Blog

Some Things can wait, but the House Foundation Should be Repaired Right Away

Foundation RepairSome Things can wait, but the House Foundation Should be Repaired Right Away

Normally, foundation problems are because of moisture. Typically, soil expands when it gets wet and contract when it dries out, and these kinds of movement will cause the base of the building to shift. In seismic areas, this problem is compounded because the movements of the earth increases the instability of the soil. It is important to make sure that any issue with you foundation is repaired as soon as possible to avoid base from getting worse; urgent attention is needed to stop the damage from spreading. If left unattended to, it can lead to costly repairs not to forget that, it is a safety hazard. Make sure that you hire professional foundation repair contractors to work on the problem; they have the right skills, and tools and equipment to carry out the task in the right way.

Evidence of foundation problems is normally apparent in the interior and the exterior of the building, as well as in the base itself and the ground around the house. There are many reasons why you should not ignore any problem with the base of your house. To start with, your home could collapse anytime. Though this does not happen often, without any doubt, it is a tragedy has happened and claimed many lives. The foundation supports thousands of pounds. So, if it has a great deal of damage, it cannot support the structures above. This may cause bricks or chunks of veneer to fall off, and this is bad for the safety of your family. However, you can protect yourself and your family from these extreme conditions by not waiting to repair any foundation problems your home may have.

Foundation problems also manifest by ugly cracks that form either in bricks or sheetrock. These cracks often form around windows and doors and cause these structures to malfunction. Some of the faulty things that you will notice with these structures if the foundation is damaged include doors that drag or stick and windows that stick or won’t open at all. Besides this affecting the aesthetic value of your house, it can cause more repairs and costs that must be dealt with as time goes on.

Fixing foundation problems helps you protect the resale value of your home. No one wants to buy a home that has a foundation problem. You do not want your biggest investment be compromised or destroyed. Also, cracks and spaces can become a haven for insects and rodents. Call a professional foundation repair specialist to assess your problem and make a plan to fix it.

There has been a long-existing history of expert scientific witnesses serving in court

Forensic Science

Name:

Institution:

Date:

Forensic

There has been a long-existing history of expert scientific witnesses serving in court. The late eighteenth century gave rise to what people see as a modern expert witness, which was something awkward and contentious. In the early days of the eighteenth century, our modern eyes would recognize the English court, but barely. The judge could actively question the witnesses, but for the attorneys, they were marginally involved. For the accused, they had to represent themselves. Toward the end of that century, there were some changes as judges saw their power reduced to a neutral referee, and the new stars of the courts were the attorneys as they took control of the trial processes. At that time, scientists were regarded as gentlemen and active members of elite groups who concentrated much on grooming their image as opposed to making some ridiculous sums of money. Perhaps, this could be the reason why scientists were allowed to make testimonials even in the proceedings that did not concern them, and by then, any slight mistake automatically disqualified someone as a witness. Scientists we regarded as both independent and disinterested body who took their time to find out who considered themselves to be above the law. What surprises me is how those scientists were deemed to be righteous. They, too, are human beings, and they can make mistakes and, at the same time, hold some conflict of interest.

Expert witnesses take part in pleadings and discovery preparation. They may also review the completeness and technical consistency based on requests and integrity. Before trial, experts help in the development of demonstrative charts, exhibits, tests, among others. It is a prerequisite before the hearing to test any demonstration. During the trial or hearing, the expert witnesses are examined their credentials through summoning by the court attorneys. In essence, experts are required to present their academic qualifications, training, and relevant experiences as a prerequisite to qualify to obtain the right to speak on your examined evidence authoritatively. Considering all the parties involved during a court trial, the expert witnesses are the only ones under oath. It means that anyone could lie to them intentionally or unintentionally on the basis that they promised to be truthful. At the trial, testimonials are always crucial and should be taken with much emphasis, more precisely, the inconsistent testimonies between deposition and trial. As an expert witness, one is reprimanded only to speak the truth and organize trial testimonials by analyzing the case and your work effort. One speaks naturally, clearly, and slowly, and by any chance, experts should not be overwhelmed by their emotions. What comes as a surprise for me is the fact that too much is expected from the expert attorneys.

