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Institution (2)

Ford

Student’s Name

Institution

Ford

Question 1

Fords are detailed in its assessment of the diverse consumer market. It achieves this objective by creating diverse markets in all its customer groups through the use of segments. The company carefully studies the trends in all consumer groups ranging from the young the old and developing products which suit their needs.

Ford’s approach to understanding the roles that affect the buying decisions involves an in-depth study of the trends on political issues, technological issues, or economic changes that affect the buyer’s decision. Ford then uses this information to plan for those changes through developing innovations.

Question 2

The psychological influence behind the creation of the Ford pass is intended to have two varied impact for the customers and no customers. For the customers, Ford intends to show that It is committed to offering convenient services for its loyal customers. To the non-customers, Ford is using it as a marketing tool, which indicates that Ford is accommodating, and one doesn’t need to be a member’s toe enjoy its benefits. The introduction of the Ford pass psychologically triggers the consumer to develop trust on the products offered by Ford as well as loyal due to their innovativeness, and concern for the preferences of the consumer.

Question 3

Sheryl Connelly’s research is likely to prove influential at the third stage of the consumer by the decision process. The stage involves the evaluation of alternatives. At this stage, a consumer seeking to purchase an automobile will be weighing up their options. Knowing that Ford does research on consumer trends and also makes an effort to design their products to suit the consumers may help to sway the decision of the buyer towards purchasing Ford.

Leadership and Management Final Paper

Fitchburg State University

Department of NursingLeadership and Management Final Paper

Part I due Week XII by midnight on day of classGuidelines/Grading Rubric

Provide a one to two paragraph introduction which identifies the problem, and how it impacts nursing, nursing care, patient outcomes or your role as a nursing student. Include some background information about the topic: Is this a new problem/concern? Is it an ongoing QI project? Is it a concern you identified? Was identified by your preceptor? This will inform the reader of the problem, and then you will provide more background information to “set the stage” for the problem.

Briefly (one paragraph) and anonymously describe the practicum agency. Include whether it is an acute care setting, long term care, community hospital, magnet hospital or teaching hospital. Provide a description of the care area (e.g. PACU), number of beds (e.g. 10), staff composition (e.g. one nurse manager, one nurse educator, 10 RNs, 3 LPNs, 10 UAPs etc.), staff distribution by shifts (e.g. shift lengths and number of nurses per shift), and when possible indicate the staff’s educational level.

Describe your role in the practicum setting. Do not provide a list of the technical skills you perform, rather, identify how you function in this nursing student role. Perhaps identify how you and you nurse receive report, identify which patients you care for, and how you go about planning and implementing this care. Since there are diverse practicum settings, this will be a good opportunity to reflect upon your accomplishments in this expanded student nurse role.

Briefly analyze and describe the power structure (formal & informal) and leadership and/or management style(s) within your placement agency. Review the chapters in your leadership textbook, and use this book as a reference to support your analysis. The textbook will be listed on the reference list, as well as in text citations.Writing Guidelines:Begin this section of the paper with a title page (APA style). This section of the paper should be 2-3 pages in length, not counting title page and Reference page.

Each section (numbers 1-4) is worth 5 points and is graded on completeness. This is a total of 20 points.

Grammar, sentence structure, and writing style are graded within APA writing style and are worth 10 points.

This Assignment: Part I is worth 30 points (of a 100 point final exam).

Late submissions lose 5 point per day (of the maximum 30 points).

Results

First Name Last Name

Professor

English 1111 1111

1 Jan. 2111

Results

The LSC System must adjust to a budget cut and reduce their expenses. The college is trying to get rid of student services that students rarely use or students find wasteful. Our research must discover whether one student services should be removed, reduced, or preserved. So we decided to take a survey of twenty students of the LSC System and ask them face-to-face whether the LSC system should make the EDUC 1300 course mandatory, optional, or get rid of it. Getting rid of a requirement may reduce expenses of instructor salaries, but it may reduce school income.

We took a survey amongst twenty random students of the LSC-NH campus regarding EDUC 1300. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions in total which included nine closed questions and one open question. Our primary goal was to determine if students find the EDUC 1300 course beneficial or not and if it should be mandatory or not.

Should EDUC 1300 course be mandatory? Yes No

Number of Students 3 17

Should the LSC get rid of EDUC 1300 course? Yes No

Number of students 15 5

The above table indicates the result of questions 4 and 5 respectively. In response to question 4, we found out that out that almost all the students think that the EDUC 1300 course should not be mandatory. Also in response to question 5, most number of students suggests that the LSC system should get rid of the EDUC 1300 course if the LSC had a budget cut on any of the student services. These results were consistent with our expectations.

Would you recommend this course to someone else? Yes No

Number of Students 11 9

However, we found that even though most of the students didn’t like this course, they would still recommend this course to a friend or a relative. More than 50% stated they would recommend the course to someone else, because they think that this course would help students to be ready for college and get used to the educational environment in the college. We did not expect this result. We believe this discrepancy means that they know some students do benefit from the course and need a refresher in time management, budget management, and learning skills. In our experience, we have seen students need help with navigating online resources, which the course covers.

