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instructional_plan

Instructional Plan

Student’s Name

Grade Course

Tutor’s Name

Date

GENERAL INFORMATION

Lesson Title & Subject(s):

Formatting – Teaching instructional plan

Topic or Unit of Study:

Teaching reading and summary writing

Grade/Level:

Middle school

Instructional Setting:

18 students (African-American)

Reading and summary writing

The learning environment is the classroom

Groups of two students and, later on, individual work

STANDARDS AND OBJECTIVES

Your State Core Curriculum/Student Achievement Standard(s):

The learners should demonstrate fluency in reading and writing, in-depth understanding of class activities, and sophistication of writing skills. Standards to be achieved are:

McREL: Learner will read the given samples and write a summary of the content.

McREL: Learners will use the required vocabulary in speech.

TESOL: “Students will use appropriate strategies to construct and apply academic knowledge” (Yasuda, 2014, p. 132).

Lesson Goals:

The purpose of the lesson is to enable learners to read and write a summary report.

Lesson Objective(s):

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Show understanding of the content read.

Write a clear and understandable summary of what has been read.

The summary should give indications that the learners can communicate well through their writing (White, Houchins, Viel-Ruma & Dever, 2014).

 

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

Instructional Materials:

English textbook

Chalkboard demonstration accompanied by overhead projector

Tablets having various articles

Computer with audio device to assist in pronunciation and vocabulary

 PLAN

Sequence of Instructional Procedures/Activities/Events

Identification of Student Prerequisite Skills Needed for Lesson:

The previous lesson was about introduction on reading comprehension. Today’s lesson will involve reading and summarizing the articles/comprehension obtained on the tablets. Computers will assist in pronunciation of unfamiliar words. Learners should be attentive and participate in areas required (White et al., 2014).

Presentation of New Information or Modeling:

The new term is summary writing, and it means writing down the main points of a comprehension on the tablets. The teacher will demonstrate to the learners by reading aloud a sample story displayed by the overhead projector and summarize the main points of the story.

Guided Practice:

The learners will be required to follow the sample displayed by the overhead projector. The tablets will contain the story to be summarized. The teacher should go round checking the progress and guiding the groups.

Independent Student Practice:

After the group discussion, each student should sit alone and write down the main points of the story he or she read on the tablet. In the case of any mistake noted, the learner should be guided in making the correction.

Culminating or Closing Procedure/Activity/Event:

Before the end of the lesson, each learner will come in front of the class and read out loud the points were written down (Yasuda, 2014). This will help see the progress made in the lesson and also check any area that requires clarification.

Pedagogical Strategy (or Strategies):

Both cooperative learning and direct instructional strategies will be used. Direct instructions will be given to the respective groups, and then the group members will cooperate to ensure they get the work done. Working in groups will ensure the group members assist each other when the teacher is helping the other groups.

Differentiated Instruction:

The English language to be used should be simple to enable every learner to understand. The speed of teaching will be fair to accommodate all the learners.

Student Assessment/Rubrics:

The teacher will ask questions relating to what has been taught and learned. The questions will relate to the main points learned in the comprehension. This will be a formative assessment. It will bring out what has been understood and parts learners have difficulties. Summative assessment will also be done at the end of learning the outcome. This will involve high-stakes assessment (Yasuda, 2014).

References

White, M. W., Houchins, D. E., Viel-Ruma, K. A., & Dever, B. V. (2014). Effects of

Direct Instruction Plus Procedural Facilitation on the Expository Writing of Adolescents with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities in Residential Schools. Education and Treatment of Children, 37(4), 567-587.

Yasuda, S. (2014). Exploring changes in FL writers’ meaning-making choices in

summary writing: A systemic functional approach. Journal of Second Language Writing.

Instructions for Final Paper

Instructions for Final Paper

Econ 110G

This class requires a final paper and a brief presentation (4-5 minutes). The paper should be about five pages in length and should focus on a clear question about economics and some aspect of the material covered in the class. You should use at least one data source (for example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics at bls.gov, the Census Bureau at consus.gov, the Bureau of Economic Analysis at bea.gov) and the paper should include at least one table or chart.

You must also use at least three articles outside of the assigned readings.

Possible topics for your paper would include questions such as:

What are the levels of unemployment across different demographic groups (by age, ethnicity, gender) and what might that mean for your own job prospects?

How does income inequality affect the economy?

What are the economic policies of the current administration?

How has the Affordable Care Act worked since it started in 2014?

What are the job prospects forecast for today’s college graduates?

What are the prospects for bringing back high-paying jobs to the US in coal/manufacturing, etc.?

Should the federal minimum wage be raised to $15/hour?

These are just a few suggestions and we will talk about other possibilities and your own ideas in class. You may also want to do research on the economies of countries besides the US.

Grades will be based on the following criteria:

You have formulated a clear question.

Your paper answers the question and draws a clear conclusion.

You make good use of sources and quotations to support points and show the current state of discussion/debate on your topic.

The quality of your writing is high, consistent with being a college student.

Your paper is well organized, so that a reader can easily follow your logic and research.

You use data to support conclusions.

You use reliable, high-quality sources of information.

You use at least three sources outside of the assigned readings. You also include at least one table or chart using data to support points.

Instructions for Paper I Study One Literature Review Instructions

Instructions for Paper I: Study One Literature Review Instructions (Worth 25 Points)

Ryan J. Winter

Florida International University

Purpose of Paper I: Study One Literature Review

1). Psychological Purpose

This paper serves several purposes, the first of which is helping you gain insight into research papers in psychology. As this may be your first time reading and writing papers in psychology, one goal of Paper I is to give you insight into what goes into such papers. This study one-lit review will help you a). better understand the psychology topic chosen for the course this semester (Terror Management Theory), b). learn about the various sections of an empirical research report by reading five peer-reviewed articles (that is, articles that have a Title Page, Abstract, Literature Review, Methods Section, Results Section, and References Page), and c). use information gathered from research articles in psychology to help support your hypotheses for your first study this semester (Terror Management Theory). Of course, you’ll be doing a study two literature review later in the semester, so think of this Paper I as the first part of your semester long paper. I recommend looking at the example Paper V, actually, to see what your final paper will look like. It might give you a better idea about how this current paper (as well as Papers II, III, and IV) all fit together into your final paper of the semester.

In this current paper (Paper I), you will read five research articles, summarize what the authors did and what they found, and use those summaries to support your Terror Management Theory hypothesis. IMPORTANT: Yes you need five references, but keep in mind that you can spend a lot of time summarizing a few of them and just a sentence or two summarizing others. Thus spend more time on the more relevant summaries!

For this paper, start your paper broadly and then narrow your focus (think about the hourglass example provided in the lecture). My suggestion is to give a brief overview of your paper topic in your opening paragraph, hinting at the research variables you plan to look at for study one. Your next paragraphs will review prior research (those five references required for this paper). Make sure to draw connections between these papers, using smooth transitions between paragraphs. Your final paragraphs should use the research you just summarized to support your research hypothesis. In other words, this first paper will look like the literature reviews for the five research articles you are summarizing for this assignment. Use those articles as examples! See what they did and mimic their style! Here, though, you will end the paper after providing your hypothesis. In Paper II, you will pick the topic up again, but in that future paper you will talk about your own study methods and results.

2). APA Formatting Purpose

The second purpose of Paper I: Study One Literature Review is to teach you proper American Psychological Association (APA) formatting. In the instructions below, I tell you how to format your paper using APA style. There are a lot of very specific requirements in APA papers, so pay attention to the instructions below as well as Chapter 14 in your textbook!

3). Writing Purpose

Finally, this paper is intended to help you grow as a writer. Few psychology classes give you the chance to write papers and receive feedback on your work. This class will! We will give you extensive feedback on your first few paper in terms of content, spelling, and grammar. You will even be able to revise aspects of Paper I and include them in future papers (most notably Papers III and V). My hope is that you craft a paper that could be submitted to an empirical journal. Thus readers may be familiar with APA style but not your specific topic. Your job is to educate them on the topic and make sure they understand how your study design advances the field of psychology.

Instructions for Paper I: Study One Literature Review (Worth 25 Points)

Students: Below are lengthy instructions on how to write your study one literature review. There is also a checklist at the end of this document, which I recommend you print out and “check off” before submitting your final paper (we are sticklers for APA format, so make sure it is correct!)

Title Page: I expect the following format. (5 Points)

You must have a header and page numbers on each page.

If you don’t know how to insert headers, ask your instructor or watch this very helpful video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY.

The header goes at the top of the paper and it is left justified.

Use “Insert Headers” or click on the top of the page to open the header. Make sure to select the “Different first page” option so that your title page header will differ from subsequent pages

The R in Running head is capitalized but the “h” is lower case, followed by a colon and a short title (in ALL CAPS). This short running head title can be the same one as the rest of your paper or it can differ – the choice is yours, but it should be no more than 50 characters including spaces and punctuation

Insert a page number as well. The header is flush left, but the page number is flush right.

Want an example header? Look at the title page of these instructions! You can use other titles depending on your own preferences (e.g. TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY; MORTALITY SALIENCE; DEATH AND PROGRESS; PRIMING DEATH; etc.).

Your Title should be midway up the page, with your name (First Last) and the name of your institution (FIU) beneath the title. For this class, only your own name will go on this paper. Double space everything!

Again, see my “Title” page above as an example

You can also refer to Chapter 14 in your textbook

This Title Page section will be on page 1

Literature Review Section (12 points)

First page of your literature review (Page 2)

Proper header with page numbers. Your running head title will appear in the header of your page WITHOUT the phrase “Running head”. To insert this header, use the headers program.

The title of your paper should be on the first line of page two, centered. It is IDENTICAL to the title on your title page. Just copy and paste it!

The beginning text for your paper follows on the next line

Citations for the literature review

Your paper must cite a minimum of five (5) empirical research articles that are based on studies conducted in psychology. That is, each of the three citations you use should have a literature review, a methods section, a results section, a conclusion/discussion, and references.

For this first paper, you MUST use at least three of the five articles provided in the blackboard folder. You can use four if you like, but your must use three at minimum – however, you cannot use all five. For that fifth article, you must find it using PsycInfo. There are some other conditions for this fifth article that you must follow:

First, remember that the fifth article cannot be any of the five found in the blackboard folder.

