as staff for various branches such as Compliance,
PE, Beautification, Library, Health and Culture (Travel, Field Trips). Senior classes will also have graduation album officers, much like Year Book committees in
American high schools. You’ve no doubt seen homeroom presidents in anime and manga. They are often portrayed as sharp, no-nonsense girls with glasses who are dedicated
to maintaining classroom order.
ClubsClub Leadership is highly hierarchical for the most part.  The distinction between Senpai (upperclassmen) and Kohai (lowerclassmen) are typically strictly observed.
Senpai have authority over kohai and kohai are expected to follow all orders by senpai, even if they are older by less than one year in biological age.  We see this in
K-On!, where in the original Japanese track Azusa consistently talks to her senpai in polite speech and attaches “-senpai” to each of the girls’ names while the senpai
talk to Azusa in more casual forms.
High School Curriculum and Extracurricular ActivitiesResults of surveys by the education industry giant, Benesse Corporation, run contrary to many popular notions of the Japanese school life.
For one, on average, Japanese children watch more TV than Americans do!  Across the age, Japanese children spend about one hour a day on TV (Japanese     134.7 min
vs.        American 128.8 min). The most popular subject among Japanese is PE, followed by music, not academic subjects.
Actually, more Japanese 5th graders say they never study outside school than American 5th graders in DC did.   About 40% of Japanese high school students study “very
little” or about 30 minutes a day. While over 90% of American children in DC perceived their parents expected them to go to good college, only less than 30% of
Japanese children did so. Similar percentages of high school students believed that graduating from a good college was the path to happiness. The data shows that a
fraction of Japanese students do study more than students in DC do. So much for the myth of Japanese children crammed to death with study and having no time to play!
Only a portion of Japanese students appear to follow the mythical stereotype of devoted academic study, and the rest seem more relaxed for most of their school life. Study Hours Outside School (5th grade:  including time at cram schools)Close to zero:         8.5% (Tokyo) vs. 6.8% (DC)About 30 minutes:     21.2% (Tokyo) vs. 37.9% (DC)1 hour:             19.6% (Tokyo) vs. 29.4% (DC)1.5 hours:         10.6% (Tokyo) vs. 9.1% (DC)2 hours:            8.9% (Tokyo) vs. 7.0% (DC)
Study Outside School (High School)? “Very Little” +”About 30 Min.” =39.5%? Average study outside school? Top tier schools: 105.1 min? #2 tier schools: 60.3 min.? #3 tier schools: 62.0 min.? Bottom tier schools: 43.2 min.? Juku/Cram school   25.3%? College Prep: Half? Supplementary: 40%? 2/wk. (38.8%). (Total 80% 3 days or less)
Going to CollegeMany students go to higher education with two to four+ years of University/Graduate School. January to March is college entrance exam season, starting with the College
Center Test. Many publicly funded universities and some private institutions require the College Center Test, often in addition to their own tests. The College Center
Test is somewhat similar to the SAT except that there is essentially only one chance for any student to take it per year. Most colleges admit students by the
quantified entrance examination results only: your performance on the one specific test day is all that matters.  The American-style portfolio-based admission process
is now practiced by a select few institutions, typically for a small percentage of their students, to benefit from diversity among their students.
Some students may spend a year or more after high school graduation, studying to get into their desired college (or any college at all). These strugglers are often
referred to as ronin, or a samurai without a master. They don’t belong to any formal school, except maybe private yobiko, or “college preparatory school” for ronins,
which is NOT a part of the formal school system in Japan. You can catch them in series like Love Hina, Chobits, and Maison Ikkoku.  Testing season is indeed a high-
pressure time for students and their families, but many students can relax once they are admitted to college.

 

School UniformsSchool uniforms, or seifuku, are generally required for middle school and high school. There are practical as well as cultural and historical reasons for the adoption
of the uniform. They are cost-effective, and promote unity, security, and are easy to regulate. The sailor uniforms you are likely familiar with come with the
westernization of the Meiji period.
No school series of anime is without its distinctive uniform. Girl’s seifuku are an especially heavyweight icon of the anime and manga world. Many series and games
have elaborate, if not impractical, seifuku designs. Due to their symbolism of innocence, they tend to be heavily fetishized in otaku media. It’s not uncommon to see
characters casually try on their “old uniforms” in various series, if only for fan service. “Sailorsuit for Dummies” is an excellent website on girl’s uniforms,
created for manga and anime fans.
The black military-looking boy’s uniform is called a gaku-ran. It has stiff high collars, and is typically used at secondary schools. About 40% of junior high schools
that require uniforms also require students to shave their heads.  It is a rite of passage for many boys to shave their heads as they enter junior high school (=7th
grade).  When boys graduate, some will give the second button of their uniform, closest to his heart, to the girl they like the most.
PE uniforms pop up very frequently in anime and manga. The classic bloomer shorts you always see are no longer the standard and are thus romanticized (if not
fetishized) in otaku media. PE clothes may also be worn for cleaning, volunteer work, field trips, health exams, or all day as a school uniform.  Check out the Adidas
Japan website  to see the kinds of PE uniforms Japanese schools actually use.
You may have seen anime characters changing shoes at the school entrance, or receiving notes or gifts inside their geta bako (shoe locker/box).  Many, but not all,
Japanese schools require that students wear special indoor shoes at school.