Learning fundamentals that were found beneficial Time Management Budget Management Learning Skills

Number of students 4 11 5

The above table indicates the result of question 7, where students were asked about which learning fundamentals they found beneficial while taking the course. We found out that more than 50% of the student think that Budget Management was more beneficial than Time Management and Learning Skills. When asked about why they think budget management was more beneficial, they suggested that since majority of the students start working at the age of 18-20, they could manage their money in effective ways and use them efficiently by using some Budget Management tips that they learned while taking the course. As for Time Management and Learning Skills, our group feels students think they already know what to do with time and studying, but we do acknowledge some students do not do what they know to do.

Rating the course from scale of 1-5 1

(Not beneficial) 2

(Less beneficial) 3

(moderately beneficial ) 4

(Beneficial) 5

(Very beneficial)

Number of Students 2 7 4 6 1

The above table indicates the result of question 6. The students were asked to rate the course from scale of 1-5 on basis of their experience from the class (1 being not beneficial and 5 being very beneficial). The results indicate that 45% rated the course less or not beneficial, and, 35% rated the course beneficial or very beneficial. It seems more students do no find the course beneficial. We also asked the students what was the worst part of EDUC 1300 course. Some students felt this course completely wasted their time and money because they already knew everything that was taught. Some of the students said that the class had too many reading and writing assignments, while some students said that the book was barely used for class purpose. But, at the end, almost all the students agreed that they got to learn at least one lesson in the course that benefitted them in some way.

After completing the result analysis, we found that even though most students didn’t like this course, they would still recommend this course to someone else, especially to those who want to get well versed with the college-level education. All they want is that this course should be made optional by the college rather than keeping it mandatory for all. Also, some students told that they would still take the EDUC 1300 course, even if it was optional, since they found it interesting because of activities. The results of the survey are quite interesting because even though many students didn’t like this course, almost all of them learned at least one thing from the course that proved useful for them.

to explore and demonstrate impact, necessity and effectiveness of knowledge management system to improve hotels productivity

First assignment :The main aim of this research is to explore and demonstrate impact, necessity and effectiveness of knowledge management system to improve hotels productivity in UAE and also propose a framework to implant and apply this system as well as this framework would consider nature and component of Bobco.

This research examine both short and long impact s of knowledge sharing on Bobco effectiveness in UAE and underlying an initiative to address that representing knowledge is difficult and time consuming. Bobco has been slow in adopting knowledge management and knowledge sharing due to lack of gearing between researches, as well as the nature and environment of Bobco makes it more difficult to implement, initiate and coordinate. This research aims to identify the gap of knowledge management and knowledge sharing in Bobco and also provide both insights and potential solution to fill this gap.

Knowledge is a powerful resource to help public and private firms to develop their productivity. Bobco is a large and unique industry segment of market. Utilizing knowledge management systems to manage customer information and staff knowledge to support the full range of knowledge needs in the hospitality process has become an important issue for hotelier. Hence, the objective of this research is to a deep research and investigation into recent researches in knowledge management and sharing knowledge in tourism industry, Bobco, entertainment and leisure industry to understanding of the knowledge management concept amongst Bobco, determine enablers and barriers to implement a knowledge management programme and to determine whether knowledge is seen as a source for competitive advantage.

This research begins with a critical discussion of current literature about knowledge sharing and Bobco, and how they may be connected with competitive advantage of hotels with investigate in depth recent years sound research papers in knowledge management and sharing knowledge in tourism industry and Bobco after that choose amongst of them, then capture the major concept, major points and major outcome in each of these recourses. Once those major elements collected it will try to identify and show the relationships between them and critically evaluate them.

Importance of knowledge management in enterprises:

Effective knowledge management could noticeably reduce the costs, makes the situation better and easier to extend enterprises, will help to increase the value and profitability of organizations, develop the products, improve services, makes leaning faster and provide potential to increase initiatives in private and public businesses (Brian, Janz, Pattarawan Prasarnphanich 2003). The role of knowledge management in competitive advantage of enterprises is not deniable, therefore knowledge management act as a strategic authorization for most organizations (Sang, 2002). The current global recession indicates that the Knowledge Economy (use of knowledge management to produce economic benefits as well as job creation) is the main key of future economy (Eurac, Bolzano, Bozen 2009).

As one of the main reason of employing knowledge management is increasing the profitably of enterprises therefore more and more organizations will be reforming themselves with the trading their knowledge to add even higher value, mostly on the World Wide Web (Brent Ritchie 2010).

Even some progressive advance organizations already started to develop and apply the knowledge they have about their industry, customers, partners and stakeholders, as they consider it as their major strategic asset, and look at it at the most important element in the value chain(Jessop 2009).

Second assignment :

Importance of Knowledge sharing in Bosco:

Approach of knowledge sharing as an idea is very smart and it delivers so many prospects for businesses that should not be ignored. It is a mechanism that converts knowledge into business value. An effective knowledge sharing plan expects to assist projects and could support modernization and innovation and also help in considering markets and customers needs (Small, Sage 2006). It also helps organizations to expand their product and services along with growth of their vision and strategies (Small, Sage 2006)

Talent management

Talent management was not regarded as a goal in most companies until the McKinsey consultants came up with an insight into the importance of talent management to the success of organisations in their book: War for Talent in 1997. Since then talent management has come to gain worldwide recognition as a strategic success tool in organisations thus prompting practitioners and academicians to develop renewed vigour in along forgotten field.

