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Thank you for the feedback provided. I have gone through it and the following is my explanation

Dear Sir/Madam

Thank you for the feedback provided. I have gone through it and the following is my explanation. The paper instructions demanded that I pick an article, provide a summary and critique, and then prepare a presentation for the second part. The instructions then provided key required steps in a very succinct report format.

I chose to focus on the article by Denault and Jupe (2018), Justice At Risk. I was very careful to follow the format provided in the instructions. I introduced the article and offered my view of the book. My thesis statement was that the article was very well written and defined non-verbal communication in the confines of law and justice as an important element, one that requires more research and scholarly attention.

In the body paragraphs, I proceeded to offer an opinion and critique based on the sections provided in the instructions. I arranged the paper as follows:

An Analysis within Academic Literature and Importance of the Article in Nonverbal Communication

A Definition of Basic Concepts and Conclusion of the Article

A Critique of the Article

Application to Other Situations

I then closed my argument, summary, and critique in the conclusion paragraph. All through, I offered a detailed analysis of the text by Denault and Jupe (2018). I included arguments from extant literature to base my opinion on academic content. The use of these external sources was strictly for purposes of supporting my argument and trying to bring to light what other authors discussed on matters relating to the topic.

In part 2 of the assignment, my presentation was written strictly as per the presentation instructions. I checked the instructions again and again to ensure I did not miss any points.

Truthfully, I have spent a lot of time to search materials relevant to the article I chose to analyze. I prepared well ahead of the deadline because I hoped to score very well in this paper. From my presentation, I am sure you can tell just how much effort I have put into the task.

Fully cognizant of the feedback you provided, I would really appreciate if you can reconsider the score awarded. I really hoped to pass the work. I promise that I will continue to improve and work harder based on what you provided as feedback. Looking forward to more growth.

 

Kind Regards

Introduction of the Scenario (2)

Deliberating Stratification

Student’s name

Institutional affiliation

Introduction of the Scenario

There is a small yacht that is carrying 12 passengers and the captain. The demographics of the individuals include a teenage girl, a police officer, a 65-year old man college president, a 55-year old female nurse, a pregnant woman, her husband, a Black Lives Matter activist, a gay man, a ballet dancer, a botanist, a professional athlete, and a famous playwright. Suddenly, the yacht begins to sink while still far from the share of an island that has not been inhibited. The captain discovers that the radio is not functional so he opts to use the lifeboat to ferry people to the distant island. However, the dilemma is that the lifeboat can only hold eight (8) people otherwise it will sink. Additionally, the lifeboat only has enough gas to make one trip to the island. Because the boat has a total number of 13 people (captain included), you agree that four people and the captain will remain behind for the sake of everybody’s survival while 8 proceed to go to the island. This text is an attempt to make a decision about which four individuals will remain behind and who will be rescued. It makes a case for each member left behind and each member who is rescued. This is a tough call to make seeing that the chances of being rescued are rather minimal.

Members to Take and Why

In this scenario, I would make the hard decision of saving the teenage girl, the 55-year old female nurse, the pregnant woman, her husband, a gay man, a Black Lives Matter (BLM) activist, the professional athlete, and the famous playwright while the rest of the individuals remain behind. Although the decision is a difficult one to make, I would endeavor to save the lives of the most vulnerable people and those that would be most helpful, given the situation at hand. This is not to say that some lives are important than others. To begin with, I would make the decision to have all women present board the lifeboat and proceed to the island. This is because I believe women and children are most vulnerable in times and suffer the most in times of crisis. As such, I would first rescue the teenage girl, the 55-year old girl, and the pregnant woman. The pregnant woman should be a priority because she is carrying another life and having her go to the uninhabited island protects the life of not one but two people. Moreover, I would proceed to rescue the husband of the pregnant child for two main reasons. I would like to keep them together since they are a family and leaving the man behind leaves the woman without a person to help her in case of an emergency. I would not deny a child a chance to grow up with his father. The man can also be of help in navigating the lifeboat. I would also make the decision to save the gay man seeing that he belongs to a minority group. I would also save the Black Lives Matter Activist by virtue of the work they do and the impact they are making in society. The professional athlete would board the boat on the premise that he is physically fit which makes him the most suitable person to navigate the lifeboat. With the assistance of the pregnant woman’s husband and the gay man, the athlete will ensure the boat gets to the island. I would also rescue the famous playwright on the premise that they are in the creative field which does not have many people in the profession.