Second, for your fifth article, it can be based on a wide variety of topics, including general Terror Management Theory, Mortality Salience, priming, autobiographical writing, optimism bias, pessimism bias, social cognition, bio- or neuro-psychology literature, confirmation bias, research assessment, etc. Trust me, there are TONS of topics that can help you in your paper. Just choose one that will help you support your experimental hypothesis for your Terror Management Theory study. That is, it has to help you justify your study one hypothesis (all students are using this same hypothesis, so make sure to read it. You can find it in the researcher instructions along with the questionnaires you are giving to participants. I actually suggest copying and pasting that hypothesis into this first paper at the end).

Finally, you can have more than five references if you want, but you must have a minimum of five references.

Proper citations must be made in the paper – give credit where credit is due, and don’t make claims that cannot be validated.

If you use a direct quote, make sure to provide a page number for where you found that quote in the citations. Do not directly quote too often, though. You can have no more than two direct quotes in the whole paper (though no quotes would be even better). Instead, I would like you to paraphrase when possible.

Requirements for the information in your literature review

Your study one literature review should use prior research as a starting point, narrowing down the main theme of your specific project – think about the hourglass example I gave in class.

The last part of your literature review should narrow down your focus onto your own study, eventually ending in your study hypothesis. However, DO NOT go into specific details about your methods. You talk about your specific methods in Paper II in a few weeks.

Again, to make it clear, at the end of your paper you will give an overview of your research question, providing your specific predictions/hypotheses.

The literature review must have minimum of two (2) full pages NOT INCLUDING THE HYPOTHESES. It has a maximum of five (5) pages (thus, with the title page and references page, the paper should be between 4.5 and 7 pages). If it is only two pages and a half pages (again, including the hypotheses), it better be really, really good. I don’t think I could do this paper justice in fewer than three full pages, so if yours isn’t at least three pages I doubt it will get a good grade.

References (6 points)

The References section starts on its own page, with the word References centered. Use proper APA format in this section or you will lose points.

All five references that you cited in the literature review must be in this section (there should be more than five references here if you cited more than five articles, which is fine in this paper). However, at least three must come from the article folder on blackboard while the remaining two can come from either the last blackboard paper or two new ones from psychinfo. Only peer-reviewed articles are allowed here (no books, journals, websites, or other secondary resources are allowed for paper one).

For references, make sure you:

use alphabetical ordering (start with the last name of the first author)

use the authors’ last names but only the initials of their first/middle name

give the date in parentheses – e.g. (2007).

italicize the name of the journal article

give the volume number, also in italics

give the page numbers (not italicized) for articles

provide the doi (digital object identifier) if present (not italicized)

Writing Quality (2 Points)

This includes proper grammar and spelling. I recommend getting feedback on your paper from the Pearson Writer program prior uploading it on Blackboard.

Between the title page, literature review, and reference page, I expect a minimum of 4 pages and a maximum of 7 pages for this assignment. But like I said, the shorter the paper, the less likely it is to get a good grade, so aim for 5 pages minimum.

The above information is required for your paper, but I wanted to provide a few tips about writing your literature review as well. Students often struggle with the first paper, but hopefully this will give you some good directions:

First, remember that you need 5 references, all of which MUST be peer-reviewed (three coming from the blackboard folder and one or two that you find on your own using PsycInfo).

Second, I don’t expect a lengthy discussion for each and every article that you cite. You might spend a page talking about Article A and a sentence or two on Article B. The amount of time you spend describing an article you read should be proportional to how important it is in helping you defend your hypotheses. See if there is a prior study that looks a lot like yours (hint – there is at least one, which I based this study on, but you’ll have to find it on your own!). I would expect you to spend more time discussing that prior research since it is hugely relevant to your own study. If an article you read simply supports a global idea that ties into your study but has very different methods (like “frustrated people get mad!”), you can easily mention it in a sentence or two without delving into a lot of detail. Tell a good story in your literature review, but only go into detail about plot elements that have a direct bearing on your study!

Third, this paper is all about supporting your hypotheses. Know what your hypotheses are before you write the paper, as it will help you determine how much time to spend on each article you are citing. My suggestion is to spend some time describing the nature of the Terror Management Theory, and then talking about studies that looked at this area. Use those studies to help defend your own study hypothesis. That is, “Since they found X in this prior study, that helps support the hypothesis in the present study”. Do you remember your two hypotheses? Okay, I’ll be really helpful here. BELOW are your hypotheses. In your paper, support it! Just remember that the rest of your paper needs to be at least two pages NOT INCLUDING the hypothesis below. In other words, including the hypotheses below, your actual text for your paper should be at least two and a half pages!

First, we predict that participants who wrote about death should complete more word-fragments with death-related words (e.g. SKU_ _ with SKULL, COFF_ _ with COFFIN, and DE_ _ with DEAD) than participants who wrote about dental pain or getting into college (who will complete the same word fragments with neutral words, like SKUNK, COFFEE, and DEAL). Second, we predict that participants who wrote about death will disagree with the pessimistic position of the human progress essay author more than participants in the other two conditions.

Finally, make sure to proofread, proofread, proofread! Use the Pearson Writer for help, but note that their suggestions are just that – suggestions. It is up to you to make sure the flow of the paper is easy to understand. Good luck!

Checklist – Paper One: Study One Literature Review

Use the check sheet below to make sure your paper is the best it can be! Make sure you answer “Yes” to all questions before submitting your paper or you will lose points!

General Paper Format

Yes No Is everything in your paper (including headers, the main body of your study one literature review, and references) in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Is everything in your paper double spaced, including references (here I mean the spacing above and below each line, not the spaces following a period)?

Do you have one inch margins on all sides of the paper (one inch from the top of the page, one inch from the bottom, and one inch from each side)

Are the first lines of all paragraphs indented roughly ½ inch?

Are your paragraphs aligned left? (That is, text should be flush left, with lines lining up on the left of the page, but text should NOT line up on the right side of the page – it should look ragged)

Do you need help figuring out how to configure a word document in APA format (inserting headers, page numbers, proper indents, etc.)? If YES or NO, I highly recommend watching this video which walks you through setting up an APA formatted paper! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY​ 

Title page

Yes No Header

Do you have the phrase “Running head” in your header (with a lower case h)?

Is the rest of your Running head title in ALL CAPS?

Is your Running head in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Do you have a page number that is flush right (also in 12 point Times New Roman font)?

Title / Name / Institution

Is your title 12 words or less (as recommended by the APA)?

Do all title words with four letters or more start with a capital letter?

Are your name and institution correct?

Are your title, name, and institution elements centered and in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Literature Review

Yes No Header

Is your header title present and identical to your header title on the title page?

Is your header title in ALL CAPS and 12 point Times New Roman font?

Does your header on this second page omit the phrase “Running head”

Do you have a page number starting on page 2

Title for the literature review

Do you have the identical title you used on the title page rewritten at the top of your literature review?

Is this title centered?

Literature Review Continued

Yes No Main body of the literature review

Does your literature review start broadly, giving a brief overview of the paper to come?

Does your literature review start to narrow down toward your hypotheses?

Do your paragraphs transition from one to the next? (That is, avoid simply listing studies you read. Tie them together. How does Study A in paragraph A relate to Study B in paragraph B?)

Does your paper end in your hypotheses?

Is your paper at least two pages long (not including the hypotheses)?

Citations for the literature review

Did you cite a minimum of 5 citations? (Note that you can give a lot of detail for some articles you cite but only a sentence or two for others. How much detail you go into depends on how important the article is in helping your support your hypotheses)

Are your citations in APA format (That is, ONLY the last name of the author(s) and date of publication)?

Note that you do NOT include first names, initials, or the title of the article the authors wrote when citing. That information belongs in the references pages only.

Also note that you only use an ampersand – the & symbol – when it occurs within parentheses. In other instances, use the word “and”

If you quoted, did you provide a page number for the direct quote?

If you paraphrased in any way, did you cite the source of that information?

References Page

Yes No Title for the references page

Do references start on their own page?

Is the word “References” centered?

References – Make sure these are in APA format!

Are references listed in alphabetical order (starting with the last name of the first author listed)?

Are all citations from the literature review referenced?

Is the first line of the reference flush left while subsequent lines are indented (Note: Use the ruler function for this. DO NOT simply tab)?

Did you use the “&” symbol when listing more than one author name?

Did you include the date of publication

For article references, is the article title (which is not italicized) present, with only the first word and proper names starting with a capital letter?

For article references, is the name of the journal present with all major words starting with a capital letter (Note: this journal title is italicized)?

For article references, is the volume number italicized

For article references, are the page numbers present (not italicized)

For article references, is the DOI present

Instructions for Paper III Study Two Literature Review (Worth 35

Instructions for Paper III: Study Two Literature Review (Worth 35 Points)

Ryan J. Winter

Florida International University

Purpose of Paper III: Study Two Literature Review

1). Psychological Purpose

Paper III is intended to help you take your original Terror Management Theory study one step further by letting you predict how a second independent variable of your lab’s choosing impacts participants. In this replication with extension study, you have a greater role in a). choosing which articles to include in your follow-up literature review as well as b). identifying how this new variable influences your hypotheses. The bulk of your points in Paper III will come from a new paper “literature review”, but like journal articles you have probably read before this second literature review comes between the discussion from study one and before the methods for study two. That is, your Paper III will include your original literature review from study one (revised based on feedback from Paper I), your study one methods, results, and discussion (revised based on feedback from Paper II), and a new literature review that both focuses on the results of study one but adds in new information and references for study two.

In other words, Paper III includes:

1). Your original title page (though feel free to change the title)

2). Your revised study one literature review (ending in the study one hypotheses).

3). Your revised study one methods section.

4). Your revised study one results section.

5). Your revised study one discussion section.

6). Your new study two literature review (ending in the study two hypotheses).

7). References for all citations in the paper (minimum 10 references required)

8). Your appendices from study one

The largest number of Paper III points are provided for your new study two literature review. Unlike your study one literature review, your study two literature review will essentially pick up after study one. Think of it as a “sequel” of sorts. It builds on and extends study one’s Terror Management Theory manipulation, using some of the same independent variable (Mortality Salience versus Dental Pain) and similar dependent variables (e.g. Number of word-fragments completed with death-related words) but altering or extending them into a new study design. The good news here is that you can refer to study one as you write your study two literature review. In fact, that is something I encourage. You can also refer back to your study one literature review sources.