School Events and Activities
Schools events include ceremonies, formal meetings, cultural events, sporting events, and school trips. You’ve no doubt encountered some of these if you’re familiar
with anime and manga. The Azumanga Daioh anime series starts in episode 1 with an entrance ceremony and ends in episode 26 with a graduation ceremony. Throughout are
plenty of events, including sports and cultural festivals and field trips. We see many of the same school activities and events in other series, such as K-On!,
Hidamari Sketch, and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya.
The following is a more detailed list of events.  Actual events differ from school to school, but none of the events below would be considered unusual.  You can say
Japanese schools have events all the time!
Ceremonies  Most schools hold Annual (entrance, graduation), Term (beginning & end), and Daily (morning, day-end) ceremonies and addresses.  Daily meetings are likely conducted by
the homeroom unit, but the rest are likely to be all school meetings. The principal tends to address the student body for Annual and Term ceremonies. You see a lot of
these in Hidamari Sketch.
Graduation Ceremony in Anime? K-On! Episode 24? Azumanga Daioh Ep.26? Gundam AGE #18
SportsMany schools offer sporting events such as Taiikusai /Undo-kai (Sports Festival), races and endurance events (swimming, running, hiking), and games (Ball Game Day,
Club games).
Sports FestivalThe sports festival is arguably the most popular school event. Traditionally held in early Oct, it is now often held in May instead.  Teams are typically based either
on homeroom or on grade level. Many of the games are fun physical games that do not depend on special athletic talents. Many of them rely on group collaboration, for
which group practice is required. Cheerleading (oen-dan) may be also interesting for non-Japanese people, especially the male-only cheer-leaders (bankara).
Sport Festivals in Anime? Lucky Star Ep. 8? Card Captor Sakura Ep. 10? Azumanga Daioh Eps. 6, 15, 23 ? Dai Mahou Touge Ep. 7? Hidamari Sketch x 365 Ep. 8? Sigh of Haruhi Suzumiya I
Cultural EventsThe most prominent cultural school event in anime is perhaps Bunkasai (Culture Festival = Open House with a preparation week). Additionally, various competitive events
are held at different schools. Student government also exists.
Bunkasai (Culture Festival)
Bunkasai, or Culture Festival, is held at virtually all schools in one way or another, up to college.  It is considered a formal school activity until the end of high
school.  Bunkasai is primarily student-led. Students get involved through the Student Government, the homeroom class, and clubs.
What to do for bunkasai is typically summed up as “Anything goes!” Typical activities include sales of food or drink, performance (theater, music, etc.)  and exhibits.
Some Internet users reported having offered a planetarium, a “cross-gender bar”, games, a photo studio with props and effects, fortune telling, and “street fighter”
battles .  Classes may be cancelled for preparations for a day or more, up to a week. You have probably seen students voting for bunkasai activities and preparing for
their offerings in anime and manga.
Bunkasai in anime? Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer? K-On! Season 1 Ep.4, Season 2 Ep. 18-20? Sigh of Haruhi Suzumiya? Azumanga Daioh Ep. 7, 16? School Rumble? Persona 4: The Animation Ep. 19? Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou Ep. 4? Hidamari Sketch Ep. 10 (we see preparations in Ep. 4 of Hidamari Sketch x 365)
Aside from bunkasai, Japanese schools often schedule other cultural events and activities in art & music appreciation and competitions to include? Chorus (Inter-Homeroom)? Classical Poetry Cards competition (called Karuta, as in the anime Chihayafuru)? Speech (Japanese / English)? Recitation? Math? Kanji
TripsOvernight school trips can be a graduation trip or retreats for outdoor experiences at the seaside or in the mountains. Some schools have freshman/study retreats and
overseas excursions. Additionally, day trips are made for arts & music, hiking, movies, or sightseeing.The graduation trip is probably the biggest graduation-related event. Its significance for Japanese students is somewhat similar to a prom in the U.S.
The graduation trip is called Shugaku Ryoko, which literally means “mastering/learning trip” and is a formal school activity.  It is an overnight trip to a “far” place
out of your region, and offers students a chance to explore the unfamiliar.   It is traditionally scheduled for the last year of each school (=Grade 6, 9, 12). 93% of
schools have the graduation trips in the spring of senior year (note that the Japanese school year starts in spring). 99.3% of the graduation trips are for 2 nights
and 3 days. In recent years, more and more schools have started scheduling for Grades 8 and 11 instead, in order to focus on entrance exams during their senior years.
Some schools even have their “high school graduation” trip during the 10th grade. But as you can see from the above statistics, it is not a common practice.
From East/Kanto, they travel to the West/Kansai (87.1%).  From Central/Tokai, they travel to the East/Kanto (80.5%).  The destinations from Kansai/West varies: Kanto
(36.9%), Okinawa (30.1%), Kyushu (13.5%) and Hokkaido (3.8%). Some go overseas. Activities during graduation trips are officially educational ones.  However, the
interpretation of “educational” is typically broad.  It’s meant to be fun and involves a lot of activities and sightseeing.
Graduation Trips in Anime? Azumanga Daioh Ep. 21? Yuru Yuri Ep. 10? Lucky Star Ep. 21 ? Pandora’s Box? K-On! Season 2 Ep. 4ClubsStudents typically belong to just one club all year round for three years.  It is uncommon to switch clubs. On average, Japanese students spend 1.25 hours (Middle) to
1.5 hours (HS) per day on club activities. However, averages are deceiving. Some clubs are intense and many others are not. In reality, one fifth of students don’t
even belong to any clubs, and another fifth belong to bunka (“culture”) type clubs. Half of the students belong to sport clubs. Sports clubs are typically the ones
that require intense participation. Roughly speaking, students in sport clubs spend around 2-3 hours per day in club activities. It is fairly common for clubs to meet
in the morning before school, during lunchtime, in the afternoon after school, on weekends, and during school vacation time. So, the premise of what you saw in K-On!
is not unrealistic: club members do meet often, except probably not (but not completely unthinkable) for afternoon teatime.
The distinction of senpai (senior members) and kohai (junior members) is typically strictly observed in most clubs, especially in sport clubs.
Clubs in Anime? Haruhi Suzumiya (Paranormal Activities/”Literature” Club)? K-On!  (Popular Music)? Clannad (Drama)? Hikaru-no Go (Game of Go)? Ouran High School Host Club (Host Clubbing?)? Bamboo Blade (Kendo)? Code Geass (Student Government)? Slam Dunk (Basketball)? Prince of Tennis (Tennis)? Inuyasha (Japanese Archery)? Chuunibyou Demo Koi ga Shitai! (“Napping” Club)? Free (Swimming)
Social IssuesJapanese school life is not without issues.  Anime works have reflected realities of NEET, school phobia, bullying, hikikomori and dropouts.
NEETNEET stands for “Not in Education, Employment, or Training” and is a growing global issue. There is concern that young people are either not motivated or are having
difficulty finding or pursuing work, especially those involving professional careers and advanced degrees. It seems to be closely tied to the problem of “hikikomori”
and school phobia/refusal in Japan. Hikikomori is a psychosocial condition similar to agoraphobia in which one secludes themselves in their rooms or homes for extended
periods of time. You can see a character afflicted with both NEET and hikikomori in Welcome to the NHK!.  For more information, please read this U.K. article on NEET .
NEET/hikikomori/School phobia in anime? Eden of the East? Heaven’s Memo Pad? Welcome to the NHK!? Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day
Bullying in anime? Paranoia Agent? GTO (Great Teacher Onizuka)? Hana Yori Dango (Boys Over Flowers)

