Author: admin

Literature Analysis of Characters

Literature Analysis of Characters

Name

Institution

Introduction

The story Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell features Martha and Mrs. Peter as the main characters in the short story. As the author narrates the story, there are key themes and traits which emerge that contribute to the development of the story and the protagonist such as the marriage conflicts, friendship, secrecy, scandals, and male-chauvinism and aggression. In brief, the authors of Two Kinds and Jury of Her Peers aim to show how the main characters have unresolved issues they did not know about their live until they engage in confrontations.

Character Analysis in Jury of Her Peers and Two Kinds

As the author narrates the story, these key features will advance the plot and help the reader to learn more about the protagonists. When the story begins, we learn that Martha is happily staying in the comfort of her home. She appears to be loving and supportive to her husband until he requests her to assist him to gather personal belongings of Minnie Wright, who had been jailed because she was suspected that she had murdered her husband. Major developments take place when George Henderson, the county attorney, Sheriff Peters and the two women visit the isolated farm house to gather evidence that would incriminate Minnie. However, they do not find any evidence because Martha and Mrs. Peter cover for Minnie hiding the dead carnage. Initially, we understand that Martha and Mr. Peter kept stayed distant for years because Minnie was aggressive. Martha laments that, “she still thought of her as Minnie Foster, though for twenty years she had been Mrs. Wright”. The discussion of Minnie and her husband used to fight as couples becomes the turning point of the two women because of their marriage conflicts. They realize that they are treated just as housewives by their husbands and men had been male chauvinists. They remember that even though Minnie was aggressive, they had been good friends since childhood and this makes them to hide the evidence in favor of Minnie. Mrs. Peter “…threw back the quilt pieces, got the box, tried to put it in her handbag” (Glaspell, 2012).

In the second story of Two Kinds by Amy Tan, the main characters are June and Suyuan. The centre of the plot of the story is the power struggle between a mother and her daughter. Throughout the story, June maintains a relentless and defiant character while her mother maintains a patronizing attitude. The conflict between what the mother wants June to be in future and what June wants for herself as her career develops the story till the end. For example, Suyuan tries to coach June to become a Chinese Shirley Temple but she decline and want to become a pianist. We learn that the conflict is used by the two characters to hide their pains at first; it makes them having emotional outbursts which makes them to achieve contentment. June comments, “Pleading Child” was shorter but slower;”Perfectly Contented” (Bloom, 2009).

Some flat characters in the two stories have helped to develop the plot. In Jury of Her Peers, minor characters such as Harry (Mrs. Hales eldest son) and John Wright (the murdered man) help to develop the characters of the main characters. For John Wright, although he is not physically, present his death and the investigations make the main characters to redefine their attitudes towards men. Harry acts as an intersection into the interrogation where his mention of the telephone paves way for Mrs. Hales to describe the event on the day john write was murdered. Although Harries does not tell the story, he introduces Mrs. Hales to give an account of the events that acknowledge Martha and Mrs. Peter that the county attorney would be looking for incriminating evidence since it was hard to pin down a woman without hard evidence. We can learn that Harry is a hard working man and was not around when John Wright was murdered. As a result, this paves way for Mrs. Hales to narrate the event. John Wright was a quarrelsome to her wife; as a result, they result fight that leads to him being murdered by his wife and the subsequent investigations that attracts the two main characters-Martha and Mrs. Peter (Glaspell, 2012).

In Two Kinds, Auntie Lindo and Uncle Tin are examples of flat characters. They were both skeptic that June would thrive in playing piano. They maintained a skeptic look while June poorly played the piano that after finishing her performance, they did no applaud her. The discouragement from the Auntie Lindo and Uncle Tin led to the final blow of the conflict between June and her mother; eventually resolving their conflicts (Bloom, 2009).

Conclusion

The two narratives are very illustrative of the characters who do not know that they have unresolved issues that have never been disclosed for long time. However, they engage in confrontations that make them to discover their true identities and to resolve their differences.

References

Bloom, H. (2009). Amy Tan, New Edition. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing

Glaspell, Susan. (2012). Jury of Her Peers. Annenberg Learner. Retrieved from:

http://www.learner.org/interactives/literature/story/fulltext.html

Literature Critical Analysis

Literature Critical Analysis

The fact that you want to write about or expound a particular topic into details, you have to understand the necessary things and move a further step of getting the exact definition of the specific subject matter. The case is the same when it comes to writing literature work and assertively with critical analysis. The initial step that the student have to take before starting the essay is understanding the meaning of critical analysis. The first impression the professor get when going through your work is significant, and it dramatically determines the final score as the tutor will be able to tell whether you know what you are writing about or not. The first part of the work commonly termed as the introduction is very significant as well as the body and the conclusion bit. https://essaytanks.com/ is a reliable site which you should visit if straining in writing a various piece of academic work especially literature critical analysis which is our subject of discussion. In this site, you will have access of a wide variety of tutorials regarding multiple disciplines as well as get connected to qualified tutors who are oriented in offering support to students regarding helping them in areas they might be stuck in their school work. The components and procedure of writing a critical analysis are expounded to a more considerable extent below.

