Discuss any potential policy implications for the issue

Discuss any potential policy implications for the issue

Discuss any potential policy implications for the issue

Business Law and Ethics

Rationing Issues in Healthcare

The concept of rationing healthcare is dealt with on a daily basis. Healthcare rationing in the United States exists in various forms. Access to private health insurance is rationed based on price and ability to pay. Those not able to afford a health insurance policy are unable to acquire one, and sometimes, insurance companies prescreen applicants for pre-existing medical conditions and either decline to cover the applicant or apply additional price and medical coverage conditions. Access to state Medicaid programs is restricted by income and asset limits through a means test and to other federal and state eligibility regulations. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that commonly cover the bulk of the population restrict access to treatment via financial and clinical access limits.

Using the internet, find a current article (no more than two years old) on rationing issues in healthcare. The article should also be peer-reviewed.

After reading your article, summarize its contents and the main theme discussed. Then, answer the following questions:

How is rationing defined and what criteria are offered to ration care?
Discuss and apply at least one of the major ethical theories to the issue and the ethical decision-making process to the issue.
What do you feel the impact of the issue in the article will be on the healthcare industry? What can be done to ensure rationing is done fairly?
Discuss the major codes of ethics of the stakeholders involved in the issue and how these codes will affect the decision-making process and the final decision.
Examine and discuss the impact that the issue and the final decision will have on the stakeholders involved.
Discuss any potential policy implications for the issue and the final decision

 

Module title english legal systems, method and skills

Module title english legal systems, method and skills

Module title english legal systems, method and skills

Business Law and Ethics

 

The word limit for this Assessment 2 is 2000 words. Footnotes and the bibliography are not included within the word limit. Footnotes can only be used for referencing.

Yemshaw v London Borough of Hounslow [2011] UKSC 3 For this Assessment 2

you have to answer a number of questions about the case of Yemshaw v London Borough of Hounslow. This case involves housing law. In addition to the parties to the case there are also two interveners. The interveners are the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and the Women’s Aid Federation of England. The interveners are both represented by barristers. An intervener means a person who is not a party to a case but is an organisation (whether a government department or non-governmental organisation) which has been given permission by the courts to make submissions in a case where the matter to be decided is one of general public importance. The courts will grant such permission if they consider that the intervener has particular knowledge which will assist the court in understanding the relevant issues raised. However the interveners are not parties to the proceedings. Answering the questions on this case accurately requires case-reading, research and drafting skills.

It tests your ability to explain how judges reason their decisions. These questions are intended to enable you to show that you can identify and explain the key issues and principles considered by a judgment and to enable you to demonstrate your research skills and understanding of the English Legal System. You will be able to answer many of the questions from the judgment of the Supreme Court ([2011] UKSC 3) in this case. Some of the questions will require further research to enable you to answer them. You must cite any other sources you use by using the OSCOLA referencing system.

You will lose marks if you do not do so. Your answers to the questions should be in your own words. Do not simply cut and paste large sections of the judgments. If you quote or summarise any parts of the judgments, you must cite the relevant paragraphs using the OSCOLA referencing system. You will lose marks if you do not do so. You do not have to repeat the wording of the questions in your answers but you must clearly indicate which questions you are answering by labelling them appropriately, eg 1), 2), 3), 4) etc.

ASSESSMENT 2 – QUESTIONS 1) In the Supreme Court, who was: a) the appellant? b) the respondent?

2) In relation to the appeal to the Supreme Court identify the barristers acting for a) the appellant. b) the respondent.

3) What was the legal issue to be decided by the Supreme Court in this case?

4) Mrs Yemshaw had applied to Hounslow London Borough Council for housing assistance on the ground that she was homeless for the purposes of Part VII of the Housing Act 1996. With reference to the relevant law, explain why Hounslow London Borough Council decided Mrs Yemshaw was not homeless on the facts of her situation.

5) In paragraph [1] of the Supreme Court’s judgment, Lady Hale refers to the decision of the Court of Appeal in this case. She states that the Court of Appeal decided as it did “as it was bound to do so by the earlier case of Danesh v Kensington and Chelsea Royal London Borough Council …”. In the context of judicial precedent, explain why the Court of Appeal was bound.

6) In paragraph [2] of the Supreme Court judgment, Lady Hale refers to the 1977 Act being “consolidated”. In the context of legislation, explain what consolidation means.

7) There are numerous references in the Supreme Court’s judgment to the Law Commission. Briefly explain what the Law Commission is and its function.

8) In paragraph [41] of the Supreme Court judgment, Lord Rodger refers back to comments made by Lord Scarman in another case where Lord Scarman discussed “the mischief” at which a section of an Act was aimed. Explain what is meant by “mischief” in the context of the interpretation of a statute.

9) Summarise the factors influencing Lady Hale’s view of the meaning of the word “violence” as set out in paragraphs [19] to [24].

10) Explain how Lady Hale and Lord Rodger used a purposive approach to reach their decisions.

11) What was the decision of the Supreme Court in this case and what was the effect of the Supreme Court’s decision on the appellant and upon the respondent?

12) What was the effect of the decision of the Supreme Court in this case on the decision of the Court of Appeal in this case? What was the effect of the decision of the Supreme Court in this case on the Court of Appeal’s decision in Danesh?

