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Explain origins of reform and secularism in middle east

choose one of the following topics for your final essay. I expect that you will find most of your information in the assignments in the units for this course – the books, the modules and their links and online readings. You may well have written about one or another aspect of these topics for the units by the time you work on this final project – and you may feel free to reuse ideas that you have already used in this course. It there is something in addition to this information that you wish to include in your essay, and it cannot be found in the assignments, you should feel free to look elsewhere. For any other sources used, I want you to cite them carefully so that I could find the location of your information. As I’ve said earlier in the course, though, much of the information on the internet, and indeed in Wikipedia in its various language versions, is potentially unreliable, since there is no real “vetting” of that information by scholars. I would expect that the final essay should be several times’ longer than the weekly assignments have been – it is worth many more points!

1. A comparison of some of the Islamic states that we have studied this semester (Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal empires) with that of the earliest Islamic “state”, that in Medina (begun by Muhammad, and continued and expanded by the “rightly-guided” Caliphs). Please choose three states to compare with the Medinan state: either Umayyad or Abbasid, and then 2 of Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal. Please keep in mind that that first state in Medina is usually considered by Muslim leaders even today (including radical Islamists like ISIS as the “model” state, the equivalent of the state of the “founding fathers” of Islam. Rather than giving only a general comparison, I want you to focus on 2 or 3 ingredients of those states – for example, economy, political system, treatment of members of other religions, rural and urban society. These are just meant to be examples.

2. A discussion of the origins of reform and secularism in the Middle East – looking at the readings for the last two units to begin with, but also earlier movements and governmental policies. Did the rulers of the three great 16th and 17th century Islamic empires also reform their regimes (that is, give new form to political and ideological systems that they inherited from the earlier states)? Some have argued that the Ottomans, at least from the time of Suleyman the Magnificant, and perhaps earlier, were contantly reforming, modernizing their systems – especially in the economic realm. For the Mughals, I think, some argue that they were returning to the views of Muhammad and the “Rightly-Guided Caliphs” on the treatment of non-Muslims – given the fact that they faced the same challenges – ruling as a Muslim minority in the midst of a large majority non-Muslim population. These are just examples. Please find your own.

3. An assessment of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals that might have been made by Muhammad and/or the “Rightly-Guided Caliphs” – of course this requires some imagination on your part. Remember that Muhammad himself had not made preparations for a transfer of authority on his death – and probably did not have any idea of “Caliphs”. Yet those of you who have paid close attention to the details of Islamic “terrorism”, particularly of Osama bin Laden and his movement, will remember that Osama viewed the Ottoman caliphate (which was finally shut down by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1924 in the process of his creation of the Turkish Republic) as the legitimate form of government for Muslims – and promised to reestablish that universal Islamic government if given the chance. And the radical Islamists today in Syria and Iraq, ISIS, claim to be establishing a new Caliphate to include all Muslims throughout the world.

Discuss causes-motivatioins-justifications of colonization

Discuss the causes, motivatioins and justifications of colonization. what were the three methods used to colonize africa and, what impacts did those methods have? also what impacts did colonization have in asia.

Changing nature of war and conflict

IICS 648: The Changing Nature of War and Conflict

Essay 1: How has technology revolutionized warfare throughout the last century

Your essay contains some fascinating insights and astute observations and it is clear to me that you have indeed tried to get your head around the nature of war and the role played by technology. That’s good. You have read widely and carefully and tried to make sense of the authors’ sometimes competing arguments.

Your real problem is that you don’t provide enough EVIDENCE. Put simply, you don’t have anywhere enough citations. At graduate level you need to reference every major point, which means you should probably have around one reference for every hundred or so words.

To add a citation, use a superscript number at the end of the sentence you are referencing. MS Word will do this for you. Then, at the bottom of the page (for footnotes) OR at the end of the essay (for endnotes), place the citation in this format:

J. Hayward, War in History (Washington, DC: White Cloud Press, 1978), pp. 78-81.

That is: author, title (in italics), place of publication, publisher, date, page number(s).

Your central argument is strong and well constructed. You have arranged your key points in a logical sequence and built a sophisticated and interesting argument that actually convinced me of its correctness. You write well. Your easy and intelligent choice of words and your compactness of expression really do impress me. You make a few punctuation and grammatical errors. I didn’t bother identifying them, but I encourage you to proof-read carefully.