The bulk of this study two literature review concerns a second independent variable that you and your lab will manipulate during the second part of the semester. You will need to find five references (minimum) for this second independent variable, hopefully finding sources that show how you can build a bridge between the two studies. In other words, in Paper III you will answer the following question: “Given our findings in study one, how will the presence of a second independent variable impact participant decisions?”

You should end your literature review by noting your specific hypotheses for the study. Here, you will address both main effects (outcomes associated with each independent variable alone) and interactions (the combined impact of your independent variables).

2). APA Formatting Purpose

The second purpose of Paper III: Literature Review is to once again teach you proper American Psychological Association (APA) formatting. In the pages below, I will tell you how to format your paper using APA style. There are a lot of very specific requirements in APA papers, so pay attention to the instructions below as well as Chapter 14 in your book!

3). Writing Purpose

Finally, this paper is intended to help you refine your writing. My hope is that you will use feedback from Paper I and Paper II to improve your grammar, spelling, and content in Paper III. At the end of the semester, you will actually use Paper III as the opening section for your final course paper, so doing a good writing job Paper III will be very beneficial as you revise your papers for Paper V. Many students use Paper V as their writing sample for graduate programs, so make sure you write clearly and precisely for an educated reader!

Instructions for Paper III: Study Two Literature Review (Worth 35 Points)

This paper will cover both study one (including the literature review, methods section, results section, and brief discussion from that study) and the introduction literature review to study two. This paper essentially tells the literature oriented story of your semester long project thus far. Your main job is to justify your study two predictions, and you do that by both showing how study one influenced your choice of variables in study two as well as citing prior research that supports your second independent variable in study two. At the end of the study two literature review section, you will provide your own study predictions.

The good news is that we are continuing with our topic of the Terror Management Theory study. You wrote a lot on that already, so here you simply add to it, noting in a second “literature review) section how a second independent variable might interact with the Mortality Salience manipulation from study one. Here are the components to keep in mind. By now, a lot of this should be familiar to you, so you’ll see a lot of overlap with the instructions and checklists from Paper I and Paper II.

Title Page: I expect the following format (1 point):

This title page is a lot like the title page on your Papers I and II. See my “Title” page above as an example or reuse your title page from prior papers (though you may need to modify your title given your new IVs in this study).

You must have a header and page numbers on each page.

If you don’t know how to insert headers, ask your instructor or watch this very helpful video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY.

The header goes at the top of the paper and it is left justified.

Use “Insert Headers” or click on the top of the page to open the header. Make sure to select the “Different first page” option so that your title page header will differ from subsequent pages

The R in Running head is capitalized but the h is lower case, followed by a colon and a short title (in ALL CAPS). This short running head title can be the same one as the rest of your paper or it can differ – the choice is yours, but it should be no more than 50 characters including spaces and punctuation

Insert a page number as well. While the header is flush left, the page number is flush right.

Want an example header? Look at the title page of these instructions! You can use other titles depending on your own preferences (e.g. TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY; MORTALITY SALIENCE; DEATH AND PROGRESS; PRIMING DEATH; etc.).

Your Title should be midway up the page, with your name (First Last) and the name of your institution (FIU) beneath the title. For this class, only your own name will go on this paper. Double space everything!

You can also refer to Chapter 14 in your textbook

Abstract, Graphs, and Tables? These are optional – Ask your lab instructor about them:

You DO NOT need an abstract for Paper III: Study Two Literature Review and you DO NOT need a table or figure. You can include them if you want, but they will not be graded and they will not factor into the length of the paper. Check with your lab instructor to see if they prefer to see abstracts and tables.

Literature Review Study One (3 points)

Make sure to revise the study one literature review from Paper I based on feedback to that paper. The Paper I instructions still apply for that second in Paper II, so reread those instructions if you need a reminder on the requirements for your study one literature review.

For Paper III, you will need ten references total. You already have five for the study one literature review, so feel free to keep those same references. You can also add a few or take away a few from the study one literature review and make-up the difference in the study two literature review section (#7 below). That is, you can have seven references for study one and three for study two, or six for study one and four for study two, etc. My advice – keep your five references from study one and include five additional references for the study two literature review.

Just remember to revise, revise, revise your study one lit review. If we made recommendations for improvement and you don’t change a word, you’ll lose all three points in this section!

Methods Study One (3 points)

Revise your methods from study one for this section based on feedback we gave you in Paper II. The Paper II instructions for methods still apply for this section.

Again, revise, revise, revise or risk losing all points in this section

Results Study One (3 points)

Revise your results from study one for this section based on feedback we gave you in Paper II. The Paper II instructions for the results still apply for this section.

Do I need to mention revise?

Discussion Study One (1 point)

Revise your discussion from study one for this section based on feedback we gave you in Paper II. The Paper II instructions for the discussion still apply for this section.

One word – revise!

Literature Review Study Two (10 points)

APA formatting for the first page of your literature review

Your study two literature review starts right after the discussion for study one. There is no page break, so have it come right after the discussion on the very next line.

APA formatted citations for the literature review

Between the literature review for study one and the literature review for study two, you have to have at least ten references combined. If you have five references in the study one lit review, you need five more here. If you have seven for study one, you need three here. In total, at least eight of these ten references must be based on empirical research reports (that is, each of these eight cited articles should have a literature review, a methods section, a results section, a conclusion/discussion, and references). The remaining two sources can also be primary sources, but you may also use secondary sources (books, law reviews, newspaper articles, etc.). Of course I would recommend sticking with all primary sources, but the choice is yours for the other two citations. Note: Internet blogs and Wikipedia are not acceptable as secondary sources. Here is a bit more to note:

As in Paper I, I am not setting a maximum on the number of citations you can use, but between studies one and two you need at minimum ten of them! These may overlap among students, so it is okay to read the same articles as some of your classmates. You can use all of the articles posted on blackboard for Paper I if you want, but note that you will need to find some new references as well (especially ones that focus on your second independent variable).

Referring to your first study does not count as a reference.

Proper citations must be made in the paper – give credit where it is due, and don’t make claims that cannot be validated! If it sounds like a fact, then you must provide a citation to support that fact

DO NOT plagiarize. You will turn this in on blackboard, and we can check for plagiarism via turn-it-in. Paraphrasing is okay, but you must still cite the original author even if you do not use his or her words verbatim. If you rewrite what they say, it is still them that had the original idea, and they deserve credit for it

If you directly quote a source, make sure to provide a page number for where you found that quote. However, I prefer paraphrasing to direct quotes. I allow three quotes total for the whole paper (including the two that I allowed in Paper I). If you quote more than three times you will lose one point for each additional quote.

Content-based requirements for your study two literature review

Your study two literature review should use your study one results and prior research studies as a jumping off point, once again starting with a broad theme and then narrowing it down – think about the hourglass example your instructors have given you. Now imagine that you have a second hourglass right below the original one. You can start broadly again with information about the new study independent variable, and then once again narrow down as you near your hypotheses for study two.

Think about your study two literature review this way: You are writing a sequel to study one, so your new story picks up where that story left off.

I want you to pay close attention to your own brief discussion from study one (Paper II discussion). You drew some conclusions there, but now is your chance to build on those conclusions. At the beginning of your new study two story, your audience knows some of the story from study one, so there is no need to rewrite what you already presented. Rather, you need to set the stage for the new sequel storyline. Introduce your new “character”, or your new independent variable. Talk about this somewhat in isolation (what does research say about this variable on its own). Once you define and clarify what this new variable is and how it has been used in prior research, start to show how it connects to your own study one.

For example, let’s say your new independent variable is “the effect of warnings on behavior”, with warning versus no warning as the two levels of the new IV. You would talk about research on warnings and how it impacts people. THEN you talk about how warning about Terror Management Theory might impact people. So, step one is to introduce the new concept while step two is to show how the new concept fits in with your new study.

At the end of the story, start to lead the reader to the big cliffhanger (your study two hypothesis). By now you have introduced the characters as well as the plot, but then you want to build some anticipation in your reader – you want them to wonder what comes next! The last part of the literature review brings the reader to your study two hypotheses, or that potential twist ending to your story. That is, “Given what we saw in the literature, what happens if we do XYZ?” Thus you build your study to your hypotheses and end on another cliffhanger. The next chapter (Paper IV Methods, Results, and Discussion) focuses on the study that you actually did! In other words, at the end of your study two literature review you should …

give a general overview of your research question

state your specific predictions / hypotheses given the studies you talked about in the literature review. This should look at both main effects and interactions, so you’ll need to address each IV on its own (main effect for belief perseverance and main effect for your second IV) and the interaction of the two IVs as they work together.

The literature review for study two must have a minimum of two (2) full pages of text and a maximum of five (5) pages. This time, I’ll let you include the hypotheses within that minimum 2 pages (though it would be very tight to get all of that info in there in such a short lit review section).

Citations: I expect the following format (4 points)

All in text citations must be correct (correct APA formatting, correct dates, if directly quoted must have page numbers, and uses et al. and & and correctly)

References: I expect the following format (5 points):

The References section starts on its own page, with the word References centered. Use proper APA format in this section or you will lose points.

All ten references that you cited in the literature review must be in this section (there should be more than ten references here if you cited more than ten articles). However, at least eight must come from empirical articles

For references, make sure you:

use alphabetical ordering (start with the last name of the first author)

use the authors’ last names but only the initials of their first/middle name

give the date in parentheses – e.g. (2007).

italicize the name of the journal article

give the volume number, also in italics

give the page numbers (not italicized) for articles

provide the doi (digital object identifier) if present (not italicized)

Appendices: I expect the following format (1 point)

Copy and paste from Paper II. This should be an easy point! Just make sure the appendices go AFTER the references page

Appendix A: Include your tables for age, gender, and ethnicity.

Appendix B: Include your tables for your chi square and the crosstabs

Appendix C: Include your tables for your first DV

Appendix D: Include your tables for you second DV

Overall writing quality (4 points)

Make sure you check your paper for proper spelling and grammar. The FIU writing center is available if you want someone to look over your paper (an extra eye is always good!) and give you advice. I highly recommend them, as writing quality will become even more important on future papers.

Other Guidelines for Paper III: Literature Review

 

1). Pay attention to the page length requirements – 1 page for the title page, 2-5 pages for the study one lit review, no minimum page lengths for the study one methods, results, and discussion sections, 2-5 pages for the study two literature review, and at least 1 page for the references page. If you are under the minimum, we will deduct points. If you go over the maximum, we are a little more flexible (up to a half page or so), but we want you to try to keep it to the maximum page.