A person or group values are referred to as ethics. It often sounds preachy or strident whenever statements of ethical behavior arise. The bottom line, what grooms or ruins a reputation, is the response toward ethical behavior. The criminal justice system serves to improve the quality of services it offers to the society at large as opposed to tricking expert witnesses serving to try to help in resolving the disputes. Some unethical expert witnesses may cook report and present it to the court based on what ought to be professional findings and research. Still, in the real sense, the work represented is not their findings. At times, courts always have to deal with manipulated or somewhat falsified data supporting the presupposed expert evidence. In the emergence of crucible cross-examination in the court, the most appropriate decision is to exclude the expert testimony. On numerous occasions, expert witnesses show their lack of professional knowledge and competence in rendering the opinions that are sought. In such situations, the expert testimonials are discounted on the basis that they lack sufficient weight to be regarded as persuasive.

Reference

Houck, M. M., Funk, C., & Feder, H. (2018). Successful Expert Testimony. CRC Press.

Institution (2)

Ford

Student’s Name

Institution

Ford

Question 1

Fords are detailed in its assessment of the diverse consumer market. It achieves this objective by creating diverse markets in all its customer groups through the use of segments. The company carefully studies the trends in all consumer groups ranging from the young the old and developing products which suit their needs.

Ford’s approach to understanding the roles that affect the buying decisions involves an in-depth study of the trends on political issues, technological issues, or economic changes that affect the buyer’s decision. Ford then uses this information to plan for those changes through developing innovations.

Question 2

The psychological influence behind the creation of the Ford pass is intended to have two varied impact for the customers and no customers. For the customers, Ford intends to show that It is committed to offering convenient services for its loyal customers. To the non-customers, Ford is using it as a marketing tool, which indicates that Ford is accommodating, and one doesn’t need to be a member’s toe enjoy its benefits. The introduction of the Ford pass psychologically triggers the consumer to develop trust on the products offered by Ford as well as loyal due to their innovativeness, and concern for the preferences of the consumer.

Question 3

Sheryl Connelly’s research is likely to prove influential at the third stage of the consumer by the decision process. The stage involves the evaluation of alternatives. At this stage, a consumer seeking to purchase an automobile will be weighing up their options. Knowing that Ford does research on consumer trends and also makes an effort to design their products to suit the consumers may help to sway the decision of the buyer towards purchasing Ford.

Leadership and Management Final Paper

Fitchburg State University

Department of NursingLeadership and Management Final Paper

Part I due Week XII by midnight on day of classGuidelines/Grading Rubric

Provide a one to two paragraph introduction which identifies the problem, and how it impacts nursing, nursing care, patient outcomes or your role as a nursing student. Include some background information about the topic: Is this a new problem/concern? Is it an ongoing QI project? Is it a concern you identified? Was identified by your preceptor? This will inform the reader of the problem, and then you will provide more background information to “set the stage” for the problem.

Briefly (one paragraph) and anonymously describe the practicum agency. Include whether it is an acute care setting, long term care, community hospital, magnet hospital or teaching hospital. Provide a description of the care area (e.g. PACU), number of beds (e.g. 10), staff composition (e.g. one nurse manager, one nurse educator, 10 RNs, 3 LPNs, 10 UAPs etc.), staff distribution by shifts (e.g. shift lengths and number of nurses per shift), and when possible indicate the staff’s educational level.

Describe your role in the practicum setting. Do not provide a list of the technical skills you perform, rather, identify how you function in this nursing student role. Perhaps identify how you and you nurse receive report, identify which patients you care for, and how you go about planning and implementing this care. Since there are diverse practicum settings, this will be a good opportunity to reflect upon your accomplishments in this expanded student nurse role.

Briefly analyze and describe the power structure (formal & informal) and leadership and/or management style(s) within your placement agency. Review the chapters in your leadership textbook, and use this book as a reference to support your analysis. The textbook will be listed on the reference list, as well as in text citations.Writing Guidelines:Begin this section of the paper with a title page (APA style). This section of the paper should be 2-3 pages in length, not counting title page and Reference page.

Each section (numbers 1-4) is worth 5 points and is graded on completeness. This is a total of 20 points.

Grammar, sentence structure, and writing style are graded within APA writing style and are worth 10 points.

This Assignment: Part I is worth 30 points (of a 100 point final exam).

Late submissions lose 5 point per day (of the maximum 30 points).

Results

First Name Last Name

Professor

English 1111 1111

1 Jan. 2111

Results

The LSC System must adjust to a budget cut and reduce their expenses. The college is trying to get rid of student services that students rarely use or students find wasteful. Our research must discover whether one student services should be removed, reduced, or preserved. So we decided to take a survey of twenty students of the LSC System and ask them face-to-face whether the LSC system should make the EDUC 1300 course mandatory, optional, or get rid of it. Getting rid of a requirement may reduce expenses of instructor salaries, but it may reduce school income.