 

What income statement line item includes the stock based

What income statement line item includes the stock based

What income statement line item includes the stock based

Finance

Exhibit 6.16 includes a footnote excerpt from the annual report of The Coca-Cola Company for Year 4. The beverage company offers stock options to key employees under plans approved by stockholders.

Required

Review Exhibit 6.16 and answer the following questions.

a. Coca-Cola reports both pretax and after-tax stock-based compensation in its notes to the financial statements. What is the tax savings for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4 that Coca-Cola generates from the stock-based compensation provided to its employees? Speculate on what income statement line item includes this tax savings as well as what income statement line item includes the stock-based compensation expense. (The income statement is not provided in this problem.)

b. The average option price per share and market price per share at time of grant is equal each year ($44.69 for Year 2, $49.67 for Year 3, and $41.63 for Year 4). Discuss why Coca-Cola structured the stock option grants this way each year.

c. What are the likely reasons that the fair value of options granted per share increased from Year 2 to Year 3 and then decreased from Year 3 to Year 4?

d. Coca-Cola does not report the market price of its stock at the time employees exercised options (3 million in Year 2, 4 million in Year 3, and 5 million in Year 4), but in each year the end-of-year market price is substantially higher than the average option exercise price reported in Exhibit 6.16 ($31.09 for Year 2, $26.96 for Year 3, and $35.54 for Year 4). Discuss why Coca-Cola is willing to sell shares of its stock to employees at a price (option exercise price) much lower than the firm could obtain for shares sold on the market (market price at time of exercise).

e. Coca-Cola employs the Black-Scholes valuation model for valuing stock option grants. Speculate on the directional effects of the key assumptions made in applying the Black-Scholes options pricing model. That is, which assumptions will result in a higher fair value for stock options and which will result in a lower fair value? Why?

Estimate the extracellular fluid volume

Estimate the extracellular fluid volume

Estimate the extracellular fluid volume

Biology

Two (2) liters of a hypotonic 0.5% NaCl solution is infused into the extracellular fluid compartment of a 40 Kg dog with initial plasma osmolarity = 300 milliosmoles/liter. After equilibration, what will the extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume, and plasma osmolarity be? Molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5

The metropolis health system has a system wide training

The metropolis health system has a system wide training

 

The metropolis health system has a system wide training

Finance

Analying Mixed Costs

The Metropolis Health System has a system wide training course for nurses aides. The course requires a packet of material that MHS calls the training pack. Due to turnover and because the course is system-wide,there is a monthly demand for new packs. In addition, the local community college also obtains the training packs used in their credits courses from MHS. The educatiòn coordinator needs to know how much of the cost is fixed and how much of the cost is variable for these trainìng packs. She decides to use the high-low method of computation.

 

Critical analysis paper for business law

Critical analysis paper for business law

 

Critical analysis paper for business law

Finance

Critical Analysis paper for Business Law

Describe an example of a contract that you or someone you know entered into (e.g., rental agreement, cell phone agreement, property purchase or lease [e.g., car, home, furniture, etc.], home or car repair, or student loan agreement). In your description, be sure to provide specific contractual details including parties and subject matter involved. You must also address the following:

Define the five essential elements of an enforceable contract, and demonstrate how each element relates to your example.
Explain the circumstances of a breach of contract in your example, and discuss possible remedies.

What is the best method to detect fraud

What is the best method to detect fraud

What is the best method to detect fraud

Finance

Financial Investigation: Internet Assignment:The following article is related to deterring employee fraud within organizations and answers some related questions.

After reading the case, answer the following questions: Read the article the following article: Wells, J. T. (2004, December). Small business, big losses. Journal of Accountancy, 198(6), 42-47.

Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Article:Small Business, Big Losses. .Authors:Wells, Joseph T.1,2 :Journal of Accountancy. Dec2004, Vol. 198 Issue 6, p42-47. 6p. 11 Charts. .Document Type:Article.Subject Terms:*FRAUD *SMALL business *FINANCIAL statements *ACCOUNTING *AUDITING.NAICS/Industry Codes:541219 Other Accounting Services.Abstract:

This article summarizes some of the key findings of certified fraud examiners in cases that were investigated by the 2004 Report to the Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse.

The report from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, caused over $761 million in total losses, with a disproportionate percentage committed against small businesses–almost half of the frauds in the study took place in businesses with fewer than 100 employees. Not surprisingly such businesses are less likely to be audited or employ anti-fraud measures than the larger firms. Several conclusions can be drawn from the 2004 report.

First, though the losses have been stable over the years, the fact that in one year alone they are approaching $660 billion is a cause for concern.

Second, although large financial statement frauds receive the most attention, they are relatively uncommon compared to asset misappropriations and corru ption.

Third, small businesses remain the most vulnerable to occupational fraud because of three factors: they are the least likely to have an audit, a hotline or adequate internal controls. Fourth, audits–both internal and external–although excellent prevention devices are not the most effective means of detecting frauds. Fifth, hotlines and other reporting mechanisms are a vital part of any organization’s prevention efforts but should go beyond employees to vendors and customers, too.

Finally, occupational fraud cannot be eliminated but organizations that use both hotlines and auditors can greatly reduce these costly crimes. Occupational fraud schemes can be as simple as pilferage of company supplies or as complex as sophisticated financial statement frauds.

1. According to Mr. Wells, how do you measure the cost of occupational fraud?

2. Explain the three major categories of occupational fraud.

3. According to Mr. Wells, what is the best method to detect fraud? 4.What types of companies are hit the hardest by occupational fraud?