Meaning of critical analysis

Critical analysis can be referred to as a personal kind of writing that portrays the writer’s point of view through breaking down and studying parts of the particular work. The case is distinctive when it comes to literature work where one is supposed to write the read correctly and write a critical analysis of various genres such as short stories and movies among much other artwork. The main aim of writing a critical analysis is evaluating the authors work to boost reader’s proper understanding. Visit https://essaytanks.com/ site for more information.

Writing a literature critical analysis

The process of writing a compelling critical analysis involves the following two vital steps which are critical reading and critical writing. Let us begin by looking at the significant components of essential reading which include:

Pinpoint the writer’s thesis and the anticipated drive.

Scrutinize the arrangement of the passage by ascertaining all the original concepts.

Take the initiative of referring to a dictionary or encyclopedia to attain a clear understanding of content that is unfamiliar to you.

Simply write a framework of the work or write a precise description of it.

An outline is followed by composing a summary of the author’s work.

The purpose of having to be determined in this phase which could have an aim of

Informing with realistic material

Persuading with a plea to reason and emotions

Keep the audience amused through affecting their feelings.

The last bit involves evaluating the means the author applies to accomplish the aim of writing. Is it informing, persuading or entertaining? How have he or she presented the material, the evidence given as well as the emotions depicted in work?

Also, one has to consider the organization of the material, the likely audience, and the author’s assumptions regarding the audience as well as the language and imagery used in work. Remember to use first personal pronouns when giving your views, for example, “I think.” Introduce your work and keep aside the assumption that the professor is aware of what you are doing. Also, write about the current subject matter and support your thesis with the thesis as this is expected of you by the tutor. All this will earn you extra marks in your paper. For more information and further intervention visit https://essaytanks.com/ site with reliable resources and committed tutors.

Types of decision science techniques

Literature review

Name

Institution

Introduction

Operation is the section of an organization, that is deals with the changing of a wide number of inputs to the needed services so as to have the acceptable level of quality. Management is referenced as the method,that transforms and combines several resources that managers use in the functions of subsystems and departments of the organization into value uplifted services.This takes place through a controlled means according to the governing policies of specific organization.The group of management duties is regarded as management operations (Garg, 2012).To ensure success in operations management,entreprenuers make strategic decisons depending on matters arising at various stages and lines of production.For instance,managers must make particular decisions about quality control which is a subset of operations management.

Research discussion

Quality control refers to the protocol through which professionals review the quality and entities of factors that encompass production (Gupta & Starr,2014). The approach place an emphasy on the major aspects: Elements like job management, controls,integrity, identification and performance records are stated. Quality control tend to meet quality demand since it encompasses activities and techniques which are undertaken to verify diverse requirements for trial associated activities. The merits of well managed and established strategic decisons in quality control aid integral and writting of standard operating criteria.If businesses have to realize any success, quality control is a preliquisite portion in strategic planning which should not be ignored. It is a passport to excelling because it helps companies to achieve quality procedures, systems and processes.With a well strategized quality control, customer loyalty is maintained and time wasting is avoided because reworking does not occur.

Statement of problem

Quality control documents shall define quality objectives on top of ensuring objectives are implemented and understood by staffs within every busines set up.On the other hand,it will ensure that appropriate methods are implemented with aim of satisfying customer expectations, needs and business objectives. Also, the authority,responsibility,and inter association of main personnel who manage the value contol systems shall be defined through research on quality control. The research shall decide on work for continued quality improvement.Finally,findings shall provide enough resources for regulating the integrity of quality systems.

Types of decision science techniques

There are several types of decision science techniques such as planning,organizing and controlling.

Planning

Planning activity shall establish the course of guide and action for coming decision-making.Reason being, operations leaders shall define the aims of operations systems and the procedures and policies for scoring the objective shall be established. This stage will clarify the focus of management operations and overall strategy.

Organizing

Organization activities shall be studied to establish authority and tasks. The path through which message flows within the subsystem will be determined and the authority will assign responsibility to various individuals.

Controlling

Control work will be used to decide since it assures the usual performance takes place in accordance to the programmed.

Usefulness of operations management

Operations management shall ensure right quality of control is established according to the clients need. Also,correct quantity shall be used in production of various products since research shall define right number.Right timing is promoted since delivery of important parameters which judge the reliability and effectiveness of operating departments are stated (Murthy, 2010).

Personal evaluation

Research organizations should be sponsored to establish, monitor and manage the existing quality control systems (Murthy, 2010).This is due to the fact that some of their standard operating provide high level quality services yet they do not satisfy expectations and needs of customers.Meaning that something need to be done so as to have correctly valued products.

Conclusion

To sum with,quality control constitutes the main part of operations management and should not be assumed since it fulfil quality requirements in businesses.Hence,research must be done to commensurate business objectives (Aswathappa & Bhat,2010).Managers must strategise on quality control to aid the adequacy, effectiveness, efficiency and reliability of quality controlling systems.