Members to Leave Behind and Why

In addition to the captain, I would leave the police officer, the 65-year old male college president, the ballet dancer, and the botanist behind. My reason for leaving the police officer behind would that compared to the other men who I rescued, the police officer is used to crisis by the nature of his profession. He has gone through training to help him get through tough situations. As such, he is better placed to fight for his life even after the boat capsizes. I am assuming that the police go through swimming training. I would leave the 65-year-old man who is a president at a nearby college because he is more expendable than the women and the men who were rescued. It would be better to give a younger person a chance of survival. Additionally, I would settle on leaving the botanist behind because compared to the women, the gay man, the husband, and the activist that were rescued, the botanist is more expendable. Even if I rescue the botanist, he is less likely to make any impact particularly because of the work he is involved in. The Ballet dancer would also remain behind because unfortunately, their demographic is more expendable than the others. A ballet dancer is creative but given the situation, I would only save one creative at the expense of the others. This is why I had the famous playwright board the lifeboat.

Reflections on My Beliefs

My choices say a lot about my personal beliefs. I believe that in times of crisis and uncertainty, women and children are the ones that suffer most, and for this reason, they should always be prioritized. I also believe that from a sociological perspective women are more important than men because of the role of childbearing which they carry. What I mean is that women should be protected because, without them, society would not grow its population. While one man can make many women pregnant at once, a woman can only give birth to one child at once. This shows that as long as women are present, society will continue growing in size. Additionally, from the analysis, I feel that minority groups such as LBGTI individuals should be protected at all cost and that aged people are more expendable than the younger population. I also believe that a person’s career influenced my decisions largely, for instance, I rescued the athlete because he is physically fit meaning that he will help navigate the lifeboat bringing everyone to safety.

Reflections of Assumptions

As I was deciding on who to rescue and who to leave behind, I made various assumptions. I assumed that the professional athlete is a man although their gender is not mentioned. I made this assumption because I wanted him to provide manpower because compared to women, men are stronger than women. Additionally, I assumed that the Black Lives Matter Activist, the police officer, and the captain is a man. I assumed the police officer is a man because men are more likely to join the police service than women. This is not to mean that women are not capable of being police officers. Society associates the field with insecurity and risks which discourage women from joining the police service. I also assumed that the Black Lives Matter Activist does not identify as an LGBTI individual. LGBTI activists do not necessarily mean that the individual has to identify as LGBTI, they simply have to believe in the cause. I also assumed that the police officer can swim because of the comprehensive training they go through before joining the service industry.

Reflections about the Current Periods and Culture

My choices to the fact I am the current time of this occurrence is before the dawn of technology and the internet. The call I made to ensure I save as many lives as possible show that I am part of a new culture that recognizes the different needs of various demographics, For instance, if the situation happened in the current age where there are cell phones, I would have made calls on the mainland or send a text requesting for assistance. I also recognize that women, youth, and children are delicate beings who are disproportionately affected in times of crisis that is why I ensured that they there the first to board the lifeboat.

Conclusion

In the case of a scenario that involves choosing which lives to save and which ones to leave behind, it is rather hard to decide, there is no correct way to approach it. In this scenario, choosing the people to board and the ones to save is just a matter of prioritizing the needs of the most vulnerable. This does not mean that the lives of some people are more important than others. I made the hard decision of saving the teenage girl, the 55-year old female nurse, the pregnant woman, her husband, a gay man, a Black Lives Matter (BLM) activist, the professional athlete, and the famous playwright while the rest of the people remain behind.

Introduction of the Scenario

Deliberating Stratification

Student’s name

Institutional affiliation

Introduction of the Scenario

There is a small yacht that is carrying 12 passengers and the captain. The demographics of the individuals include a teenage girl, a police officer, a 65-year old man college president, a 55-year old female nurse, a pregnant woman, her husband, a Black Lives Matter activist, a gay man, a ballet dancer, a botanist, a professional athlete, and a famous playwright. Suddenly, the yacht begins to sink while still far from the share of an island that has not been inhibited. The captain discovers that the radio is not functional so he opts to use the lifeboat to ferry people to the distant island. However, the dilemma is that the lifeboat can only hold eight (8) people otherwise it will sink. Additionally, the lifeboat only has enough gas to make one trip to the island. Because the boat has a total number of 13 people (captain included), you agree that four people and the captain will remain behind for the sake of everybody’s survival while 8 proceed to go to the island. This text is an attempt to make a decision about which four individuals will remain behind and who will be rescued. It makes a case for each member left behind and each member who is rescued. This is a tough call to make seeing that the chances of being rescued are rather minimal.