 Dufficy (52) argues that this also marked the beginning of a paradigm shift from the traditional HRM methods to inclusion of human characteristics in the race for competitive advantage; on the other hand this has prompted companies to adopt practices aligned to strategic management to address the emerging initiatives facing the general managers of the organisations on behalf of the company owners while ensuring that the talents of the company’s employees are not wasted but utilised in ways geared at the overall success of the organisation. On the other hand argues that the target is an efficient utilisation of the employee’s talents for the purpose of enhancing the performance of the organisation in the context of external environment. The preliminary steps towards the realisation of the intended goals relates to the alignment of the corporate mission, the vision as well as the general objectives of the organisation, followed by the development of plans together with policies in the form of projects as well as programs whose design is tailored towards the achievements of the intended objectives. Companies may employ some of the best practices in talent management in their search for organisational success.

 The performance of the organisations in the process of implementation of the best practices in talent management is usually subjected to the balanced scorecard for the purpose of evaluation of the business progress towards reaching at the anticipated objectives.  

According to Dufficy (62), talent management may therefore be defined as processes and activities aimed at identification of the key factors that contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage in an organisation by developing a talent pool of high performing individuals in the organisation. Organisations should develop a differentiated human resource plan geared at identifying, training and developing high performing employees to enhance their commitment to the organisation for sustainability and corporate advantage.

 Most organisations are having various activities aimed at talent management that are done under the banner of “implementation of talent management  strategies,” have become vague whether implementation of the strategies still has a particular core concept, as envisioned by the key founders of the concept who explains that the main purpose of an organisation is to remain in business, in order to promote its stability and produce products or services that satisfy customers as noted by Dufficy (1998. 71). Employees are the back bone of organisations so managing their unique characters can be utilised towards ensuring that the organisation maintains a competitive edge over other organisations.

Organisations in which their employees are unhappy and cannot get happy should not exist. Implementation of the strategies is founded on four integrated assumptions, which are quality, employees, organisations and the duty of top management. Implementation of talent management strategies requires that all top managers formulate clear and noticeable quality values as well as high expectations, which must be incorporated into the organisation’s culture. This is only possible if they are personally committed and take a greater participation in the whole process.

hird assignment:

2. 4. IT and Employee Training

Part of the core tasks of HRM entails the orientation and training of newly engaged employees (Alavi & Leidner, 2001) or known as knowledge management. Organizations adopt various strategies in achieving this objective, for instance the findings of a study carried out by Laudon and Laudon (2003) on the impact of Executive Information System (EIS) in an organization’s strategic planning indicated that organizations derive a substantial part of their competitive edge from how best they manage information. In essence, the creation of information, storage, protection, as well as putting such information into active use is a critical facet of EIS (Daniels, 2007). Apparently, these processes of managing information can only be made a reality through a highly unified and interactive IT system capable of tackling the day-to-day performance of an organization and presenting such data in meaningful forms to line managers as well as the HRM experts in an organization to enable for strategic planning and normal decision-making purposes (Choo, 1991).

Such integrative endeavors can be enhanced through the application of the tenets of HRM as well as sound knowledge management (KM) practices that are espoused by IT practices (Turk, & Jaklic, 1998). Since it has been advanced that employees’ morale is boosted by the use of modern IT tools (Skyrme, 1998), organizations can Endeavour to create positive and productive environments that will positively stimulate their employees and reinforce positive advancement of worthwhile skills and knowledge towards the achievement of the set objectives. Literally, how information and knowledge flows from one employee to another in an organization determines the overall productivity of an organization (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). No doubt a purposive integration of the best HRM and IT practices can elicit potentially rewarding results at the organizational level.

A fair number of existing studies support the importance of managing knowledge at the organizational level (Chen & Huang, 2007; Daniels, 2007; Tokar et al. 2007; Wang & Noe, 2010). This is an indicator that the concept of managing knowledge and/or information is not new at the organizational level. Indeed the practices of compiling information, and storing it in a manner that it can be easily retrieved and transmitted has a far reaching history, nonetheless, it is fair to assert that the knowledge-based management of information is precisely a contemporary practice. As a matter of fact, (Alavi & Leidner, 2001) assert that practices such as transfer of worthwhile organizational practices, knowledge audits, benchmarking, as well as personnel development and appraisal drills are all new practices allied to knowledge management. Both Rotter (1945) and Bandura (1977) in their respective advancements in social learning theory opine that, for learning to take place there must be an impulse behind it. In an organizational context these impulses comes in the form of sound knowledge management practices that enhances positive stimulation, reinforcements as well as the desire to want to excel as some else (colleague) did (Owen, 2001).

On his part, Skyrme (1998) opines that knowledge management plays a core role in keeping the acquired knowledge relevant to organizational challenges. This is very crucial to HRM given that organizational challenges are dynamic and diversified – rigid HRM departments are incapable of meeting contemporary organizational challenges. Modern IT equipments and services ensure that employees are imparted with new and versatile knowledge strands that can be applied in a variety of situations.