We took a survey amongst twenty random students of the LSC-NH campus regarding EDUC 1300. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions in total which included nine closed questions and one open question. Our primary goal was to determine if students find the EDUC 1300 course beneficial or not and if it should be mandatory or not.

Should EDUC 1300 course be mandatory? Yes No

Number of Students 3 17

Should the LSC get rid of EDUC 1300 course? Yes No

Number of students 15 5

The above table indicates the result of questions 4 and 5 respectively. In response to question 4, we found out that out that almost all the students think that the EDUC 1300 course should not be mandatory. Also in response to question 5, most number of students suggests that the LSC system should get rid of the EDUC 1300 course if the LSC had a budget cut on any of the student services. These results were consistent with our expectations.

Would you recommend this course to someone else? Yes No

Number of Students 11 9

However, we found that even though most of the students didn’t like this course, they would still recommend this course to a friend or a relative. More than 50% stated they would recommend the course to someone else, because they think that this course would help students to be ready for college and get used to the educational environment in the college. We did not expect this result. We believe this discrepancy means that they know some students do benefit from the course and need a refresher in time management, budget management, and learning skills. In our experience, we have seen students need help with navigating online resources, which the course covers.

Learning fundamentals that were found beneficial Time Management Budget Management Learning Skills

Number of students 4 11 5

The above table indicates the result of question 7, where students were asked about which learning fundamentals they found beneficial while taking the course. We found out that more than 50% of the student think that Budget Management was more beneficial than Time Management and Learning Skills. When asked about why they think budget management was more beneficial, they suggested that since majority of the students start working at the age of 18-20, they could manage their money in effective ways and use them efficiently by using some Budget Management tips that they learned while taking the course. As for Time Management and Learning Skills, our group feels students think they already know what to do with time and studying, but we do acknowledge some students do not do what they know to do.

Rating the course from scale of 1-5 1

(Not beneficial) 2

(Less beneficial) 3

(moderately beneficial ) 4

(Beneficial) 5

(Very beneficial)

Number of Students 2 7 4 6 1

The above table indicates the result of question 6. The students were asked to rate the course from scale of 1-5 on basis of their experience from the class (1 being not beneficial and 5 being very beneficial). The results indicate that 45% rated the course less or not beneficial, and, 35% rated the course beneficial or very beneficial. It seems more students do no find the course beneficial. We also asked the students what was the worst part of EDUC 1300 course. Some students felt this course completely wasted their time and money because they already knew everything that was taught. Some of the students said that the class had too many reading and writing assignments, while some students said that the book was barely used for class purpose. But, at the end, almost all the students agreed that they got to learn at least one lesson in the course that benefitted them in some way.

After completing the result analysis, we found that even though most students didn’t like this course, they would still recommend this course to someone else, especially to those who want to get well versed with the college-level education. All they want is that this course should be made optional by the college rather than keeping it mandatory for all. Also, some students told that they would still take the EDUC 1300 course, even if it was optional, since they found it interesting because of activities. The results of the survey are quite interesting because even though many students didn’t like this course, almost all of them learned at least one thing from the course that proved useful for them.

RSW1126-04

Fintech Set Up

Student’s Name

Course Code and Number

Instructor’s Name

Date of Submission

Executive summary

The latest advancements and quick expansion of new banking and finance by financial technology (Fintech) businesses has compelled financial institutions to pursue operational innovation to maintain a sustainable competitive edge in their respective industries. They are often non-financial organizations that offer cutting-edge financial services to their clients. The purpose of this paper is set up an autonomous division of a multinational bank that will compete in the disruptive Fintech revolution. From a managerial standpoint, the paper will critically assess different concepts that are essential to make the autonomous division successful.

Introduction

Fintech, a hybrid concept that integrates the words “finance” and “technology,” refers to the combination of finance with developing technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, big data, among other things. User-friendly financial services like mobile money services, crowdsourcing, peer-to-peer lending and borrowing, insurance, and management of wealth are made available as a result of this pairing. Rapid progress in information technology, along with the subprime crisis of 2008, produced a protracted worldwide economic slump. Because of this, governments throughout the globe are aggressively supporting the adoption of a new financial paradigm, which has led in the formation of a slew of Fintech businesses with examples of firms such as JD Finance, Kabbage, Ant Financial, LendingClub, OnDeck, and Apple Pay.