Members to Take and Why

In this scenario, I would make the hard decision of saving the teenage girl, the 55-year old female nurse, the pregnant woman, her husband, a gay man, a Black Lives Matter (BLM) activist, the professional athlete, and the famous playwright while the rest of the individuals remain behind. Although the decision is a difficult one to make, I would endeavor to save the lives of the most vulnerable people and those that would be most helpful, given the situation at hand. This is not to say that some lives are important than others. To begin with, I would make the decision to have all women present board the lifeboat and proceed to the island. This is because I believe women and children are most vulnerable in times and suffer the most in times of crisis. As such, I would first rescue the teenage girl, the 55-year old girl, and the pregnant woman. The pregnant woman should be a priority because she is carrying another life and having her go to the uninhabited island protects the life of not one but two people. Moreover, I would proceed to rescue the husband of the pregnant child for two main reasons. I would like to keep them together since they are a family and leaving the man behind leaves the woman without a person to help her in case of an emergency. I would not deny a child a chance to grow up with his father. The man can also be of help in navigating the lifeboat. I would also make the decision to save the gay man seeing that he belongs to a minority group. I would also save the Black Lives Matter Activist by virtue of the work they do and the impact they are making in society. The professional athlete would board the boat on the premise that he is physically fit which makes him the most suitable person to navigate the lifeboat. With the assistance of the pregnant woman’s husband and the gay man, the athlete will ensure the boat gets to the island. I would also rescue the famous playwright on the premise that they are in the creative field which does not have many people in the profession.

Members to Leave Behind and Why

In addition to the captain, I would leave the police officer, the 65-year old male college president, the ballet dancer, and the botanist behind. My reason for leaving the police officer behind would that compared to the other men who I rescued, the police officer is used to crisis by the nature of his profession. He has gone through training to help him get through tough situations. As such, he is better placed to fight for his life even after the boat capsizes. I am assuming that the police go through swimming training. I would leave the 65-year-old man who is a president at a nearby college because he is more expendable than the women and the men who were rescued. It would be better to give a younger person a chance of survival. Additionally, I would settle on leaving the botanist behind because compared to the women, the gay man, the husband, and the activist that were rescued, the botanist is more expendable. Even if I rescue the botanist, he is less likely to make any impact particularly because of the work he is involved in. The Ballet dancer would also remain behind because unfortunately, their demographic is more expendable than the others. A ballet dancer is creative but given the situation, I would only save one creative at the expense of the others. This is why I had the famous playwright board the lifeboat.

Reflections on My Beliefs

My choices say a lot about my personal beliefs. I believe that in times of crisis and uncertainty, women and children are the ones that suffer most, and for this reason, they should always be prioritized. I also believe that from a sociological perspective women are more important than men because of the role of childbearing which they carry. What I mean is that women should be protected because, without them, society would not grow its population. While one man can make many women pregnant at once, a woman can only give birth to one child at once. This shows that as long as women are present, society will continue growing in size. Additionally, from the analysis, I feel that minority groups such as LBGTI individuals should be protected at all cost and that aged people are more expendable than the younger population. I also believe that a person’s career influenced my decisions largely, for instance, I rescued the athlete because he is physically fit meaning that he will help navigate the lifeboat bringing everyone to safety.

Reflections of Assumptions

As I was deciding on who to rescue and who to leave behind, I made various assumptions. I assumed that the professional athlete is a man although their gender is not mentioned. Additionally, I assumed that the Black Lives Matter Activist, the police officer, and the captain is a man. I also assumed that the Black Lives Matter Activist does not identify as an LGBTI individual. I also assumed that the police officer can swim.

Reflections about the Current Periods and Culture

My choices to the fact I am the current time of this occurrence is before the dawn of technology and the internet. The call I made to ensure I save as many lives as possible show that I am part of a new culture that recognizes the different needs of various demographics, For instance, if the situation happened in the current age where there are cell phones, I would have made calls on the mainland or send a text requesting for assistance. I also recognize that women, youth, and children are delicate beings who are disproportionately affected in times of crisis that is why I ensured that they there the first to board the lifeboat.

