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Insightful post

Insightful post! I have enjoyed reading your post and I like the way you have discussed your knowledge about antisocial personality disorder. I tend to concur with you that antisocial personality disorder involves an irresponsible, often criminal, and impulsive behaviour.

However, I would like to compliment you on the fact that you have taken the time to discuss and highlight some of the similarities and differences between antisocial personality disorder and other personality disorders.

I recognize that there is always a need for further research in this regard, since the condition can cause irreversible damage to both the individual and any relationship he may be involved in at the moment. I find it interesting that you have not necessarily agreed with the fact that antisocial personality disorder is the same as sociopathy, but you have highlighted the obvious difficulties in diagnosing these conditions. In my opinion, it is very difficult to diagnose anyone with any personality disorder, but this is especially true of people who are unable to accurately assess their own feelings and emotions.

I am pleased that you have recognized how similarities exist between antisocial personality disorder and some other disorders such as narcissistic and borderline personality disorders. You have not only made connections to other disorders but you have also highlighted how differences exist between them. It appears fair to me that they are still different diseases; they just share some common traits which provide a few pointers as to their phenomenology.

Insightful post (3)

Insightful post! I tend to agree with you on most of your points. There are numerous changes that tend to occur in an adolescent’s body. The brain also tend to change significantly during this stage. It’s important to know the physiological changes that can be expected when someone is an adolescent. I think one change we don’t talk about enough is synapses. Synapses are connections between neurons that act as the point of communication. They’re responsible for communicating information throughout the brain and they grow stronger as they’re used. Reading, writing, and solving math problems will slowly strengthen them.

I find it interesting that you have noted that when the prefrontal cortex is developing, the amygdala is what the adolescent will rely on, which makes decisions and solves problems. In some ways this makes sense, because most psychologists would agree that adolescents are impulsive and start to make decisions based on the amygdala, rather than the prefrontal cortex. I have also noticed that even when my children get older, they use their prefrontal cortex to help solve problems, but tend to rely more on the amygdalae as well. If a child thinks something is wrong with his or her teacher or parent they may react faster and more aggressively as opposed to using their thoughts and reasoning to come up with an appropriate response. All of this ties back in with your post, because if they are not using their prefrontal cortex on a regular basis now, eventually they will be forced to rely fully on it later in life. From the conversation with your 17-year-old cousin, it is clear that an adolescent’s body and mind tend to change a lot. Their thought process tend to develop greatly and thus enhance their decision making strategies and planning.

Insomnia and Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders

Insomnia and Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders

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Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorder is a term used to refer to conditions that affect sleep timing, duration, and quality and affect the individual’s ability to function properly when awake. Sleep disorders tend to lead to other medical issues and some may signify underlying mental health problems. The American Sleep Disorders Association published the first classification for sleep disorders in 1979. However, the understanding and knowledge of sleep health have transformed tremendously in the last four decades. Over 100 specific sleep disorders are known today and today’s classifications are based on criteria such as symptoms, causes, physiological effects and other criteria. Common signs of sleep disorders include difficulty falling asleep, trouble staying awake during daytime, circadian rhythm imbalance, and unusual behavior that disrupts sleep.

Insomnia is a sleeping disorder characterized by the recurring difficulty to remain or fall asleep despite the means and motivation to do so. Individuals that struggle with insomnia tend to encounter excessive sleepiness during the day and other cognitive impairments when awake. Insomnia is deemed chronic when the patients show the symptoms for a minimum of 3 times a week for 3 months (Patel, Steinberg, & Patel, 2018). According to recent statistics, one-third of adults grapple with some form of insomnia. Causes of insomnia include poor sleep habits, stress, eating a lot in the evening, and -tight work schedules. Other causes include post-partum and PMS. Symptoms of insomnia include having worries concerning sleep, waking up at night, having a hard time falling asleep, increased accidents, waking up too early, difficulty focusing, not feeling rested after sleeping, irritability, and daytime tiredness.

Sleep apnea is a sleep-related sleep disorder that takes place as a result of a blocked upper airway. People that have the condition wake up gasping for air or choking. Sleep apnea is also characterized by sleep apnea. Sleep apnea, like other sleeping disorders is caused by excessive fatigue and daytime dryness and numerous cognitive impairments. Sleep apnea is categorized into obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). Sleep apnea is associated with other health issues such as heart disease and PTSD. Additionally, a link has been established between teeth grinding and sleep apnea.

