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Mutational event to the frameshift mutant

Mutational event to the frameshift mutant

 

Mutational event to the frameshift mutant

Biology

Some amino acids are post-translationally removed from the C-terminal end of the b-lactamase enzyme from B. imaginarium (i.e. – after translation and release from the ribosome, a protease chews off a few amino acids). The purified wildtype enzyme is 327 amino acids in length and the sequence of its C-terminal amino acids is shown below aligned with the C-terminal amino acids found in a mutant strain of B. imaginarium, which contains of a frameshift mutation that abolishes processing if its C-terminus. This frameshift mutant was caused by insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide. Use this information to answer the questions below.

AA# 327

wild-type: Ser Asn Ala Lys Asp Trp

mutant: Ser Asn Ala Ile Arg Leu Asp Trp Gln Met Lys

A. What was the mutational event that gave rise to the frameshift mutant? Determine precisely where the single nucleotide insertion or deletion occurred in the b-lactamase coding sequences.

B. What is the length of the wildtype enzyme prior to processing (how many amino acids)?

C. Deduce, as far as possible, the actual sequence of the C-terminus of the wild-type enzyme prior to processing.

 

What relationship to the allele for yellow seeds

What relationship to the allele for yellow seeds

What relationship to the allele for yellow seeds

Biology

Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6022 yellow and 2001 green (8023 total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow seeds?

dominant
incomplete dominant
codominant

summarize the podcast you have selected

summarize the podcast you have selected

 

Briefly summarize the podcast you have selected

Biology

Discussion: “Cells and Cancer and Mitosis and Meiosis”

Please respond to one of the following three bulleted items.

• Listen to one of the following podcasts listed below:

o NPR Podcast: Can healthy eating reverse some cancers? – http://www.npr.org/2015/07/31/426842528/can-healthy-eating-reverse-some-cancers

o Dana Farber Podcast: Sugar and Cancer. – http://blog.dana-farber.org/itunes/cancer_and_nutrition/nutrition_and_cancer-sugar.mp3

o Briefly summarize the podcast you have selected then discuss whether or not you believe that dieting can reverse cancer or if dieting impacts your risk of cancer. Justify your response.

• Name two similarities and two differences between mitosis and meiosis I and II. Next state three benefits of genetic variation which result from meiosis. Which benefit do you believe is most significant? Justify your response.

• Read the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology article entitled, “Mitosis at a Glance” which is found here. Next summarize three major points made in the article then define the term cancer in your own words. Lastly, describe what occurs when there are problems during mitosis then provide an example of a disease that results from abnormal mitosis.

 

What is the genotypic ratio expected

What is the genotypic ratio expected

What is the genotypic ratio expected
> Biology
1. Based on the parents’ genotypes, what is the genotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross between the two parents for the trait?

2. Based on the genotypic ratio from question 1, what is the expected probability of each genotype?

5. How close did your actual results come to your expected results? What caused the difference?

6. What fraction of actual BB, Bb, bb did you record? How close is it to the expected ration Mendel predicted?

7. Based on the parents’ genotypes, what is the phenotypic ratio expected from a dihybrid cross between the two parents for these traits?

8. Toss all 4 coins together 50 times and keep a tally sheet while doing so. How many tally’s for each genotype did you get?

9. Determine the actual probability in percent, that each genotype occurred.

10. How close did your actual results come to your expected results?

11. What fraction of actual phenotypes did you record, i.e. how many widows peak and smooth chin, no widows peak and cleft chin, etc? How close is it to the expected ration Mendel predicted?

3.

Toss the coins together 50 times and keep a tally sheet while doing so. They can only turn up as BB, Bb, or bb. Remember: each coin represents each parent and each toss can only turn up one way, therefore, a parent can give only one gene of a pair. How many tally’s for each genotype did you get?

