Section II. (7 points). Write a concise essay to one of the questions below addressing each point raised therein.
A. Egoism: In your book & in class we distinguished between psychological egoism & ethical egoism. What is the difference between the two types of egoistic theory; i.e. what does each state and how do they differ? Now, we criticized both theories quite thoroughly, but we demonstrated that psychological egoism can’t possibly be true on two different types of evidential grounds, one being based on concrete problems it faces and the other based on a certain logical confusion it gets itself entangled in. Give one practical objection. State & clarify the logical problem that shows the falsehood of psychological egoism.
B. What does the doctrine of moral relativism (MR) attempt to teach? How does the incessant pushing of indiscriminate tolerance in contemporary western culture both depend upon and promote MR? On what assumptions is MR based? Now, state its premises and infer its conclusions. What criticisms can be brought against its premises and what contradictions are expressed in its conclusions? What fundamental fallacy does it commit and why is the distinction upon which that fallacy is based so important to moral thought? Defend your answer.