Understanding the negative effects of insomnia on the mind is important. Sleep deprivation disrupts normal body and brain functioning. When one is sleep deprived, it means that they are not getting a sufficient amount of sleep. The average adult needs between seven to nine hours of daily sleep for optimal functioning. Lack of sleep especially affects cognitive functions. Insufficient sleep causes mood swings, sleep deprivation, headaches, and judgment and memory impairment. Lack of sleep also tends to cause clumsiness, weight loss, and weight gain. The effects of sleep deprivation on the brain vary depending on whether one is partially sleep deprived or total deprived. Partial sleep deprivation is when one sleeps for insufficient amount of time to rest. It goes unnoticed until the buildup of sleep deficit. Sleep deprivation has arguably dangerous and life-threatening effects. Partial sleep deprivation causes impaired and slower thinking in the prefrontal cortex (Rundo, 2019). This part is responsible for higher functions such as executive function, language, and creativity. Total sleep deprivation is when a person an entire night without sleeping. A person’s ability to finish tasks with accuracy and speed decreases with sleep deprivation. In a clinical setting, knowledge about sleep deprivation is important in helping clinicians understand their patients’ health problems and recommend the necessary help.

References

Patel, D., Steinberg, J., & Patel, P. (2018). Insomnia in the elderly: a review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(6), 1017-1024.

Rundo, J. V. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea basics. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 86(9 Suppl 1), 2-9.

Value assessment

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Value assessment

Medicaid is the nation’s biggest health-insurance program , covering about one-quarter of all Americans. Over 82 million Americans were registered as of April 2021. This is up 15% from shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic began in February 2020, owing to the economy’s employment losses and the necessity under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act that states maintain continued coverage for current participants.

Medicaid participants are particularly susceptible; they include those who live in or near poverty and are disproportionately prone to negative health outcomes linked to social determinants of health. This susceptibility is a cause of widespread health disparities and adds an important dimension to Medicaid’s value evaluation and promotion. Incorporating patient preferences into value evaluation frameworks for Medicaid enrollees becomes even more critical as a result. For example, under the safety net, an underlying assumption that patients would intuitively see the importance of primary care as the preferable destination for low-acuity conditions may not hold true(Dubois &vWestrich, 2019). To avoid possible income loss during working hours, working-poor Medicaid clients may choose the after-hours availability of treatment in the emergency department or the convenience of a nearby minute clinic. Social determinants of health issues like these must be taken into consideration while designing Medicaid ambulatory care services.

Many programs addressing socioeconomic determinants of health rely on care coordination and case management. Individuals with complicated care requirements, for example, are targeted for intense case management, which includes acquiring resources for basic necessities. The new managed care rules strengthen Medicaid’s bridging requirements by requiring planning in health to arrange administrations amid moves between care scenes and when enrollees get medications beneath fee-for-service Medicaid. Plans must presently collaborate with “community and social bolster suppliers” as well as fee-for-service suppliers, agreeing to the unused necessities. This last mentioned prerequisite has the potential to altogether fortify joins between clinical care frameworks and community needs; however it will almost certainly need further direction and monitoring before it can be implemented.

The care coordination prerequisites apply harder Medicaid guidelines for person-centered care arranging for enrollees with one of a kind wellbeing care needs, counting LTSS, including completing mandated assessment needs while making sure that enrollees have a primary decision-making role. The federal guidelines, like other Medicaid rules, simply provide a starting point. Advocates may persuade governments to introduce enforcement mechanisms or new regulations to improve care coordination by connecting conventional health care with community resources. Facilitated Care Organizations (CCOs), a kind of responsible care organization, in Oregon are required to work with Zone Organizations on Maturing and territorial workplaces for desable people. Enrollees must also have access to community health workers, peer wellness experts, and other unconventional health professionals to assist coordinate services, offer health education, and guarantee culturally appropriate treatment.

Service delivery system

The Medicaid program is a significant wellspring of help for these particular suppliers since Medicaid recipients make up a huge portion of the populaces they serve and on the grounds that private protection doesn’t ordinarily cover their administrations and supplies in a similar way, if by any stretch of the imagination.

Due to the high requirements of the recipient populace and the huge public interest in Medicaid, the central government and states have a significant stake in the entrance, quality, and cost of the conveyance frameworks that serve Medicaid enrollees. As enormous buyers of administrations, Medicaid programs likewise have impressive influence to shape these frameworks. Over the long haul, states have utilized adaptability incorporated into Medicaid as well as waivers to foster creative ways to deal with getting sorted out and conveying wellbeing and long haul care. Expanding complexity in states’ and medical services frameworks’ utilization of information investigation to oversee risk and clinical consideration has supported their endeavors. Also, the ACA has cultivated conveyance framework change movement in Medicaid through the formation of the Innovation Center in CMS and new government financing open doors, showings, and state choices in Medicaid (Scott et al. 2020). CMS’ State Innovation Model (SIM) drive to advance multi-payer change techniques explicitly use Medicaid, outfitting the program’s insight and development in serving high-risk populaces and its clout as an enormous payer. CMS has additionally settled the Medicaid Innovation Accelerator Program, which is giving specialized help assets to states to additional help development. States are embracing a large number of models and focusing on various populaces in their drives, yet there are consistent themes – extension of overseen care; a focal job for essential consideration and clinical homes, underlining care coordination for enrollees with complex necessities; more noteworthy combination of administrations; extended admittance to local area based long haul administrations; and a honing center around quality estimation and superior execution.