References

Aswathappa, K., & Bhat, S. (2010). Production and operations management. Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. House.

Murthy, C. S. V. (2010). Production and operations management. Mumbai [India: Himalaya Pub. House.

Gupta, S., & Starr, M. K. (2014). Production and operations management systems.

Garg, A. K. (2012). Production and operations management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd.

Literature Review Evaluation Of Simulation

Literature Review Evaluation Of Simulation

Question 1

The research sought the identification of whether HPS would be used independently as a predictor of knowledge gains of heart failure in prelicensure nursing students.

The relevant variables in the research question include knowledge gains with HPS

Increase of clinical knowledge with the use of HPS.

HPS as an independent predictor of knowledge gains

The identification of whether HPS or other factors induce knowledge gains objectively could be used by the faculty for the maximization of those variables so as to optimize the learning experience stimulation.

Self-efficacy a factor linked to increased knowledge and consequently increased in HPS.

This is an individual’s degree in confidence when they are preforming a desired skill or action.

The research shows that gains in self-efficacy were found in HPS however there are no links to gains in knowledge

HPS has also not been thoroughly investigated as being a predictor for great gains in clinical understanding.

Question 2

The research seeks to find out whether HPS would be used as an independent predictor of knowledge gains in prelicensure nursing students

The literature review aligns with the research question since it starts by indicating the uncertainty of the impact of HPS on gains in knowledge clearly establishing the existing interest in finding out whether HPS can be used as a predictor of knowledge gains in prelicensure nursing students.

It is also mentioned that knowledge gains with HPS have been demonstrated in both basic and advanced life supporting training but there is still need to find out whether there are any increases in forms of clinical knowledge if HPS is used.

There are also previous researches conducted but none of them is seen to have investigated HPS as an independent predictor

Despite the fact that many institutions use HPS as a method of teaching there is no publication that supports stimulation as an independent predictor

The literature review indicates that identifying whether HPS or other factors induce the gain of knowledge objectively could be useful for facilities to maximize the variables found and hence use the learning experience of stimulation optimally.

It attempts to link gains of self-efficacy and HPS and thus indirectly links HPS to being an independent predictor of knowledge gains.

Question 3

A large proportion of the sources used in the literature review are from primary sources.

In fact it is only one secondary source that has ben used in the literature review al the other sources are primary sources

The secondary source used is Ravet’s literature review

These are works that have been done and published by individual researches that have been used in writing this literature review.

Question 4

This literature review is not complete.

This is because there is no conclusive information given that evidently indicates HPS would be used as an independent predictor of knowledge gains in prelicensure nursing students

There is no direct link between HPS and knowledge gains

The literature review only gives an assumption and does not clearly show any direct link between knowledge gains and HJPS

There is also some form of bias in the literature review

It clearly puts it that there is no sufficient research that has ben done in this topic however HPS is still ben incorporated into curriculums.

This is clearly a form of bias whereby facilities assume that since HPS has been used in other forms of training it can also be used as a predictor of knower gains in prelicensure nursing students.

Question 5

The literature review gives an analysis and synthesis of the sources that have been sited

For instance from the Revert source that has been sited clearly brings out what research has been previously done on the topic.

This gives an insight of what has been achieved so far on the topic and hence gives a platform where further research can begin from.

Reference

Literature Review on Underlying Causes That Can Create a Serial Killer

Literature Review on Underlying Causes That Can Create a Serial Killer

Sayrey-Sothea El

University of Houston

Dr. Bravo

Serial killing or serial murder involves the murder of more than one person, usually with a “cooling off” period between the murders. These crimes usually have no apparent motive and involve strangers who are murdered over extended periods of time. The U.S. has a higher percentage of serial killers than any other country in the world, with nearly 25% of all serial killings worldwide taking place in America (Pace, 2019).

Based on FBI investigations, many serial killers suffer from a combination of personality disorders which are often inconspicuous. The three major categories of personality disorders include Paranoid, Schizoid, and Psychopathic. Many psychologists believe that serial killers fall into the last category. Psychopathy is a mental disorder in which a person has an antisocial, sadistic or psychopathic disposition with poor impulse control. A person who suffers from a form of psychopathy may display superficial charm and intelligence while hiding deep-rooted problems with their behavior and emotions. According to the FBI Behavioural Science Unit, serial killers have an innate ability to manipulate others, give them someone to talk to, and trust them with sensitive information.

Serial killing is one of the most complex and challenging forms of crime to investigate as there is rarely any forensic evidence left behind in cases that do not involve sexual assault or armed robbery; police rely heavily on knowledge about typical patterns to link cases together and identify likely suspects for questioning.

The standard theory is that serial killers share a long term obsession with violence, however few cases of serial homicide have been directly named as such, some of which include: John Reginald Halliday Christie (killed at least 12 people); Charlie Lyke (39 victims); Henry Lee Lucas and Ottis Toole (17 victims); Aileen Wuornos (7 victims) (Deepak & Ramdoss, 2021). Theories about the “Mackenzie painting” are based on the observation that all five of the known cases of serial homicide involve small town American males that were around 20-30 years old.