So for the next essay remember to reference every major point. Your grade will be even better if you attend to this critical issue.

Discuss about the jacksonian democracy

1. “Historians often use the term ‘Jacksonian Democracy’ when referring to the years from 1824 to 1848, because the ‘Common Man’ attained a higher degree of political significance than ever before. As President, Jackson made the spoils system a standard policy in government, became identified as the champion of Indian removal, and led in killing the Second Bank of the United States.” Explain these three events, including: a definition/description of each; how/why they are associated with Jackson and are considered “democracy in action” (i.e. the “will of the common man”); and their consequences. Be sure to answer each part of the question carefully and use specific information from the lectures to support your answer [for example, do not explain every detail of the Bank War, just the sections that are relevant].

2.”Jacksonian Democracy is difficult to define, but clearly it meant mass participation in politics and modern electoral techniques in campaigning for the presidency. Although this is most evident by Jackson in the Election of 1828, even the Whig Party adopted the Jacksonian Democrats’ campaign methods in 1840. In fact, these new electoral techniques also help explain why Henry Clay lost three different presidential elections.” Explain each of these statements separately. Give specific examples to support your answer.

· The copy will be run through turnitin.com, a program to verify the paper is not plagiarized; so, be sure to paraphrase (i.e. write entire essay in your own words and do not copy verbatim from the notes or any other sources).

· Write in full sentences and paragraphs in an essay format. Do not use bullet/numbered points to separate sections of essay questions. Pay attention to organization, paragraphing, sentence structure, spelling, and punctuation. Although this is not an English class, the mechanics of your paper will count for approximately 25 percent of the grade (put another way, no matter how good the information is in a paper, the grade will not be a B if it is poorly constructed and written).

Expanding islam world and post-roman western

Compare and contrast the social, cultural, political, and economic practices of the expanding Islam world and post-Roman Western Europe during the early stages of the post-classical era. Why does Islam rise to become the most significant empire of the period, while Western Europe stagnates?

Compare perspectives on the development of various cultures

Essay

The essay is about music history, which need 3-4 pages long, and inculde below 2 topics, basic words, and imitate chinese student writing style.

Objective #1

Students will understand economic, political, and social legacies of imperialism and colonialism, with reference to linguistic or cultural diversity, for societies, groups, and individuals. Many of the purveyors of Jazz are African American. The curriculum utilizes significant periods in American history as it relates to the evolution of the African American experience. The example of imperialism and colonialism is directly reflected by the evolution of Jazz as a musical experience. The curriculum focuses on the social and cuLtural impact of Jazz as it relates to the African American experience and integration into a traditional Western tradition.

Objective #2

Students will be able to compare historical perspectives on the development of various cultures. Jazz historically transcends the social norm and is characterized by a wide variety of societies, ethnicities, and economic backgrounds. The experience is reflected in Jazz as a social, political, and cultural commentary as well as a musical art form.

Describe process of political and cultural centralization

Describe the process of the political and cultural centralization of China during the Qin and early Han Dynasties. What were the consequences for the elite classes and for the common people of China?

Write an essay on two dimensional art print and photography

Two Dimensional Art: Print, Photography, and Graphic Design

For this assignment, you will search information from the Internet and write an essay paper discussing an art print, using a method discussed in your text, that you would use to decorate your own bedroom. In your paper, be sure to compare and contrast at least three different types of art prints and artists from your text, and explain the reasons for your selection.

Instructions:

Use any search engine to find information – Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask, or Dogpile are all good

Type in the subject you would like to research

Look for reputable source such as museums, libraries, and web addresses ending in “edu”

Be sure to use correct grammar and spelling, provide specific examples, and include concepts from the text readings.

Your paper should be 750 words, follow the APA or MLA format prescribed by your instructor (double-space, 12 pt. font, etc.) and include a Reference page listing all of your sources, including the textbook. Any paper without references will have an automatic 10-point deduction.

Comparing the native relations

As both England and France solidified their colonial empires, contact with the natives was inevitable. However, each group treated natives differently. Compare and contrast the native relations of each group. Which group created a strong alliance with natives and why?

Is sexual preference a constitutionally protected right

1. Explain how the discussion over gays in the military in part stems from the constitutional tension between Congress’s power to organize the military and the president’s role as Commander-in- chief.

2. Is sexual preference a constitutionally protected right?

3. Do you believe that it is important that the military reflect the value of the society that it is defending?