 

 

Ah! My GoddessA Peek into College Life in JapaneseWhile school is a common theme and setting in anime and manga, most scenes take place in K-12 schools; few popular pieces are set in college. Ah! My Goddess is a
seinen manga series and one of the popular works dealing with college life. We see a college campus, an old-style dorm, student work, traditional Japanese homes,
housekeeping, and dating customs. It also shows the traditional gender ideals of Japanese society, particularly the “perfect” mate as seen from the young man’s point
of view, typified by Belldandy.
The TitleThe title is sometimes translated to Oh! My Goddess since the author reportedly intended it to be a take on the English exclamation “oh my god!” Newer translations
turn it into “Ah!” to keep it closer to the Japanese pronunciation of the title.
Empty ClassroomsAs you watch Ah! My Goddess, you might notice how empty the classrooms are. College might be difficult to get into in Japan, but once you make it in, it is considered
smooth sailing for many. It’s common for students to skip classes. You’ll notice this in other series dealing with college as well.
Campus Life? Video of Campus Life at Tokyo University (Public Relation Video produced by Tokyo University) ? A music video created by an American high school student: Time of the Soji (cleaning at school) .  ? Daily Life of a Japanese College Student in Nagasaki.  Created by a Japanese student .? My dorm in Sapporo Japan – Minami Shinkawa
KokuhakuKokuhaku is an explicit confession of serious romantic interest. It is often considered required before dating. This practice is deeply woven into the mythology of
anime and manga; you will see it in many shows.
School ClubsKeiichi Morisato is part of the motor club at his school. As described earlier, seniority among the students is often strictly observed. Senpai (seniors) traditionally
have absolute power over kohai (juniors). You’ll note how juniors will refer to their upperclassmen by “-senpai” to show respect. Club activities and relationships
often take priority over academics.
Japanese HousekeepingMany Japanese prefer to hang-dry laundry outside on poles even if they own clothes dryers. On sunny days, futon mattresses are hung and beaten in the sun to remove
moisture and dust. In recent years, the housekeeping methods are in transition in response to media coverage of science behind them. Instead of using mops, many
Japanese choose to wipe clean floors with damp zokin cleaning cloths. Many households now use disposable mops, but many others still practice zokin cleaning.  As a
matter of fact, elementary school children are commonly expected to bring own zokin to school.
Other Anime/Manga with College Life
? Maison Ikkoku (Rumiko Takahashi, Big Comic Spirits, Shogakukan, 1980-1987)? The Tatami Galaxy (Dir. Masaaki Yuasa, Wr. Makoto Ueda, Madhouse, April 2010 – July 2010)? Nodame Cantabile (Tomoko Ninomiya, 2001-2009, Kodansha)? Honey and Clover (Chica Umiko, Shueisha, 2000-2006)? Moyashimon (Masayuki Ishikawa. Kodansha. 2004-2014)? Elfen Lied (Lynn Okamoto. 2002-2005. Dir. Mamoru Kanbe, Arms, 2004)? Umi ga Kikoeru (Ocean Waves. Dir. Tomomi Mochizuki, Studio Ghibli,1993)
Featured Artist? Name Kosuke Fujishima? DOB July 7, 1964? Place of Birth Tokyo? Occupation Manga artist, character designer, illustrator, game designer? Notable Work Ah! My Goddess, You Are Under Arrest! ? Hobbies Motorcycles, automobiles, bicycles and plastic models. Reportedly owns Ferrari 360, Caterham, Alpha Romeo 156, Lotus Eran S3.
Kosuke Fujishima is noted for his extensive research into the settings in his works. He is a man of detail. His love for cars and motorcycles is readily apparent in
You Are Under Arrest and Ah! My Goddess. His detailed portrayal of police life in You Are Under Arrest! later influenced the hit live-action series Bayside Shakedown.
He is responsible for the character designs of many games, including the ever-popular Sakura Wars for which he also designed the weapons.
Fujishima won the 33rd Kodansha Manga Award for Ah! My Goddess. His current manga series, Toppu GP began serialization in 2016, clearly showcasing Fujishima’s love of
motorcycles, automotives and racing.

Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific and the Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific data set. 

Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific and the Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific data set. 

 

 

Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific and the Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific data set.