Conclusion

In the case of a scenario that involves choosing which lives to save and which ones to leave behind, it is rather hard to decide, there is no correct way to approach it. In this scenario, choosing the people to board and the ones to save is just a matter of prioritizing the needs of the most vulnerable. This does not mean that the lives of some people are more important than others. I made the hard decision of saving the teenage girl, the 55-year old female nurse, the pregnant woman, her husband, a gay man, a Black Lives Matter (BLM) activist, the professional athlete, and the famous playwright while the rest of the people remain behind.

Specific purpose to draw the attention of my audience to the reality of existence of Dementia Pugulistica.

DEMENTIA PUGULISTICA

Topic: Dementia Pugulistica

General purpose: To inform

Specific purpose: to draw the attention of my audience to the reality of existence of Dementia Pugulistica.

Thesis: even though it is not easily diagnosable, Dementia Pugulistica exists and is a

serious mental disorder.

Introduction:

Boxers –also called Boxers Dementia or ‘Punch Drunk Syndrome’ (Gould & Pineda, 2010). It is a generative head disorder resulting from repetitive head trauma. Symptoms are described after cessation of exposure to chronic to brain injury. It commonly affects boxers. It is in other words a disease of boxers.

Reason to listen: many boxers have suffered the disease either during or after they have retired from their career. Terry Norris, who was a lightweight boxer with knock out power and fast hands, is a victim (Pitt, 2010).

Thesis: although it is not easily diagnosable, Dementia pugilistica exists and is a serious mental disorder.

Credibility statement: I have consulted widely from different sources in my endeavor to unravel the truth about Dementia Pugulistica.

Preview of main points:

First, I will discuss Dementia Pugulistica itself.

Second, I will discuss the neurophysiology related to sports injury

Thirdly, I will discuss the DSM-IV criteria.

Finally, I will discuss views about Dementia Pugulistica.

II. Even though it is not easily diagnosable, Dementia Pugulistica exists and is a serious mental

disorder.

Dementia Pugulistica is the most prevalent mental disorder among boxers.

Dementia pugilistica also referred to as Boxers Dementia manifests in boxers after they have retired from their career. It is also referred to in the short form as DP. According to Gould and Pineda (2010), DP can be caused by other factors provided they produce stimuli that causes repetitive head trauma. Repetitive head trauma is described as, one occurring even before recovery from an existing head trauma.

DP is characterized with progressive neurological deterioration of the victim. Other symptoms of DP include:

Gait ataxia-imbalanced gait

Slurred speech

Impaired hearing-difficulty hearing

Tremors

Disequilibrium of the whole body

Neurobehavioral disturbances

Progressive cognitive decline.

According to David Cifu (2012) in his article ‘Repetitive Head Injury Syndrome’, repetitive damage to the brain can lead to neuro generative disease and cognitive impairment in later life.

Cifu (2012) also outlines the factors that lead to DP’s complications as: delayed diagnosis, subtlety of symptoms, overlapping of clinical signs, lack of knowledge on the specifics of diagnosis and paying attention only to the more concomitant injuries.

Transition: now that I have elaborated Dementia Pugulistica, I will discuss about its evidential

existence and its devastating, undesirable effects.

Dementia Pugulistica has been found to affect many renowned athletes and boxers: According to Pitt (2010), in his article ‘Fistic Medicine Dementia Pugulistica and MMA’, Terry Norris, a lightweight boxer is a victim of Dementia Pugulistica. Pitt (2010) further observes that not only boxers and athletes are victims to DP: Rugby players, football players, and wrestlers like Chris Benoit have been diagnosed with the condition. Due to this, Pitt (2010) refutes the name Boxer’s Dementia and prefers Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).

The DSM-IV criteria for Dementia. DSM-IV is a criterion for diagnosing mental illnesses. It was developed by the American psychological Association. Here I am going to discuss the DSM-IV criteria in relation to Dementia.

The development of many cognitive defects characterized by both:

Impaired ability to recall learned information or to learn new information.

One or more of these cognitive disturbances:

Language disturbances referred to as aphasia.

Struggling with carrying out motor activity despite intact motor functioning referred to as apraxia.

Inability to recognize and identify objects despite good sensory function referred to as agnosia.