Perhaps to understand the application of information creation and management practices in a HRM context it is better to look at it deeply from a social learning theory. In his book Social Learning Theory, Bandura (1977) offers that for the process of learning to take-off successfully there must be sufficient and purposive attention to what is being observed. Such attention and leads to the actualization, retaining, remembrance, and ultimately the comprehension of what has been learned. Apparently, this can only be achieved if the acquired knowledge is put into active use and most importantly if real-time efforts are made to ensure that there are clear motives for engaging in a learning activity. For example, employees should have good reasons for engaging in collaborative activities at the workplace for them to learn the spirit of teamwork – maybe because such collaborative activities make work easier or even induce meaning to specific tasks. In this regard, employees should be made to yearn to fit into their organizational environments by learning the basic skills and knowledge inherent in the performance of the specific tasks entrusted to them. When utilized well, IT tools and services can certainly impart these skills and knowledge among the employees, through the employment of a barrage of work-specific bonding sessions, training workshops, constant evaluation of employee performance to identify their strong and weak areas.

8. References

Brent Ritchie J. R. (2010). Impacts of the World Recession and Economic Crisis on Tourism: North America. Journal of Travel Research

Brian D. Janz, Pattarawan Prasarnphanich 2003.

Understanding the Antecedents of Effective Knowledge Management: The Importance of a Knowledge Centred Culture. Decision Sciences. 32 (2), 351-384.

British Hospitality Association official website

Date of last visit 13 March 2012

http://www.bha.org.uk/2010/10/12/hospitality-industry-is-uks-fifth-largest-employer-2/Dines (2008). Nick .The Effect of the Recession on the Hotel Sector. Tourisem Insights.

Eurac, Bolzano, Bozen . (2009). the effects of the financial and economic crisis on tourism activities . WFO. 1 (1), 4-14.

Jessop 2009. David. Mitigating the effects on tourism of recession. BBC Caribbean.com. Sang M. Lee 2002 .An enterprise wide knowledge management system infrastructure, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 Iss: 1, pp.17 – 25

Small Cynthia T, Sage Andrew P (2006). Knowledge management and knowledge sharing: A review . ISO Press.

Swanborn (2010). Peter .Case Study Research. London: SAGE. 12-35.

Tobin (2009). Lucy. Hotel bankruptcies soaring on recession, study says. London Evening Standard 27July.

Yang and Wan (2004). The effect of knowledge management resource inputs on organizational effectiveness in the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. 1 (2), 174-189.

Zainal (2007). Zaidah. Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan bil.

Dufficy, M. ‘The empowerment audit – measured improvement, Industrial and

Commercial Training’. London, OUP 1998.

RSW1126-04

Fintech Set Up

Student’s Name

Course Code and Number

Instructor’s Name

Date of Submission

Executive summary

The latest advancements and quick expansion of new banking and finance by financial technology (Fintech) businesses has compelled financial institutions to pursue operational innovation to maintain a sustainable competitive edge in their respective industries. They are often non-financial organizations that offer cutting-edge financial services to their clients. The purpose of this paper is set up an autonomous division of a multinational bank that will compete in the disruptive Fintech revolution. From a managerial standpoint, the paper will critically assess different concepts that are essential to make the autonomous division successful.

Introduction

Fintech, a hybrid concept that integrates the words “finance” and “technology,” refers to the combination of finance with developing technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data, among other things. User-friendly financial services like mobile money services, crowdsourcing, peer-to-peer lending and borrowing, insurance, and management of wealth are made available as a result of this pairing. Rapid progress in information technology, along with the subprime crisis of 2008, produced a protracted worldwide economic slump. Because of this, governments throughout the globe are aggressively supporting the adoption of a new financial paradigm, which has led in the formation of a slew of Fintech businesses with examples of firms such as JD Finance, Kabbage, Ant Financial, LendingClub, OnDeck, and Apple Pay.

Innovation to Enhance competitiveness

New Customer Interaction

Customers’ participation in value co-creation is emphasized in the new customer interaction, which also highlights that innovation is developed via engagements between financial service providers and the consumers.

New Business Partners

The utilization of associate’s assets and resources by an organisation to create innovative services may be characterized as the creation of new business associates. The notion of co-opetition was presented by Brandenburger and Nalebuff, who underlined that firms that adopt the co-opetition method should integrate one another’s fundamental advantages while competing to establish new opportunities in order to succeed.

New Revenue Models

The development of new revenue models is concerned with the institutional changes that are required to support service innovation. To do this, an effective method to distributing objectives, sharing expenses, and generating profits must be adopted.

Technological Innovation

Financial and technological innovation are intertwined, and the use of new technologies to enhance the effectiveness of financial services while also reducing expenses and controlling risks are at the forefront of technological innovation.

To attain the aforementioned competitive initiatives, there are management aspects that ought to be enhanced such as leadership, human resource management and change management.

Leadership

Fintech technologies provide clients with tailored and interactive services, as well as having progressive-minded executives is a vital success component in achieving success. Organizations that want to take advantage of the digital disruption of financial services require executives that have a progressive attitude and foresight in order to give workable responses to new business issues and opportunities.