Conclusion

The “health-care-only” concept has become more obsolete as Medicaid’s scope has expanded. The modern Medicaid overseen care standards address this issue by allowing states to fund nonmedical therapies and make community investments. The rules provide key obligations in areas such as care coordination. They also make it easier for governments to conduct programs focused on socioeconomic determinants of health in other places. Medicaid cannot, in the end, bear the total cost of our social infrastructure. However, the program may and should assist in bridging the gap across health care and  general health. This entails tying Medicaid to other safety-net programs and searching for ways to improve care delivery inside Medicaid. It also entails encouraging public health and prevention rather than merely treating illness and dysfunction. Medicaid will dramatically enhance health in America if states use their new regulatory ability to pursue these activities, and even increase the threshold.

References

Dubois, R. W., & Westrich, K. (2019). As value assessment frameworks evolve, are they finally ready for prime time?. Value in Health, 22(9), 977-980.

Scott, J. W., Shrime, M. G., Stewart, B. T., Arbabi, S., Bulger, E. M., Cuschieri, J., … & Robinson, B. R. (2020). Lifting the burden: state Medicaid expansion reduces financial risk for the injured. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 88(1), 51-58.

Social Work Theories- The Cruise Family Case Study

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Social Work Theories- The Cruise Family Case Study

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Social Work Theories- The Cruise Family Case Study

Introduction

It is hard not to notice the positive contribution that has been made by social work in demystifying the dilemmas oft faced by societies. Theories have been devised to project an understanding into idealized conceptions and present amicable solutions to matters that derail relationships, communication, personality development, and other odes. Social work has been significant as a mediating factor for most problems that create factions based on gender, age, social status and the differences between parents and their children or even among siblings. As a social work enthusiast, I believe in detailed analysis of a problem to fully comprehend it before applying a theory appropriately to make an end to otherwise troubling situations.

The case study stresses a more common situation that has bedeviled relations in some families and could have been inspired by the poverty and squalor in which the family lives. It would be considered a common example, but if care is not given to the detailed analysis of the situation, a solution will not be eminent. I consider the cruise family to be average in size. In fact, it is even a small family. Considering that the family has both parents alive, and the small family size, it would be hard to comprehend the problem that has muddled their relationships. However, it is important to note that relationship complications stem from the mind and such calls for the attention of an expertise with the capacity to understand the psychological orientation in the family.

Theories that Offer an Insight into the Cruise Family Problems

In my capacity, there are numerous theories that would best provide an insight into the Cruise family problems. However, my pick on Attachment Theory, Feminist theory, and the Narrative therapy is dependent upon the fact that they each articulately address the situation from three angles; individual, structural, and postmodernism influenced angles respectively. My choice on the three has been influenced by some factors; the family’s financially crippled status, the age factors of the children, and the family’s willingness to seek help as a remedy to their problems. Theories play their greatest significance in providing an outline to an approach for understanding the family problems and guiding them to a permanent solution.

Attachment theory that is based on individual’s interactions is more comprehensive in deciphering the cause of the rebellious nature of the adolescents. It also significant in comprehending the attachment patterns within the family and the resultant repercussions of the attachment patterns on the children (Colmer, Rutherford & Murphy 2011, 19). The parents-children relationships at the younger stages of development has psychological impacts on the brain development. The characters that are exhibited by the boys appear to be psychological as they go to the extremes of calling their parents names. That is an occurrence that points to the level of dissatisfaction the children have with their parents parenting ability. Attachment theory will provide an insight into the aspects that were not applied to the children’s development and the factors that are still missing as their development is not complete and can be manipulated.

To analyze the structural influences that have contributed to the dilemma facing the family, I chose the feminist theory so as to analyze the structural relations in the Cruise family (Orme 2002, 220). That is because, to me, they appear to be gender based. The feminist theory would provide an insight into the negligence that has been applied to the entire family in providing care for the youngest of all in the family, the girl Lisa. It would also help us comprehend the different responsibilities that should be embraced by all family members in caring for their mother too. To my understanding, collective responsibility would improve communication, relations, and understanding. The feminist theory accords a specialist the chance to understanding the relations between the feminine characters, and the imbalanced nature that the family has adopted in exhibiting love toward each other (Orme 2002, 221).

