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Name seven factors that influence the ways police handle juvenile suspects

Name seven factors that influence the ways police handle juvenile suspects?

When a juvenile delinquent is suspected of committing a crime there is usually a difference in the way he is treated. A juvenile delinquent is treated different from an adult; this is because they are expected to be under the care of their parents.

1.      The seriousness of the offense- most of the juvenile are arrested for minor offenses like shoplifting. However when accused of major offenses they are to be treated as a criminal. 2.      The police organization – some police department are organized into teams that deal with certain crimes like drug organizations. These teams investigate and arrest teenagers like adults.3.      The community – some communities are less tolerant to any form of crimes regardless of the age of the person. 4.      The wishes of the complainant – some complainants are usually not willing to press charges when the crimes are committed by minors.5.      The demeanour of the youth – some youths are less apologetic to crimes and rarely are they allowed to go out into the society. . However the reverse attitude can lead to less punishment. 6.      The gender of the offender – young women are viewed as less aggressive and more of victims of circumstances and commit crimes as a reaction. 7.      The race and social class of the offender – teenagers from low income social class are bound to be convicted more than teenagers from high income classes.

Is the basis for arresting a juvenile the same for arresting an adult? Explain. What are the differences, if any?

The basis of arresting a juvenile and an adult are the same because the state of a crime does not change, however the difference is in the actions done afterwards. When an adult is arrested as a suspect for being involved in a crime, he can be held for forty eight hours but a juvenile can be released. The immediate guardian is contacted and is allowed to bail out the juvenile and when that is not possible the teenager is taken to a juvenile cell. Adults are taken to a holding cell and they are only allowed to talk to their attorney.

The differences in the way juveniles are treated is because for the adult, law is supposed to punish while for the juvenile it is supposed to rehabilitate to create a responsible citizen of the country.

Opposing the Mexican Border Wall.

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Date

Opposing the Mexican Border Wall.

The Mexican border wall highlight the activities of the Department of Homeland Security that disregard the environmental laws. Since the department is undeterred in the construction of this wall without regard of the endangered species that reside along the Mexican border means they have no respect for environmental laws. The construction of this wall will affect a habitat for a score of animals including Mexican gray wolf, the Sonoran Pronghorn, and the jaguar. Also, it will interfere with natural floods and the flow of Rio Grande River. In addition to this, the construction expenses are extremely high and unnecessary considering the resources already allocated and operating along the border. There are score of highway patrol and a fence that 1,350 miles of the 1,954 miles Mexican border.

Job Review and Application

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Professor’s Name

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Date

Job Review and Application

Introduction

It is often said that learning never ends, and neither does the acquisition of knowledge. However, for graduate students, the completion of the program more or less halts a stage of theoretical learning and ushers in a learning stage rooted in practice, also known as working. While scouring the internet for graduate jobs, I was captivated by an Administrative Assistant role at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia posted on Seek dot com Australia. The company prides itself on being the premier supplier of glass and glazing in Broome. The company mainly services the Kimberly and North West region. I see this position as a perfect opportunity to put into practice everything that I have learned in my Degree. This report entails my motivational interests for the role, my cover letter and my resume.

Motivational Interests

I chose to apply for the administrative assistant position at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia because the position comes with competitive remuneration. The official job advertisement notes that the role comes with a pay package between $55,000 – $69,999 annually. For a graduate student, the remuneration is not too shabby, and neither is it too good to be true, seeing as the average Australian earns $60,000 a year. For most employees, compensation is the biggest motivator because of the ever-increasing costs of living. The role at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows also offers room for personal development, which is essential for a graduate student. Pearl Coast Glass & Windows is a lowkey company with stellar reviews; this means that I have the chance to gradually develop my administrative assistant skills in a conducive working environment.

I also chose to apply for the administrative assistant role at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia because I meet the qualifications for the role. Admittedly, the role does not specify academic qualifications and but requests three years of experience. In other words, it is an open role, and the most qualified individual may be granted the role. I fancy my chances here because I offer a blend of youth and experience to the already excellent personnel at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia. In any administrative assistant role, the basics are documentation, planning and scheduling and bookkeeping. I am well-versed in all these areas. Moreover, I possess skills that can transform the administrative roles at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia from a labour-intensive outlook to a capital-intensive outlook with the introduction of technological tools.

Likewise, I chose the role because I would like to leave my mark on Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia. In most cases, graduate students make the mistake of applying for unrealistic roles in well-to-do organizations. However, most of these organizations already have predetermined practices and procedures in place and are more likely to hire an expert and experienced applicant than a fresh graduate. At Pearl Coast Glass & Windows, I have the chance to hone my administrative skills while using my practical knowledge and skills to develop the organization. Notably, the company has a sales department that alludes to the existence of bidding for contracts and selling custom products and services. As a fresh graduate, I am well-versed with the dimensions of contemporary digital marketing and can give Pearl Coast Glass & Windows Australia a competitive edge when selected for the role.