Executive functioning disturbances, for example, in planning, being organized and in sequencing.

The cognitive defects in criteria 1a and 1b lead to impairment in occupational and social functioning and they represent a massive deterioration in from a pre-existing level of functioning.

Existence of focal neurological symptoms and signs, for example, extensor planter responses, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, gait disturbances, pseudo bulbar palsy, and weaknesses in extremities plus others whose etiology can be judged to be related to the condition.

These defects noted not to occur exclusively in the course of delirium.

McKee, et. Al (2009). Outlines the specific signs of Dementia as behavioral and personality changes, memory disturbances, Parkinsonism, speech and gait abnormalities. It is observed that atrophy of components of the brain occurs inclusively of the thalami, temporal lobe, mamillary bodies and the brainstem.

Transition: now that we have discussed the DSM-IV classification of dementia, it is important we look at the views of various people about dementia pugilistica.

Those people who agree that Dementia Pugulistica exists and is a serious mental disorder, and it requires serious attention. Also in focus, the people who agree that dementia is not a disease of boxers and athletes alone.

According to Pitt (2010), Dementia Pugulistca has been diagnosed in other categories of patients apart from boxers. Pitt laments that Dementia Pugulistica, should no longer be referred to as the disease of boxers. According to his observation, Dementia Pugulistica has been diagnosed and confirmed in footballers, rugby players as well as athletes. He gives an example of Chris Benoit as a footballer who has been diagnosed with DP to emphasize his point. Pitt further claims that Dementia is irreversible and that neuro motor dysfunction will most likely result to psychological decline.

McKee et al. (2009), observes that Dementia Pugulistica is distinguished from other mental disorders in that superficial mental cortices are the most affected by the condition. They further connote that progressive brain degeneration is prevalent during the prognosis of the condition. They agree that Dementia Pugulistica most often occurs due to repetitive brain injury. The authors conclude that the deposition of diffuse plaques is noticeable in the presence of Dementia Pugulistica.

Barnes et al. (1999) relates Dementia Pugulistica with brain concussion, Second Impact Syndrome and Post-Concussion Syndrome. Of all the researchers, this article the decision of victims of Dementia Pugulistica to return to play. They argue that Dementia pugulistica exists as a continuum, and thus, the victim is highly likely to go back to play. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive neurophysiologic assessment in the diagnosis and management of Dementia Pugulistica. Importance of treating minor head injuries is also emphasized.

III. Conclusion.

Review of main points

Today, I first discussed Dementia Pugulistica itself.

Second, I discussed the neurophysiology related to sport injury.

Third, I discussed the DSM-IV criteria for vascular dementia.

Finally, I discussed the views of some researchers on Dementia Pugulistica.

Restate Thesis: Even though it is not easily diagnosable, Dementia pugulistica exists and is a serious mental disorder.

Closure: Dementia Pugilistica is a serious mental disorder that mostly affects boxers. It results from repetitive brain injury. Treatment of minor brain injuries and continuous reassessments are essential in prevention and management.

References

American Psychological Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, (4th ed). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Cifu, D. (2012). Repetitive head injury syndrome. Medspace. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/92189Barnes, R., Erlanger, D.M., Kutner, K.C., & Barth, J.T. (1999). Neuropsychology of sports-related head injury: Dementia pugilistica to post -concussion syndrome. The Clinical Neurophysiologist, 13(2), 193-209.

Gould, J.D. & Pineda, P. (2010). The neuroanatomical relationship of dementia pugulistica and Alzheimer’s disease. Retrieved from http://www.neuroanatomy.org/2010/005_007.pdfMcKee, A.C., Cantu, R.C., Nowinski, C.J., Hedley, Whyte, E.T., Gavett, B.E…….Stern, R.A. (2009). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 68(7), 709-35.

Pitt, M. (2013). Fistic medicine dementia pugulistica and MMA. Crave Online Media. Retrieved from http://www.sherdog.com

Main Analysis

died from age 17-30. 22% of drivers killed in road accidents in 2009 were drunk and, most were age 17-30. Women were less prone to accidents than men (John, Hopkin, Groom & Skes, 2010).

Discussion

The research done is to access accidents caused by drunken college student in Great Britain. The method used was the qualitative analysis to know how many people die of drinking and driving at the same time how group according to age. This will help to find a solution to reduce alcohol intake among the most affected group which happens to be the age group of 17-24. The Respondents selected were to fill quotas based on reported recent drinking and driving behavior, gender and age.

