Explain how air pollution is an example of market failure

Explain how air pollution is an example of market failure

In the summer of 2004, the city of Kitchener, Ontario, often experienced the worst air pollution in Canada, affecting the health of hundreds of thousands of people.

Explain how air pollution is an example of market failure. Give an example of how each of the four remedies for market failure listed in Subsection 10.2.2 might be applied to the case of air pollution.