I chose the role because it affords me the ability to work remotely in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The core roles and responsibilities of an administrative assistant are bookkeeping, documentation and planning and scheduling. All these responsibilities can be performed remotely in adherence to social distancing stipulations and lockdown orders. One thing I have learned as Covid-19 erodes our social freedoms is that remote working is here to stay. It is therefore imperative that all envisioned and desired roles have the provision of operating remotely. Even after the discovery of vaccines, Covid-19 rages on, and it looks like it will take a while for normalcy to resume. Therefore, the role at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows bodes well for the prevalent work conditions and allows me to operate remotely with the same productivity and efficiency.

I chose the role because it allows me to continue garnering practical skills and knowledge. One of the basics of being an administrative assistant is the capability to carry out research, document the findings and present them as the case may require. In this case, the products and services at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows inspire me to partake in more research to not only learn the dimensions of the job but also immerse myself in a culture of adhocracy at the company. In the job description, it is reiterated that applicants need to have problem-solving skills, which alludes to the existence of a culture of creativity and innovation at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows. Such a culture offers me the chance to learn something new every day.

Finally, I chose the role because of how well it fits my professional training. I recently completed my university education and I have a plan to grow my career through partnering with the best organizations. The role at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows promises to be a great one for both personal and professional development. I believe the organization is aligned to my individual and professional path, in terms of what it has to offer, and what I can gain from it. I intend to be of great value to the organization as it shapes my career and I help build it to the best of my capabilities.

Cover Letter

(Name)

(Current Address)

(Mobile Number)

(Email)

(Date)

To The Human Resource Manager,

Pearl Coast Glass & Windows,

B McDaniel Rd, Broome WA 6725,

Australia,

Dear Sir,

RE: APPLICATION FOR THE POSITION OF ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

I hereby register my interest in becoming an administrative assistant as advertised on the Seek website. My proactiveness, experience, creativity and innovation make me a perfect candidate for the position, and I can be a valuable member of the Pearl Coast Glass & Windows team.

I have worked as an administrative assistant for two years, and during that time, I have been tasked with documenting and managing the company electronic database. I also managed to transform the company documenting procedure from a paper-based approach to a blend of paper and electronic documents. As per the requirements for the position at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows, my resume outlines that I possess discernible administrative experience in administrative assistance, English language mastery, knowledge of MYOB accounting software, telephone and communication skills, tech-savviness with expertise in Microsoft Office applications, impeccable time management and planning skills, attention to detail and ability to operate in a fast-paced environment and a driver’s license.

In my last role as an administrative assistant, I transformed the company documentation approach and reduced paper wastage by 25%. I achieved such a feat by implementing a documentation system that prioritized electronic documentation and used paper only when necessary. In that same role, I learned that the only constant is change and administrative assistants have to be proactive rather than reactive to perform to the best of their abilities. I have also learned that honesty is the hallmark of a functional company.

Therefore, it fills me with great joy to be applying at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows because I admire the creativity and innovation that goes into the creation of the glass and glazing. I also admire the company’s commitment to quality and customer satisfaction as a marketing strategy. As the administrative assistant, I will transform the bookkeeping and documentation at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows to usher in an era of automation and cloud services. In this regard, I am certain that there will be a mutually beneficial relationship between the company and me. I am currently available and ready to start immediately when my application is considered.

Please find my resume attached, and feel free to contact me through any of the provided avenues.

Thank you for your time and effort to consider my application. I look forward to hearing you as soon as possible.

Regards,

(Your Name)

Resume CV

FIRST NAME, LAST NAME

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

Personal Summary

A multi-skilled, talented and reliable administrative assistant with a proven experience in documentation, bookkeeping and planning and scheduling. I possess a teachable spirit and the capacity to absorb fresh ideas and communicate precisely and concisely with individuals from all walks of life. Articulate, well-mannered and cognizant of diversity and multiculturalism. Adaptable and flexible and can meet new challenges as they may arise while staying within perceived professional and personal; boundaries.

WORK EXPERIENCE

Company 1

Administrative Assistant [From 2019 – To 2020]

Duties

Worked as an administrative assistant for two years. Worked as a freelancer and for reputable consultancies and agencies, providing the services to clients where needed. Involved document and article conversion, bookkeeping, balancing ledgers and scheduling work fares, meetings and marketing campaigns.

Company 2

Administrative Assistant [From 2017 – To 2019]

Duties:

Researching technical accounting documentation to ascertain that the right approach is used,

Communicating with customers to discuss their queries, providing feedback, guidance and designing customer-centric brochures and documents, transformation of documents from manual to electronic copies, working as a mediator for agencies, local councils and charities,

reviewing and proofreading text in newspapers, journals and websites, supervising junior administrative assistant work, conducting face-to-face customer briefings and telephone attending.

KEY SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

Prior administrative experience in a similar role, experience with MYOB software, experience with accounting software, competent English and numeracy skills, telephone and communication skills, tech-savviness and computer proficiency including MS Word Applications such as Word, Excel, Outlook, excellent time management skills, capability to multi-task, organization and management skills, a keen eye for detail, ability to work in a fast-paced environment, ability to operate independently and possession of a driver’s license.