Resources: Microsoft Excel®, Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific *see attachmentsReview the Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific and the Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific data set. Prepare a 1,050-word managerial report for your boss. *Report only on Microsoft Word*Use the following questions for guidelines and directions on what to include in the report:What is the type of data (Quantitative or Qualitative) for each of the columns (variables) in the dataset? If quantitative, is the data discrete or continuous? Neatly
summarize your response in a table for all the columns (variables).Using Excel®, find the mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and the three quartiles for each of the quantitative variables identified in part 1 above.
Neatly summarize in a table on this document. Comment on what you observe.What are the minimum and maximum full-time enrollments? Which schools have the minimum and maximum full-time enrollments?What is the average number of students per faculty member? Is this low or high? What does this mean to prospective applicants who are interested in pursuing an MBA in
one of the leading international business schools?What are the mean, median, and modal ages? What does this mean to prospective applicants?What is the mean percentage of foreign students? How many and which schools have 1% and 0% foreign students? Which schools have highest percentage of foreign students?
Please state these percentages.What percentage of schools require the GMAT test?What percentage of schools require English tests such as Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)?What percentage of schools require work experience? From this percentage, does this appear to be a significant factor in gaining admissions?What are the mean and median starting salaries? Which schools have the minimum and maximum starting salaries? How much are these minimum and maximum salaries?What are the mean tuition for foreign students and for local students? Does there appear to be a significant difference? What is the difference between the two means?How many schools require work experience and how many of them don’t? What is the mean starting salary for schools requiring work experience? What is the mean starting
salary for schools requiring no work experience?How many schools require English tests and how many don’t? What is the mean starting salary for schools requiring English tests? What is the mean starting salary for
schools requiring no English tests?Comment on the skewness for the data on starting salaries:Plot a histogram and determine the skewness.Find the skewness coefficient.Find the mean, median, and mode for starting salaries and compare the three measures to determine skewness.Finally, use Empirical Rule on the starting salaries and determine whether the salaries follow the Empirical Rule.Format your assignment consistent with APA format

University of Phoenix Material
Case Study: MBA Schools in Asia-Pacific
The pursuit of a higher education degree in business is now international. A survey shows more and more Asians choose the master of business administration (MBA)
degree route to corporate success. As a result, the number of applicants for MBA courses at Asia-Pacific schools continues to increase.
Across the region, thousands of Asians show an increasing willingness to temporarily shelve their careers and spend two years in pursuit of a theoretical business
qualification. Courses in these schools are notoriously tough and include statistics, economics, banking, marketing, behavioral sciences, labor relations, decision
making, strategic thinking, business law, and more.
After your MBA, you get a job at Bloomberg in its media division, Bloomberg Business. Your division publishes reviews and rankings for business schools in the US and
internationally. Because of your strong analytical education from University of Phoenix, your boss assigns you to work on preparing an analysis for data gathered for
leading business schools in the Asia-Pacific. The data set in the Excel® file shows some of the characteristics of the leading Asia-Pacific business schools.

 

What are trade discounts and how are they used in the business world?/What are cash discounts and how are they used in the business world?/Which is better in business trade discounts are cash discounts?/How are markups based on cost and selling price determined and used in business?/What are markdowns?/How do you determine the unit selling price of perishable goods?/What is the difference between markups and markdowns?/Explain and define Working capital and net capital?/If a firm has trade discounts available and would need to borrow funds to pursue the discounts, should it do so? Why or why not? /What is “cost-plus” pricing? Why are its advantages and disadvantages?

What are trade discounts and how are they used in the business world?/What are cash discounts and how are they used in the business world?/Which is better in business trade discounts are cash discounts?/How are markups based on cost and selling price determined and used in business?/What are markdowns?/How do you determine the unit selling price of perishable goods?/What is the difference between markups and markdowns?/Explain and define Working capital and net capital?/If a firm has trade discounts available and would need to borrow funds to pursue the discounts, should it do so? Why or why not? /What is “cost-plus” pricing? Why are its advantages and disadvantages?

 

What are trade discounts and how are they used in the business world?/What are cash discounts and how are they used in the business world?/Which is better in business
trade discounts are cash discounts?/How are markups based on cost and selling price determined and used in business?/What are markdowns?/How do you determine the unit
selling price of perishable goods?/What is the difference between markups and markdowns?/Explain and define Working capital and net capital?/If a firm has trade
discounts available and would need to borrow funds to pursue the discounts, should it do so? Why or why not? /What is “cost-plus” pricing? Why are its advantages and
disadvantages?

 

1. What are trade discounts and how are they used in the business world?
2. What are cash discounts and how are they used in the business world?
3. Which is better in business trade discounts are cash discounts?
4. How are markups based on cost and selling price determined and used in business?
5. What are markdowns?
6. How do you determine the unit selling price of perishable goods?
7. What is the difference between markups and markdowns?
8. Explain and define Working capital and net capital?
9. If a firm has trade discounts available and would need to borrow funds to pursue the discounts, should it do so? Why or why not?
10. What is “cost-plus” pricing? Why are its advantages and disadvantages?

 

Software engineering

Software engineering

 

Software engineering

 