2). Page size is 8 1/2 X 11” with all 4 margins set at 1”. You must use a 12-point font with Times New Roman font. EVERYTHING in the paper (including references) is double spaced

3). When summarizing articles for your lit review and doing so in your own words, make sure you still cite the original source. Always use proper referencing procedures, which means that:

If you are inserting a direct quote from any source, it must be enclosed in quotations and followed by a parenthetical reference to the source. “Let’s say I am directly quoting this current sentence and the next. I would then cite it with the author name, date of publication, and the page number for the direct quote” (Winter, 2013, p . 5).

Note: We will deduct points if you quote more than three times in the paper, so keep quotes to a minimum. Paraphrase instead, but make sure you still give the original author credit for the material by citing it or using the author’s name (“In this article, Smith noted that …” or “In this article, the authors noted that…”)

4). PLEASE use a spell checker to avoid unnecessary errors. Proofread everything you write. I actually recommend reading some sentences aloud to see if they flow well, or getting family or friends to read your work. Using Pearson Writer is also required

The above information is required for your paper, but I wanted to provide a few tips about writing your study two literature review as well. Hopefully this will give you some good directions:

First, remember that you need ten references total, eight of which MUST be peer-reviewed

Second, I don’t expect a lengthy discussion for each and every article that you cite for either study one or study two. You might spend a page on one study and a sentence or two on another. The amount of time you spend describing an article you read should be proportional to how important it is in helping you defend your hypotheses. If you do a near replication of a prior study, then I would expect you to spend more time discussing that prior research since it has a big impact on your own study. If an article you read simply supports a global idea that ties into your study but has very different methods (like “frustrated people get mad!”), you can easily mention it in a sentence or two without delving into a lot of detail. Tell a good story in your literature review, but only go into detail about plot elements that have a direct bearing on your study!

Third, like Paper I, Paper III is all about supporting your study two hypotheses. Know what your hypotheses are before you write the paper, as it will help you determine how much time to spend on each article you are citing.

Fourth, make sure to proofread, proofread, proofread! Use the Pearson Writer for help, but note that their suggestions are just that – suggestions. It is up to you to make sure the flow of the paper is easy to understand. Good luck!

You “checklist” for Paper III is on the next page

Checklist – Paper III: Study Two Literature Review

Use the check sheet below to make sure your paper is the best it can be! Make sure you answer “Yes” to all questions before submitting your paper! Some sections duplicate checklists from prior papers while those in purple focus on new Study Two Literature Review elements.

General Paper Format (This section is identical to the Papers I and II Checklists)

Yes No Is everything in your paper (including headers, the main body of your mini-literature review, and your references) in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Is everything in your paper double spaced, including references (here I mean the spacing above and below each line, not the spaces following a period)?

Do you have one inch margins on all sides of the paper (one inch from the top of the page, one inch from the bottom, and one inch from each side)

Are the first lines of all paragraphs indented roughly ½ inch?

Are your paragraphs aligned left? (That is, text should be flush left, with lines lining up on the left of the page, but text should NOT line up on the right side of the page – it should look ragged)

Do you need help figuring out how to configure a word document in APA format (inserting headers, page numbers, proper indents, etc.)? If YES, I highly recommend watching this video which walks you through setting up an APA formatted paper! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY​ 

Title page (This section is identical to the Papers I and II Checklists)

Yes No Header

Do you have the phrase “Running head” in your header (with a lower case h)?

Is the rest of your Running head title in ALL CAPS?

Is your Running head in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Do you have a page number (1) that is flush right (also in 12 point Times New Roman font)?

Title / Name / Institution

Is your title 12 words or less (as recommended by the APA)?

Do all title words with four letters or more start with a capital letter?

Are your name and institution correct?

Are your title, name, and institution elements centered and in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Literature Review Study One (This section is nearly identical to Paper I)

Yes No Title for the literature review

Do you have the identical title you used on the title page rewritten at the top of your literature review?

Is this title centered?

Does your literature review start on page 2?

Main body of the literature review

Does your literature review start broadly, giving a brief overview of the study one to come?

Does your literature review start to narrow down toward your hypotheses?

Do your paragraphs transition from one to the next? (That is, avoid simply listing studies you read. Tie them together. How does Study A in paragraph A relate to Study B in paragraph B?)

Does your paper end in your study one hypotheses? (More specifically, you should have a hypothesis for your main dependent variables).

Citations for the literature review

Did you cite a minimum of 5 references (all peer-reviewed resources)? Note that you can give a lot of detail for some references but only a sentence or two for others. How much detail you go into depends on how important the article is in helping your support your hypotheses.

1.a If NO, do your citations between the study one and study two literature reviews add up to ten or more references?

Are your citations in APA format (That is, ONLY the last name of the author(s) and date of publication)? Note that you will NOT include first names, initials, or the title of the article the authors wrote when citing. That information belongs in the references pages only

If you quoted, did you provide a page number for the direct quote?

If you paraphrased in any way, did you cite the source of that information?

Methods Section Study One (This section is identical to Paper II – Methods Study One)

Yes No Title for the methods section

Is the word “Methods” centered and in bold? (Note: No page break needed)

Yes No Participants

Do you have the word “Participants” flush left and in bold, right below the word “Methods”?

Did you list out your demographic characteristics, including gender, age, and ethnicity / race?

Did you provide the descriptive statistics for (means and standard deviations) for age and italicize the letters M and SD?

Did you provide frequencies for gender and ethnicity/race and italicize the N?

Did you use the brand new participant set from study two and NOT the set from study one?

Materials and Procedure

Did you mention informed consent?

Did you thoroughly describe your two independent variable in enough depth and detail that another researcher could duplicate your materials?

Did you give your IVs names that matches up with the name you refer to in the results section?

Did you describe all of your most relevant dependent variables, noting the scales you used (e.g. “Yes / No”, “A scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 9 (very likely))” for EACH of your DVs?

Did you fully describe what participants went through in the study, noting the order in which they received study materials (e.g. first informed consent, then IVs, DVs, and debriefing)?

Results Section Study One (This section is identical to Paper II – Results Study One)

Yes No Results

Do you have the word “Results” centered and in bold, immediately following the methods section?

Did you analyze at least three different dependent variables, including one chi square and at least one ANOVA?

Did you mention all of the IVs and the DV by name when talking about your analysis?

Did you include means and standard deviations within parentheses for each level of your independent variable?

If your ANOVA was significant, did you include post hoc tests?

Did you italicize the letters F, t, p, M, SD, and X2 (where appropriate)?

Discussion Section Study One (This section is identical to Paper II – Discussion Study One)

Yes No Do you have the word “Discussion” centered and in bold, immediately following the results section?

Did you remind your reader of your hypothesis?

Did you mention whether you supported or did not support your hypothesis?

Literature Review Study Two (This section is completely new)

Yes No Title for the literature review

Do you have some title that denotes the start of study two (e.g. something as simple as “Study Two”)?

Is this title centered?

Does your literature review start immediately after the study one discussion (there should be no page break unless it occurs naturally)

Main body of the literature review

Does your new literature review start broadly with your second IV, giving a brief overview of what it entails?

Does your literature review start to narrow down toward your study two hypotheses?

Do your paragraphs transition from one to the next? (That is, avoid simply listing studies you read. Tie them together. How does Study A in paragraph A relate to Study B in paragraph B?)

Do you tie in your new IV with your original study one IV, showing how they might interact?

Does your paper end in your study two hypotheses? (More specifically, you should have a hypothesis for your main dependent variables).

Citations for the literature review

Did you cite an additional 5 references (three of which MUST be peer-reviewed resources)? Note that you can give a lot of detail for some references but only a sentence or two for others. How much detail you go into depends on how important the article is in helping your support your hypotheses.

1.a If NO, do your citations between the study one and study two literature reviews add up to ten or more references? If yes, you are good here!

Are your citations in APA format (That is, ONLY the last name of the author(s) and date of publication)? Note that you will NOT include first names, initials, or the title of the article the authors wrote when citing. That information belongs in the references pages only

If you quoted, did you provide a page number for the direct quote?

If you paraphrased in any way, did you cite the source of that information?

References Page (This section is similar to Paper I, but with 10 references)

Yes No Title for the references page

Do references start on their own page?

Is the word “References” centered?

References – Make sure these are in APA format!

Are references listed in alphabetical order (starting with the last name of the first author listed) for all 10 articles you referenced?

Are all citations from the literature review referenced?

Is the first line of the reference flush left while subsequent lines are indented (Note: Use the ruler function for this. DO NOT simply tab)?

Did you use the “&” symbol when listing more than one author name?

Did you include the date of publication

For article references, is the article title (which is not italicized) with only the first word and proper names starting with a capital letter?

For article references, is the name of the journal present with all major words starting with a capital letter (and this journal title is italicized)?

For article references, is the volume number italicized

For article references, are the page numbers present (not italicized)

For article references, is the DOI present

Appendix Section – Study One (Similar to Paper II)

Yes No Do you have the word “Appendix” centered on each Appendix page, followed by a description of the appendix content, immediately following the results section?

In Appendix A (Demographics), do you have SPSS tables for gender, ethnicity, and age? (Note: Age might be in a ge

Instructions for Paper IV Study Two Methods, Results, Discussion (Worth 30 Points)

Instructions for Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, Discussion (Worth 30 Points)

Ryan J. Winter

Florida International University

Purpose of Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion

1). Psychological Purpose

The psychological purpose behind Paper IV is to make sure you can summarize what you did in your second study, how you did it, and what you found. This is similar to Paper II, but you will include information related to your second independent variable in Paper IV.

For the results section in Paper IV, you will provide information about your participants, materials, and procedure. Your participant section goes first, and it includes descriptive statistics about your sample (means and standard deviations for age and percentages of gender and race/ethnicity). This is a new sample of participants, so you cannot use Paper II for this information. Make it NEW! Your materials and procedure sections include information about what you did and how you did it. You should once again write this section for an audience who is unfamiliar with your newer study two variables, but you can actually summarize or refer back to study one variables if and when they carry over from study one to study two. In the end, just remember that you must educate your reader about your materials and procedure, giving enough detail so they could replicate study two on their own. Your Paper IV Methods section will thus look a lot like your Paper II, but in Paper IV you will describe BOTH independent variables as well as important dependent variables (especially any new ones you added). I suggest reviewing your Paper II feedback to see if you need more clarity in your methods descriptions, but make sure that your reader is clear about the mechanics of your new 2 X 2 factorial design.