QUALIFICATIONS

Bachelor’s Degree in (insert here)

Appendix

The job is advertised at the job aggregator site Seek.com. The official Pearl Coast Glass & Windows website does not have a job opening, however. This means that the company outsourced the hiring process to a private firm that has posted the job listing and description on aggregator sites to find suitable applicants. However, this may also make it hard for applicants because intermediaries often require an upfront fee for connecting one to a job opening. Nevertheless, the job listing lists the company and its contact details which means an applicant can forego the intermediaries and talk directly to the HR manager at Pearl Coast Glass & Windows. The official job listing can be found at https://www.seek.com.au/job/53425670?type=standout#searchRequestToken=5705fd62-90df-4bd9-8420-cafbda82d24c

letter of transmital. Supply Chain Management

Name of student

Date

Professor name:

Supply Chain Management

I submit here with approval in support of a research program entitled “expanding the centre for Supply Chain Management “to be performed under my direction in Unisex University.

Any questions relating to technical aspects of the proposal should be directed to me. Questions of administrative nature are to be directed to Dr. Angelo Biccone, professor of Information Management and Information Technology.

Your consideration of my proposal is greatly appreciated.

Sincerely

Name of student

Enclosure: proposal

Reasons provided in the film for Prison boom beginning in the 1970s

Name of student

Institution of affiliation

Course

Professor

Due Date

1. Reasons provided in the film for Prison boom beginning in the 1970s

Incarceration involves jail term confinements of people. The Prison boom is the trend in incarceration rates that have doubled more than in the past years. This is because since the rising of the drug war and the explosion of prison large population due to discretion within its system allowing the arrest and prosecution of people of color, which has alarmingly higher rates than that of whites which is the new criminal penalties according to Jim Crow, black people being more targeted at arrests and prosecution. The prison population had drastically increased since the end of the black movement and Civil rights. Whites seemed to be having drastically inferior positions.

Lack of convincing evidence that can be used to track the prisoners both in prison life and after prison life seemed contracted—no connections of the data related to the crime of the prisoners. There was a selection bias of the people to be sent to Prison.

2. Have 5 % of the population and 25 % of the world’s most significant population

The prison population list indicates a breakdown of the total population in prison. The number of people in jail accounted for 25 % of the prison population. The strict law servers clearly show that the sentencing culture has been overlooked while giving vague jail terms. Policymakers had to be installed (as a suggestion) to test for population rise in the prisons. Incarceration is then brutal to be compared to other prisons.

3. African Americans made up 12 % of the American population but 38 %of the prison population.

Most of the African American imprisoned has been due to racism. The rate of Black people’s imprisonment is more significant than the speed of white imprisonment. Racial and ethical differences have been the main source of higher Black people’s incarceration. Going to prison can hinder the development of the individual in terms of income and self-development. Most Black Americans are in jail majority being falsely imprisoned due to their difference in the race. It is believed that the black community is primarily involved in crimes compared to whites.

The consequences are either on an individual basis or a social basis. On a societal basis, it is believed that a high level of imprisonment in societies causes increased crime rates in the neighboring community back, personal experience the community, and personal crisis. The mass incarceration designed policies that dominated the white culture, mainly causing suppression to other races. The accomplishment of criminal justice cannot be recognized without the racism factor being addressed. The sentencing project produced by the state-level signifies that the black people have greatly been affected hence fairness disproportionately.

4. Roles of Civil rights movement in the 1960s

Using nonviolent protests, the civil rights movement managed to break the pattern of public services and justice acquirement being offered by the race dependency for the African Americans. The efforts made by the activists and protestors made the legislation to end racism segregation. The civil rights Act of 1960 helped strengthen the voter’s rights expanding the enforcement power of the Civil rights act 1957. The show included authorizing court-appointed referees intended to help the Black Americans register and vote, provide federal inspection of the local voters’ polling station rolls

The civil rights movement achieved the bus segregation unconstitutional, for it had lost much of its revenue through Jim Crows laws were still to be followed. The 1960 presidential elections were also closely achieved. The March on was declared in 1963 by the African American activist demanding jobs for the African Americans to be involved in the booming wartime economy. The protest was later brought down after agreeing that the ban on discrimination was removed. The 1960 civil right act gave rise to the 1964 civil right act, where more African American rights were supported, either economically or socially.

5. The US incarceration rate

The US rate is 500 prisoners per 100000. Men make up the largest population of the local jail population, and prisons have an imprisonment rate of 14 times that of women. The US has the highest population of prisoners. The incarceration rate is higher due to longer sentences and an increased likelihood of imprisonment.

6. State that imprisons blacks at a higher rate

Wisconsin is the leading county that imprisons the blacks at higher rates. At least one in a group of 36 Wisconsin is in prison. The Black population consists of 42 percent of the total population but only 6 percent of the entire state’s population.

7. In 1850, 3.2 million African Americans were enslaved. In 2007, there were 12.5 million African Americans under correction control.

8. Philadelphia jail population is at around 4600 people, which is approximately 38 %, black men

9. Why is the PA institutional law project suing the prison system in Philadelphia

This is because of the abuse and inhumane treatment in the prisons and overcrowding in the prison areas.

10. Discuss some of the reforms to reduce overcrowding in Philadelphia and the most successful method.

By giving out better information which allows visitors to plan their visit reducing delay rates

By managing the flow of the prisoners

By creating supportive experience used in dispersing visitors

The most efficient way is by building better infrastructures to a point where overcrowding can be avoided.

10. A blow boat is a flattened bottom boat powered by an airplane propeller projecting above the sterns and used in swamps or shallow waters.