Main Analysis 

Driving after drinking behavior Achieved sample

Stopped and tested over the limit in the last 3 months

14 men 6 women

13 were below 30 and 7 were above

Driven after drinking at least once within the past 6 weeks thinking they might be over the limit

10 men and 8women

8 were below 30 and 10 were above

Driven after drinking at least once within the past 6weeks thinking they were under the limit on any such occasion.

6 men and 6 women

6 were below 30 and 6 were above

The table below shows the summary of the achieved sample in terms of the main selection variables

Response to the Discussion Post

Discussion Post

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Course Tittle

Professor’s Name

Date

Response to the Discussion Post

Question 1

When a baby is born with an intersex condition, it signifies a condition where there is a discrepancy between the internal genitals and the external genitals. It is a condition in which a newborn’s external genitals do not seem to be clearly either female or male. The infant might have characteristics of both sexes or the genitals may be incompletely developed. The model of social diagnosis identifies two principles: 1) myriad social actors, as well as clinicians, donate to diagnostic processes and labels; and 2) extra-therapeutic social structures frame diagnosis (Danon, 2018). Intersex medical interventions also referred to as intersex genital mutilations which are hormonal, surgical, and other medical interventions should be done to modify ambiguous or atypical sex characteristics and genitalia, mainly for the aim of making an individual’s appearance more distinctive and to lessen the possibility of future complications. Interventions on intersex infants and children are gradually identified as human rights matters.

Question 2

After watching the film on intersexuality, I believe that we should create a new sex category for intersex individuals. It is a condition that exists and an individual cannot be considered as either male or female. There are many additional, incommensurate, and, contested lenses through which intersex individuals are perceived. It shows diverse beliefs and values about the same individuals, including meaning, demands, treatment, and concerns (Hegarty et al., 2020). Law progressively perceives intersex persons as members of third sex. It gives a reason why we should create a new sex category for them. On the other hand, historical research indicates that intersex persons usually exist and have been accommodated. Medical lenses perceive intersex characters as conditions of sex development and individuals with these individualities are regarded as male or female and focusses on treatment. Gender, anthropology, and queer studies have regarded intersex as a depiction of misconceptions that underpin particular cultural norms for gender and sex.

Reference

Danon, L. M. (2018). Time matters for intersex bodies: Between socio-medical time and somatic time. Social Science & Medicine, 208, 89-97.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.019

Hegarty, P., Donnelly, L., Dutton, P. F., Gillingham, S., Vecchietti, V., & Williams, K. (2020). Understanding of intersex: The meanings of umbrella terms and opinions about medical and social responses among laypeople in the United States and United Kingdom. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity.

https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/sgd0000413

Main elements of Enlightenment thought

Discussion QuestionsQn. 1.Main elements of Enlightenment thoughtThe main elements of enlightenment thought were education, reason, human experience, truth religion and the government. The traditions were challenged by authority and the right to rule. People believed that authority dominated experience. Those in authority were thought to be wiser than those who had the human experience. The enlightened rejected the concept of the divine right to rule and they justified that their position was based on their usefulness to the state.(European History/Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment 2013).

Qn.2.What things did Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine II of Russia accomplishes during their reigns that justify the title “the Great”?Frederick II of Prussia was justified as “the Great” after he declared himself a servant of state, extended education to all, and established a professional bureaucracy. He created a uniform judicial system and abolished torture. It is during his reign that Prussia innovated agriculture by using potatoes and turnips to replenish the soil. Also, Frederick established religious freedom in Prussia. 

Catherine II accomplished the title “the Great” after her reforms which were restrictions on torture, religious toleration, education for girls and the 1767 Legislative Commission, which reported to her on the state of the Russian people.(European History/Scientific Revolution and

Enlightenment 2013)

Qn.3. Discuss three events of the French revolution from 1789 to 1794 that did the most to end the old political way of doing things in France Which event had the greatest influence on France’s future?

The Explosive Summer of 1789 was the first event

France faced a financial crisis, caused by military expenditures and aristocracy, which resisted any cuts in its returns from the treasury and any taxes on its wealth in 1789. The result of this lapse of leadership was a political near-breakdown, followed by a sudden explosion of popular unrest and agitation.