Innovation to Enhance competitiveness

New Customer Interaction

Customers’ participation in value co-creation is emphasized in the new customer interaction, which also highlights that innovation is developed via engagements between financial service providers and the consumers.

New Business Partners

The utilization of associate’s assets and resources by an organisation to create innovative services may be characterized as the creation of new business associates. The notion of co-opetition was presented by Brandenburger and Nalebuff, who underlined that firms that adopt the co-opetition method should integrate one another’s fundamental advantages while competing to establish new opportunities in order to succeed.

New Revenue Models

The development of new revenue models is concerned with the institutional changes that are required to support service innovation. To do this, an effective method to distributing objectives, sharing expenses, and generating profits must be adopted.

Technological Innovation

Financial and technological innovation are intertwined, and the use of new technologies to enhance the effectiveness of financial services while also reducing expenses and controlling risks are at the forefront of technological innovation.

To attain the aforementioned competitive initiatives, there are management aspects that ought to be enhanced such as leadership, human resource management and change management.

Leadership

Fintech technologies provide clients with tailored and interactive services, as well as having progressive-minded executives is a vital success component in achieving success. Organizations that want to take advantage of the digital disruption of financial services require executives that have a progressive attitude and foresight in order to give workable responses to new business issues and opportunities.

Human Resource Management

Emerging requirements and issues concerning the management of human resources in a technological environment have impacted practically every business, but there is a particularly pressing issue in the financial sector. The advent of FinTech pushes human resource managers to sift through the most effective strategies that would welcome innovation while still encouraging employees to strive for personal growth. Furthermore, because technology is at the heart of these organizations, human resources must stay up with contemporary Human resource management practices as well as platforms when it comes to attracting, motivating, and keeping employees. Technology development is one of the most significant new issues in human resource management.

Change management

In the financial business, change management has risen to emerge as among the most significant subjects to discuss. For some years, the market situation for banks and financial firms has been experiencing significant transformation. Organization s in the financial industry face significant problems as a result of the low interest rate environment, increased regulatory requirements, continuous digitization, and the rapid expansion of the fintech industry.

Conclusion

References

This report includes some of the basic principles and conventions that must be adhered to while preparing the financial state

Financial Accounting

Name

Course

Course Instructor

Date

Table of Contents_______________________________________________________Page

1. Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………….2

2.1 Accrual Accounting……………………………………………………………………2

2.2 Going Concern…………………………………………………………………………3

3. Key Accounting Concepts and Conventions…………………………………………..4

4. Marks & Spencer’s treatment of PPE, Intangible assets and provisions……………5

5. Impact of Impairment on Marks & Spencer’s Finance Performance………………6

6. References………………………………………………………………………………..7

1. Executive Summary

This report includes some of the basic principles and conventions that must be adhered to while preparing the financial statements. It includes analysis and evaluation of some of the accounting practices and conventions. This report also analyses and evaluates some of the accounting practices in Marks & Spencer Plc.

2.1 Accrual Accounting

Accrual concept includes recognition of revenue when earned while expenses are only acknowledged when they are suffered or incurred. This accounting concept needs creation of an extra account that records the variance obtained from the difference between revenue and expenses recognized as well as reception or payments of cash. Accounts receivable is normally used in recording accrued incomes while deferred revenue account is used to record revenue not earned (Banerjee 2005, p. 4-5).

On the other hand, accrued expense account is used in recording expenses before payment of cash while deferred expense account is used in recording expenses after paying cash. This type of accounting concept is very expensive and that it is possible for the account to owe taxes on their income even before the cash is received. In marks & Spencer income is recognized when the products are sent to the customers and important risks and title incentives are shifted to the client. The deferred tax is accounted for after calculating it based on anticipated way of realization. The company also has trade receivables account and trade payables (Banerjee 2005, p. 4-5).

2.2 Going Concern

Going concern is regarded as one of the most important assumptions in accounting used in preparation of final accounts with an assumption that the business will continue to operate in the next foreseeable future. The company is expected to successfully settle their liabilities after realizing their assets. It is always upon the management of the company to check on the ability of the organization to continue doing business in the coming future. The accounts of Marks & Spencer are prepared in the basis of going concern and the directors are convinced that the company will be able to operate in the next future. The directors are very much concerned that there are no uncertainties that may interfere with the company’s operations in their future (Gibson 2012, p.11-12).