11. Most of the people in the county jail are serving their sentences

16 – 17. Consequences after leaving prison with a felony record

Restrictions of professional licenses

Ineligibility for public funds, including welfare benefits

Loss of voting right

Deportation for immigrants

Some of these consequences are fair at some degree level

18 – 19.

Under Caste is hereditary social behaviors that restrict some of their occupation and association with others; in Racial Caste, it determines the association of other races other than his original. People with criminal records are banned from association with other people, communities, or races.

20- 21. Discretion is defined as the right of someone to make a decision.

Discretion gives the police the right to carry out their job at any circumstance; hence can falsely arrest an individual with the wrong case.

Change in evaluation is connected to the theoretical image of policy keeper; hence can cause inequitable consequences arising from the police power.

Stronger force can be used in bringing “peace “to the community

22.43 % of the participants envision are black drug users

23 – 24; Recidivism is a person’s relapse to criminal behavior after undergoing intervention of a previous crime. They have a higher rate because of community upbringing and lack of resources immediately after prison release.

25. About 38 ,500 people

26. Pre-entry is the action of entering beforehand.

27. The case has to be first passed at the local magistrates, which after several appeals, are passed to the high Court.

28 -31. suggestions listed towards the end of the war on drugs

By knowing how to resist temptation

By surrounding oneself with the right company that doesn’t use drugs

Distracting oneself with more valuable activities

Learning how to cope with stress by relaxing without the use of drugs

Avoiding places where one knows the drugs would be available

32 -35 Suggestions listed for criminal justice and prison reform

By focusing on evidence-based rehabilitation strategies

Reduce recidivism

Address, co behavior issues related to criminality

Offering guidance and counseling to the prisoners immediately after serving their sentences

36 -40. This video has helped educate people on sources of crimes and prison rules in different countries. Some of the policies by the prison rule are also stated.

References

Yin .R. K ., et .al (1976 ) A review of case studies of Technological investigation in state and local services.Santa Monica

Rogovin C ( 1973 ) The genesis of law enforcement assistance administration: a personal account. Columbia human rights law.Review 5 (1) 9 – 25

Use of Suffering in the Creation of Meaning

Name of Author:

Name of Institution:

Course:

Date of Submission:

Use of Suffering in the Creation of Meaning

Writers differently use their intellectual capacity and literary skills to appeal to the empathetic moods of readers. Scenarios are created that depict subjection to unfolding suffering that is the writer’s point of connection with the reader. This paper does a literary appreciation and explains how pain has been used to create meaning in two pieces of literature; Orwell’s Such, Such Were the Joys and Diamond’s Last American.

Such, Such Were the Joys

After his admission at Crossgates, the writer tells, he began experiencing a series of interconnected suffering that left both psychological and physical impacts on him.The first suffering was the withdrawal from home that often leaves children with a sense of insecurity and the stress of adoption to a new environment. Children become sick when taken away from home and grow lonely so to miss their family settings.The first suffering subjected the writer to his tribulations that have made him hate the school memories and loathe the idea of visiting his former school.The new environment had a psychological impact on him, something that he now believes happens to every child who has been taken away from home. He started bedwetting, again, at the age of eight. Seemingly, he had been relieved of this uncontrollable problem four years prior, at the age of four. The problem further scaled his isolation as he was the only one bedwetting in their dormitory. He felt odd and that the others must have been looking down upon him because the problem was considered to plague only generations of the younger age. The author wants to connect to the readers in this case by making them understand his situation and then sympathize. He portrays his state of bed pissing as something he did not will, but something that plagued him. He also wants the reader to understand his state of loneliness.Bed pissing was compounded by several other problems that tormented the writer mentally and brought physical pain along. When he is called and warned by Mrs. Bingo, the author develops an enormous amount of fear. He misconceives everything that he is told at this point as a result of little focus resultant of the fear. The fear inspired in him on that day was so great that he seriously prayed to God to take away from him the problem of bedwetting. Suffering is taken to another level when the writer awakes to realize that God did not answer his prayers to stop his problems. Psychological torture scales and the author fails to understand why even after praying and making resolutions with God, his problems still persist.At this state, the matron asks him to report to the Headmaster in which case he gets punished by cane. When he makes a confession to his mates that the punishment wasn’t that painful, he is subjected to a repeat of the same. Moreover, the second punishment is harsher than the first. The writer suffers physical torture from parties who do not understand that his bedwetting is not deliberate. When he is getting punished, he feels like he is in the world in which he is a loner.The author also makes us realize that there is a group of bigger boys, referred to as the Sixth Grade that are warranted to mete out punishments to the younger smaller boys. The more adolescent boys, hence, live in a state of fear not of just the administration, but of fellow students.The writer through all his suffering makes to clear that he is a loner in that school and that none, including the management, understand the problems that befall him. He clarifies his innocence, and the psychological torture that is not tended to, but serves to subject him to more suffering.