You will also write a new Results section. Since you now have two independent variables and potentially new dependent variables, you will not be able to reuse ANY content from Paper II. Rather, you will write a more complicated results section focusing on a 2 X 2 factorial design here.

Your Discussion section for Paper IV will be a short summary of what you found in that study. Similar to Paper II, you can make some educated guesses about what you found and why you found it, but keep the focus on study two only (in Paper V due at the end of the semester, you will include a more advanced discussion section that looks at both study one and study two, so keep the Paper IV discussion focused only on study two).

2). APA Formatting Purpose

The second purpose of Paper IV is to again teach you proper American Psychological Association (APA) formatting for methods and results. In the instructions below, I tell you how to format your paper using APA style, but this time with a focus on your 2 X 2 factorial ANOVAs. Once again, there are a lot of specific requirements in APA papers (as specific as what to italicize), so pay attention to the instructions below as well as Chapter 14 in your textbook!

3). Writing Purpose

Paper IV is intended to help you figure out how to update a Methods, Results and Discussion section using a 2 X 2 factorial design. This is more complicated than the One Way ANOVA you used in Paper II, but you should still be able to clearly and succinctly tell you readers what you did, how you did it, and what you found. Similar to Paper III, we will give you feedback and help in this paper. You will then be able to revise it for your final paper in the course (Paper V). Thus doing a good job on Paper IV will mean fewer revisions for the final paper.

Methods

This paper should be fairly easy for you! It is essentially a replication of your Paper II: Methods and Results (Study One) paper, except here you will extend that paper to include your second independent variable as well as any dependent variables you may have created. You will also use a more complex data analysis process now that you have a 2 X 2 factorial design. Keep in mind that Study Two is different from Study One. It may use some of the same materials, but your descriptions in the methods section should be specific to your Study Two idea. If you reuse some of the same variables, please refer to study one (I encourage it! No need to repeat yourself if you are using identical materials), but if the elements are new make sure to FULLY describe them. The results themselves will be completely different, as now that section will take into account two independent variables, and your brief discussion will similarly be new. Below are some of the points to cover in this paper. I will highlight in purple the new components you should pay attention to for this paper.

Title Page: I expect the following format (1 point):

Use your headers and title information from your prior Paper III: Literature review. See prior instructions for more info about the title page!

Methods Section: I expect the following format (10 points):

Write Method at the front of this section, make it bold, and center it.

The participants section comes next. The word Participants is bolded and left justified. In this section …

As in Paper II, tell me who your participants were (college students, family members, friends) and how many there were. If the number starts a sentence, then spell out the number. “Two-hundred and five participants …”. If it is mid-sentence, then you can use numerals. “There were 205 participants in this study.” Make sure this is for your NEW SAMPLE. This sample will differ from Paper II, so you will have to provide all new demographic data.

Provide frequencies and descriptive statistics for the most relevant demographic characteristics.

For some variables, like ethnicity and gender, you only need to provide frequency information (the number of participants who fit that category). “There were 100 men (49%) and 105 women (51%) in the study.” Or “The sample was 49% male (N = 100) and 51% female (N = 105).”

Other variables, like age, are continuous variables (rather than categorical), so use descriptive statistics here (the range, mean, and the standard deviation). “Participants ranged from 18 to 77 (M = 24, SD = 3.50).” or “The average age of participants was 24 (SD = 3.50).” By now you should be able to find these on your own, but I will give you a hint: run frequencies and descriptives to get demographic data

Materials and Procedure

For this section, things are again very flexible. Some studies include the Materials and Procedure in the same section while others break them up into two sections

It is a matter of choice which you choose. For me, the more complex the design, the better it is to split them up. In one section I will describe what the materials are; in the next I describe what participants did with those materials (the procedure)

Your Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion is simple enough that I recommend combining them into one overall Materials and Procedure section. Here, you can refer back to your methods section from Paper II. (“We used the same Terror Management Theory manipulation as in study one, but here we included only the reject and deserve conditions”).

Again, the words Materials and Procedure is flush left. In this section …

Provide information about your materials and your procedure.

I suggest starting with your procedure. Tell your reader what your participants did in the order participants did them. Be specific. Assuming your study is similar to study one, I have the following recommendations (though your study may differ, so take these only as recommendations!):

First, talk about informed consent.

Second, talk about the different versions of the hindsight bias studies. Provide enough detail so that your readers know how the conditions differ. Imagine I need to replicate your design – give me enough detail so I can do so. Also fully describe your new independent variable for study two. For example, my additional IV may be whether participants are forewarned or not. I need to fully describe that new independent variable in the methods for this second study

Study two looks at the Mortality Salience and Dental Pain conditions as two levels of one IV. I also have Forewarning versus No Forewarning as a second IV. This gives me four cells: 1) Forewarning MS, 2) Forewarning DP, 3) No forewarning MS, and 4) No forewarning DP

Third, talk about your dependent variables (that is, your survey questions. For these DVs, once again provide enough detail so I know exactly what questions you asked. For example, “Participants provided their gender, age, and race”. For other dependent variables, tell me how the responses were recorded (yes/no, true/false, a scale of 1 to 9, etc.). If you used a scale, note the endpoints. That is, does a 1 mean it is high or is it low? “Participants were asked, ‘How surprising was the outcome?’, and they responded on a scale from 1 (unsurprising) to 10 (surprising).’” Highlight any new DVs you created for this study. For example, I may ask a manipulation check question asking if they were forewarned (“Did you read a warning that thinking about death might impact decisions? Pick one.”)

Fourth, make sure to highlight which DVs you analyzed. If there are DVs participants completed but you did not analyze it, feel free to say those DVs were not analyzed.

Finally, mention debriefing

There is no set minimum or maximum on the length of the methods section, but I would expect at least a page or two as you detail your materials and procedure. Missing important aspects of your IVs and DVs or presenting them in a confused manner will lower your score in this section

Results Section: I expect the following format (10 points):

The results are the hardest part of this paper, so again, pay close attention to your lab instructor

First, write Results at the top of this section and center it boldface. This section comes directly at the end of the methods section, so the results section DOES NOT start on its own page.

For this assignment, include statistics about the most important variables in your study. For Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion, your study design should be more complex than your study one. You are dealing with a factorial design now (more than one IV), such as a 2 X 2 or 2 X 3. Let me walk you through some of the guidelines for a 2 X 2 design.

First, run manipulation checks on at least one of your IVs.

You can use a chi square on nominal variables (“Did you write about death or dental pain?”)

OR you might need to run a t-Test if your manipulation check question is based on an interval or ratio scale (For example, if I manipulated anger by giving half of the participants a hard time about their intelligence before they read the essay instructions, I might ask “On a scale of 1 to 9, how angry were you?” and then run a t-Test on the dependent variable anger to see if my manipulation did in fact work).

I actually recommend running manipulation checks on both of your manipulations, though only one is required

Second, run a 2 X 2 ANOVA for two different DVs (This is still a univariate analysis of variance, but now with two IV’s). For EACH of your dependent variables, you will report at least three F tests (an F for the main effect of IV #1, an F for the main effect of IV #2, and an F for the interaction. If your interaction is significant, then you may actually report seven different F tests for each DV with the simple effects tests! That is …

There will be a main effect in the ANOVA table for the first IV. Provide the degrees of freedom, F value, and p value. Regardless of whether it is significant, I want you to provide the means and standard deviation for both levels of the IV. Imagine your first IV is “Warning”. Your main effect write up will look like this …

“Using forewarning (warned versus not warned) and condition (MS versus DP) as our IVs and the number of death-related words they found as our DV, there was no main effect for forewarning, F(1, 189) = 1.97, p > .05. Participants did not differ in the number of death-related words they found in the warned (M = 2.35, SD = 1.21) versus not warned (M = 2.21, SD = 0.87) conditions.”

There will be a main effect in the ANOVA table for the second IV. Again, provide the F test. Regardless of significance, give the means and standard deviations for both levels of the IV. (This comes in the same paragraph as the main effect for warning)

“There was, however, a significant condition main effect, F( 1, 189) = 3.42, p < .05. Participants found more death-related words in the MS condition (M = 5.56, SD = 1.21) than in the DP condition (M = 3.24, SD = 0.89).”

Finally, there will be an interaction for IV 1 X IV 2. Provide the F test again.

Significant interaction:

“The main effects were qualified by a Warning X Condition interaction, F(1, 187) = 6.61, p < .05.”

If there is a significant interaction, there are a total of five F tests for this interaction (one for the main interaction plus four “simple effect” comparisons). This one gets complicated. Normally, this can all go in the same paragraph:

First, simple effects showed that MS participants found more death-words in the unwarned condition (M = 5.76, SD = 1.27) than the warned condition (M = 2.21, SD = 1.90), F(2, 95) = 6.24, p < .05.

Second, simple effects showed that DP participants did not differ in the number of death-words they found in the warning condition (M = 2.78, SD = 3.45) and no warning condition (M = 2.72, SD = 2.87), F(2, 93) = 1.13, p > .05.

Third, for participants who were warned, simple effect tests showed that participants did not differ in the number of death-words they found in the MS condition (M = 2.76, SD = 1.27) and DP conditions (M = 2.78, SD = 3.45), F(2, 95) = 1.31, p > .05.

Fourth, for participants in the no warning condition, simple effect tests showed that participants found more death-words in the MS condition (M = 5.21, SD = 1.90) than in the DP condition (M = 2.72, SD = 2.87), F(2, 95) = 3.11, p < .05.

In general, this shows that participants found more death words when primed with Mortality Salience open-ended questions and not warned about the effects of death-awareness than in all other conditions.

Non-significant interaction

There was no warning X condition interaction, F(1, 187) = 1.61, p > .05. Since the interaction was not significant, simple effects tests were not needed.

Please note that you might run a lot of statistical tests for one DV (like the original F test followed-up with simple effects tests). This still only counts as one DV. You need to look at three DVs, so you might have as many as 11 or so tests in this section.