BB – 13
Bb – 27
bb – 10

Draw the pedigree that shows the familial relationships

Draw the pedigree that shows the familial relationships

 

Draw the pedigree that shows the familial relationships

Biology

Question: Joseph and Jenny have come to a genetic counselor to determine their chances of having a child with myotonic dystrophy, a degenerative muscular disorder that appears at about 50 years of age and is inherited with the autosomal dominant allele D. The autosomal recessive allele d does not contribute to the development of the disease. Both Joseph and Jenny are in their thirties and neither shows any signs of the disease at present. Jenny’s grandmother (her father’s mother) has the disease. Jenny’s grandmother’s father (Jenny’s great-grandfather) did not have the disease. There is no history of myotonic dystrophy in Joseph’s family or in Jenny’s mother’s or paternal grandfather’s family.
Question: Draw the pedigree that shows the familial relationships described in the paragraph above. Use a circle to denote a woman, a square to denote a man and a filled symbol to show individuals who have myotonic dystrophy. In this pedigree, you are attempting to trace the inheritance of the D allele. Beneath each symbol, show the genotype of each individual as far as it is known. You may use blanks to indicate that part of the genotype is unknown, if applicable.
Question: What is the probability that Jenny is a carrier of the D allele?
Question: What is the probability that Joseph and Jenny will have a child with myotonic dystrophy?
Question: Out of 3 children born to Joseph and Jenny, what is the probability that 1 will have myotonic dystrophy?
Question: Out of 5 children born to Joseph and Jenny, what is the probability that at least one will have myotonic dystrophy?

What products formed when nitroglycerin undergoes hydrolysis

What products formed when nitroglycerin undergoes hydrolysis

What products formed when nitroglycerin undergoes hydrolysis

Biology
1.What toxic substance that has a lethal dose of 2,000 to 5,000 ppm to laboratory animals has been detected in smoke from polymeric fires? __________.

Which of the following statements about polymer decomposition and combustion is INCORRECT?
The surfaces of some polymeric products tend to char as they burn.
Burning polymeric products are only capable of releasing minimal heat.
Burning polymeric products can evolve voluminous amounts of smoke, carbon monoxide, other hazardous gases, vapor, and fumes.
Polymers frequently undergo thermal degradation into simpler chemical substances

A substance that is added to a polymerization tank to prevent or reduce the speed of autopolymerization is called 1) __________. One specific chemical that is used for this purpose is 2) __________.

The substance produced by the condensation of a glycol and an organic di¬isocyanate is called __________.

Question 1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding cyclonite?

Cyclonite is sometimes encountered as Composition C-4, in which it is mixed with a gummy binder and hand-molded into a puttylike shape for use as a plastic explosive.
Cyclonite can be desensitized by mixing it with beeswax.
Cyclonite is prepared from hexamethylenetetramine, sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate, and acetic anhydride.
Cyclonite is a possible human carcinogen.

Question 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding regulatory agencies that have some responsibilities in minimizing risks associated with radioactive materials in the United States?

OSHA establishes radiation exposure limits to protect public health.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency establishes radiation exposure levels to protect public health.
The U.S. Department of Energy oversees the construction and operation of nuclear waste disposal sites.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates the private nuclear energy industry.

Question 3. When emergency responders suspect that a package may contain an explosive, which of these actions should they NOT do?

Try to identify the material first and call for backup.
Use robotic means to transfer the material into a total-containment device.
Take the material to an isolated location where it can be further examined or destroyed.
Let only specially-trained personnel handle the material.

Question 4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding a radiological dirty bomb?

The detonation of a radiological dirty bomb will not increase the background radiation to which the entire human population is exposed for a substantial time.
The detonation of a radiological dirty bomb could not produce the immediate mass casualties that are associated with the detonation of nuclear weapons.
The radiological dirty bomb can be detonated with the use of a timer or a cell phone.
The radiological dirty bomb may be charged with a biological or chemical warfare agent.

Question 5. Mercury fulminate is synonymous with:

a commercial name for the explosive whose chemical name is cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, or hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.
a commercial explosive whose proper chemical name is N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline.
a secondary high explosive whose proper chemical name is cyclotetramethylenetetra-nitramine.
the primary explosive mercury(II) cyanate, a substance whose chemical formula is Hg(CNO)2.