The company managed to make a profit of $458 as at March 2013 and positive cash and cash equivalents. The company’s current assets also exceed the current liabilities thus showing an element of going concern. The company is also in a position of paying out her dividends and financing The company will not likely to fail in its operations in the near future considering her statement of financial position and the consolidated income statement (Marks & Spencer 2013, p. 1-3). There are a number of indications of a going concern business which are not reflected in the financial statement of Marks & Spencer. Some of the dangerous signs indicating challenges of going concern are poor liquidity positions, high financial risk and delay in payments as well as serious litigations affecting the company. Marks & Spencer do not also have any indication of defaulting by one of their chief customers that may eventually affect her operations (Gibson 2012, p.11-12).

3. Key Accounting Concepts and Conventions

There are universal ways of presenting accounting information to the relevant parties. These conventions are very useful in doing away with inconsistency that may be experienced while recording accounting data. Relevance is one of the conventions that insist on disclosing only the information that is relevant as far as achievement of the business objective is concerned. Relevancy deals mostly with items whose nature and amount are significant in a way that they can influence the decision making process of the financial statement’s users. The convention may also be referred to as the materiality concept and is very important as it may greatly affect the accounting record and the nature of business (Weil, Schipper & Francis 2013, p. 24-25).

This accounting concept is very vital as it is based on anticipation of loss but not profit. It provides that income must not be overstated while preparing the books of accounts although any loss anticipated must be accounted for. It is important to include some anticipated losses such as discount on debtors, depreciation and creation for doubtful debt. The other convention is full disclosure concept which posits that all important substantial and pertinent facts regarding financial statements must be entirely revealed. Accounting information must be thorough, logical and appropriate. Financial statement should include detailed presentation of accounting information such as investors, accounts receivables, accounts payables and shareholders (Needles, Powers & Crosson 2011, p. 185-190).

Furthermore, there is objectivity concept that states accounting data ought to be measured and articulated by the principles that are globally suitable. Feasibility concept states that the period, labor and cost of investigating accounting data ought to be compared to the profit coming out of it. In addition, consistency convention is another form of accounting concept which implies that accounting standards should be applied while preparing financial statements yearly. This is very important when it comes to comparability of different accounting periods. Similar accounting processes and practices should always be applied constantly in every financial year to facilitate comparability process (Weil, Schipper & Francis 2013, p. 24-25).

4. Marks & Spencer’s treatment of PPE, Intangible assets and provisions

Property, plant and equipment in Marks & Spencer’s costs are recorded at a cost excluding depreciation as well as exclusion of impairment in accordance with conservatism theory. This concept is very important since it avoids overstatement of profit and also recognizes anticipated loss as required. The company does not revalue her property while doing their accounts although assets available as a result of construction are recorded at cost minus impairment cost. Marks & Spencer has a policy of depreciating her noncurrent assets after subtracting residual values Marks & Spencer 2013, p. 2-6). The organization do not depreciate her freehold land but the freehold and leasehold buildings whose remaining lease term is more than 50 years are depreciated by taking residual value and dividing by anticipated economic life of the property (Greuning 2009, p. 92-100).

However, the leasehold building with period below 50 years are normally depreciated as per the outstanding time of lease. Equipment, furniture and fitting with between 3 and 25 years. Marks & Spencer usually ensure that they review their policy of impairing property, plant and equipment if there are some instances that prove that the carrying amount cannot be recovered. This always prompts the management of the company comes up with an amount that ought to be recovered basing on conventions and estimations. The depreciation of the property, plant and equipment is normally done in this company in writing down the assets to the remaining value divided by the property plant and Equipment anticipated useful live (Oppermann 2008, p. 64-70).

5. Impact of Impairment on Marks & Spencer’s Finance Performance.

In the previous year Marks & Spencer impaired the carrying amount of Marinopolous B.V goodwill and other stores in Greek whose branches make do not make profit to show the value that can be recovered and the net book value. Impairment has several impacts on the financial position of various businesses and therefore should be taken seriously. Any loss for an asset due to impairment should be charged on the asset in question and further disclose the notes of impairment to the financial statements stating the assets and reasons for the action (Robinson 2012, p. 512-516).