Like the methods section, there is no page minimum or maximum for the results section, though I would expect it to be at least a paragraph or two for each dependent variable

Discussion Section (2 points)

In a short paragraph or two, write a brief discussion of your results. Tell me if you did or did not support your hypotheses. In this section, do NOT go into detail about the statistics. If I need that information, I’ll just look at your results section. Here, I just want a plain English summary of what you found. Something like …

Overall, these results indicate that warning participants about belief preference decreases their reliance on prior study information compared to not warning them.

References are not required for this paper

Appendices: Study Two (4 points)

I want to make sure you are including the correct numbers in your results section, so I want you to include all relevant SPSS tables for each of your analyses in a series of appendices. You can include these as appendices A, B, C, and D for study two, but I actually recommend naming them E, F, G, and H since you have A, B, C, and D from study one already. That way, when you get to Paper V, you’ll have all eight appendices in alphabetical order A through H

Appendix E: Demographic Information Study Two

Appendix F: Chi Square (or other Manipulation Check)

Make sure to include a table for your manipulation check. If you do a chi square for a nominal variable, this will include the cross-tabulation table and the chi square table. Or, if you do a t-Test or ANOVA, this will include the descriptive statistics as well as the t-Test table itself (or the ANOVA table itself)

Appendix G: first dependent variable (First 2 X 2 ANOVA)

Make sure to include your descriptive statistics table and your Tests of Between Subject Effects table. If your interaction is not significant, you’re done. If it is significant, normally you would run simple effects follow up tests. You still need to run them, but for purposes of this appendix all I need to see is the original ANOVA table and the original descriptive table.

Appendix H: Second dependent variable (Second 2 X 2 ANOVA)

This is the same as the second dependent variable above, but for a different dependent variable

In the end, I expect four appendices for study two (one for demographics, one for a chi square/t-Test and one for each 2 X 2 ANOVA).

Appendices will come at the end of the paper

Overall writing quality (3 points)

Make sure you check your paper for proper spelling and grammar. The FIU writing center is available if you want someone to look over your paper (an extra eye is always good!) and give you advice. I highly recommend them, as writing quality will become even more important on future papers.

Other Guidelines for Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion

 

1). Page size is 8 1/2 X 11” with all 4 margins set at one inch on all sides. You must use a Times New Roman 12-point font and double space all sentences/paragraphs in the paper.

2). PLEASE use a spell checker to avoid unnecessary errors. Proofread everything you write. I actually recommend reading some sentences aloud to see if they flow well, or getting family or friends to read your work.

Below is a write up for the significant interaction for the 2 X 2 ANOVA. Here, I just put it all in one paragraph, as it would appear in a results section (double space YOUR section, though). Notice there are 7 F tests for this significant 2 X 2 interaction.

Using forewarning (warned versus not warned) and condition (MS versus DP) as our IVs and the number of death-related words partiicpants found as our DV, there was no main effect for forewarning, F(1, 189) = 1.97, p > .05. Participants did not differ in the number of death-related words they found in the warned (M = 2.35, SD = 1.21) versus not warned (M = 2.21, SD = 0.87) conditions. There was, however, a significant condition main effect, F( 1, 189) = 3.42, p < .05. Participants found more death-related words in the MS condition (M = 5.56, SD = 1.21) than in the DP condition (M = 3.24, SD = 0.89). The main effects were qualified by a Warning X Condition interaction, F(1, 187) = 6.61, p < .05. First, simple effects showed that MS participants found more death-words in the unwarned condition (M = 5.76, SD = 1.27) than the warned condition (M = 2.21, SD = 1.90), F(2, 95) = 6.24, p < .05. Second, simple effects showed that DP participants did not differ in the number of death-words they found in the warning condition (M = 2.78, SD = 3.45) and no warning condition (M = 2.72, SD = 2.87), F(2, 93) = 1.13, p > .05. Third, for participants who were warned, simple effect tests showed that participants did not differ in the number of death-words they found in the MS condition (M = 2.76, SD = 1.27) and DP conditions (M = 2.78, SD = 3.45), F(2, 95) = 1.31, p > .05. Fourth, for participants in the no warning condition, simple effect tests showed that participants found more death-words in the MS condition (M = 5.21, SD = 1.90) than in the DP condition (M = 2.72, SD = 2.87), F(2, 95) = 3.11, p < .05. In general, this shows that participants found more death words when primed with Mortality Salience open-ended questions and not warned about the effects of death-awareness than in all other conditions.

Checklist – Paper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion

Use the check sheet below to make sure your paper is the best it can be! Make sure you answer “Yes” to all questions before submitting your paper or you will lose points! The first two sections duplicate the checklist from Papers I, II, and III, but the rest is unique to Paper IV.

General Paper Format (This section is identical to the Papers I, II, and III Checklist)

Yes No Is everything in your paper (including headers, the main body of your mini-literature review, and your references) in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Is everything in your paper double spaced, including references (here I mean the spacing above and below each line, not the spaces following a period)?

Do you have one inch margins on all sides of the paper (one inch from the top of the page, one inch from the bottom, and one inch from each side)

Are the first lines of all paragraphs indented another ½ inch (or 1 ½ inches from the page edge)?

Are your paragraphs aligned left? (That is, text should be flush left, with lines lining up on the left of the page, but text should NOT line up on the right side of the page – it should look ragged)

Do you need help figuring out how to configure a word document in APA format (inserting headers, page numbers, proper indents, etc.)? If YES or NO, I highly recommend watching this video which walks you through setting up an APA formatted paper! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY​ 

Title page (This section is identical to the Papers I, II, and III Checklist)

Yes No Header

Do you have the phrase “Running head” in your header (with a lower case h)?

Is the rest of your Running head title in ALL CAPS?

Is your Running head in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Do you have a page number that is flush right (also in 12 point Times New Roman font)?

Title / Name / Institution

Is your title 12 words or less (as recommended by the APA)?

Do all title words with four letters or more start with a capital letter?

Are your name and institution correct?

Are your title, name, and institution elements centered and in 12 point Times New Roman font?

Methods Section (This is similar to Paper II, but new elements are in bold purple text)

Yes No Header

Is your header title present and identical to your header title on the title page?

Is your header title in ALL CAPS and 12 point Times New Roman font?

Does your header on this second page omit the phrase “Running head”

Do you have a page number starting on page 2

Title for the methods section

Is the word “Methods” centered and in bold at the top of your methods page?

Methods Section Continued

Yes No Participants

Do you have the word “Participants” flush left and in bold, right below the word “Methods”?

Did you list out your demographic characteristics, including gender, age, and ethnicity / race?

Did you provide the descriptive statistics for (means and standard deviations) for age and italicize the letters M and SD?

Did you provide frequencies for gender and ethnicity/race and italicize the N?

Did you use the brand new participant set from study two and NOT the set from study one?

Materials and Procedure

Did you mention informed consent?

Did you thoroughly describe your two independent variable in enough depth and detail that another researcher could duplicate your materials (though you can refer back to study one if the variable is identical)?

Did you give your IVs names that matches up with the names you refer to in the results section?

Did you describe all of your most relevant dependent variables, noting the scales you used (e.g. “Yes / No”, “A scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 9 (very likely))” for EACH of your DVs?

Did you fully describe what participants went through in the study, noting the order in which they received study materials (e.g. first informed consent, then IVs, DVs, and debriefing)?

Results Section (This is similar to Paper II, but new elements are in bold purple text)

Yes No Do you have the word “Results” centered and in bold, immediately following the methods section?

Did you analyze at least three different dependent variables?

Note: using a t-Test to analyze question #4 and an ANOVA to once again analyze question #4 does NOT count as two different DVs. That is the same DV analyzed twice. Make sure to look at three different DVs, one of which is a manipulation check and two of which focus on 2 X 2 ANOVAs

Did you mention all of the IVs and the DV by name when talking about your analysis?

Did you include means and standard deviations within parentheses for each level of your independent variables?

If your factorial ANOVA was significant, did you include follow up simple effects tests? (That is, do you have seven total F tests)?

Did you italicize the letters F, t, p, M, SD, and X2 (where appropriate)?

Discussion Section (New Information in this section)

Yes No Do you have the word “Discussion” centered and in bold, immediately following the results section?

Did you remind your reader of your study two hypothesis?

Did you mention whether you supported or did not support your study two hypothesis?

Appendix (New Information in this section)

Yes No Title for the appendix page

Do your appendices come at the end of the paper?

Does each of your four appendices (E, F, G, and H) start on their own page?

Is the word “Appendix” centered on each page followed by a short description of the appendix?

Appendix Information

Appendix E: Did you include a table for each of the following demographic variables: Gender, age, and ethnicity?

Appendix F: For your manipulation check, did you include your chi square or t-Test info? (If a chi square, did you include your crosstabulation and chi square table? If a t-Test, did you include your descriptives and t-Test table?)

Appendix G: For your first 2 X 2 ANOVA, did you include the descriptives tables and your F table?

Appendix H: For your second 2 X 2 ANOVA, did you include the descriptives tables and your F table?

nstructions (2)

Instructions

The purpose of the Final Essay is help you demonstrate achievement of following two Course Objectives.

CO 1: Describe the stages of the developing person at different periods of the life span from birth to death.CO 4: Explain the biosocial, cognitive and psychological influences throughout the lifespan as an ongoing set of processes involving both continuity and change.

The Final Essay covers the last four life-span stages of development, Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (Ch 9, 10 and 11), Adulthood (Ch 12 and 13), Late Adulthood(Ch 14 and 15), and Death and Dying (Epilogue).

You must open the quiz to see the specific directions for writing the essay. After reading the specific directions, then close the quiz; you can return to it after writing your essay.  Compose your essay in a Word document. Then re-open the Final Exam and copy and paste your essay into the answer box for the question. Do not attach your Word document.

The Final Essay Exam is not timed, so once opened, you can close the essay and return to the exam to submit your essay at a later time. You must submit your essay for grading on or before the exam ending date.

The purpose of the Final Essay is help you demonstrate achievement of following two Course Objectives.

CO 1: Describe the stages of the developing person at different periods of the life span from birth to death.CO 4: Explain the biosocial, cognitive and psychological influences throughout the lifespan as an ongoing set of processes involving both continuity and change.

The Final Essay covers the last four life-span stages of development, Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (Ch 9, 10 and 11), Adulthood (Ch 12 and 13), Late Adulthood(Ch 14 and 15), and Death and Dying (Epilogue).

You must open the quiz to see the specific directions for writing the essay. After reading the specific directions, then close the quiz; you can return to it after writing your essay.  Compose your essay in a Word document. Then re-open the Final Exam and copy and paste your essay into the answer box for the question. Do not attach your Word document.