Human Resource Management

Emerging requirements and issues concerning the management of human resources in a technological environment have impacted practically every business, but there is a particularly pressing issue in the financial sector. The advent of FinTech pushes human resource managers to sift through the most effective strategies that would welcome innovation while still encouraging employees to strive for personal growth. Furthermore, because technology is at the heart of these organizations, human resources must stay up with contemporary Human resource management practices as well as platforms when it comes to attracting, motivating, and keeping employees. Technology development is one of the most significant new issues in human resource management.

Change management

In the financial business, change management has risen to emerge as among the most significant subjects to discuss. For some years, the market situation for banks and financial firms has been experiencing significant transformation. Organization s in the financial industry face significant problems as a result of the low interest rate environment, increased regulatory requirements, continuous digitization, and the rapid expansion of the fintech industry.

Conclusion

References

The world economy is influenced by both economic and no-economic factors (Schumpeter, 2017),

Finance

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Course Title

Date

The world economy is influenced by both economic and no-economic factors (Schumpeter, 2017), and therefore there is a need to keep a check on all the aspects that may affect the growth of the economy. Various non-economic factors are responsible for the increase or the fall of the economy of different countries around the globe. Some of these factors include; war, corruption, political instability, technology, government laws and regulations, education as well as innovations and training.

War is one of the factors that lead to the decline of peace within a nation or even the overall world peace and thus have a direct effect on the growth of the world economy (Duffield, 2014). Peace is deemed to be one of the major factors that encourage investments and as well favors trade between nations. With the disruption of peace, there will be tensions within the globe that will discourage investments and trade as well. Political stability, on the other hand, contributes to peace, and therefore political stability should be encouraged within nations to ensure their prosperity in business and the overall economy (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016).

Corruption is directly related to the decline of the economic growth of a country because the money and resources that are deemed for development are pocketed by individuals, and therefore development is left to lag behind. The slow progress of the country discourages investment leading to low injections to the country’s economy. Technology, on the other hand, influences the mode of production, as well as the provision of services and therefore the more improved the technology, is the easier the production and service delivery.

Government laws and regulations play a significant role in the growth of an economy. Favorable laws and policies attract investments especially when there are subsidies for the provision of services. The development of regulations that favor business such as less taxation encourages investments contributing to higher production and the overall increase in the GDP of the country. Education and training equip the people with the necessary skills for the establishment of businesses. Innovations leads to the development of new technologies as well as the production of new types of goods and services that lead to the satisfaction of people’s needs and therefore for the fulfillment of human needs, creativity and innovation leads to the development of entrepreneurship to which increase the business ventures and the overall GDP of a country (Acs, Szerb, & Lloyd, 2017).

References

Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., & Lloyd, A. (2017). The global entrepreneurship and development index. In Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2017 (pp. 29-53). Springer, Cham.

Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2016). Political credibility and economic development. Springer.

Duffield, M. (2014). Global governance and the new wars: the merging of development and security. Zed Books Ltd..

Schumpeter, J. A. (2017). Theory of economic development. Routledge.

The case-based learning solution

Final Topic

Presented by

Institution

Introduction

Knowledge of learning theories is fundamental to all leaders who want to be successful in their businesses. The following is a design of a case-based learning solution for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theory. Most people who own businesses have an urge to learn and understand how to effectively manage a business but lack the necessary learning materials and tools. On the other hand, technology has created a lot of impact on every aspect of modern life. Computers are currently used to control every daily operation. The excessive use of technology in all aspects of life has made many people miss some basic educational needs because they have low technology level (Tainio, Lilja & Santalainen, 2003). This case-based learning solution will take care of all people in the society irrespective of their understanding of technology to enable them complete the learning theory course effectively.

The case-based learning solution

Demonstration of theory and practice

A learning organization presents many and diverse methods of gathering and managing knowledge. Most organizations make an assumption on learning theories arguing that the context of what is contained in a learning lesson is connected to the fundamental of the theory (Lane 2001). The outcomes, objectives and goals of learning should be directed towards clear understanding of learning theories. When designing a learning solution for leaders, one should consider several factors. Firstly, the technology level of an individual is of great importance. Not all people are computer literate therefore; the lessons created should use other means of presenting ideas apart from the computer. In most circumstances, MS word and PowerPoint are used for designing most lessons but in cases where the leaders’ technology level is low, hand written charts could serve well. Cognitive learning theory and research gives a better solution on how to design instructions that enhances leader-learning skills. Based on the educational level of the learner, the cognitive learning theory provides a learner with an opportunity to learn something new and the new approaches towards attaining the learning objectives.

Secondly, the learning solution should demonstrate design theory and practice. The lessons should be designed in way that they not only cover the content on the learning theory and design but also focuses on its application. Learning theory in practice enables leaders to demonstrate high levels of understanding and make use of that knowledge in running organizations. The instructor’s goal will be to understand the demands of the topic sand the needs of a learner in order to offer a learning experience that gives the learner an opportunity to excel in life. Education forms the primary method of social progress and reform. The experience acquired in learning has a lot of impact in the social life of a leader and helps to bring about changes in a society. According to Constructivism theory, a learner’s personal understanding comes from the knowledge gained in a learning process facilitated by using appropriate learning activities and good environment (Kim, 2005).