In the United States, there has been a slight increase in the number of serial killers since the mid-1990s. The increased publicity and media coverage of these cases may be responsible for this increase. Additionally, in areas that have experienced serial killings, such as the so-called ‘killing fields’ along Route 40 near Green River, Utah and Nevada, it has also become more likely that there will be a killer or killers available to police before any bodies are found.

The first notable US serial killer is usually considered to be H.H. Holmes, who killed 11 people over 18 months between 1896 and 1897 in Chicago. Holmes is also believed to have had a hand in the highly publicized murder of his own wife, who disappeared from the home the couple shared. Holmes was never tried for his crimes due to a hung jury, and later escaped from jail. He was eventually captured, confessed to his crimes and was hanged in Philadelphia on May 7, 1896.

The United States has produced many notable serial killers, including Richard Trenton Chase (“The Vampire of Sacramento”), David Berkowitz (“Son of Sam”), Patrick Kearney Mitchell (“The Milwaukee Monster”), Ted Bundy and Aileen Wuornos. Some killers have become infamous because of the gruesome circumstances of their crimes, the total number of victims, or the length of time during which they eluded capture. Others, such as those who have committed mass killings or those whose crimes have earned them a place in popular culture, are noted for their fame. Some serial killers have even been researched and written about to such an extent that they have become synonymous with murder itself. Theodore Robert Bundy is one example. He was a serial killer who was active in several states throughout the 1970s and confessed to killing thirty women. He once said that he could “go out and kill anybody between one day and six months from now.

One of the best-known cases involving a string of serial murders was that of Ed Gein. Gein was convicted and executed in 1957 for the murder of a total of two women and a teenage girl. He was known to have been obsessed with the concept of body parts, particularly skulls and femurs, which he would retain from his victims. Another local man, Driver Ed Kearney (a pharmacist) confessed to Gein that he had killed two women and an illegitimate son for insurance money, but later recanted the confession. Another man also confessed to killing several people in a similar way but later recanted as well.

Also of note is Ottis Toole who murdered five females in Florida between 1974-1976. Toole was a drifter who worked for victims and stole their money, jewelry, and personal effects. He kept the skull, skins, bones and hands of all five women. He was arrested in 1977 after police traced a stolen money order from one of his victims to his mother’s home in Fort Myers (Toates & Coschug-Toates, 2022).

Many serial killers move from area to area to find new victims. Some are quite organized in their efforts to find new victims or avoid being caught by the law. Some killers perform violent acts to attract their victims, while others choose a method of killing that is less personal. Most serial killers are male but women are also known to be serial killers and some have been sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole. We know what causes a person to become a serial killer but how many of these individuals will commit serious violence and murder? It’s estimated that there are around 400-500 active serial killers in the United States alone and they kill approximately 3000 people every year (Call, 2019). This number is based on the FBI definition which is any person who has killed three or more people within a year or killed one victim up to four times during the same time frame.

References

Call, C. (2019). Serial entertainment: A content analysis of 35 years of serial murder in film. Homicide studies, 23(4), 362-380.

Toates, F., & Coschug-Toates, O. (2022). Understanding Sexual Serial Killing. Cambridge University Press.

Deepak, S. A., & Ramdoss, S. (2021). The life-course theory of serial killing: A motivation model. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 65(13-14), 1446-1472.

Pace, A. N. (2019). Serial killers in popular media: A content analysis of sensationalism and support for capital punishment.

Literature Review Part 3 Sample Submission

Literature Review Part 3 Sample Submission

Name: Rolando Carol

Research Topic: Power Dynamics and Conformity

Caveman Outline

Paragraph 1: Topic Introduction

Gabbert, Memon, & Wright (2006)

Meade & Roediger (2006)

Paragraph 2: Why conform?

Define informational and normative influence

Campbell & Fairey (1989)

Gabbert, Memon, & Wright (2007)

Asch (1955)

Paragraph 3: Power

Define types of power

Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson (2003)

Galinsky, Magee, Gruenfeld, Whitson, & Liljenquist (2008)

Paragraph 4: Power affects conformity

Brinol, Petty, Valle, Rucker, & Becerra (2007)

Eaton, Visser, Krosnick, & Anand (2009)

Morrison, Rothman, & Soll (2011)

Paragraph 5: Knowledge Gap

Skagerberg & Wright (2008)

Paragraph 6 (Final paragraph): Purpose, Design, and Hypothesis

Restate research purpose/goal

Design

Hypothesis

Middle Paragraph (Paragraph 4)

Most research on social power and conformity suggests that those in powerful positions should be more resistant to social influence than those in less powerful positions. Research on social power and persuasion, for example, has shown that power can validate an individual’s existing views (Brinol, Petty, Valle, Rucker, & Becerra, 2007) and is associated with endorsing resoluteness and resisting attitude change (Eaton, Visser, Krosnick, & Anand, 2009). Power may be an impediment to experiencing empathy (Galinsky,Magee, Inesi, & Gruenfeld, 2006) and increases the psychological distance that one feels from others (Smith & Trope,2006) while motivating one to act in accordance with one’s own disposition or attitudes (e.g., Chen, Lee-Chai, & Bargh,2001; Galinsky, Gruenfeld, & Magee, 2003; Galinsky et al.,2008). Finally, powerful individuals have been shown to perceive less need for input from others, even when advice could help them perform better (See, Morrison, Rothman, & Soll, 2011). For these reasons, one would expect powerful individuals to exhibit less memory conformity than less powerful individuals.