The Last American

The literary piece covers the environmental inequities that man commit that have negative repercussions on his life.The overexploitation of environmental resources weakened Agriculture and other economic activities that always played the backbone of ancient empires. Implications of a degraded environment went even further as enemies always sought to take advantage and attack the legendary countries, a factor that always led to their subsequent collapse. Water scarcity could result from overuse of land and land clearance that left the soil bare and incapable of holding enough water. Underground reservoirs could only serve too long but were subject to depletion after which such populated cities were left in a quagmire.Helplessness that resulted from agriculture was caused by poor agricultural practices that did not aim at increasing Agricultural Production to sustain the large populations while protecting the environment.Relevance of protection of the environment is elaborated further in the modern world. Clearing of vegetation and establishing of towns and cities in dry places with no adequate supply of water, deprives man of clean water. Environmental degradation also takes the green cover along with it. The writer lays bare the risks including health hazards that man exposes himself to when he falls short in accomplishing his roles of caring for the environment as he supposedly should.Hampered Agriculture creates a state of malnutrition and weakness. Malnutrition is the source for slowed production and subjection to foreign rule. It can also set way for health plagues.The writer wins the readers to his side when clarifies the suffering that people are subjected to and acts to stem out the root causes. He links the issues to each other and then to the root cause. He further goes to the extent of explaining the actions that should have been taken at that time, and the actions that should be taken at the present. He elaborates how scarcity of some resources results from overexploitation of others, or how poor leadership catapults man’s problems. By associating the ancient dynasties to the present world, the author is implying that if no drastic measures are taken, the current dynasties night just end in the same state as the previous.

Conclusion

Suffering is always used by the writers to appeal to the reader’s intellect to understand the situation at hand. It has been used in the first instance by Orwell to win the reader to his side of questioning just how the ancient curriculum was run. In the second case, it is used by Diamond to help the reader understand the repercussions of poor environmental care and impacts of poor leadership on the well-being of the country. That achieved, the reader develops the same attitude as the writer and wants to help protect the environment.Suffering as a literary tool, is used to create meaning for literary pieces and win the readers’ sympathy. Moreover, it is used to develop a new mentality in the readers.

Social Factors that Motivated Reform Movements in the North before the Civil War

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Course:

Name of Tutor:

Date of Submission:

Social Factors that Motivated Reform Movements in the North before the Civil War

Both non-violent and occasionally violent in nature, the Pre-Civil War era is probably marked as one of the most chronically monumental in the history of America. This period occurred between 1815 and 1850 AD and was characterized by numerous civil, social, moral, political, and religious controversies. It is worth noting that many socialists and historical political scientists credit this period as the genesis of American reforms. It is the series of reformations, civil rights activism, demand for better services, equal rights for women, enlightening, and evangelical revivalism that gave rise to activities inspiring change. Socially considered, a number of societal political transformations, religious factors, cultural establishments, and economic developments took center-stage in inspiring reforms directly or indirectly.

In general, most reforms had two fronts of societal approach. In the first, reformers hoped that collective movements would help in relieving the social problems that the society had presented in the era. Typically, a characteristic violent and vehement society had emerged in the preceding period. Perhaps, reformists believed that the changes they advocatedwould help secure them a safer society. There also existed a constantly widening gap in class divisions, societal stratification, and wealth distribution. Thus, there were some few, but extremely rich individuals with a contrasting majority languishing in abject poverty. The implication of this was that opportunities would differ in relation to wealth and financial ability; with the rich accessing better education, healthcare, and other services. Analytically, this social element is common for spurring revolutions across the history of humanity. The probable aim of revolts related to this scenario is the hope to achieve an equal society that distributes resources fairly and offers equal opportunities to its populations. The second front was religious and evangelically oriented.

Considering political establishments and transformations, numerous occurrences increased relative individual freedom and expanded space for political activism that would later result in reform movements. As explained by Blau, it is this range of political activities that were later to be called Jacksonian Democracy (94). Between 1815 and 1840, the laws that required individuals to own certain amounts of property in order to be able to vote or hold various offices got abolished. Again, shouting loudly to garner higher amounts of votes during elections also got discredited. Notably, various institutions previously entrusted with the task of handpicking individuals to hold political and administrative offices had this privilege taken away from them and given to the electorate (Blau 373). The consequence was an increased voter participation in the election with improved enthusiasm towards political activities. Undoubtedly, these and other political changes were partly responsible for motivating reform movements.

Religion, morality, and the general spirit of societal reformation are other social factors motivating movements and activism in the pre-civil war era. Increasingly, absence of the rule of law, violence, continuous transgression, and evildoing became the order of the day. While religious reformers sought to give people an opportunity to serve the supernatural and live Godly lives, moral reformers battled societal evils like drunkenness, prostitution, profanity, and all social ills. On the other and social reformers sought positions that would ensure societal uprightness in terms of education, enlightenment and development. Thus, as explained by Mintz, there was increased establishment of prisons to curb crime, advocacy for the abolishment of slavery, and the fight for equal rights amongst men and women. Not only did reformers advocate for the establishment of good public schools, but also did they fight for Especially Education for the hearing impaired, visually impaired, physically handicapped, and other health impairments previously sidelined in the provision of education (50-79). Hence, the social elements of religion and morality spurred numerous reform movements that aimed at establishing improved living conditions and more moral lifestyles for the citizens.