Coding Standard January 2006 1 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Coding Standard January 2006 2 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Overview
Overview
Section See Page
Prerequisites 2
Objectives 2
Coding standard requirements 3
Example coding standard 4
Evaluation criteria and suggestions 7
Coding standard template 8
Prerequisites Prerequisites
• Read Chapter 4
• Complete Size Counting Standard
Objectives The objectives of the coding standard are to
• establish a consistent set of coding practices
• provide criteria for judging the quality of the code that you produce
• facilitate size counting by ensuring your programs are written so they can be
readily counted
• for LOC counting, require that there be a separate physical line for each
logical line of code
Coding Standard January 2006 3 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Coding standard requirements
Coding
standard
requirements
Produce, document, and submit a completed coding standard that calls for
quality coding practices.
For LOC counting, ensure that a separate physical source line is used for each
logical line of code.
Submit the coding standard with your program 2 assignment package.
Coding Standard January 2006 4 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example coding Standard
Coding standard
example
Pages 5 and 6 of this workbook contain an example C++ coding standard.
Notes about the example
• Since it is an example, tailor it to meet your personal needs.
• If you have an existing organizational standard, consider using it for the PSP
exercises.
Continued on next page
Coding Standard January 2006 5 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example C++ Coding Standard
Purpose To guide implementation of C++ programs
Program Headers Begin all programs with a descriptive header.
Header Format /******************************************************************/
/* Program Assignment: the program number */
/* Name: your name */
/* Date: the date you started developing the program */
/* Description: a short description of the program and what it does */
/******************************************************************/
Listing Contents Provide a summary of the listing contents
Contents
Example
/******************************************************************/
/* Listing Contents: */
/* Reuse instructions */
/* Modification instructions */
/* Compilation instructions */
/* Includes */
/* Class declarations:
*/
/* CData
*/
/* ASet
*/
/* Source code in c:/classes/CData.cpp: */
/* CData
*/
/* CData()
*/
/* Empty()
*/
/******************************************************************/
(continued)
Coding Standard January 2006 6 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example C++ Coding Standard (continued)
Reuse
Instructions
– Describe how the program is used: declaration format, parameter values, types,
and formats.
– Provide warnings of illegal values, overflow conditions, or other conditions that
could potentially result in improper operation.
Reuse Instruction
Example
/******************************************************************/
/* Reuse instructions */
/* int PrintLine(char *line_of_character) */
/* Purpose: to print string, ‘line_of_character’, on one print line */
/* Limitations: the line length must not exceed LINE_LENGTH */
/* Return 0 if printer not ready to print, else 1 */
/******************************************************************/
Identifiers Use descriptive names for all variable, function names, constants, and other
identifiers. Avoid abbreviations or single-letter variables.
Identifier
Example
Int number_of_students; /* This is GOOD */
Float: x4, j, ftave; /* This is BAD */
Comments – Document the code so the reader can understand its operation.
– Comments should explain both the purpose and behavior of the code.
– Comment variable declarations to indicate their purpose.
Good Comment If(record_count > limit) /* have all records been processed? */
Bad Comment If(record_count > limit) /* check if record count exceeds limit */
Major Sections Precede major program sections by a block comment that describes the processing
done in the next section.
Example /******************************************************************/
/* The program section examines the contents of the array ‘grades’ and calcu- */
/* lates the average class grade.
*/
/******************************************************************/
Blank Spaces – Write programs with sufficient spacing so they do not appear crowded.
– Separate every program construct with at least one space.
Indenting – Indent each brace level from the preceding level.
– Open and close braces should be on lines by themselves and aligned.
Indenting
Example
while (miss_distance > threshold)
{
success_code = move_robot (target _location);
if (success_code == MOVE_FAILED)
{
printf(“The robot move has failed.n”);
}
}
Capitalization – Capitalize all defines.
– Lowercase all other identifiers and reserved words.
– To make them readable, user messages may use mixed case.
Capitalization
Examples
#define DEFAULT-NUMBER-OF-STUDENTS 15
int class-size = DEFAULT-NUMBER-OF-STUDENTS;
Coding Standard January 2006 7 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Evaluation c riteria and suggestions
Evaluation
criteria
Your standard must be
• complete
• legible
Suggestions Keep your standards simple and short.
Do not hesitate to copy or build on the PSP materials.
Coding Standard January 2006 8 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Coding Standard Template
Purpose To guide the development of programs
Program Headers Begin all programs with a descriptive header.
Header Format
Listing Contents Provide a summary of the listing contents.
Contents
Example
Reuse Instructions • Describe how the program is used. Provide the declaration format, parameter
values and types, and parameter limits.
• Provide warnings of illegal values, overflow conditions, or other conditions that
could potentially result in improper operation.
Reuse Example
Identifiers Use descriptive names for all variables, function names, constants, and other
identifiers. Avoid abbreviations or single letter variables.
Identifier Example
(continued)
Coding Standard January 2006 9 2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Coding Standard Template (continued)
Comments • Document the code so that the reader can understand its operation.
• Comments should explain both the purpose and behavior of the code.
• Comment variable declarations to indicate their purpose.
Good Comment
Bad Comment
Major Sections Precede major program sections by a block comment that describes the
processing that is done in the next section
Example
Blank Spaces • Write programs with sufficient spacing so they do not appear crowded.
• Separate every program construct with at least one space.
Indenting • Indent every level of brace from the previous one.
• Open and closing braces should be on lines by themselves and aligned with
each other.
Indenting
Example
Capitalization • Capitalized all defines.
• Lowercase all other identifiers and reserved words.
• Messages being output to the user can be mixed-case so as to make a clean
user presentation.
Capitalization
Example

 

Size Counting Standard January 2006 1  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Section See Page
Prerequisites 2
Objectives 2
Size counting standard requirements 3
Example 1: Pascal size counting standard 4
Example 2: C++ size counting standard 6
Example 3: another size counting standard 8
Evaluation criteria and suggestions 10
Size counting standard template 11
Prerequisites Prerequisite reading
• Chapter 3
Objectives The objectives of Size Counting standard are to
• define the size counting standards that are appropriate for the programming
language and environment that you will use
• provide a basis for developing a coding standard
• prepare for developing a program to count program size
Size Counting Standard January 2006 2  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Size counting standard requirements
Size counting
standard
requirements
Produce and document a standard for counting program size for the language
and environment that you will use in this course.
Submit the completed standard using the format in the template on page 11
with your program 2 assignment package.
Size Counting Standard January 2006 3  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example 1: Pascal size counting standard
Overview The template is a simplified version of the SEI measurement framework.
• Use this template to describe important items.
• Tailor it to fit your needs or language.
We’ll walk through two example size counting standards. The first example is
for logical LOC for Pascal programs.
Completing the
header
Complete the header as follows:
• the name you give this standard
• the language you are using
• your name
• the date you produced this standard (or revision)
Count type Choices are logical and physical LOC.
• Logical LOC counts language elements.
• Physical LOC counts text lines.
For this counting standard, you are counting logical LOC.
Statement type Use this section to define how you will count various types of statements.
Consider the following:
• How are you going to count procedure declarations and function prototypes?
• How will you count compiler directives?
• Will you count blank lines or comments? Why or why not?
Clarifications A fully operational standard generally requires many notes and comments.
Use the clarification section for this purpose.
Continued on next page
Size Counting Standard January 2006 4  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Pascal LOC Counting Standard Template
Definition Name: Example Pascal LOC Std. Language: Pascal
Author: W. S. Humphrey Date: 12/20/93
Count Type Type Comments
Physical/Logical Logical
Statement Type Included Comments
Executable yes
Nonexecutable:
Declarations yes
Compiler Directives yes
Comments no
Blank lines no
Other elements
Clarifications Examples/Cases
Nulls yes continues, no-ops, …
Empty statements yes “;;”, lone ;’s, etc.
Generic instantiators
Begin…end note 1 when executable
Begin…end note 1 when not executable
Test conditions yes
Expression evaluation yes when used as sub program arguments
End symbols notes 1,2 when terminating executable statements
End symbols notes 1,2 when terminating declarations or bodies
Then, else, otherwise note 1
Elseif note 1
Keywords notes 1,2 procedure division, interface, implementation
Labels yes branch destinations when on separate lines
Note 1 unless followed by ; or. or included in {}, count the
following keywords once: BEGIN, CASE, DO, ELSE, END,
IF, RECORD, REPEAT, THEN, UNTIL
Note 2 count every ; and . that is not within a {} or ()
Note 3 count each , between USES and the next ; or between
VAR and the next ;
Size Counting Standard January 2006 5  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example 2: C++ LOC counting standard
How many
LOC?
Using the C++ LOC counting standard on page 7, how many LOC are in the
following program fragment?
#include <stdio.h>
void main (void)
{
int i,j;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
cout << i << “, ” << j << endl;
}
Continued on next page
Size Counting Standard January 2006 6  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example C++ Size Counting Standard
Definition Name: Example C++ LOC std. Language: C++
Author: W.S. Humphrey Date: 12/20/93
Count Type Type Comments
Physical/Logical Logical
Statement Type Included Comments
Executable Yes
Nonexecutable:
Declarations Yes,Notes
3, 4
Compiler Directives Yes, Note 4
Comments No
Blank lines No
Other elements