Last Paragraph

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of work place social power on memory conformity between dyads. Participant-actor pairs will first see 50 images on a computer screen. Next, they will be randomly assigned to one of three social power combinations: Manager-Subordinate, Subordinate-Manager, or Collaborator-Collaborator. After these role assignments, pairs will be tested on whether each of 100 images (50 old and 50 new) had or had not been shown previously. Actors will always respond before participants so we can measure participants’ memory conformity toward their partners. In line with prior findings on social power and memory conformity, I predict that subordinates will display significantly more memory conformity than both managers and collaborators.

Literature Review Research Matrix

Literature Review Research MatrixPlease note that the first row of data is meant as an example. Please read the example article (Garriott, Hudyma, Keene, & Santiago, 2015) as a guide for how to dissect each article assigned.

Reference Main Themes/Constructs Research Questions Theoretical Framework or Model Population & Sample description & “N=” Methodology and Design Summary of Findings

Garriott, P. O., Hudyma, A., Keene, C., & Santiago, D. (2015). Social cognitive predictors of first and non-first-generation college students’ academic and life satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 253–263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000066 Academic Progress, academic satisfaction, college outcome expectations, college life efficacy, environmental supports, life satisfaction, positive affect. What are the predictors of students’ academic and life satisfaction? Lent’s model of normative well-being. N=414

Students from two 4-year universities. Quantitative, Quasi-Experimental, Multiple Measures. Results suggested the hypothesized model provided an adequate fit to the data while hypothesized relationships in the model were partially supported. Environmental supports predicted college self-efficacy, college outcome expectations, and academic satisfaction. Furthermore, college self-efficacy predicted academic progress while college outcome expectations predicted academic satisfaction. Academic satisfaction, but not academic progress predicted life satisfaction.

Adams, T. L., & McBrayer, J. S. (2020). “The lived experiences of first-generation college students of color integrating into the institutional culture of a predominantly white institution.”

http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Flived-experiences-first-generation-college%2Fdocview%2F2394539724%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D27965First-Generation, College Students, Culture, Integration, Students of Color, Predominantly White Institution (PWI), Phenomenological Qualitative Research Design How do first-generation college students of color experience college at a PWI? No framework or model used No specific number of participants .

Currently enrolled first-generation college students of color Qualitative research design; phenomenological qualitative approach The findings supported the literature in that first-generation college students share a common set of challenges, such as being more likely to come from low-income families, identify as a racial minority, are less prepared academically for college, report more feelings of marginalization, and experience greater cultural difficulties and participants in this study expressed these same experiences.

Another finding is that participants value the relationships and connections they have formed at the institution, they raved about the quality of the education they were receiving, they were thankful for the opportunity to receive a higher education from a well-known institution, and they all expected to graduate from the university.

There was insinuation that the campus was segregated as a whole, but as well as among peers within their own race and ethnic group

Deng X. &, Yang Z. (2021). “Digital proficiency and psychological well-being in online learning: Experiences of first-generation college students and their peers.”

http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fdigital-proficiency-psychological-well-being%2Fdocview%2F2544936308%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D27965Digital proficiency; psychological well-being; college students; information and communication technology; quantitative analysis; COVID-19 (1) How does digital proficiency explain the psychological well-being of first-generation college students and their counterparts?

(2) How do individual background factors explain the psychological well-being of first-generation college students and their counterparts? No framework or model used N = 309

The participants of this study were undergraduate and graduate students at a Business College at a four-year urban, public university on the west coast of the United States.  Surveys Study findings suggest that developing and strengthening college students’ digital proficiency is especially important for promoting their psychological well-being in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when delivery of face-to-face instruction and physical classroom interactions are diminished.

Duran et al. (2020). “A critical quantitative analysis of students’ sense of belonging: Perspectives on race, generation status, and collegiate environments.”

http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcritical-quantitative-analysis-students-sense%2Fdocview%2F2396274639%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D27965 1. How does sense of belonging differ based on race, generation status, and the intersection of each?

2. What is the relationship between exposure to or participation in collegiate environments and sense of belonging?

3. How do collegiate environments relate to students’ sense of belonging when taking into consideration the intersection of race and college generation status? Astin’s input– environment–outcome (I-E-O) model N = 7,888

The 8 participating institutions were classified as doctoral universities with 1 of the private universities located in the Mideast, the other private university and 2 of the public universities in the Great Lakes region, 3 public universities in the Far West, and 1 public university located in New England Critical quantitative research; Survey  The study findings indicate that African American / Black collegians had significantly lower belonging

The study results also revealed the conditional effects of involvement and engagement on campus. Namely, continuing-generation African American / Black students did not experience the positive influence of cocurricular engagement on their belongingness compared to the entire sample.