The last theory, a projection of postmodernism, is important as it would provide an insight into the conceived perceptions that family members have developed toward one another. The development of events, the revelation of the family relations by the parents, the utterances of the boys to their father, are pointers to final decisions that have been made concerning the stories around them. I chose the theory because the family appears to have a great potential and drive, yet the stories they have chosen to believe have dressed them differently. The potential of the family could be realized if they were made to understand their actions or inactions and how to appreciate each other rather than bear tantrums in desperate attempts to solve their problems. The narrative therapy provides the insight into the reasons that define the family’s strenuous relations as provision of limited room to prove oneself, or explore potentially (Morgan 2000, 1).

Discussion

Attachment Theory

Primary care giving should have intimate bonding and attachment given by the caregiver as the two are vital in manipulating and influencing the growth and development of a child’s brain. The attachment theory explains that children require to be loved and given attention by their caregiver so as to feel secure and explore their environs to develop effectively (Colmer, Rutherford & Murphy 2011, 17). The attention received, or even the manner of care, affects the children’s psyche and make them end up with different ways of relating to their family. A great bonding relationship established with a child supports their exploration and growth and the contrary happens in situations that bonding was inappropriately conducted (Watson 2005 218).

The classifications of behavior affected by bonding are; secure, insecure ambivalent, insecure avoidant insecure disorganized (Hardy & Prior 2001, 56). Secure children have been accorded adequate bonding and grow happy and attached to their caregivers. Insecure ambivalent children are rather unpredictable and feel security and insecurity in equal measure. This behavior stems from caregiving that is fine but inadequate, the kind that presents the child with love at times, but scolding or negative reactions at other times. Insecure avoidant children express no desire to spend time with their caregivers as they feel safer alone. Insecure disorganized behaviors are exhibited by children who have lived in troubled situations and have been accorded no attention whatsoever during their development. They often develop repulsive and aggressive mannerisms as they seek alternate attention or stand up for themselves (Hardy & Prior 2001, 56).

Feminist Theory

Feminist theory points to social roles that have been assumed by members of the society (Kemp & Brandwein 2010, 345). It seeks to overturn the notion that the masculine gender bears superiority over their female counterparts. That females should be relegated to the lesser roles and yet get overburdened with the social roles of caring for their families is a factor not given much consent by the theory. The theory also asserts that women are conditioned to think and act differently compared to men and so should be handled with care. Therefore, all matters that are centered around the actions or inactions of women do not bear the same volatility as with men.

As such, the feminist theory would point the structurally disjointed relationships in a family as the female gender is given less attention (Orme 2002, 224). The overburdening of the females with particular social roles even if they are not in handy situations also complicates the relationship in a family. The theory is relevant in pointing out the factors that lead to disjointed relationships that are gender based, and the factors that cripple communication in a household. It clarifies that collective responsibility would improve communication and the family relationship as well. A family structure is influenced by the gender-based relationship that the family adopts (Featherstone 2001, 1).

Narrative Therapy

The theory relies on the use of stories to analyze, comprehend and present solutions to families plagued with problems (Morgan 2000, 1). The stories that have been adopted by the clients are the are dominant stories and define their perceptions about themselves or other individuals. The stories are developed from a sequence of events that drive an individual to a belief. A social worker can help a client perceive alternate stories that have alternate plots to help the client point out factors that they have missed in developing their initial stories that led them to certain convictions. Alternatively, alternate stories can also come up as the turn of events convinces the concerned party to believe in matters contradicting the earlier perceptions (Morgan 2000, 1).

The theory points out that use of dominant stories often drive concerned parties to perceive what is termed as a thin conclusion (Morgan 2000, 1). Over-reliance on a single story (thin description), makes it hard to identify other factors in a relationship as reasoning is limited and even the conclusion predetermined. When questioned individuals realize that they have been misinterpreted, they resign themselves to fit the descriptions that they have been given as they commit to the thin description and conclusion. The impact of thin stories is an overstrained relationship that plunges the concerned parties into an abyss. Narrative therapy requires a social worker to assist a client to recognize the alternative stories and other positive aspects in an individual (Morgan 2000, 1).

Application of the Theories

Attachment Theory

The theory deduces that the relationship of a child and the caregiver greatly influences the primary development of the named child. Antony and Andrew have exhibited indiscipline toward their parents as they even engage with them in verbal exchange. Their withdrawal from the family and school and even participation in violent activities have defined them as children who missed an important element in childhood development. According to the attachment theory, they exhibit the insecure disorganized attachment classification. Having not taken notice of the problem that interfered with their children’s development, they seem to be letting the same kind of problem challenge the development of Lisa. Andrew and Antony seem to marvel at the company of their uncle John and have developed into bullies in the society, thus creating havoc.

