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Question 1 1. The figure depicts an experiment conducted in the 1950s that was used to discover a key component of the immune response to a virus. This experiment was performed by infecting nonimmune cells in culture with an inactive form of the influenza virus. After incubation with the inactive virus, the cells and virus were removed and the culture media is transferred to a second culture of cells. The media alone from the initial culture was able to prevent influenza virus replication in the second culture. What factor in the immune response to viruses was identified in this experiment? [x] Answer 2 points Question 2 1. Many viruses produce proteins that evade the interferon response. Match the viral protein with its mechanism of inhibiting the interferon response. Answer InfluenzaAnswer A Pseudo substrate for PKR NS1 . B. Activates cellular phosphatase that Vaccinia dephosphorylates eIF2a virus C. Binds dsRNA and prevents PKR activation K3L D Interferon receptor analog that bnds HSV ICP34.5 EBV Bcrf1 . interferon and prevents activation of cellular interferon receptor E. Interleukin analog that inhibits production of interferons Vaccinia Virus B18R 2 points Question 3 1. Match the following pattern recognition receptors with the viral component they recognize Answer Toll-like Receptor 3 Toll-like Receptor 4 Toll-like Receptor 7 Answer A Viral glycoproteins . B. Unmethylated CpG DNA C. ssRNA D . dsRNA Rig-I Toll-like Receptor 9 2 points Question 4 1. Match the labled boxes in the figure below with the correct.... Answer Answer A RIG-I . B. Mx C. Interferon Receptor D NFkB . E. TLR9 F. G . H . I. J. TLR3 eIF2alpha PKR TRIM5-alpha RNase L TLR4 K . L. TLR7 12 points Question 5 1. The data below is recent data that a colleague of mine generated who obviously has not taken BIOL 513. RNA aptamers are short RNA oligonucleotides (~80 nucleotides) that can be selected with high affinity to a specific protein. A RNA aptamer was identified that binds specifically to one of the viral X proteins and inhibits a protein/protein interaction essential for replication of Virus X. The idea of the experiment below was to see if the aptamer would inhibit replication of the viruses in cells by measuring the cytopathic effect. The colleague transfected the virus X aptamer into cells. As he had hoped, the aptamer inhibits the virus cytopathic effect. As a control, the colleague also transfected a random aptamer that does not bind to any of the viral proteins and should not inhibit replication. To his surprise, the random aptamer is just as effective as the viral aptamer at inhibiting viral replication. What did the colleague fail to take into account when designing this experiment (3-4 sentences max)? Answer Press Tab to enter the content editor. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).