Ellis et al. (2019). “Examining first-generation college student lived experiences with microaggressions and microaffirmations at a predominately white public research university.”

http://library.capella.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2018-28120-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site Microaggression; Microaffirmation; First-generation college students; Lived experience; 1. How microaggressions shape the lived undergraduate experience of FGCS at a predominately White public research university

2. How communications and exchanges may empower and support the identities and experiences of undergraduate students who identify as an FGCS. Sue et al.’s microaggression framework N = 3,453

Enrolled undergraduate first-generation college students from the university Empirical Study; Qualitative Study; Quantitative Study The qualitative study revealed that FGCS experienced microaggressions and microaffirmations at a PWI, which shaped how FGCS felt connected to others on campus and dictated their decisions to engage with peers, faculty, and formal resources.

Literature Review on ornamentation of artwork

Literature Review

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Mosaic PAGEREF _Toc378194653 h 3Fabric decoration PAGEREF _Toc378194654 h 4

Research shows that ornamentation of artwork adds value as well as, aesthetics; however this is mainly done by decorating the surfaces of the artwork using different motifs. The artwork includes decorating furniture, utensils and clothing. However, there is other ornamentation or artworks which mainly involve the body art. For example, in the past, the use skin was the major canvas for African expression for many years making ornamentation of artwork to become the source of interest for many Kenyans. Artwork ornamentation started gaining a strong foothold in the 1900s and from the anthropological research; it is evident that many cultures across the world are today using different forms of artworks as well as, ornamentation for different reasons (Gair, 2006).

Throughout the history of African culture, anthropologists noted that exploring ethnic motifs as well as, designs from the material culture of the Kenyan ethnic groups and utilizing them in ornamentation has become greater activity to the Kenyans people. Artwork and aesthetics ornamentation in Kenya can be examined in terms of the complexity required for creating and decrypting a work of art. As a result, the government of Kenya has proposed different laws for aesthetic complexity (Thomas, 2002). According to the first law of aesthetic complexity in Kenya, it is noted that too condensed encoding may make a decryption of a work of art impossible and is also perceived to be chaotic by the untrained mind, whereas too regular structures are perceived as monotonous, too orderly and not very stimulating. Thus a necessary condition for an artistic form or design to appear appealing is its complexity to lie within a bracket between monotony and chaos. According to the second law of aesthetic complexity, due to human predisposition, this bracket is invariably based on natural forms; with rather limited plasticity. The third law of aesthetic complexity states that aesthetic complexity trends are dominated by the available resources, and thus also by cost and scarcity.

Several strategies on the other hand have been applied to increase the aesthetic complexity and artistic expression virtual universes. The human mind seems to be able to recognize automation in pattern creation, and often resents too simple schemes. Presently, there are different motifs and designs in Kenyan. The designs include the use of paints, mosaic, fabric decoration, body artwork and many others. Painting in artworks use color pigment such as paints on distinctive surfaces. Painting allows artists to creatively decorate surfaces so as to make then appear like a different image without altering the actual image (Thomas, 2002). For example, “Rock paintings were believed to be the first painted works of art mostly done by the cave people. They painted using their fingers and soft colored clay on rock surfaces following examples of claw marks made by animals. Clearly, then, a well-known ideal source of paint material used on rocks came from colored soils obtained from organic or living matter as well as, inorganic (Baker, 2007).

The study carried out notes that, “red” paints were obtained from “iron oxide, black paints were executed from inorganic compounds such as manganese dioxide, as well as pine carbons. Therefore, the paints used by creative artists to produce painting artworks were also obtained by mixing ground color pigments and they may be added with various types of cohesive substances such as gum to bind them on a planned surface (Harrison, 2001). The various paint pigments have different mixing properties and they require diverse types of binders to transform them into workable tools. Painting is significant because it embellish o an artwork. Painting attaches our daily life to the aesthetics of colors. Conversely, through painting artists attain imitated creative styles to supplement with their attained skills of color use. Painting on the other hand can be used as a medium for sharpening a learner’s logical reasoning (Thomas, 2002).

As well as to discover the life and art of greatest painters as well as past events. Most artisans paint to review and to practice their theoretical knowledge of colors, and during critiques, painting artists acquires shared knowledge about techniques and colors.