Characterized by typical inventions, innovations and discoveries, the 19th Century America was probably one of the most emerging economic societies. Just to mention but a few, the reaper, electric light, steam locomotive, miner’s lamp, stethoscope, typewriter, matches, electromagnets, and the stereoscope were all invented during this period (Parish 685). The most instrumental of these discoveries were in transport, communication, and construction industries. Thus, the construction or modern roads, railways, and the invention of steam engines and steamboats facilitated rapid economic growth. Ultimately, cities began to rise along transportation lines. Interaction and enlightenment increased. Most of all, major parts of the population were empowered economically (Parish 215). The fact that manufacturing and improved transportation increased production also acted as a catalyzing factor to of Reform movements in the north before the civil war. Additional reasons why this was achieved included socialization in the process of trade and enlightenment through interaction.

Undeniably, numerous reform movements and civil activities characterized the pre-civil war era. Each of these advocated different elements in the society. Commonly, the social structure of the society presented various factors that made it suitable for reform movements to occur. These included politics, religion, culture, and economic developments.

Works Cited

Blau, Joseph L. Social Theories of Jacksonian Democracy: Representative Writings of the Period 1825-1850. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2003. Print.

Mintz, Steven. Moralists and Modernizers: America’s Pre-Civil War Reformers. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Print.

Parish, Peter J. Reader’s Guide to American History. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1997. Print.

The Cold War.

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Professor’s name

Course

Date

The Cold War.

Cold war refers to the period of open yet restricted rivalry that took place after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies. The rivalry was established along economic, political, and propaganda fronts with limited use of weapons. The war lasted through the span of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term “cold” comes into play because these two superpowers did not record large-scale fighting. This conflict was a construct of geopolitical and ideological struggle for global supremacy following their victory from a temporary alliance formed against Nazi Germany in 1945.Further, these two superpowers employed indirect means such as espionage, psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, far-reaching embargoes, and rivalry at technological competitions or sports events to express their dominance. George Orwell first used the phrase “cold war” in 1945 in an article he had published (McCauley, 45). He foresaw a nuclear standoff involving two superpowers, whereby each possessed disastrous weapons capable of killing millions of people in a matter of seconds.

The alliance between Great Britain and the United States on one hand and the Soviet Union on the other unraveled as a result of Nazi Germany’s surrender in May 1945. By 1948, the Soviets had set up left-wing governments in Eastern Europe countries freed by the Red Army. The Americans and the British feared the permanent domination of eastern European countries by the Soviets. This posed the threat of having communist parties dominating western Europe democracies (Peng 67). In addition to the global spread of communism, the Soviets wanted to maintain eastern Europe’s control to secure it from renewed threats from Germany. By 1948, the cold war solidified when aid provided by the United States’ Marshall plan in western Europe brought together countries that had been influenced by Americans. By this time, the Soviets had already established a communist system of government in eastern Europe.

The United States and its European allies created the National Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 in response to Soviet attacks and declared their global policy in containing Soviet influence. In response to formation of NATO, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955. Major crisis including the Berlin blockade, the Korean war, the Chinese civil war, the Suez, the Cuban Missile of 1962, and the Berlin crisis of 1961 took place. At this point, the United States and the Soviet Union were competing to decolonize Asian and African states and influence the Middle East and Latin American countries. The Cuban Missile crisis led to the split between the Soviet Union and China, which further complicated political relations in the communist sphere. Consequently, France, an ally of the United States, increased its demand for autonomy of action. In 1968, The Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague Spring, while the United States went through internal unrest from opposers of the Vietnam War and civil rights movements (Westad, 12). An international peace movement began to sprout globally in the 1960s. Campaigns against nuclear disbarment and arms testing were on the rise and by 1970s, both parties were receptive to addressing peace and security, resulting in eased relations that eased strategic arms limitation talks and opened US relations with China. Eventually, détente collapsed, leading to the increased military, economic and diplomatic pressures on the Soviet Union by the United States.

The close of the cold war happened after President Richard Nixon took office and adopted a new approach towards international relations. As opposed to viewing the world as bipolar, he suggested the use of diplomacy as opposed to military action. President Nixon encouraged recognition of the communist Chinese government by the United Nations following his trip there which led to establishment of diplomatic relations with Beijing. Worth noting, at this point, President Nixon had adopted the détente policy of relaxation towards the Soviet Union. In 1962, President Nixon, signed the Strategic Arms Limitation with Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhev, which banned the production of nuclear missiles by each side. This step was turning point because it eliminated the threats of nuclear war that had lasted decades. Noteworthy, despite all the efforts made by President Nixon to end the war, it spouted again under the rule of Ronald Regean who was president between 1911 and 2004. Just like many leaders of his time, he was of the idea that the spread of communism anywhere would threaten freedom everywhere in the world. As s result, President Reagan worked to provide military and financial aid to insurgencies and anticommunist governments across the world.

Works Cited

McCauley, Martin. Origins of the Cold War 1941-1949. Routledge, 2015.

Peng, Juanjuan, and Hongjie Wang. “World History II (GA Southern).” (2018).

Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: a world history. Basic Books, 2017.

Technologies

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Professor’s name

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Informative Speech about Uber Technologies

Topic: Uber Technologies

General purpose: To inform

Specific purpose: To inform my audience about one of the most successful and globally renowned black-car service company, Uber technologies.

Thesis statement: This speech highlights the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies. It further proposes innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges as well as strategies that can be employed in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment.