Learning tools

As discussed above, this is the development of a learning program for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theories. Various tools aid in the learning process although, the tools used on this context should consider the technology level of learners. Technology forms an important part of the day to day live because it has revolutionized communication and learning patterns. Most learning lessons today are planned and written using high-tech materials introduced in the learning institutions. In addition, the business environment is extremely challenging today and leaders are using the upcoming innovations in making their boosting businesses. This creates a challenge to people who have low education level and are unable to utilize the modern technology. The following learning process will create a solution for such people since appropriate tools will be used in teaching them. To ensure learners get home the taught lessons, various tools such as charts, demonstrations, and video presentations will be used. In cases where MS word and PowerPoint presentation is used, an instructor will be available to guide learners on how to use the computers (Lawrence, 2003).

Outcome

On the other hand, the outcome of the learning process should be substantial and effective to leaders. Learning theories play a great role in shaping the life of leaders in terms of making them realize various opportunities found in the business world. The outcome of the teaching process should give learners enough competence to be able to develop their businesses and people. After learning, leaders should be able to accomplish the following. Firstly, the leader should be in a position to make an observation and learn from it. This process makes use of the skills and knowledge acquired in class to understand various aspects of an organization through observation. Secondly, the learner’s social behavior should change whereby; the environment plays a significant role in the change. Behavior change is measured by performances of individuals through display of learned tasks (Means, 2009).

Length of learning

The length of the learning process depends on the capacity of a leader to understand the theories being taught. Most leaders today whose technology levels are low can attend a learning theory class until they gain whatever they need irrespective of the time taken. The class time for each theory class will be commanded by the understanding level of a leader. In most cases involving non-learning leaders, lessons are determined by the level of understanding. In order to ensure learners achieve the objectives and goals of learning, the following steps are necessary. In addition, learners will be evaluated to determine how well they cope with the learning and highlight learning theories that require more time to teach. Moreover, the instructors will make use of several deliverables that describe how the learning process will be carried out. The participants manual and instructors manual will be designed to assist leaders in learning and save the instructor’s time for explanations. Where slides are used, several examples will be demonstrated to enable learners get every content of the learning theory.

First, only learning theories that are easier to implement will be applied first. Eventually, other theories will be introduced as time goes on. This step encourages and promotes learner’s outcome as they develop more learning skills. Secondly, secondly, the learners’ evaluation will be carried out when the mind is fresh. This should take place probably in the morning hours. The evaluation will assist the instructor in determining theories that worked, those that did not work, and areas needing additional teaching.

Conclusion

Design of a case-based learning solution for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theories is a hard task requiring a lot of input and resources. Non-learning leaders possess low levels of education and take long to absorb a point making it difficult to plan their lessons. From the above plan, several factors have been considered in designing the case-based learning solution. These are the intended audience, the level of technology, demonstration of design theory and practice, tools, outcomes, and length of learning.

References

 Kim. (2005). “The Effects of a Constructivist Teaching Approach on Student Academic Achievement, Self-Concept, and Learning Strategies”. Asia Pacific Education Review 6 (1): 7–19.

Lawrence, T. A. (2003). Challenges of Teaching with Technology Across the Curriculum: Issues

and Solutions. London: Information Science.

Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning theories, A to Z. Westport, Conn.: Oryx Press.

Mearns, J. (2009). Social learning theory. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of

human relationships (vol. 3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 1537-1540.

Tainio, R, Lilja, K., & Santalainen, T. J. (2003). In M. Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I.

Nonaka (Eds.), Handbook of organizational leadership and knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 428-445.

Part One The Infographic (40 points)

Final Project: Pulling It All Together

Infographic Due: March 26rd (On Canvas)

Annotations Due: April 2nd (On Canvas)

Rough Draft Due: April 9th (Paper Copy)

Final Draft Due: April 23rd (Paper Copy)

Part One: The Infographic (40 points)

Choose a broad subject you’re genuinely interested in; e.g., baseball, genetics, skateboarding, polygamy, sheep farming, gangster T.V. shows. It doesn’t need to be a traditionally “academic” discipline.

Look for three quotes from experts and three data points that you can use to acquaint someone with the basics of your subject. A data point is a fact that involves numbers/statistics. To take mafia television shows as an example, data points could include: the pilot episode of the mafia show Boardwalk Empire cost $18 million dollars to make, and one third of all Hong Kong residents have seen John Woo’s triad film A Better Tomorrow. These points help show what a big business gangster media is.

Use this data to create an infographic that serves to introduce someone to your subject. You will be graded on 1) if you use three expert quotes and three data points, 2) if you represent these data points visually, and 3) use of other visual elements we go over in class.

Part Two: The Annotations (0 Points, but They Will Help You A LOT!)

Do some general research on EBSCO and Google to see what more specific questions people are currently debating within the subject you did your infographic on. For example, if you’re interested in gangster T.V. shows, current questions include: why mafia crimes don’t horrify Americans the way serial killings do, racism and misogyny in gangster television shows, how Snowfall compares to previous shows about organized crime, why gangster T.V. shows in China induce nostalgia in their viewers, and why are gangsters so often portrayed as heroes.

When you’ve found a question you think is interesting, run it by Kate.

Do annotations (see below for what that means) for eight sources that will help you answer your question. Four of these sources must be scholarly; the rest can be either credible or scholarly.