The second event was the First Phase of Middle-Class Revolution

This was shortly after the march on Versailles, the Assembly achieved some political stability by declaring martial law, to be enforced by the National Guard. The most dramatic action of the Assembly occurred on the night of August 4, 1789.

The third event was the Drift towards Radicalism

This was after June 1791, when the king and his family attempted to flee the country, the Revolution drifted steadily towards radicalism.

The Jacobin republic event had the most effect on France with the growth of patriotism

(History-world 2013)

What did Napoleon accomplish in France, and what brought about his fall?

Accomplishment of Napoleon ranged from military victory, reforms in education and the judicial system with establishment of the Code Napoleon (Miss Lavelle 2013)

The fall of Napoleon was as a result of despising the people as incapable with disinterested conduct, conceited, and obsessed by the notion of equality. Further his colossal egoism, his habitual disregard of others, his jealous passion for power, his impatience, his vain untruthful boasting, his unbridled self-sufficiency and lack of moderation led to the end of his rule (France History – First French Empire 2013)

Qn.4.What was the effect on society as Europe changed from a traditional economy to an industrial economy? Were the changes positive or negative? 

How did British society address some of the changes in peoples’ lives that were brought on by industrialization?

The effect on the industrial revolution on European society was an effect of change from traditional methods of farming to modern agriculture labor-intensive economy based on farming and handicrafts to a more capital-intensive economy based on manufacturing by machines, specialized labor, and industrial factories. The changes were more positive with increase in employment, more capital accumulation, labor specialization, surplus food among others.

The British society started the formation of new social classes; there was growth of cities, population grew up and slums started developing with less housing in the cities. Hospitals and other educational institutes were seen on the rise. There were also trade unions to fight for the working conditions of the workers. (The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society 2013)

Qn. 5.There were four problems; restoring the balance of power, the containment of France, the restoration of legitimate rulers and rewarding and punishing those involved in the Napoleonic

Wars, depending on which side they had fought on. The containment of France was done by strengthening the states and territories surrounding France, especially those which had been previously over-run by the Grand Armeé. The restoration of the legitimate rulers was resolved by restoration of Bourbon dynasty of Spain, an ally to the Great Powers against Napoleon, only seemed natural. Rewarding and punishing of those involved in the Napoleonic Wars, depending on which side they had fought on were rewarded through division of territories (Kristian Ola 2013).

Qn. 6.The type of conflict that Europeans expected after world-war 1 was a military conflict between nations. The kind of war that really took place was a war of power and to gain popularity. The reason is most European countries had experienced industrial revolution and they had surplus resources to use on military expenditure.

Qn. 7 Factors that made possible Hitler’s diplomatic and military successes between 1933 and 1941 were,European states and public opinion were still haunted by 1914-1918 war.

Hitler’s diplomacy was seen as reasonable by most diplomats except for the French.

Hitler’s military war overwhelmed Europe. (asu.edu 2013)

Qn. 8

How the ideas of glasnost and perestroika helped to bring about the end of the Soviet Union.

Glasnost and perestroika introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985, and helped bring about the end of the Soviet Union by 1991.

Glasnost ended the strict censorship of the 1960s and 1970s, and encouraged political dissidents and others who openly criticized the one-party rule of the Communists.

Perestroika upset the centralized planning of the economy, which had put more emphasis on developing industry, science, and agriculture than on meeting the demands of consumers, who turned instead to the black market. (asu.edu 2013)

Conclusion

The questions were all answered.

The Work Adjustment Theory

Discussion: The Work Adjustment Theory

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The Work Adjustment Theory

The Work Adjustment (TWA) theory involves a person’s relationship with his or her working environment whereby, the working environment should be satisfactory to the person in order to get results from him or her (Jermier, 2019). When an employee has job satisfaction he or she is likely to be more productive to a department or an organization. The hypothesis is especially useful for individuals who want to choose a profession or are having issues adjusting to their jobs. Assessing a client’s skills, values, and personality is the first stage. The demands and circumstances of various vocations are then compared to these features (Jermier, 2019). Finally, values and rein forcers are used to match the talents.

