When you flip 20 coins, how many do you expect to land heads up, and what sort of distribution would you expect to see if you made a histogram of your results after many such experiments?
QUESTION 1
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cWhen you flip 20 coins, how many do you expect to land heads up, and what sort of distribution would you expect to see if you made a histogram of your results after many such experiments?
(A) It is expected to see 20 heads and the distribution would have a symmetric bell shape.
(B) It is expected to see 10 heads and the distribution would be equally spread across all possibilities from 0 to 20.
(C) It is expected to see 10 heads and the distribution would have a symmetric bell shape.
(D) Since coin tosses are random, there is insufficient information to answer this question.
QUESTIO 2
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Would you expect weights of people to be spread out equally across a population, say with an equal number looking like jockeys and linebackers and everything in between?
(A) No, because most folks are near some average weight, with only a few extremely light or extremely heavy. The distribution would be more bell shaped.
(B) No, because until the whole population is checked, this question cannot be answered.
(C) Yes, because data, like weights of people, are spread out equally in the population.
(D) Yes, because an equal distribution describes a bell shaped distribution.
QUESTION 3
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Why does Dr. Vickers argue that many natural events end up looking like the Normal distribution?
(A) Because events are random and the Normal model describes random events.
(B) Because he said so.
(C) Because most natural events can be thought of as adding up a large number of random events (licoin flips).
(D) It does not matter whether the events have distributions that look like the Normal model because the Normal model can be used no matter what.
QUESTION 4
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Dr. Vickers says that researchers check the effectiveness of a new drug for weight loss by _______.
(A) asking people how they felt about the drug and their body image
(B) comparing study results with coin flips.
(C) seeing if people lost weight.
QUESTION 5
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In what way is the distribution of Dr. Vickers’ math test results (the 27 divided by ÷12 question) similar to the distribution of cancer cell counts that he showed?
(A) The distribution is not symmetric.
(B) Each distribution has a few individuals far out right with math scores (or cancer cell counts) far higher than the others.
(C) The underlying data process for both is multiplicative.
QUESTION 6
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If the underlying data process is additive (like coin flipping), what should the distribution of data end up looking like?
(A) Uniform
(B) Skewed to the right
(C) Normal
(D) It is impossible to say because all data will be different.
QUESTION 7
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Which one of the following statements is NOT one of the three main points Dr. Vickers makes at the end of this video?
(A) If you add up a number of processes, you get a Normal distribution; if you multiply them together, you get a skewed distribution
(B) With some kind of statistics, like medical statistics, processes are not additive, so you don’t see Normal distributions too often.
(C) It is impossible to predict what the distribution of data will look like even if you understand the underlying data process.
(D) Looking at the shape of a distribution tells you a little about what is going on in the real world.