Clarifications Examples/Cases
Empty statements yes “;;”, lone ;’s, etc.
Begin…end note 1
Expression evaluation yes when used as sub program arguments
End symbols notes 1,2 for terminating executable statements, declarations,
bodies
Then, else, otherwise note 1
Elseif yes
Keywords yes procedure division, interface, implementation
Labels yes branch destinations when on separate lines
Note 1 Count once every occurrence of the following key words:
CASE, DO, ELSE, ENUM, FOR, IF, PRIVATE, PUBLIC,
STRUCT, SWITCH, UNION, WHILE
Note 2 count once every occurrence of the following: ; , {} or };
Note 3 count each variable or parameter declaration
Note 4 count once each #define, #ifdef, #include, etc.
statement
Size Counting Standard January 2006 7  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Example 3: another size counting standard
Overview For this example standard, the class will select from among the following
product categories.
• documents
• interface screens and forms
• database program elements
• maintenance fixes
• any other requested category
We’ll then walk through developing the selected size counting standard.
Completing the
standard
We’ll then walk through the completion of the standard as a class exercise.
Continued on next page
Size Counting Standard January 2006 8  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Size Counting Standard Template
Definition Name: Language:
Author: Date:
Count Type Type Comments
Physical/Logical
Statement Type Included Comments
Executable
Nonexecutable:
Declarations
Compiler Directives
Comments
Blank lines
Other elements

Clarifications Examples/Cases
Note
Note
Note
Note
Size Counting Standard January 2006 9  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Evaluation criteria and suggestions
Evaluation
criteria
Your standard must be
• complete
• legible
Suggestions Keep your standards simple and short.
Do not hesitate to copy or build on the PSP materials.
Size Counting Standard January 2006 10  2006 by Carnegie Mellon University
Size Counting Standard Template
Definition Name: Language:
Author: Date:
Count Type Type Comments
Physical/Logical
Statement Type Included Comments
Executable
Nonexecutable:
Declarations
Compiler Directives
Comments
Blank lines
Other elements

Clarifications Examples/Cases
Note
Note
Note
Note

 

Planning-Themed Games (Reflection)

Planning-Themed Games (Reflection)

 

Planning-Themed Games (Reflection)

 

– Reflection

– 3 full pages in length and less than 4 full pages

– Consider what you agree with, disagree with, or find surprising. What are the deeper implications of the issues? Relate the topic to what you already know about planning or planning issues, and what you have read from the Levy book (Contemporary Urban Planning). DO NOT JUST SUMMARIZE THE ARTICLE.

                                                                                                              Assignment: FoodPrint Analysis

                                                                                                              Assignment: FoodPrint Analysis

 

Assignment: FoodPrint Analysis

 