MosaicIt is evident that ethnic motifs and designs derived from material culture can as well be utilized in ornamentation. For instance, the ornamentation of pieces of art work is significant in adding the value to the item and improves the quality and aesthetics. As a result, using of motifs that are derived from the material culture of our Kenyan ethnic groups will greatly help in preserving the culture and heritage of different communities (Baker, 2007). However, this can only be done by utilizing the motifs in ornamenting an individual artwork. Today, most Kenyans decorate their ornaments using mosaic. A mosaic is a type of artwork that can be made by arranging small colored pieces of hard materials like glass, stone and tiles to create a beautiful decorative pattern (Thomas, 2002). The history of mosaic art (2008) tells us that “mosaic history goes back some 4,000 years or more, with the use ofterracotta cones pushed point-first into a background to give decorations.” From this we can understand that any hard surface can provide a base for a mosaic artwork so long as it is firm, free from moisture and grease or liquids (Baker, 2007).

According to research, by the eighth century there were pebble pavements with different unstructured decorations of coloured stones used for creating patterns by the Greeks. These mosaic artworks were used for various purposes like making elaborate decorations in worship places especially churches, surfacing roads, house floor, walls, decorative utensils and furniture (Harrison, 2001).

Other creative artists who do mosaic use recycled materials from broken coloured pieces of terracotta carefully selected from earthenware of a kind like glass, pottery as well as tiles. Mosaic artworks are created in different ways, some display shapes of precise geometric patterns, while other are arranged almost randomly to display or show scenes of people and animals. In other words, there is no right or wrong choice for making mosaics artworks (Gair, 2006). This type of motif design has a great impact on contemporary art and the ornamentation skills on the designers and artisans.

Fabric decorationToday, fabric decoration as a type of motifs and designs are currently used for ornamentation in the Kenyan contemporary art. Fabric decoration is the art of embellishing cloth or fabric for pleasant appearances. Other artistic define “fabric design/decoration” as “the patterning of an essentially plain fabric to render it more appealing or to serve a particular purpose.” Hence, the designer of fabric decoration should not only be given the fundamental skills of depicting creative and artistic enhancements on the surface of a fabric for various intended aims, but they can as well learn about altering fabrics by sewing, given that this can also be an approach typically used to decorate fabrics. Other methods of fabric decoration include dyeing, bleaching, starching, waxing, printing and sewing (Harrison, 2001).

In Kenya, the antiquities or ancient past of fabrics starts from tribal people such as the Nilotes, Cushites and Bantus who used bark cloth for clothing, interior decorations, protection from bad weather by covering their naked bodies and very many other purposes (Gair, 2006). It has also been speculated in Kenya that the direct trade relations between the Indians living in Kenya and the people living in Western Kenya has resulted in the cross-cultural transfer of ideas and skills in fabric decoration, which later translated into the patterning of bark-cloth, initially exclusively, for royal usage.” This for many years has presented the value of promoting cross-cultural understanding by the people who used bark cloth. It also led to the discovery of more ways of decorating fabrics, which most Kenyans wear today for distinctive purposes. Literally, some sources suggest that decorated bark cloth existed in other parts of Africa (Baker, 2007).

References

Baker, G. (2007). The artwork caught by the tail: Francis Picabia and Dada in Paris. London: MIT Press.

Gair, A. (2006). Artist’s manual: a complete guide to painting and drawing materials and techniques. London: Chronicle Books.Harrison, H. (2001). Painting shapes and edges: give depth, clarity and form to your artwork. New York: North Light Books.

Herskovic, M. (2003). American abstract expressionism of the 1950s: an illustrated survey with artists’ statements, artwork and biographies. London: New York School Press.

Thomas, T. (2002). Artwork by Tona Thomas. London: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Sioux Indian Museum and Crafts Center.

List and describe the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies

List and describe the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies

Introduction

Research and Development (R & D) is an important tool in the business strategy implementation process aimed at not only growing but improving a business as well. It is basically a venture in technology and future capabilities, and entails researching a given market and customer needs in order to create not only new but improved products, processes and services to match customer needs. As highlighted by David (2000, p.99), there are three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies. In view of this therefore, this paper intends to discuss the three approaches for implementing strategies.

Being the First Business Organization to Market Technological Products

One of the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies is to actually be the first organization to market new technological products. According to Porter & Cunningham (2004, p.6), this particular approach is and has been a significant factor in enabling many business organizations to establish their dominant positions within a number of advanced markets. As an approach for implementing business strategies, working at being the first organization to market technological products often blows away any serious competition. As a result; other business organizations simply find it difficult to keep up. David (2012, p.122) however highlights that as much as it is glamorous and exciting approach, it may also be a dangerous one. This is in view of the fact that many companies, for instance, the famous General Electric, have succeeded using this particular approach, with many other pioneering companies failing as well.

Being a Creative or Innovative Imitator of Flourishing Products

A second major approach for implementing strategies is to be a creative and innovative imitator of thriving products. According to David (2012,p.124), this approach is often helpful in terms of enabling business organizations minimize not only risks but costs involved in start-ups.This particular approach often entails letting a given pioneer business organization to develop the original version of a given product and demonstrating that a market for the product indeed exists. Once this is done, laggard business organizations come up (develop) such similar products. The strategy, however, requires excellent research and development personnel alongside an outstanding marketing department.