The Final Essay Exam is not timed, so once opened, you can close the essay and return to the exam to submit your essay at a later time. You must submit your essay for grading on or before the exam ending date.

Questions

Imagine that this course, LifeSpan: Growth & Development is now over and you are having a conversation with a family member, fellow student, or a co-worker.  Select one interesting development topic or concept from each Module in this course. Write a paragraph reflecting on each of the four (4) most interesting development topics or concepts – ones that are most meaningful that you learned about in this course and that has impacted your life – now or in the future.  Briefly describe each of the four development concepts, why each is interesting or made an impact on you, and how you might use each development concept in your family life or career. Write a well-developed paragraph for each concept, for a total of 4 paragraphs. You do not need to use documentation; just write using your own words.

So to clarify: Select a total of 4 topics or concepts,  from each of the following modules

Module 1: One topic or concept from Chapters 1, 2, 3 or 4

Module 2: One topic or concept from Chapters 5, 6, 7 or 8

Module 3: One topic or concept from Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13

Module 4: One topic or concept from Chapters 14, 15 or Epilogue

nstructions

Instructions

The purpose of the Final Essay is help you demonstrate achievement of following two Course Objectives.

CO 1: Describe the stages of the developing person at different periods of the life span from birth to death.CO 4: Explain the biosocial, cognitive and psychological influences throughout the lifespan as an ongoing set of processes involving both continuity and change.

The Final Essay covers the last four life-span stages of development, Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (Ch 9, 10 and 11), Adulthood (Ch 12 and 13), Late Adulthood(Ch 14 and 15), and Death and Dying (Epilogue).

You must open the quiz to see the specific directions for writing the essay. After reading the specific directions, then close the quiz; you can return to it after writing your essay.  Compose your essay in a Word document. Then re-open the Final Exam and copy and paste your essay into the answer box for the question. Do not attach your Word document.

The Final Essay Exam is not timed, so once opened, you can close the essay and return to the exam to submit your essay at a later time. You must submit your essay for grading on or before the exam ending date.

The purpose of the Final Essay is help you demonstrate achievement of following two Course Objectives.

CO 1: Describe the stages of the developing person at different periods of the life span from birth to death.CO 4: Explain the biosocial, cognitive and psychological influences throughout the lifespan as an ongoing set of processes involving both continuity and change.

The Final Essay covers the last four life-span stages of development, Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (Ch 9, 10 and 11), Adulthood (Ch 12 and 13), Late Adulthood(Ch 14 and 15), and Death and Dying (Epilogue).

You must open the quiz to see the specific directions for writing the essay. After reading the specific directions, then close the quiz; you can return to it after writing your essay.  Compose your essay in a Word document. Then re-open the Final Exam and copy and paste your essay into the answer box for the question. Do not attach your Word document.

The Final Essay Exam is not timed, so once opened, you can close the essay and return to the exam to submit your essay at a later time. You must submit your essay for grading on or before the exam ending date.

Questions

Imagine that this course, LifeSpan: Growth & Development is now over and you are having a conversation with a family member, fellow student, or a co-worker.  Select one interesting development topic or concept from each Module in this course. Write a paragraph reflecting on each of the four (4) most interesting development topics or concepts – ones that are most meaningful that you learned about in this course and that has impacted your life – now or in the future.  Briefly describe each of the four development concepts, why each is interesting or made an impact on you, and how you might use each development concept in your family life or career. Write a well-developed paragraph for each concept, for a total of 4 paragraphs. You do not need to use documentation; just write using your own words.

So to clarify: Select a total of 4 topics or concepts,  from each of the following modules

Module 1: One topic or concept from Chapters 1, 2, 3 or 4

Module 2: One topic or concept from Chapters 5, 6, 7 or 8

Module 3: One topic or concept from Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13

Module 4: One topic or concept from Chapters 14, 15 or Epilogue

Instructor Review of Rough Draft for Essay 1, English 101

Instructor Review of Rough Draft for Essay 1, English 101

YES NO

Introduction

Does the introduction paragraph provide enough background on the conversation the writer is entering, including the articles and film that the writer is engaging with, including the authors and full titles of the articles as well as the film’s name and director? X

Thesis statement

Does the introduction end with an appropriate thesis statement that includes “I say,” the writer’s own response to the conversation? X

Thesis statement

Is the thesis clearly worded?

X

Topic sentences of body paragraphs

Do all the body paragraphs begin with appropriate topic sentences that state the main idea of each paragraph, including the writer’s “I say” response, including transitions? Do the topic sentences also support the thesis? X

Development of the body paragraphs

Do all the body paragraphs contain enough relevant examples, paraphrased details, and quotations from the articles, film, and other relevant sources, including personal experience and observation where appropriate? X

Organization of body paragraphs

Are the body paragraphs well organized in a logical and easy to follow manner? X

Comments:

Lissette,

This draft has many problems with focus and structure:

You have to begin with your name at the top of the required MLA headings.

You must number your pages or you will receive a 5-point deduction on your final Essay 1 draft. If you don’t know how to do this on your document, email me and tell me what type of program you are using (such as Microsoft Word).

Your draft doesn’t actually respond to the question in the essay topic, which was why do happiness and/or meaning matter?

Your draft also doesn’t follow the “Guidelines for How to Structure Your Essay” that were posted in Canvas. For example, it has a question in the place where your thesis should be, and your thesis cannot be a question. Also, as I just said, your thesis has to respond to the actual question in the topic, and yours doesn’t. In order to improve your essay and ensure that you receive at least a passing grade on your final grade for Essay 1, you need to

Review the Powerpoint called “Guidelines for How to Structure Your Essay” in Canvas;

Read the “Important Information for Essay 1” item in Canvas;

Read the handout called “The Structure of a College Essay” that I have attached to the Comments section in Submission Details for your Rough Draft for Essay 1.

Remember also that there are free non-credit classes that you can take along with English 101 to help you with your essay writing skills. See the item in the Week 1 module for the schedules and numbers for these courses. I’m pretty sure that you can still enroll in one of these courses if you want to.

Your introduction paragraph doesn’t follow the guidelines for introducing the names of the authors you have chosen to use in your essay, and the titles of their essays, and the name of the movie you have chosen to use, and the director’s name. You MUST include all this in your introduction paragraph. Then, for the rest of the essay, you don’t use the titles of the article again; you will just use the author’s last name. For the movie, you can refer to it either by its name in the body of the essay or its director’s name, but don’t give both pieces of information every time you discuss the movie because it is not necessary.

Your thesis is missing your main response to the topic question and the ideas of the sources you will be engaging with in your body paragraphs. Revise it so that it includes your “I say” response, your main idea about the topic question that is then developed through your analysis of the articles and film. Remember that it cannot be a question.

So far, you don’t have clear and distinct main points in the topic sentences of your body paragraphs, and your body paragraphs don’t have enough focus on just one main idea. The guidelines say that you should have no more than 3 body paragraphs also.

Don’t forget to include transitions in your topic sentences. College professors expect you to have adequate transitions at the beginning of each body paragraph but not the very basic “first,” “second,” “third” ones that you might have been encouraged to use in high school. In college, you are expected to learn how to use more sophisticated, varied, and graceful transitions. Review Chapter 8 in They Say, I Say for help with this.

The body paragraphs don’t have enough specific details from at least two articles in addition to the movie. Remember that you are trying to “enter the conversation” with the specific authors and filmmakers you have chosen to include in your essay, so the majority of your body paragraphs should be specific details from the articles and movie, along with your analysis of them. One quotation from one article is not nearly enough. You also need to discuss how these authors and filmmakers use the persuasive appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos to present their arguments about the topics.

Your final draft will need to include a Works Cited page.

This draft has some serious problems with focus and structure. Revise with my comments in mind and you can make it better. Please note that I haven’t reviewed it for grammar or punctuation because at this point, I am only looking for those aspects of the essay described on this form.

Insufficient Funds Allocated to Marketing

Insufficient Funds Allocated to Marketing

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Insufficient Funds Allocated to Marketing

Just like in many non-profit organizations, most of their projects and plans are always dependent on donor funding. However, many of them do suffer from insufficient funding like in the case of IWMN. As a result, they do not have sufficient funds to market themselves. Besides, currently, the organization has not yet adapted to the current digital trends and as a result, they are not able to reach a wide mass of potential donors. Based on socio-cultural trends, the internet and social media are a vital resource for any organization and this reiterates the need for IWMN to adapt to the digital trend as some of the most successful NGOs. Most of the successful NGOs such as Red Cross and UNICEF have managed to adopt digital trends in their marketing core and through this, they can solicit funds from potential donors across the world. While IWMN is stationed in west Sydney, there is a need for it to look for ways in which they would be able to solicit funds for their marketing.

As mentioned earlier, one way to solve the core problem of insufficient funds allocated to marketing is by partnering with other non-profit organizations with whom they share a similar idea or objectives such as the Multi-Cultural Network(MTN) (Boddewyn & Doh, 2011). MTN is also stationed in West Sydney and somehow they have enough resources that if IMWN can manage to collaborate with them it would be easier for them to market themselves efficiently. First of all, IWMN can come up with a project and indulge in MTN. Through this, both organizations can decide on the most appropriate plan to be used to implement the project as well as a budget. With the project in the pipeline, both organizations can use their networks to solicit funding for the project and as a result, this would put them on the map.

The other way to seek funds is through fundraisers (Toyasaki & Wakolbinger, 2014). The organization can come up with a specific topic that would be used to drive funds for the project, for instance, building houses for the less fortunate. Through such a plan, invitations can be sent to various individuals and organizations that could support the drive. Besides, by collaborating with the municipality(government), it would be easier for the fundraiser to be successful.

While both recommendations are great, the first one is the most appropriate, since, by IWMN collaborating with other fellow NGOs, they will be able to improve their portfolio in terms of branding and networking in their field. As a result, more networks provide continuous funding and support from interested parties. On the other hand, fundraisers are a one-time thing and are only efficient for the short term rather than in the long-term. The organization has to strategize its outlay for the long-term if they are to be viable.

References

Boddewyn, J., & Doh, J. (2011). Global strategy and the collaboration of MNEs, NGOs, and governments for the provisioning of collective goods in emerging markets. Global Strategy Journal, 1(3‐4), 345-361.