Objectives:This Assignment addresses the following CCO objectives:2. Present environmental information using effective written and/or oral communications3. Describe, numerically and graphically, various presentations of data6. Describe conditions that promote various ecosystems and appraise the impacts of human endeavors on them7. Find, evaluate, use and cite variety of informational resources relevant to environmental science9. Describe the impact human activities had on natural systems10. Evaluate a range of cultural and social approaches to environmental problems 13. Assess the effect and importance of individual behavior on environmental issues18. Develop informed views based on critical evaluation of information sources19. Engage in problem solving of environmental issuesDue Date: September 12, 2017 at 11:59pm Credit: This activity is worth 50 points, see Rubric for details.A FoodPrint (food footprint) is the ecological footprint of the food we eat based on the way it is raised and brought to market.  It includes the land area necessary
for the production of the food and in the case of livestock, the production of the feed for those animals. For seafood it includes the oceans/lakes/rivers required to
produce the food items. It also includes a measure of the land necessary to absorb the wastes produced in the production of the food, the manure, carbon dioxide (CO2)
from transportation, landfill space from packaging, etc. (EP@W, 2008)Complete the activities below and submit your findings in a Word document attached to the Assignment in Blackboard. Be certain to properly cite your sources in APA or
CSE (Name, Year) format with a full references list at the end of your submission.
Part 1: Estimate your current Food Footprint (10 points)• Go to http://myfootprint.org/en/ • Start the calculations for your ecological footprint by selecting your language and country (USA).• Give a little background information about your socioeconomic status. This information will remain private, but is necessary for the calculations. • Be sure to add your CCBC Student email as you will need this later in the assignment.• Now skip ahead in the calculator to the Food Footprint calculator (you can go back and complete the carbon calculations later).
DO NOT PAY TO TAKE THE QUIZ Use the following values when prompted to log in:E-mail: eshrader@ccbcmd.eduPassword: 5coj855RRecord your personal Food Footprint in global acres as well as the Country average.
Answer the following questions in a brief (2-3 sentences) paragraph:How does your Food Footprint compare to the national average? What are ways that you could reduce your Food Footprint? (Be certain to cite your sources and use Standard Written English in your response.)
Part 2: Your Personal Food Diary (10 points)Choose a typical day in your week, one where you are working or attending school. Make a complete list of the items you eat & drink throughout that day. Create a table
to help you organize your foods.List the food item and try to identify the actual amount of each food that you have consumed (including calories). Include the ingredients.  Your food diary should
include a minimum of 5 items and/or between 1000-2000 calories.* There are a number of widely available apps for estimating the amount and caloric content of your
food.This is an EXAMPLE of what Table 1 should look like:Food Item Amount (g) Ingredients:Granola bar 42g, 190 calories whole grain oats, sugar, canola oil, dark chocolate chips (sugar, chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, soy lecithin, natural
flavor), roasted peanuts, yellow corn flour, soy flour, peanut butter, brown sugar syrup, honey, salt, natural flavor, soy lecithin, baking soda (package listing)apple Medium ~50g, 75 calories apple, MacintoshSkim milk French Vanilla Swirl Iced Macchiato 24fl oz, 240 calories Skim Milk; Brewed Espresso Coffee; French Vanilla Flavored Swirl Syrup: Sweetened Condensed
Skim Milk, Sugar, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Water, Natural and Artificial Flavor, Potassium Sorbate (Preservative), Salt.(Dunkindonuts.com, 2017)*If you are under the care of a physician and have a calorie restricted diet please contact your instructor prior to turning in your Assignment for further
instructions. **Note that this is a SAMPLE, you must have at least 5 items and at least 1000 calories listed.Be certain to properly cite your sources in APA or CSE (Name, Year) format with a full references list at the end of your submission.Sample References List:Dunkindonuts.com. Iced Macchiato. Accessed on May 26, 2017. Available at: https://www.dunkindonuts.com/en/food-drinks/iced-drinks/iced-macchiato
Part 3: FoodPrint Analysis (20 points)Now that you have taken a long, hard look at the foods you actually eat, let’s identify the impacts of these foods on our planet and your health.  Generally the less a
food has to travel, the less CO2 is produced. Foods produced by large, industrial farming practices tend to use more fertilizer, water, and pesticides. Fresh,
sustainably grown, organic and local foods tend to have better nutrition than highly processed items.Read the article, Food’s Carbon Footprint from nutritionist Jane Richards at GreenEatz.com (http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html) For each item in your Food Diary: – identify if this is a whole or a processed food – was the food organically or industrially grown; include the evidence you have to support this. – was the food item locally grown; include the evidence you have to support this.    (Locally grown means planted/harvested or raised within 100miles of where you live.) – estimate the carbon foot print for this item; you must cite the sources you use to make these estimates- is there a lower carbon footprint alternative available? If so, describe it.This is an EXAMPLE of what Table 2 should look like:Food Item Whole/Processed Organic/Industrial Local? Carbon footprint (g CO2e) Lower carbon alternative?Granola bar Processed Industrial No 140 (1) Locally grown oatmeal Apple Whole Organic (label) Yes (farmers market) 130 (2) NoneDunkin Iced Coffee Processed Industrial No 340 (3) Water from the tap **Note that this is a SAMPLE, you must complete Table 2 for each item in Table 1.Be certain to properly cite your sources in APA or CSE (Name, Year) format with a full references list at the end of your submission.Sample References List: (Numbers are used here because the (name,year) does not fit in the table.)1. Bon Appétit Management Company 2007. Eat Low Carbon. Accessed on May 26, 2017. Available at: http://www.eatlowcarbon.org/food-scores/2. CleanMetrics. 2011. Food Carbon Emissions Calculator. Accessed on May 26, 2017. Available at: http://www.foodemissions.com/foodemissions/Calculator.aspx 3. McColl, S. n.d. Coffee’s Invisible Carbon Footprint. Accessed on May 26, 2017. Available at:https://www.ecowatch.com/coffees-invisible-carbon-footprint-1882175408.html
Part 4: Conclusions (10 points)Please respond to each of the questions below in a short essay (2-3 paragraphs) which uses Standard Written English and is properly cited in APA or CSE (Name, Year)
format.• What have you learned about your personal FoodPrint from this activity?• What factors contribute most to your food choices?• What impacts would be reduced buying more local foods?• Would you be willing to make changes to your diet based on these results? Why or why not?• What resources exist to enable you to purchase local, whole foods in Baltimore? Provide at least two (2) locations where you could purchase these foods.• Describe any programs that exist in our area that would enable you to get better access to healthy food choices. (This will require research; be sure to cite
your sources.)

 

Resources:EP@W Publishing, LTD. Sustainable Food: Food footprint – what it means. Accessed on May 26, 2017.Available at: http://sustainablefood.com/Foodfootprint-What.htm
Richards, Jane. N.d. Food’s Carbon Footprint. Accessed on May 26, 2017 Available at: http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html

ob Analysis Information

ob Analysis Information

HRM 601

Week 3 Job Analysis Assignment

 

Step 1: Using this template and the Job Analysis Information Form (included at the end of this document), interview someone you work with, or someone you may not work with but know well enough so that you are comfortable gathering the data required.

 

Step 2: Go the website for O*Net [http://www.onetonline.org/]. Utilizing the Find Occupations tab select Job Family, and based on the information you have gathered (not necessarily the job title the interviewee provided), find the occupation within the job family that you believe most accurately aligns with the data you have collected.Once you find the appropriate occupation, and view the summary, be sure to also go into the details tab for further information you will need for this assignment.