Impairment loss and write offs of an asset is likely to reduce both the net income as well as the non-current asset’s value. The reduction of income statement through charging the impairment loss has an effect of reducing the shareholders’ equity and eventually lowering debt to equity as debt to asset goes high. It is also likely that Marks & Spencer’s expected net income may go high because the value of the asset must have been reduced through impairment loss. The total impairment for the year ended 31 March 2013 for the Marks & Spencer company was £m 44.9 (marks & Spencer 2013, p. 17-19). This means that the income was reduced by £m44.9 and the value of assets were also decreased by the same value. Eventually the effect of impairment would mean that income is not overstated but expenses are recognized as anticipated.

References

Banerjee, A 2005, Financial Accounting: A Mangerial Emphasis, [S.L.], Excel.

Gibson, Charles H 2012, Financial Reporting and Analysis + Thomsonone Printed Access Card South-Western Pub.

Greuning, V 2009, International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide, Washington (D.C.), World Bank.

Marks & Spencer, 2013, Notes to the financial statements, retrieved 27 August 2013, <http://annualreport.marksandspencer.com/docs/MS_AR2013_p82-109_NotestoFS.pdf>.Needles, Powers, & Crosson, V 2011, Principles of Accounting, Mason, Ohio, Cengage Learning.Oppermann, B 2008, Accounting Standards in Brief, Lansdowne [South Africa], Juta.Robinson, R 2012, International financial statement analysis, Hoboken, N.J, John Wiley & Sons.

Weil, L., Schipper, K., & Francis, J 2013, Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods, and uses, Mason, Ohio, South-Western.

The world economy is influenced by both economic and no-economic factors (Schumpeter, 2017),

Finance

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Course Title

Date

The world economy is influenced by both economic and no-economic factors (Schumpeter, 2017), and therefore there is a need to keep a check on all the aspects that may affect the growth of the economy. Various non-economic factors are responsible for the increase or the fall of the economy of different countries around the globe. Some of these factors include; war, corruption, political instability, technology, government laws and regulations, education as well as innovations and training.

War is one of the factors that lead to the decline of peace within a nation or even the overall world peace and thus have a direct effect on the growth of the world economy (Duffield, 2014). Peace is deemed to be one of the major factors that encourage investments and as well favors trade between nations. With the disruption of peace, there will be tensions within the globe that will discourage investments and trade as well. Political stability, on the other hand, contributes to peace, and therefore political stability should be encouraged within nations to ensure their prosperity in business and the overall economy (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016).

Corruption is directly related to the decline of the economic growth of a country because the money and resources that are deemed for development are pocketed by individuals, and therefore development is left to lag behind. The slow progress of the country discourages investment leading to low injections to the country’s economy. Technology, on the other hand, influences the mode of production, as well as the provision of services and therefore the more improved the technology, is the easier the production and service delivery.

Government laws and regulations play a significant role in the growth of an economy. Favorable laws and policies attract investments especially when there are subsidies for the provision of services. The development of regulations that favor business such as less taxation encourages investments contributing to higher production and the overall increase in the GDP of the country. Education and training equip the people with the necessary skills for the establishment of businesses. Innovations leads to the development of new technologies as well as the production of new types of goods and services that lead to the satisfaction of people’s needs and therefore for the fulfillment of human needs, creativity and innovation leads to the development of entrepreneurship to which increase the business ventures and the overall GDP of a country (Acs, Szerb, & Lloyd, 2017).

References

Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., & Lloyd, A. (2017). The global entrepreneurship and development index. In Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2017 (pp. 29-53). Springer, Cham.

Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2016). Political credibility and economic development. Springer.

Duffield, M. (2014). Global governance and the new wars: the merging of development and security. Zed Books Ltd..

Schumpeter, J. A. (2017). Theory of economic development. Routledge.

The case-based learning solution

Final Topic

Presented by

Institution

Introduction

Knowledge of learning theories is fundamental to all leaders who want to be successful in their businesses. The following is a design of a case-based learning solution for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theory. Most people who own businesses have an urge to learn and understand how to effectively manage a business but lack the necessary learning materials and tools. On the other hand, technology has created a lot of impact on every aspect of modern life. Computers are currently used to control every daily operation. The excessive use of technology in all aspects of life has made many people miss some basic educational needs because they have low technology level (Tainio, Lilja & Santalainen, 2003). This case-based learning solution will take care of all people in the society irrespective of their understanding of technology to enable them complete the learning theory course effectively.