Question 6. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) over an 8-hr workday for trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin are 1) __________ mg/m3 and 2) __________ mg/m3, respectively. Which of these explosives is more toxic? 3) __________.

Question 7. List two acute radiation effects caused by single-dose exposure to 3.0 Gy of radiation: 1) __________ and 2) __________.

Question 8. Potassium-42 is a radioisotope that nutritionists use to determine whether the body is effectively using potassium at the cellular level. The half-life of potassium-42 is 12.4 hours. Assuming that a patient’s cells assimilate all the potassium chloride tagged with potassium-42, approximately what percentage of the dose remains in 2.1 days? __________ .

Question 9. What are the products formed when nitroglycerin undergoes hydrolysis? 1) __________ and 2) __________.

Question 10. During the winter months, when the exchange of indoor and outdoor air is limited, 0.00002 mCi of radon is identified on average in each liter of air within a home. What is the World Health Organization’s (WHO) action guideline in pCi/L for protection against acquiring cancer from exposure to radon? 1) __________ Does this concentration exceed the WHO’s action guideline? 2) __________.

Question 11. Selenium-75 is used in medicine to assist in diagnosing pancreatic cancer and decays solely by electron capture. The product of its decay is __________.

Question 12. 1) __________ is a method used to compare the relative effectiveness of different explosives to accomplish a specific task. The detonation of 2.0 kg of tetryl has the same explosive power as 2) __________ pounds of TNT.

Analyze the primary features of the American national government.

Analyze the primary features of the American national government.

History

Analyze the primary features of the American national government.

Analyze the primary features of the American national government. The results of your analysis will indicate what you have learned over the last five weeks. In order to accomplish this task, it is important to critically evaluate the key facets of our American democracy.

You have been preparing for this final assignment each week by constructing a detailed outline of the Final Paper’s main points through the weekly Learning Activities. In addition, you have read the course text and course readings, reviewed videos, and researched additional material for each week’s assignments and for this paper. This week, you will put all of those outlines, readings, reviews, and research together into a one summative paper.

As we wrap up our course, reflect back on what you have learned about the key structures, systems, roles, and processes that embody our national government. Focus on the strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages, and positive and negative impacts of these aspects of our democracy. Use what you have learned so far to evaluate our national government and recommend ways to enhance what works and repair what is not working well. It is important to understand that this paper is not simply a cut and paste of your four Learning Activities. While the research you have completed can serve as a strong base it is important that you implement any comments from the instructor, as well as further expand on the material. Appropriate transitions and headings are needed to ensure a cohesive paper.

Construct a six-page paper based on the detailed outlines that you created over the last four weeks. It is important to utilize APA headings (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. major sections of your paper in order to ensure that the paper is easy to follow. A model POL201 Final Paper Guide is provided for you to download and utilize when completing your Final Paper.

Scaffold your paper around the following outline:

Title page (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Introduction (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (half page)
Describe the paper’s overall thesis.
Provide an overview of main points.
The Constitution (1 to 1.5 pages) (Week One)
Describe one strength and one weakness of the U.S. Constitution.
Recommend one option to maintain the strength and one to correct the weakness.
Federalism (1 to 1.5 pages) (Week Two)
Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of a national policy that must be implemented by one agency of the federal bureaucracy.
Recommend one option to maintain the advantage and one to improve the disadvantage.
Branches of Government (1 to 1.5 pages) (Week Three)
Describe one strength and one weakness of one branch of our government: Executive, Legislative, or Judiciary.
Recommend one option to maintain the strength and one to correct the weakness.
Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Elections (1-1.5 pages) (Week 4)
Describe one positive impact and one negative impact of one of the following: political parties, interest groups, or federal elections.
Recommend one option to accentuate the positive impact and one to lessen the negative impact.
Conclusion (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Review your main points.
Review your overall thesis.
References page (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
The America’s Democracy: Your Report Card paper

Must be at least six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least eight scholarly sources in addition to the course text. A minimum of six of the resources must be from peer-reviewed scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library