 

Step 3: Identify at least one item in your job analysis data collection that serves as the basis for your placement of this job within the O*Net job for each of the following categories:

 

Tasks:

 

 

Tools & Technology:

 

 

Knowledge:

 

 

 

Skills:

 

 

 

Abilities:

 

 

 

Work Activities:

 

 

 

Work Context:

 

 

 

Job Zone/Training:

 

 

Step 4:Provide a brief (150 word minimum) answer for each question. Draw from the concepts and terminology covered in the text.

 

  1. What strategic value does the process of job analysis have for an organization?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Christensen (2006) introduces the concept of HR leadership as an “organizational architect”. How would this process of job analysis help support this role described by Christensen?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step 5: Complete this document and submit for your job analysis week three assignment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Job Analysis Information Form

 

 

Your Job Title:__________________________        O*Net Code/Title:_________________________________

 

Supervisor’s Title: ______________________

 

Hours Worked: ______________________ AM / PM to _________________________ AM / PM

 

  1. What is the general purpose of your job?

 

 

 

 

  1. What was your last job?

 

 

  1. To what job would you normally expect to be promoted?

 

  1. If you regularly supervise others, list the titles supervised:

 

 

 

 

  1. If you supervise others, please check those activities that are part of your supervisory duties:

 

___ Hiring             ___ Orienting              ___ Directing              ___ Disciplining

 

___ Training          ___ Compensating      ___ Budgeting                        ___ Terminating

 

___ Scheduling     ___ Other

 

 

  1. How would you describe the successful completion and results of your work?

 

 

 

 

  1. Job Duties – Briefly describe what you do, and how you do it. Indicate those duties you consider to be most important and most difficult.

 

 

  1. Daily duties:

 

 

 

  1. Periodic duties (weekly, monthly, etc.):

 

 

  1. How long have you been performing these duties?

 

 

  1. Are you now performing what you would consider unnecessary duties for your position? If yes, please briefly describe:

 

 

 

  1. Should you be performing duties not now included in your job? If yes, please briefly describe:

 

 

 

  1. Education: Please check the blank that indicates the educational requirements for the job, not your educational background.

 

___ No formal education  ___ High School or equivalent           ___ 2-year or vocational certificate

 

___ 4-year college degree ___ Education beyond undergraduate – and/or professional license

 

List advance degrees or professional licensure or certificate requirement:

 

 

 

 

Please list the education you had at the time you were placed in this job:

 

 

 

  1. Experience – Please check the amount of experience needed to perform you job.

 

___ None              ___ Less than one month                    ___ One month to six months

 

___ 6 months to1year       ___ 1- 5 years              ___ 3-5            ___ 5-10 years             ___ Over 10 years

 

  1. Skills – List any specific skills required in the performance of your job (For example: high degree of accuracy, legal background, specific software, or other tools)

 

 

 

 

  1. Please list the skills you had at the time you were placed in this job:

 

 

  1. Equipment: Does your work require the use of any specific equipment?  ____ Yes  ___ No

 

If yes, please list the equipment and indicate the frequency of use.

 

Equipment                               Rarely              Occasionally                Frequently

 

_______________                  ____                ____                            ____

 

_______________                  ____                ____                            ____

 

_______________                  ____                ____                            ____

 

_______________                  ____                ____                            ____

 

 

  1. Other comments relevant to the nature or complexity of the work or environment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HR Analyst: __________________________                       Date Completed: _________________

 

 

 

trade discounts

trade discounts

What are trade discounts and how are they used in the business world?

2.      What are cash discounts and how are they used in the business world?

3.      Which is better in business trade discounts are cash discounts?

4.      How are markups based on cost and selling price determined and used in business?

5.      What are markdowns?

6.      How do you determine the unit selling price of perishable goods?

7.      What is the difference between markups and markdowns?

8.      Explain and define Working capital and net capital?

9.      If a firm has trade discounts available and would need to borrow funds to pursue the discounts, should it do so? Why or why not?

10.  What is “cost-plus” pricing? Why are its advantages and disadvantages?

 

Upper body

Upper body

Synthesis of concepts

 

Initial response reflects understanding, application, and analysis of the topic. This original post must be at least 500 words in length does not have to be in APA

 

 

 

Clear citations

 

The response made proper reference to the course text or to other materials that were referenced or referred to in the discussion.  Opinions were also included and were valid.
Writing standards

 

The writing is grammatically correct, clear and concise.  The response is well formulated and easy to read and understand.  Correct terminology was used when needed. Posts are free of writing errors (syntax, grammar, etc.)

 

 

 

Chapter 12 in the text discusses upper body injuries. Please pick one upper body injury from your text and address the following:

1- Define injury
2- Sport you may see it in
3- Causes
4- Signs and symptoms with different gradings
5- First aid
6- Playing status/return to sport
7- Prevention measures

 

Walmart Scan and Go App

Walmart Scan and Go App

Create an Executive Summary for an App that would allow walmart customers to scan their items with their smart devices. This App would eliminate long check out lines. I have attached the details of the App.

This summary should provide a short description of the business concept and highlight your breakthrough idea by describing the unique aspects of your product or service.

This summary should be the first section of your submission after the cover sheet.

Include a WOW statement, which could simply be a sentence indicating why the project is important to the business industry as a whole.

Use the following guidelines when writing the abstract:

  • Begin with a wow statement illuminating the business problem under study. The WOW statement is a one line attention-grabbing statement.
  • Identify the population or organization.
  • Identify three themes that morphed from the development of the project to entice your readers.
  • Ensure the first line(s) in the abstract are not indented.
  • Ensure abstract does not exceed one page, but should be about one page with the final submission.
  • Use plural verbs with data (e.g., the data were).
  • Write all numbers as digits (i.e., 1, 2, 10, 20) and not spelled out unless at the beginning of a sentence.
  • Add an abbreviation in parentheses after spelling out a term in full only if the abbreviation is used again in the abstract.
  • The Abstract is written in past tense because the section is normally completed at the end of a project.