Introduction

Attention Getter: Although Uber came into existence in 2009 and started as a black-car hire, it has expanded widely across many continents and countries. What makes the Uber industry stand out is the fact as opposed to traditional car hire services, it employs a digital approach to ensure a win-win situation for the client, the driver, and the company. In short, Uber Technologies runs all its services on an application that connects riders to clients. The most intriguing part of the business is the simplicity of the business. The Uber services took the ridesharing services to the next level because it capitalized on convenience. Think of it this way, people are always on the move, traveling to a different destination, the store, to work, and even tending to emergencies. Uber Technologies stands out as it was the first company to develop an application that uses GPS to link a client to a driver. The fact that one can log in into an application request for a ride and have the rider pick them from their location is very attractive to my clients.

Reason to listen: Over the years, Uber has faced many disruptive challenges and fought many rivals transforming the company from a black-car service to an empire for self-driving cars and food delivery.

Thesis statement: This speech highlights the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies. It further proposes innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges as well as strategies that can be employed in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment.

Credibility statement:

I have always been interested in matters pertaining to how technology has revolutionized the transportation industry over the years.

At every opportunity I get, I try to learn as much as possible about the million dollar black-car services in the world.

Preview of main points:

First, I will discuss the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies.

Second I will discuss innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges.

Finally, I will discuss strategies that Uber can employ in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment.

Although both the Uber drivers and clients face challenges, there are hardly any downsides for customers.

One of the greatest challenges facing the industry is safety concerns

In many states and cities that have lax transport industry regulations, average citizens can easily infiltrate the system as service providers.

Although it has a positive impact on the number of drivers, there is no way to guarantee that the drivers will maintain professionalism and safety.

Another issue is surge pricing, which controls free markets by lowering and increasing pricing based on demand

This hurts customers as sometimes the fare could triple or double during peak hours.

Low fares also impact negatively on drivers due to low earnings.

According to Kovoor-Misaram in cities like New York, drivers are encouraged to get luxury cars and the latest models to keep with their customers’ needs.

Price competition has had a negative impact on the transport industry. This has to do with the fact that Uber and other e-hail taxi services are always competing to provide the cheapest service. Further, they are also in competition with traditional taxi- services.

Another challenge facing the Uber business is the lack of accessibility features for people with disabilities

In some countries, car hire companies are mandated by the law to have a given number of wheelchair accessible vans for use.

This is not always the case as most drivers don’t have access to the resources making it difficult to comply with the law.

Maheshwari notes that over the past few years, Uber has found itself at the center of unethical scandals ranging from sexual assault, sabotage, the issue of multi-tasking, and privacy.

There have been cases of customers raising sexual assault accusations against Uber drivers. This is because the process of bringing drivers on has been negligent. Word is, Uber does not meet with drivers before approving their applications. It is expected that such a multi-billion company can afford to run background checks on their drivers as it is the only way to ensure clients’ safety.

Furthermore, Uber has been found to employ techniques of sabotage against their competitors to ensure they remain in business.

Several Uber drivers were found to request rides from Lyft, their main competitor, only to cancel them.

This causes the Lyft drivers to waste gas and have low availability leading customers to request Uber rides instead.

The fact that Uber bases its operations on using GPS to reach potential clients presents a drawback from a safety perspective.

This is because drivers have to keep checking their mobile drivers while driving, increasing the chances of causing accidents.

Uber has also been accused of disregarding its clients’ privacy as it has an application used in tracking their customers’ location.

Transition: Now that I have discussed the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies, I will now address the innovative policies and strategies that can be used to resolve them.

B. One of the strategies Uber can employ to avoid scandals is putting safeguards in place.

Putting sufficient safeguards provides a way of nullifying the negative publicity that faces them.

Uber has been accused of sexual violations and drivers cheating their clients. According to Garud, while some of the allegations were true they lead to negative implications on the company’s brand.

Another strategy would be to offer its employees more flexible schedules to attract more people in need of additional income streams

Another strategy is adjusting its income claims by reducing commission.

Currently, Uber collects commissions ranging from 20%-28% of earnings.

According to Wong, Uber should develop a grievance handling and sexual harassment policy in its company to help address cases of sexual harassment against its customers.

Implementation of such a policy can help address the issue and improve their brand image.

To maximize profits, Uber must recognize the changing nature of its business by diversifying its services. Recently, Uber has started leveraging technology for optimal driver allocation and cab bookings.

Moreover, with the current situation, Uber should continue to scale up alternative businesses, including Uber Eats and Uber Freight.

Transition: Now that I have discussed about the innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges, I will touch on the strategies that Uber can employ in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment.

C. A multi-cultural environment must consider not only race and gender but also sexual orientation

1. Uber Technologies recognizes that having inclusive and diverse teams is their greatest asset.

a. It drives innovation which provides them with a competitive advantage.

b. Uber technologies have doubled its commitment to create a work environment where people from all backgrounds can thrive and function.

c. increasing the representation of underrepresented groups, including women by increasing women workforce to 50%, increasing women’s representation in technology and leadership positions.

d. This means including people who identify as LGBTI in the workforce to ensure a diverse and equitable workforce.