The case-based learning solution

Demonstration of theory and practice

A learning organization presents many and diverse methods of gathering and managing knowledge. Most organizations make an assumption on learning theories arguing that the context of what is contained in a learning lesson is connected to the fundamental of the theory (Lane 2001). The outcomes, objectives and goals of learning should be directed towards clear understanding of learning theories. When designing a learning solution for leaders, one should consider several factors. Firstly, the technology level of an individual is of great importance. Not all people are computer literate therefore; the lessons created should use other means of presenting ideas apart from the computer. In most circumstances, MS word and PowerPoint are used for designing most lessons but in cases where the leaders’ technology level is low, hand written charts could serve well. Cognitive learning theory and research gives a better solution on how to design instructions that enhances leader-learning skills. Based on the educational level of the learner, the cognitive learning theory provides a learner with an opportunity to learn something new and the new approaches towards attaining the learning objectives.

Secondly, the learning solution should demonstrate design theory and practice. The lessons should be designed in way that they not only cover the content on the learning theory and design but also focuses on its application. Learning theory in practice enables leaders to demonstrate high levels of understanding and make use of that knowledge in running organizations. The instructor’s goal will be to understand the demands of the topic sand the needs of a learner in order to offer a learning experience that gives the learner an opportunity to excel in life. Education forms the primary method of social progress and reform. The experience acquired in learning has a lot of impact in the social life of a leader and helps to bring about changes in a society. According to Constructivism theory, a learner’s personal understanding comes from the knowledge gained in a learning process facilitated by using appropriate learning activities and good environment (Kim, 2005).

Learning tools

As discussed above, this is the development of a learning program for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theories. Various tools aid in the learning process although, the tools used on this context should consider the technology level of learners. Technology forms an important part of the day to day live because it has revolutionized communication and learning patterns. Most learning lessons today are planned and written using high-tech materials introduced in the learning institutions. In addition, the business environment is extremely challenging today and leaders are using the upcoming innovations in making their boosting businesses. This creates a challenge to people who have low education level and are unable to utilize the modern technology. The following learning process will create a solution for such people since appropriate tools will be used in teaching them. To ensure learners get home the taught lessons, various tools such as charts, demonstrations, and video presentations will be used. In cases where MS word and PowerPoint presentation is used, an instructor will be available to guide learners on how to use the computers (Lawrence, 2003).

Outcome

On the other hand, the outcome of the learning process should be substantial and effective to leaders. Learning theories play a great role in shaping the life of leaders in terms of making them realize various opportunities found in the business world. The outcome of the teaching process should give learners enough competence to be able to develop their businesses and people. After learning, leaders should be able to accomplish the following. Firstly, the leader should be in a position to make an observation and learn from it. This process makes use of the skills and knowledge acquired in class to understand various aspects of an organization through observation. Secondly, the learner’s social behavior should change whereby; the environment plays a significant role in the change. Behavior change is measured by performances of individuals through display of learned tasks (Means, 2009).

Length of learning

The length of the learning process depends on the capacity of a leader to understand the theories being taught. Most leaders today whose technology levels are low can attend a learning theory class until they gain whatever they need irrespective of the time taken. The class time for each theory class will be commanded by the understanding level of a leader. In most cases involving non-learning leaders, lessons are determined by the level of understanding. In order to ensure learners achieve the objectives and goals of learning, the following steps are necessary. In addition, learners will be evaluated to determine how well they cope with the learning and highlight learning theories that require more time to teach. Moreover, the instructors will make use of several deliverables that describe how the learning process will be carried out. The participants manual and instructors manual will be designed to assist leaders in learning and save the instructor’s time for explanations. Where slides are used, several examples will be demonstrated to enable learners get every content of the learning theory.

First, only learning theories that are easier to implement will be applied first. Eventually, other theories will be introduced as time goes on. This step encourages and promotes learner’s outcome as they develop more learning skills. Secondly, secondly, the learners’ evaluation will be carried out when the mind is fresh. This should take place probably in the morning hours. The evaluation will assist the instructor in determining theories that worked, those that did not work, and areas needing additional teaching.

Conclusion

Design of a case-based learning solution for non-learning leaders wanting to understand learning theories is a hard task requiring a lot of input and resources. Non-learning leaders possess low levels of education and take long to absorb a point making it difficult to plan their lessons. From the above plan, several factors have been considered in designing the case-based learning solution. These are the intended audience, the level of technology, demonstration of design theory and practice, tools, outcomes, and length of learning.

References

 Kim. (2005). “The Effects of a Constructivist Teaching Approach on Student Academic Achievement, Self-Concept, and Learning Strategies”. Asia Pacific Education Review 6 (1): 7–19.