The psychological conceptions that have been developed by Andrew and Antony point little caregiver attachment that they had when younger. The parents must have been preoccupied with some other issues or did not just adequately play their role as caregivers. This affected the development of their brains and because Lisa is equally receiving no attention, is also subject to developing in that very manner. Attachment theory explains that pathetic situations in a family can also greatly affect the development of a child (Hardy & Prior 2001, 58). Growing up in poverty stricken backgrounds, or a background mired up with complications like the poor health status of Jill, can immensely affect children. Problems drive the children into developing a cocoon as haven for safety. That explains the irresponsible and repulsive behaviors that have been exhibited by Andrew and Antony. Minimal caregiver attention also drives the children to seeking the missed attention elsewhere or by any means (Watson 2005 219). Caregivers should take their time to bond with the children to make develop with confidence and the feeling of security. Secure children explore their environs and grow with the belief in the relevance of good family relations.

Application of the Feminist Theory

Gender relations affect the structuring of every family (Kemp & Brandwein 2010, 350). Jill and Bob’s family is one such family that has not considered the factors affecting their relationships within the household as gender based. My interpretation is that Lisa is a loner in the family. The parents tend only to consider themselves and so are the boys. It seems like the family has developed the stereotype that girls should just stay at home and be silent. Not even Lisa’s yells are considered as a demanding situation that should be duly considered as the parents and instead, she is considered as attention seeking. Lisa is discriminated upon by the entire family, including Uncle John who instead of distributing his time equally for all the children, spends most of his time with Andrew and Antony.

Jill, the other female in the house, is also victimized to some extent. She has been unwell but seemingly, nobody seems to be interested in relieving her of the social burdens of family responsibility, or in adequately caring for her. If the family unites in caring for Jill and Lisa, the relationship in the family will improve and other factors that go with it like communication. The feminist theory intuits that women have a different voice compared to men. When they desire the ethic of care, the males will desire the ethic of justice (Featherstone 2001, 1). That explains Lisa’s yelling and the boy’s shouting and arrogance as they seek to justify the misery that has befallen their household. The theory will amend the problems that face the Cruise family as they try to consider a more improved relational capacity that befits all (Orme 2002, 220).

The Narrative Therapy

The theory’s principle is the use of stories to comprehend the matters that affect the relationships or characters of individuals (Morgan 2000, 1). When thin descriptions are used in a story, the conclusions are also oft thin and affect the relationships of individuals for the bad. A social worker would hence use a story for a therapeutic purpose. In the Cruise family, people have developed perceptions on each other guided purposely by certain events or occurrences that have set out to believe. Antony and Andrew have a negative perception of their parents and have labeled them losers, probably because their parents have survived of government aid support. On the other hand, Jill and Bob have labeled all three of their children also based on thin descriptions.

Lisa has been labeled as attention seeking and demanding because she yells a lot. Consideration has not been given to an alternate story that would portray otherwise. For instance, the parents have not considered her as strong and aggressive. I would be convinced so because her family is muddled with problems yet she seems less affected by the negative situation in her family. Her demanding status proves that she has a drive to have a normal family and is not happy that her parents have resigned to the misery. Andrew and Antony have also been labeled violent by their parents without considering alternative stories. The misery that looms over the family could have driven the boys to want to prove to their peers that their family is not entirely useless as it seems. Their engaging in violent activities has more to it than just the desire to do terrible things. They could have been overcome with the desire to prove to the world that they are capable of achieving something, unlike their dad who is dependent on government aid. However, developing thin descriptions has totally obscured the parents’ ability to recognize their children’s attempt to prove other aspects (Morgan 2000, 1).

Conclusion

Several factors contribute to the development of behaviors in a child. However, it is important to note that all these factors rely on the ability of a caregiver to interpret situations properly and change either attitude, or approach to a problem. Structuring of a family is reliant upon the relations that are developed between the adults and the young, among the young themselves or the perception that people have towards each other dependent on gender. The interpretation of a social worker before giving professional counseling should be comprehensive enough to cover the several theories so as to improve the relations in a family. Consider, for instance, that I had chosen the attachment theory and narrative theory alone, I would miss out on the factors that affect the family relations on gender basis.

To conclude, the Cruise family is one that is affected by so many factors and requires the initiative to backtrack on all of them. Recognizing that they have the problems would just be the first step, but as most problems have resulted from the parents, they should start by changing their perceptions on the family members. Application of the three theories makes it easier to point out all the factors that affect the family from the three angles I mentioned earlier; individual, structural and postmodernism. The family needs to restructure their relations, perceptions, and psychological setups to make a turnaround and rid of the problems that bedevil them.