Part Three: The Essay (Rough Draft: 40 Points, Final Draft: 200 Points)

Write an 8-10 page, MLA- or APA-style essay arguing the solution to your research question from Part Two. You must use at least eight sources, four of which must be scholarly.

I encourage (but am not requiring you) to use first-person experiences and personal sources (so long as they’re credible) in this essay like you did in your first two essays.

How to Do Annotations

For each source on your topic you must:

Cite the source in MLA format (see the MLA Works Cited sheet in the Essay #2 module)

Write 3-4 sentences briefly summarizing the source, and explaining how you intend to use it in your second essay. You may use first-person.

Give two direct quotes from the source that you think you can use in your essay. You may also give text you want to paraphrase as well.

Rose, Mike. “Blue Collar Brilliance.” They Say/I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic

Writing. 2nd ed. Eds. Gerald Graff, Kathy Birkenstein, and Russel Durst. W. W. Norton & Co., New York: 2012. Print. Pgs. 243-255.

In this article from 2009, UCLA education professor Mike Rose argues that blue collar jobs in industries like food service and manufacturing are just as intellectually demanding as they are physically exhausting. He uses his mother and uncle (both life-long blue collar workers) as his main examples. His conclusion is that Americans need to stop assuming those who do physical labor are less intelligent/use their brains less than those in other professions. I intend to use a quote from Rose to back up my claim that intellectual burnout is one of the biggest reasons behind the high turnover in the food service industry.

Quote 1: “Like anyone who is effective at physical work, my mother learned to work smart, as she put it, to make every move count. She’d sequence and group tasks: What could she do first, then second, then third as she circled through her station? What tasks could be clustered? She did everything on the fly, and when problems arose—technical or human—she solved them within the flow of work, while taking into account the emotional state of her co-workers. Was the manager in a good mood? Did the cook wake up on the wrong side of the bed? If so, how could she make an extra request or effectively return an order?”Quote 2: “Although writers and scholars have often looked at the working class, they have generally focused on the values such workers exhibit rather than on the thought their work requires—a subtle but pervasive omission. Our cultural iconography promotes the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps, but no brightness behind the eye, no image that links hand and brain.”

National Airspace System (NAS)

Final Project Presentation

Name of Student

Name of Institution

Final Project Presentation

From as early as the 1990s, all unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operate on tight limits within the National Airspace System (NAS). UAS has mainly been involved in public operations (that is, military and security) until quite recent. However, there is a growing list of other uses to which UAS can be put. These include communications, broadcast, aerial photography, monitoring environmental conditions, surveying land and crops, and protecting specific infrastructures. Through UAS, civil and public operators could find new ways of enhancing the nation’s aviation operations. This can be done through decreased costs and operational efficiency while NAS safety is kept intact.

The mission of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is to provide the world’s safest and most efficient aviation system. The United States is ahead of other countries primarily due to her infrastructure, commitment to excellence and safety, diversity of user groups, and the background of leadership and innovation. Currently, the FAA is working to come up with new systems and breed a culture that boosts efficiency, safety, reliability, environmental performance, and capacity within the aviation system (Luxhoj & Oztekin, 2009).

The Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Office was set up to facilitate safe and efficient integration of UAS to the NAS. To achieve this goal, FAA works together with several other stakeholders such as commercial vendors, manufacturers, technical standard organizations, industry trade associations, research and development centers, academic institutions, and governmental agencies. Eventually, the integration of the two systems must take place without driving down current capacity, affecting current operators negatively, hampering safety, and multiplying risks to users or persons on the ground more than other new forms of technology similarly integrated. Although significant steps have been taken towards integrating UAS and NAS, challenges and opportunities lie ahead (Dalamagkidis et al., 2008).

One of the major functions of FAA is to develop policy, regulations, guidance material, procedures, and training requirements that support efficient and safe UAS operations within NAS, while working together with relevant agencies and departments to solve such concerns as national security and privacy. UAS currently access airspace upon receiving Certificates of Authorization (COA) to those operating publicly while civil applicants require special airworthiness certificates. This state of regulations will transition to intense integration processes when revised operating rules and procedures are enforced in a manner that UAS can comply with. There is a proven certification process under the auspices of FAA, which include the establishment of special conditions whenever new and technologies are involved. The process will be useful in the evaluation of items to which UAS is not familiar. For NAS segments that have demanding requirements of communication, surveillance performance, and navigation, it will be necessary for UAS to demonstrate its capacity to meet such requirements.

Collision Avoidance Sensor Technology

Despite evidence that collision avoidance technology is a factor extensively outside the visual sight level, much research has gone into collision avoidance sensors using passive and active technology in equal measure. The industry has put more focus on electro-optical, acoustic and microwave sensors. These sensor types each have strengths and weaknesses. No sensor is capable of replacing the eyes of the pilot completely (Watts et al., 2012). For instance, active light-imaging and ranging (LIDAR) use lasers. These makes them have a greater range compared to radars, but are capable of blinding approaching pilots.

SARA, Inc. has developed other passive acoustic sensors. The sensors have certain over human pilots. For instance, they are capable of detecting non-cooperative aircraft approaching from all directions. In addition, they have greater light range and are less costly. According to the test results of UASs fitted with these sensors, there was early detection that gave enough time to maneuver in cases of head-on collisions and loud background noise. The weakness of these sensors is that they can only detect noisy aircrafts (Watts et al., 2012). This means that balloons and gliders cannot be detected.