Conclusion:

Review of main points:

First, I discussed the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies.

Second I discussed innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges.

Finally, I discussed strategies that Uber can employ in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment

Restate Thesis: This speech highlights the challenges and ethical issues experienced by Uber Technologies. It further proposes innovative policies and strategies to address the challenges as well as strategies that can be employed in achieving an equitable, cross-cultural, and multicultural work environment.

Closure: To address these problems, Uber Technologies must realize the need to keep their employees happy, reduce commissions, run background checks on drivers, and have safeguards.

Works Cited

Garud, Raghu, et al. “Liminal movement by digital platform‐based sharing economy ventures: The case of Uber Technologies.” Strategic Management Journal (2020).

Kovoor-Misra, Sarah. Crisis management: Resilience and change. Sage Publications, 2019.

Maheshwari, Nidhi. “Uber taxi cab-handling crisis communication.” Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies (2017).

Wong, Julia Carrie. “Uber concealed massive hack that exposed data of 57m users and drivers.” The Guardian 22 (2017).

The Accounting Profession

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Professor’s name

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The Accounting Profession in a Digital Age

Introduction

Undoubtedly, the accounting profession is one of the professions that were worst hit by the global pandemic of 2020. We are living in a digital age and experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. If there is one thing that the unprecedented covid-19 pandemic showed us is that accounting professionals are as much essential workers as healthcare professionals. When the pandemic struck, businesses changed their way of doing things with the majority being forced to either shut down or take up telecommuting. Most people began working from home and the accounting professionals had their work cut out as they could not just shift their operations online overnight as majority of their work requires a in-person and physical presence to complete.

Challenges of the Accounting Profession from Various Points of View

The pandemic had a different effect on the lives and experiences of various professions in the accounting field. For a student that was undergoing accounting-related studies, the pandemic disrupted their lives by limiting their ability to go through internships and attachment programs. It is a mandatory requirement that accounting students go through at least three months of internship at company’s of their choice to gain practical field practice (Qasim and Faten, 110). The pandemic limited the ability of students to find organizations that could offer them internship opportunities. This is because most organizations were not hiring as most either laded off employees to cut administration costs or worked from home because business was not doing well. To avoid similar situations for accounting students in the future, students should begin embracing technology early and learning all there is to know about telecommuting so that it is easy for them to cope with an unpredictable situation such as those brought about by the covid-19 pandemic. For the global citizen, the biggest impact of the pandemic was the loss of income brought about by job cuts and slow business due to lockdowns and isolation. To mitigate the challenge people should take up more saving habits and find alternative sources of income to get them through the rainy days.

External auditors were at a disadvantage as they had to deal with heightened challenges posed by covid-19 which they had not encountered before. Majority of external auditors that had to travel across cities, states, countries, and continents were not able to travel as much because of the travel restrictions to prevent community spread. They had to either cancel or either reschedule their auditing days. To avoid a similar situation in the future, auditors should invest in technology and application that can enable them to carry out auditing remotely. SBA administrators were also affected because the pandemic limited their capacity to carry on with their accounting role of strengthening the country’s economy. This is because a majority of their work cannot be done remotely and also because they deal with lots of paperwork which makes it impossible to work from home. To mitigate this challenge, it is imperative that they begin considering digital migration as it will empower them to work remotely. The pandemic affected the politicians and particularly lawmakers by limiting their capacity to pass legislation because of social distancing measures that were put in place to reduce community transitions across the world. To address this there is need to incorporate technology in policy making.

Inequity in Distribution of Relief Funds for Small Business Administration

In regards to organizations that were awarded Federal Paycheck Protection Program loans to help cushion them from the adverse economic effects of the pandemic, a lot of backlash was encountered because of unfairness. Unfortunately, the reality of the matter is that the loans ended up being awarded to the undeserving business at the expense of small businesses. The lack of control and checks made it easy for businesses that were not eligible to be awarded loans of up to $107 000 (Zara, 6). For example, businesses like Ruth’s Chris Steak House, which is not a small business but rather a publicly-traded restaurant made it on the list. Noteworthy, the majority of the companies ended up returning the funds they received for fear of fraud charges and backlash.

Reflection and Personal Opinion

In my viewpoint, accounting is one of the most lucrative careers of all time. When covid-19 emerged, it proved to people that accountants are as much essential workers as healthcare professions. My point of view is that it is high time accountants invest in digital databases that are unique to their organizations to help them carry out their mandate in times like this. As a student, I think it is an ideal time for students to keep an open mind on the possibility of finding mobile jobs as times keep changing in the digital age that we live in. As a future accounting professional, I would like to broaden my knowledge on the impact of public policies on organizational finances. This area is of interest to me as it will teach me important lessons on governance and administration in general.

Works Cited

Qasim, Amer, and Faten F. Kharbat. “Blockchain technology, business data analytics, and artificial intelligence: Use in the accounting profession and ideas for inclusion into the accounting curriculum.” Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 17.1 (2020): 107-117.

Zara, Christopher. “Here’S The Full List Of Companies That Received Paycheck Protection Program Loans Over $150,000”. Fast Company, 2020, https://www.fastcompany.com/90524719/heres-the-full-list-of-companies-that-received-paycheck-protection-program-loans-over-150000.