List of References

COLMER, K., RUTHERFORD, L., & MURPHY, P. (2011). Attachment Theory and Primary Caregiving. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 36(4), 16-20.

FEATHERSTONE, B. (2001). Where to for feminist social work? Critical Social Work, 2(1). http://www1.uwindsor.ca/criticalsocialwork/where-to-for-feminist-social-work

HARDY, C., & PRIOR, K. (2001). Attachment Theory. Occupational Therapy for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 48-66.

KEMP, S., & BRANDWEIN, R. (2010). Feminisms and Social Work in the United States: An Intertwined History. Journal of Women and Social Work, 25(4), 341-364.

MORGAN, A. (2000). What is narrative therapy? Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://www.dulwichcentre.com.au/what-is-narrative-therapy.html

ORME, J. (2002). Feminist Social Work. Social Work: Themes, Issues and Critical Debates, 218-226.

WATSON, S. (2005). Attachment Theory and Social Work. Social Work Theories in Action, 208-222.

Innovative Thinking for Organizational Development Project

Innovative Thinking for Organizational Development Project

Slide 2

The Issue At Hand

To start off, I will first present the issue at hand. The chosen issue is getting employees in Kash Money Logistics offices to subscribe to the idea of using only recyclable materials and to reduce the consumption of single use plastics both at home and in the office.

Slide 3

Reasons as to why I chose this specific issue

I will now provide reasons as to why I chose this specific issue. First, there are single-use plastics all around us and there seems to be no incentive to reuse or recycle these plastics. Secondly, I feel like everyone is waiting on the government or the big corporate platers and manufacturers to do something without them lifting a finger. Third, the natural environment is suffering tremendously as a result of our inactivity and less involvement in the fight to reduce the presence of single-use plastics. Fourth, reducing single-use plastics in the workplace is one step closer to establishing a global culture of awareness and concern for the environment.

Slide 4

How does this relate to me?

So, how does this relate to me? For this, I have 4 reasons. First, I have read and been a part of a community that believes that the world can be made a better place if plastics are eliminated from the natural world. At the moment, marine wildlife is at the mercies of the decisions we make today as humans. As a result, I found that we use a lot of plastics during the day in the workplace, a starting point for an innovative idea to reduce single-use plastics available. From my own experience, people want the convenience of using plastics for single uses without thinking about the consequences such actions have on the natural environment. I also have a desire to contribute positively to the betterment of the natural environment, a goal I can achieve by helping to reduce plastic waste in the environment.

Slide 5

Research

I now move on to the research section. The following is the research I have done in order to attain a final solution to the aforementioned problem: The use of single-use plastics is increasing in popularity across the world. These plastics are toxic to the natural ecosystems that they damage, and they are a disagreeable sight to see. About 43% of the plastics consumed is discarded after only a single use, as per the findings of (Borrelle et al., 2020). Bags, bottles, trays, and food packaging are examples of items that we use on a regular basis. It’s readily available at supermarkets and other retail outlets.

Slide 6

Further Research

It is also important that I mention the following. The use of these plastics has a significant impact on global warming (Haward, 2018). Consumer demand for action on plastic pollution has reached previously unheard-of levels as a result of the disastrous impact of plastic waste on our seas and natural environments. Every day, fresh pledges to minimize plastic waste and enhance product design in order to address “end of life” issues are made by businesses in response to public outcry. Despite the efforts of companies to reduce trash and promote recycling (Jia, Evans, and Van der Linden, 2019), the contents of rubbish bins frequently reveal a different story. It is become an addiction for individuals from all walks of life to engage in plastic pollution, despite the fact that it is a terrible threat to the health of our world.

Slide 7

Research Data

This slide shows a global map of parts of the world where single use plastics have either been fully banned, partially banned, banned under consideration, or not banned at all. It is important to note that Africa and some parts of Europe are leading in the fight, despite being some of the lowest consumers of plastic by volume.

Slide 8

More Research

The global production of plastics versus laws introduced to check and monitor the same and the population increment over time is presented in this chart. The chart shows that global production has increased steadily over the years surpassing the population growth. Laws introduced to curb plastic production have only started to be effected from 2008 to date.

Slide 9

Market Survey

Next, I explain how I arrived at my idea. A market survey in the workplace with 40 employees in different age groups and gender in an attempt to discuss the commitment and interest on people to have less single-use plastics and to contribute to the idea by reducing individual consumption while in the office and at home. About 60% of the participants were highly interest and eager to begin. About 20% were somewhat interested. 15% showed sight interest. 5% were not interest at all.

Slide 10

Empathy Map

Here, I will show how people conceptualize the problem and the proposed solutions.