Being a Low-Cost Manufacturer or Producer of Related Products but Less Costly Products

A third major approach for implementing strategies is to be a low-cost manufacturer or producer by mass-producing of related products but less costly products that are recently produced within a given market. As new products become accepted by customers, prices often become increasingly significant in the customers’ buying decision. This strategy however requires significant investment in terms of plant and equipments but fewer costs in research and development compared to the other aforementioned approaches. As highlighted by David (2012,p.127), one of the most recently noted trends relating to this particular approach is relaxing the secrecy veil whereby business companies, even key competitors, are joining forces to create new products, hence securing low-cost production. Collaboration among business companies is thus on the increase owing to rising competitive pressures, rising regulatory-related issues, increasing research costs as well as accelerated product development schedules.

Conclusion

As highlighted, it is evidently clear that research and development (R & D) is a significant means through which any business organization can achieve future growth through the initiating the development of new products/services or processes aimed at not only improving but also expanding their operations. The paper has generally listed and provided a discussion of the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies.

Work Cited

David, Fred. Strategic Management Concepts: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Prentice Hall PTR, Pp.116-127, 2012

David, Fred. Instructors Resource Manual, Prentice Hall PTR, Pp.99-101, 2000

Porter, Alan & Cunningham, Scott. Tech Mining: Exploiting New Technologies for Competitive Advantage, John Wiley & Sons, Pp.6, 2004

Limited Partnership

Limited Partnership

Introduction

In limited partnership, limited partners have shares of ownership however, they do not take part to manage the partnership. They are neither liable for the amount which are greater than what they had invested in partnership. It contrasts to the general partners who play roles in daily operations of partnership, and are personally responsible for any liabilities of partnership. This paper therefore compares and contrasts the risks and benefits of being in a limited partnership in regards to corporate and partnership law.

In limited partnership, there tends to be some benefits or risks that a limited partner might face. One of the benefits of limited partnership for a limited partner is that, it is easier for the limited partnership to attract their investors since the capital that they invest in businesses is the liability for a limited partner. Limited partners on the other hand, benefits from the general partners by focusing the efforts they have in order for them to run the business. The limited partners also have the freedom to leave whenever they feel like, or they can be replaced with other people without the dissolving of the Limited partnership.

Other benefit of a limited partner is where, the partner benefits from simple operating structure. A partnership, as it is opposed to the corporation, seems to be simple to be established as well as, running it given that there are no forms which need to be filed or drafted. The partner only needs to file the certificate of partnership with the state office so as to register for the business name as well as, securing the license of that business. Because of that, annual filing corporation fees which are sometimes expensive are avoided when partnership is formed.

A limited partner also benefit in taxes advantage. In general partnership, there is flow of profit and loses from the business to the partners as compared to limited partnership, where taxes are levied on a limited partners’ income, though, a limited partner fails to experience the case, since they get to share the profits and losses as they participate in the business only (Stark, 2007).

A limited partner also benefits on liability limits in that, their liability for partnership’s debt is always limited to the money that individual partners contributes to partnership. This is different from the general partnership since any amount that is contributed usually becomes the asset of all the partners.

Another benefit of being in a limited partner is the benefit of flexibility. The decision can be easily made since the managers are the owners of the partnership when the business is small. It is different from the corporations where the shareholders, the directors, and the officers have some skilled knowledge of making decisions.

Conversely, there are some risks which a limited partner may indulge in when forming this kind of partnership. The limited partner may be risking in participating in limited partnership since they do not know whether there are chances of lack of making profit and whether there are clear guidelines that indicates who is doing what amongst the partners and how the business is to be conducted. The limited partner also risks given that there is no state regulations which are subjected to paperwork as compared to the general partnership (Goldstein, 2007).

The limited partner also risks on losing some benefits of limited partner status if they happen to take the active roles to conduct the activities of partnership, because of this, the general partners try to maintain the full personal risks. There is also a risk of a limited partner to just give out their capital contribution as it is provided in the agreement of partnership, however if the limited partners tends to participate in management of partnership business, the protected limited partner status may be lost and this makes it to become liable for all the risk (Haupt & Malange 2010).

Other risks include the risks of authority of partners. For example, when there is a contract and one partner happens to sign it, every other partner will fulfill it by bounding it legally. An example of this case is where by, one person who is in that partnership orders some computer equipments which are worth $ 5,000; it is as if his other partners placed the order too. However, if the business cannot afford to pay that bill, then the other members’ personal assets will be in line with the person who ordered for those computer equipments. This tends to be true even if the other partners are not aware of the contract (Goldstein, 2007).

References

Clarkson, K. W., Miller, R. L., & Cross, F. B. (2012). Business law: text and cases : legal, ethical, global, and corporate environment (12th ed.). London: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Goldstein, A. S. (2007). The limited partnership book. London: Garrett Pub..

Haupt, A., & Malange, N. J. (2010). Corporate law for commerce students: partnership, companies, and close corporations. London: Van Schaik Publishers.

Stark, K. J. (2007). Corporate and partnership income tax: code and regulations : selected sections (2007-2008 ed.). New York, N.Y.: Foundation Press.