The variety of difficulties that people may have when transitioning to a new job can be conceptualized using the work adjustment hypothesis. Examples include when an individual’s skills aren’t sufficiently matured for the task or aren’t able to fully develop them, their values and needs aren’t met at work, they don’t comprehend the trends of reinforcement used in the work, or they may be dealing with issues at home that have an impact on their ability to perform well at work (Jermier, 2019). Counselors evaluate the customer’s work character and workplace. Additionally, they evaluate differences between a person’s values and skills and the skill and reinforcement patterns required for the work. Finally, they adjust the work itself by making changes to the reinforcing routines. The theory can also be used when dealing with a client who has retired from employment. It is human nature to take time to adjust to a new environment so a counselor should help the client where necessary (Jermier, 2019). As for retirement attempting to find employment in a non-work setting that has the same skills and demands as their former career.

References

Jermier, J. M. (2019). “When the sleeper wakes”: A short story extending themes in radical organization theory. In Postmodern Management Theory (pp. 21-34). Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Jermier/publication/331774297_When_the_Sleeper_Wakes_A_Short_Story_Extending_Themes_in_Radical_Organization_Theory/links/5f71ddef458515b7cf5442e5/When-the-Sleeper-Wakes-A-Short-Story-Extending-Themes-in-Radical-Organization-Theory.pdf

Open Forum Discussion (2)

Discussion

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Open Forum Discussion

Upon reading two other articles that address the same topic but are different sources, some characteristics make the sources different. To begin with, the article from Consumer reports differs in a way that it has a formal appearance with illustrations, diagrams, tables, and graphs. It has a summary paragraph above the text and sections describing how workplace wellness programs could be putting the health data at risk. The other article from CNN health has no specific format. Consumer report article is more different because it has several glossy pictures designed to attract a broad segment of the population. Despite the articles from different sources having some noticeable differences, some features add to the sources’ credibility. The differences do not detract from the credibility of the sources. I consider both credible in a way that they are up to date. The first article has some endorsements and reviews that show that it is credible. Its information is high quality and trustworthy in a way that it is unbiased and backed up with evidence. The second one has the author’s credentials and affiliations hence making it credible. I can either use either of the school sources in writing an academic research paper since the tutor will expect me to back up my assertions with credible evidence. Using a credible source will always convince my readers that my claim is correct and plausible. In my personal life, the sources can help me to strengthen my argument in dialogues.

The first article I read is from Consumer reports and the second from CNN health report. The audiences of the first source are the workers and employees in different companies. The second article is intended to inform a general audience. The intended audiences affect language choice so that the sources use specialized vocabulary, their formal appearance, sections, and proper organization to target their audience (Tracy & Will, 2020). Both articles are credible since they are in-depth, with an abstract and documented data. The information in the first article is accurate. Both sources provide a thorough and well-reasoned discussion. The information need addressed by the consumer article includes research, work, and learning. The other article addresses professional and administrative information needs. Experimental, quasi-experimental, and action research will be appropriate for the first source, while content analysis, qualitative, case study, descriptive research will be appropriate for the second source.

Reference

Ajunwa, I. (2017). Workplace wellness programs could be putting your health data at risk. Harv. Bus. Rev, 19.Tracy, A., & Javernick Will, A. (2020). Credible Sources of Information Regarding Induced Seismicity. Sustainability, 12(6), 2308

Summary of What I Learned From Tutorial Session

Discussion

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Summary of What I Learned From Tutorial Session

Upon attending the tutoring session, I engaged myself fully in the session by being attentive and asking the tutor some questions in order to participate fully and learn more. Among the questions I asked include what tools I could use during my studies to learn more and how I could apply critical thinking in answering course work questions. I also inquired about how to formulate a thesis and develop appropriate thesis statements when writing essays. The session provided me with valuable interpersonal, communication, and listening skills. The tutorial session made me discover a new understanding of concepts that helped me enrich my academic studies. In addition, I learned how to explain various concepts in a multitude of ways to accord with my learning style. It also taught me how to hone my communication skills since I may have to explain complex theories in more straightforward language. The session helped to gain experience when networking with other students and professors.

I am confident that the tutoring skills I learned from the tutoring session made me a qualified employer in the near future. Such skills include empathy, positivity, confidentiality, active listening, leadership, communication, and technical knowledge. The session was more effective in a way that it helped increase my attitude and motivation to reach full academic potential. Apart from that, it was more effective in a way that it taught me to think critically about problems and how to solve them. These skills will always help me to face and overcome challenges faced during my studies. During the session, I was given a chance to participate fully by asking questions or commenting. I think the session was more effective.