In the THINK AND FEEL category:

Sustainability is very important

Recycling will make a difference in the world

Single-use plastics are worse than any other forms of plastics

Guilty when there is no opportunity to recycle

In the SEE category:

Climate change and environmental issues disregarded by policy makers

Confusing recycling labels and policies

Not enough people recycling

Organizations encouraging manufacture and use of single-use plastics

Images of marine life affected by plastics

In the HEAR category:

Confusing and unclear recycling labels and rules

Very hard to recycle plastics in the workplace

Climate change issues is a bit confusing

Individual efforts not enough to help reduce single-use plastics

Corporates have a bigger role than individuals

In the SAY & DO category:

Shares posters and news information regarding conservation

Reads rules on recycling

Avoids single-use plastics

Recycles all the time even when unsure

Sometimes goes for convenience above recycling

The PAINS are summarized as:

Recycling rules

Recycling labels

Cost involved

Inconvenience

Time consuming

Hard to find recycling facilities and tools

The GAINS include:

Renewed interest

Help in reducing pollution and waste

Encouraging others to join in creating sustainability

Better understanding of need for recycling

More ways to help the natural environment

The above came from all the surveys and past literature on the subject of single-use plastics and why people continue to choose convenience of using these plastic products over sustainability. An emerging issue is that recycling is still unclear and the rules are confusing.

Slide 11

Problem Definition

In this section, I will provide information on the problem. The overall purpose is eliminating single-use plastics in the workplace and the primary design is to increase recycling and show the need to reduce the use of plastics. The secondary design is to promote a culture of sustainability through recycling and care for the natural environment. The main differentiator is the organizational culture. The organizational culture will impact how and why employees engage in the proposed culture of recycling and reduction of single-use plastics.

Slide 12

Ideation Process

The process involved a rigorous exercise to come up with ideas to implement the proposed cultural change. We were able to narrow down to the following main ideas: Technology, organizational culture, social media, conventional recycling tools and equipment, and social influencers.

Slide 13

Mind Map

Here, I present some of the rigorous and difficult process of thinking and rethinking different ideas to come up with an acceptable solution.

Slide 14

Conventional Ideas

We decided to use technology and mobile apps because of its ability to reach more people and to remain a constant in individual’s life. It also presents the advantage of lower cost, highest impact, innovativeness and uniqueness., and is aligned to organizational goals. Conventional ideas have generally failed to be effective.

Slide 15

Prototyping

This was another very time consuming and high intensity section that saw us come up with ideas and basic functions for the mobile app. We settled on: the use of a dedicated single-use plastic monitor app (iRecycle), specially designed for the organization and its affiliates. The way this will work is that the iRecycle app will help reduce individual plastic consumption and give open-display results for members of the organization to see. The app will then provide calculations and estimates for the entire organization compared to global figures. It will also provide sustainable alternatives that factor in cost and effectiveness given each users individual usage statistics. The idea is to create a culture of recycling and consciousness around the issue of reducing every user’s personal plastic footprint.

Slide 16

Homepage

Here is an improved homepage and the start page in the app showing a user all of the available reuse, recycling, and reducing options.

Slide 17

Description of Prototyping Process

In this slide, I show how we arrived at a suitable idea to link the iRecyle app with the need to reduce single use plastics.

Slide 18

Improvements to the Prototype

After prototyping and testing, we made improvements by synchronizing individual information with the company in order to tally our efforts and come up with performance metrics.

Slide 19

Implementation

Owing to the fact that the iRecycle app already exists, we only saw the need to hire a developer to reprogram the application in order to send individual statistics to the organization and to prioritize a recycling map over other forms of alternatives provided by the mobile app. The developer will provide more directions on how to make the app smoother for people to use it not just for the organizational aim but also for individual journey towards helping the environment. The funding for this would be provided by the organization as a part of its CSR journey and to fulfil its role in the community.

Slide 20

Follow Up

As a part of the follow up, it is expected that the overall culture of the organization will change to include more awareness to individual plastic footprint in the future.

Slide 21

Conclusion

To sum up, a simple every-day problem was taken and converted to an opportunity to make a difference through innovative designs. The prototype mobile app aforementioned will help many people and organizations to realize a vision that many hold dear yet have not been able to achieve. In the entire process, my experience has shown me that if we put in the effort and inventiveness, everything may be converted into something beautiful.

Thank you all for your time. I hope we all benefit from making our spaces better than we found them. I will now take any questions you may have.

Insightful post (2)

Insightful post! I enjoyed reading your post. I like how you have extensively explained the aims of Burroughs when writing the piece “From Junky.” I concur with you that after reading Burroughs’ excerpt, we notice that things are not always as they seem. He explains about the rot in 103rd and Broadway. He talks about peddling and abuse of drugs, especially Heroin. William talks about how Heroin is smuggled from Mexico and abused on Broadway. Definition of Heroin is a drug that is commonly abused worldwide, and it derives from opium. He vividly describes how peddling activities occurred in his neighborhood. Burroughs also talks about drug addiction and its effects.