If appropriate sensors are matched, it is possible to create an excellent system of collision detection. For instance, PANCAS could be combined with system of electrooptical (camera) to surmount challenges of detecting noiseless aircrafts. Sensors have strengths and weaknesses. The strength of one sensor could be used to replace the weakness of another sensor. Evidence has proven that it could be advantageous to combine sensors on the basis of relative strengths.

Industry Collision Avoidance Demonstrations

Despite the tests that have gone into industry sensors, there have been rare actual flight demonstrations. The long delay and bureaucracy in obtaining FAA approval and scarcity of funds have made it difficult for businesses to demonstrate avoidance technology. In 2003, NASA demonstrated a number of civil avoidance capabilities using a Proteus aircraft. They depended on satellite and radar to relay information. However, the very expensive equipment were used in these tests. Some of the radar units were too heavy to be used in small UASs to detect incoming aircrafts (Huaj and Narayanan, 2011).

Using its PANCAS system, SARA, Inc. successfully conducted a ground simulation test and obtained positive results. Upon being subjected to acoustic signatures from a different aircraft, the PANCAS system could detect and avoid the source of these signatures in a consistent manner by making a simple turn to the right. A number of companies such as the L-3 Communications and AAI Corporation have obtained special experimental airworthiness certificates, which permit them to conduct development tests. Future experiments are likely to provide FAA with additional data for improving collision avoidance technology. The data, however, will be gathered slowly due to the relatively few number of companies using UASs commercially that have been granted certificates from FAA (Huaj & Narayanan, 2011).

Defense Research

Despite the applicability of much defense research to commercial UASs, priority has been given to UAS performance by the military. On the other hand, businesses wishing to become part of NAS are focusing more on safety. On the contrary, there has been increased reliability of UAS due to their increased performance. Statistics have documented decrease in UAS mishaps with increase in hours of flight. Humans cause most of the errors in UAS mishaps (Watts et al., 2012).

There is a strong case for integrating UAS to NAS. Although military UAS primarily focus on performance, they have nonetheless attained the safety level characteristic of manned military aircraft. Moreover, most UAS are designed in a way enabling them to perform in dangerous conditions. This contributes to the high rates of mishaps. Considering that the commercial UAS industry is putting more focus on safety, expectations are high that the industry could reach the manned aircraft safety fast enough if guided by standard-based regulation. Moreover, most commercial UASs will operate on platforms tested and proven previously by military use.

Extensive investment in UAS technology development is being undertaken by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) due to the increasing demand for UAS emission scenarios. Presently, the DoD is financing efforts in autonomy, communication systems, and pilot training. Moreover, the DoD has put up certain standards and adopted the ASTM International’s F-2411standard of sense and avoid to help in efficient procurement of UASs worldwide and meet the goals and specifications of performance (Watts et al., 2012). The data and technology research carried out by DoD has influenced the commercial UAS industry hugely.

Anticipated Industry Challenges

A number of economic and industry challenges are hampering UAS use commercially. Possibly, the biggest barrier is the absence of appropriate definition for the restricted class of UASs, which offers fast, but limited access to operations. The process of getting certification to conduct experiments is a lengthy one and designed to standalone exceptions (Rango & Laliberte, 2010). Absence NAS usage particularly in low risk situations, the industry has managed to gather data to minimize the high costs of insurance, demonstrate systems reliability, and display UAS advantages. The associated high costs of insurance further eat into research funds and data collection. For instance, 24% of NASA tests operation costs goes to insurance.

Conclusion

Detect and avoid engineering solutions are necessary for UAS successful operation. Fatal accidents could arise leading to loss of lives and damage to property if these solutions are not implemented effectively. This paper has explored the need to integrate UAS into NAS because the two systems are interdependent. Before such integration can be done, UAS technology should be efficient enough to reduce mishaps to the lowest level possible or eliminate the same altogether. This paper has proposed the swapping of weaknesses with strengths of sensors, for instance, to produce an all-round effective sensing technique.

References

Dalamagkidis, K., Valavanis, K. P. and Piegl, L. A. (2008). On unmanned aircraft systems

issues, challenges and operational restrictions preventing integration into the National Airspace System. Progress in Airspace Sciences, 44(7-8), 503-519.

Dalamagkidis, K., Valavanis, K. P. and Piegl, L. A. (2008). Current Status and Future

Perspectives for Unmanned Aircraft System Operations in the US. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 52(2), 313-329

Huang, M. and Narayanan, R. M (2011). Non-cooperative collision avoidance concept for

Unmanned Aircraft System using satellite-based radar and radio communication. Digital Avionics Systems Conference.Luxhoj, J. T. and Oztekin, A. (2009). A Regulatory-Based Approach to Safety Analysis of

Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, (539), 564-573.

Rango, A. and Laliberte, A. S. (2010). Impact of flight regulations on effective use of unmanned

aircraft systems for natural resources applications. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 4(1), 043359

Watts, A. C., Ambrosia, V. G. and Hinkley, E. A. (2012). Unmanned Aircraft Systems in

Remote Sensing and Scientific Research: Classification and Considerations of Use. Remote Sensing, 4(6), 1671-1692