Lawrence, T. A. (2003). Challenges of Teaching with Technology Across the Curriculum: Issues

and Solutions. London: Information Science.

Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning theories, A to Z. Westport, Conn.: Oryx Press.

Mearns, J. (2009). Social learning theory. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of

human relationships (vol. 3). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 1537-1540.

Tainio, R, Lilja, K., & Santalainen, T. J. (2003). In M. Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I.

Nonaka (Eds.), Handbook of organizational leadership and knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 428-445.

Part One The Infographic (40 points)

Final Project: Pulling It All Together

Infographic Due: March 26rd (On Canvas)

Annotations Due: April 2nd (On Canvas)

Rough Draft Due: April 9th (Paper Copy)

Final Draft Due: April 23rd (Paper Copy)

Part One: The Infographic (40 points)

Choose a broad subject you’re genuinely interested in; e.g., baseball, genetics, skateboarding, polygamy, sheep farming, gangster T.V. shows. It doesn’t need to be a traditionally “academic” discipline.

Look for three quotes from experts and three data points that you can use to acquaint someone with the basics of your subject. A data point is a fact that involves numbers/statistics. To take mafia television shows as an example, data points could include: the pilot episode of the mafia show Boardwalk Empire cost $18 million dollars to make, and one third of all Hong Kong residents have seen John Woo’s triad film A Better Tomorrow. These points help show what a big business gangster media is.

Use this data to create an infographic that serves to introduce someone to your subject. You will be graded on 1) if you use three expert quotes and three data points, 2) if you represent these data points visually, and 3) use of other visual elements we go over in class.

Part Two: The Annotations (0 Points, but They Will Help You A LOT!)

Do some general research on EBSCO and Google to see what more specific questions people are currently debating within the subject you did your infographic on. For example, if you’re interested in gangster T.V. shows, current questions include: why mafia crimes don’t horrify Americans the way serial killings do, racism and misogyny in gangster television shows, how Snowfall compares to previous shows about organized crime, why gangster T.V. shows in China induce nostalgia in their viewers, and why are gangsters so often portrayed as heroes.

When you’ve found a question you think is interesting, run it by Kate.

Do annotations (see below for what that means) for eight sources that will help you answer your question. Four of these sources must be scholarly; the rest can be either credible or scholarly.

Part Three: The Essay (Rough Draft: 40 Points, Final Draft: 200 Points)

Write an 8-10 page, MLA- or APA-style essay arguing the solution to your research question from Part Two. You must use at least eight sources, four of which must be scholarly.

I encourage (but am not requiring you) to use first-person experiences and personal sources (so long as they’re credible) in this essay like you did in your first two essays.

How to Do Annotations

For each source on your topic you must:

Cite the source in MLA format (see the MLA Works Cited sheet in the Essay #2 module)

Write 3-4 sentences briefly summarizing the source, and explaining how you intend to use it in your second essay. You may use first-person.

Give two direct quotes from the source that you think you can use in your essay. You may also give text you want to paraphrase as well.

Rose, Mike. “Blue Collar Brilliance.” They Say/I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic

Writing. 2nd ed. Eds. Gerald Graff, Kathy Birkenstein, and Russel Durst. W. W. Norton & Co., New York: 2012. Print. Pgs. 243-255.

In this article from 2009, UCLA education professor Mike Rose argues that blue collar jobs in industries like food service and manufacturing are just as intellectually demanding as they are physically exhausting. He uses his mother and uncle (both life-long blue collar workers) as his main examples. His conclusion is that Americans need to stop assuming those who do physical labor are less intelligent/use their brains less than those in other professions. I intend to use a quote from Rose to back up my claim that intellectual burnout is one of the biggest reasons behind the high turnover in the food service industry.

Quote 1: “Like anyone who is effective at physical work, my mother learned to work smart, as she put it, to make every move count. She’d sequence and group tasks: What could she do first, then second, then third as she circled through her station? What tasks could be clustered? She did everything on the fly, and when problems arose—technical or human—she solved them within the flow of work, while taking into account the emotional state of her co-workers. Was the manager in a good mood? Did the cook wake up on the wrong side of the bed? If so, how could she make an extra request or effectively return an order?”Quote 2: “Although writers and scholars have often looked at the working class, they have generally focused on the values such workers exhibit rather than on the thought their work requires—a subtle but pervasive omission. Our cultural iconography promotes the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps, but no brightness behind the eye, no image that links hand and brain.”