Toyasaki, F., & Wakolbinger, T. (2014). Impacts of earmarked private donations for disaster fundraising. Annals of Operations Research, 221(1), 427-447.

Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy for Noel Leeming

Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy for Noel Leeming

Name

Institution

Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy for Noel Leeming

Introduction

As an electronics company that offers a wide range of electronic products to its varied market segments, Noel Leeming employs different strategies including both traditional (offline) and online approaches to promote and market its products and services (Noel Leeming Group Limited, 2019). The varied marketing communication approaches are crucial and attract lots of advantages to the organisation. Unfortunately, the company might not attain a satisfactory outcome by relying on a single marketing strategy while targeting its varied customers.

Existing Gaps and Challenges

Strengths of Noel Leeming company entail its reliance on a wide array of electronic products and related services. Besides, the company has a weakness of relying on a single approach of marketing that comprise online and offline strategies while targeting numerous groups of individuals. Even so, the organization has an opportunity of tailoring and improving its marketing strategies to attract more clients. Finally, the firm is facing a threat of entrance of more electronic competitors. Thus, Noel Leeming has to adjust its sales and marketing strategies to ensure that its online platforms are more effective and efficient. Luckily, the organization has some online tools and techniques, hence it would adjust with more comfort and relative ease.

Selected Target market

Noel Leeming targets youths aged between 17 and 21 years old with an improved online marketing strategy. The organization intends to sell its electronics for entertainment to the teenagers. Fortunately, many teenagers and young adults tend to like using social media and related online platforms (Anderson & Jiang, 2018; Clement, 2018). Accordingly, Noel Leeming will utilize an improved online marketing approach to market and sell its electronics for entertainment. The improved online marketing and digital communication strategy will be tailored to suit the demands and expectations of the youth within New Zealand and beyond.

A New Digital Communication

The goal of the new improved digital communication approach is to increase the number of teenage clients by over 200 percent. Precisely, the organization targets at attracting at least 10 000 youths. Moreover, the firm strives attract youth from New Zealand and other countries across the globe to achieve its target market share. The specific goal will adequately guide the project (Muller, 2017).

Accordingly, the organization endeavors to embrace suitable online strategies that facilitate digital communication with its clients. Even so, the firm would rely on offline tools and techniques to support the online strategies for effective and efficient communication (Filiposka et al., 2017). Appropriate online platforms will facilitate digital marketing communication between the firm and its clients.

Moreover, Noel Leeming will segment its market to facilitate development and execution of appropriate sales and marketing strategies (Venter, Wright & Dibb, 2015). Accordingly, the organization will utilize age as a basis for segmenting its market. Precisely, the firm will be targeting at youths aged between 17 and 21 years. As such, Noel Leeming will design and develop its sales and marketing strategies to suit the selected group.

Consequently, the organization will develop its sales and marketing message to suit the teenagers. Specifically, the firm will endeavor to promote its electronics for entertainment as excellent products for young adults. Besides, Noel Leeming will rely on varied formats including audio, video, print media and text to develop its messages to suit the demands and needs of its clients (Sharma et al., 2017).

Subsequently, the organization will strive to determine and embrace the most suitable digital tools and techniques to communicate with its clients and market its products and services. The firm intends to utilize some of the most effective and efficient online platforms including Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp to communicate with the clientele (Nurture Digital, 2019). The organization will focus online platforms that are preferable to many teenagers to reach a wide number of individuals. Also, the organization will consider online platforms that are relatively cheaper, efficient and effective in communicating with its current and future customers. Moreover, the firm will develop its website to suit the demands of the teenagers to supplement the social media platforms in marketing the electronics for entertainment. Precisely, the firm will improve its website to make it more interactive and attractive to the youths. Still, Noel Leeming will develop its website to ensure ease navigation and accomplishment of applicable processes.

Conversely, the organization will integrate its new digital communication approach into the overall marketing plan to ensure seamless marketing operations with its other market segments. Therefore, the firm will utilize existing online and offline tools and techniques to facilitate the digital communication to gain synergy (Pauwels et al., 2016). Besides, the organization will develop its new digital communication approach to run concurrently with limited or no interference with the current marketing strategies. Also, the firm will significantly reduce the cost of developing and embracing the new digital communication approach by considering the use of existing tools and techniques.

Also, the firm will determine and embrace appropriate tracking metrics for monitoring and controlling the new digital marketing communication approach to ensure it progresses well and delivers the desired outcomes (Kerzner, 2017). Accordingly, the organization will employ metrices that indicate performance of social media and websites. Thus, Noel Leeming will monitor aspects such as audience type, exit pages and average number of followers.

Metrices to measure the performance of the improved digital marketing communications campaign

Further, Noel Leeming will employ appropriate tracking metrics to monitor, measure and control its new digital marketing communication approach through social media platforms (Kar, 2015). Precisely, the firm will use aspects that entail audience type, average tweets, growth of brand followers in its Twitter account. Identification of the type of followers of Noel Leeming is essential in establishing if the firm is achieving its target of attracting the youth. In case the findings show that many of the firm’s audience are teenagers, then the project would have attained its goal. However, it the indicator shows that majority of the audience are not youth, then the firm with take necessary adjustments to attract more teenagers. Also, the organization will determine the number of average tweets from teenagers to determine if the teenagers are interested in its products and services. Moreover, the organization will determine if it is advancing as expected by measuring and monitoring growth of its followers.

Similarly, the firm will track and monitor engagement among its Facebook audiences. The company will strive to determine the attractiveness of the Facebook account to understand if it encourages transactions. Besides, the organization will monitor and measure Facebook referral traffic to understand if other persons are encouraging their colleagues, friends and relatives to purchase its electronics and related services. Still, the firm will monitor and determine the number of page-likes and follows on every Facebook post to know the size of active followers.

Likewise, the organization will monitor value per visits on its website to determine its effectiveness (Krishna et al., 2018). Moreover, the organization will identify exit pages to facilitate necessary adjustments to avoid such undesired events in future. Also, the firm will find and evaluate time that audience spend on its website to determine if it is attractive. When audiences spend limited time on the firm’s website, it could mean that the website is unattractive, thus requiring some adjustments.

Recommendations

Considering findings from the above-discussions, it is advisable for Noel Leeming to develop and adopt the new improved digital marketing communication strategy. The new approach seems to be highly effective in communicating with the teenagers since such a market segment tend to be attracted to interactive websites and social media. Besides, the organization will make minor changes and little extra costs to ensure that the new strategy works since it is designed to work with existing offline tools and integrates with other marketing approaches.

Moreover, the organization should consider careful monitoring and control of the new marketing strategy to ensure it progresses well and delivers the desired outcomes. Accordingly, the firm should employ the most competent and qualified professionals to establish and monitor appropriate tracking matrices for its social media platforms and website.

Conclusion

Noel Leeming would probably increase its sales and remain more competitive in the market by employing an improved digital marketing communication strategy. Besides, the organization will integrate the new improved marketing strategy with the existing marketing approaches to ensure more effectiveness and avoid interference with other marketing approaches. A proper blend of suitable online and offline sales and marketing communication tools and channels have a synergy to educate, persuade and convince the target clients to embrace the products and services on promotion. Accordingly, the organisation would properly develop and design its adverts to ensure that they are highly-appealing to the youth, present all the essential details about the entertainment products and services, and remains more persuading and convincing to the young adults. Besides, the adverts would be flexible enough to be distributed using different media including both offline and online platforms. Still, the adverts would embrace varied formats including words, audios, videos and images to remain effective when communicating with diversified clients including the deaf and the blind. Additionally, the organisation would establish and manage client databases to facilitate quick generation of contacts and addresses when required for communication. Also, Noel Leeming would strive to embrace environmentally-friendly practices to promote sustainability and gain more reputation as a responsible firm. Finally, the organization will carefully monitor and control the new digital marketing communication to ensure that it progresses as planned and deliver the desired results.

References

Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center, 31, 2018.

Clement, J. (2018). Average daily time spent on social media among teens and young adults worldwide from 1st quarter to 3rd quarter 2017, by region (in minutes). Retrieved 5 December 2019, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/800821/average-daily-time-spent-social-media-teens-young-adults/Kar, A. K. (2015). Applications of analytics in social media. In Foundation Innovation Tech. Transfer Forum Newsletters (IIT Delhi) (Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 6-8).

Kerzner, H. (2017). Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley & Sons.

Krishna, B. C., Mounish, P. S., Kumar, U. V., & Mallika, A. D. (2018). Online Business Site Quality Assessment. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.7), 838-840.

Muller, R. (2017). Project governance. Routledge.

Noel Leeming Group Limited. (2019). Noel Leeming. Noel Leeming Group Limited. (2019). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from https://www.noelleeming.co.nz/search.html?q=point+of+purchase#sortOrder=rel&page=1&layout=grid.

Nurture Digital: Creative Digital Content. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2019, from https://www.nurturedigital.com/

Pauwels, K., Demirci, C., Yildirim, G., & Srinivasan, S. (2016). The impact of brand familiarity on online and offline media synergy. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(4), 739-753.

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Appendix A

(Clement, 2018).

Appendix B

Tracking / Metrics

Metrics What the Metric Measures Relevance of the Metric

Twitter –Audience Type Measures demographics of audience attracted by the company’s page It informs the organization about the number of youths it would communicate with through Twitter

Twitter – Average Retweets Measures the average number of followers who retweet on daily basis It informs the firm on the frequency of communicating with their clients.

Twitter – Growth of Brand Followers Measures the rate of growth with regards to number of new followers It informs the organization of projected growth rate, hence future market share.

Facebook – Engagement Measures the number of followers who make action on the company’s post The organization would determine the number of followers it would influence through Facebook

Facebook – Facebook Referral Traffic Measures number of persons who accessed and view the firm’s Facebook post through referrals from other people The firm could use this information to predict the number clients it could attain through referrals

Facebook – Page Likes and Follows Measures active audiences interested in the organization’s messages The organization could use this information to estimate the size of its Facebook clients

Company Website – Value Per Visits Measures useful actions upon visiting the website The organization would determine and evaluate part of the traffic that attracts more business

Company Website- Exit Pages Determines and measures sections of the website that makes audience to quit before completing their conversion activities It informs the firm of areas of weakness, thus triggering necessary adjustments

Company Website – Time Spent on Site Measures duration of engagement between an audience and company through the website Informs the firm if the site is interactive and exciting to the audiences