Insightful post

Insightful post! I have enjoyed reading your post and I like the way you have discussed your knowledge about antisocial personality disorder. I tend to concur with you that antisocial personality disorder involves an irresponsible, often criminal, and impulsive behaviour.

However, I would like to compliment you on the fact that you have taken the time to discuss and highlight some of the similarities and differences between antisocial personality disorder and other personality disorders.

I recognize that there is always a need for further research in this regard, since the condition can cause irreversible damage to both the individual and any relationship he may be involved in at the moment. I find it interesting that you have not necessarily agreed with the fact that antisocial personality disorder is the same as sociopathy, but you have highlighted the obvious difficulties in diagnosing these conditions. In my opinion, it is very difficult to diagnose anyone with any personality disorder, but this is especially true of people who are unable to accurately assess their own feelings and emotions.

I am pleased that you have recognized how similarities exist between antisocial personality disorder and some other disorders such as narcissistic and borderline personality disorders. You have not only made connections to other disorders but you have also highlighted how differences exist between them. It appears fair to me that they are still different diseases; they just share some common traits which provide a few pointers as to their phenomenology.

Insomnia and Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders

Insomnia and Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders

Student’s name

Institutional affiliation

Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorder is a term used to refer to conditions that affect sleep timing, duration, and quality and affect the individual’s ability to function properly when awake. Sleep disorders tend to lead to other medical issues and some may signify underlying mental health problems. The American Sleep Disorders Association published the first classification for sleep disorders in 1979. However, the understanding and knowledge of sleep health have transformed tremendously in the last four decades. Over 100 specific sleep disorders are known today and today’s classifications are based on criteria such as symptoms, causes, physiological effects and other criteria. Common signs of sleep disorders include difficulty falling asleep, trouble staying awake during daytime, circadian rhythm imbalance, and unusual behavior that disrupts sleep.

Insomnia is a sleeping disorder characterized by the recurring difficulty to remain or fall asleep despite the means and motivation to do so. Individuals that struggle with insomnia tend to encounter excessive sleepiness during the day and other cognitive impairments when awake. Insomnia is deemed chronic when the patients show the symptoms for a minimum of 3 times a week for 3 months (Patel, Steinberg, & Patel, 2018). According to recent statistics, one-third of adults grapple with some form of insomnia. Causes of insomnia include poor sleep habits, stress, eating a lot in the evening, and -tight work schedules. Other causes include post-partum and PMS. Symptoms of insomnia include having worries concerning sleep, waking up at night, having a hard time falling asleep, increased accidents, waking up too early, difficulty focusing, not feeling rested after sleeping, irritability, and daytime tiredness.

Sleep apnea is a sleep-related sleep disorder that takes place as a result of a blocked upper airway. People that have the condition wake up gasping for air or choking. Sleep apnea is also characterized by sleep apnea. Sleep apnea, like other sleeping disorders is caused by excessive fatigue and daytime dryness and numerous cognitive impairments. Sleep apnea is categorized into obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). Sleep apnea is associated with other health issues such as heart disease and PTSD. Additionally, a link has been established between teeth grinding and sleep apnea.

Understanding the negative effects of insomnia on the mind is important. Sleep deprivation disrupts normal body and brain functioning. When one is sleep deprived, it means that they are not getting a sufficient amount of sleep. The average adult needs between seven to nine hours of daily sleep for optimal functioning. Lack of sleep especially affects cognitive functions. Insufficient sleep causes mood swings, sleep deprivation, headaches, and judgment and memory impairment. Lack of sleep also tends to cause clumsiness, weight loss, and weight gain. The effects of sleep deprivation on the brain vary depending on whether one is partially sleep deprived or total deprived. Partial sleep deprivation is when one sleeps for insufficient amount of time to rest. It goes unnoticed until the buildup of sleep deficit. Sleep deprivation has arguably dangerous and life-threatening effects. Partial sleep deprivation causes impaired and slower thinking in the prefrontal cortex (Rundo, 2019). This part is responsible for higher functions such as executive function, language, and creativity. Total sleep deprivation is when a person an entire night without sleeping. A person’s ability to finish tasks with accuracy and speed decreases with sleep deprivation. In a clinical setting, knowledge about sleep deprivation is important in helping clinicians understand their patients’ health problems and recommend the necessary help.

References

Patel, D., Steinberg, J., & Patel, P. (2018). Insomnia in the elderly: a review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(6), 1017-1024.

Rundo, J. V. (2019). Obstructive sleep apnea basics. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 86(9 Suppl 1), 2-9.