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Describe receptive fields in the retina

Retinal vision A. Discuss the molecular mechanisms on how a photoreceptor relays a signal to the bipolar cells B. Explain receptive fields in the retina and how they are relayed to the brain. C. What is dark and light adaptation? Central vision A. Describe the circuitry that allows us to have binocular vision. Make sure you include the proper neuronal layer in the striate cortex. B. Explain the organization of ocular dominance columns and how scientists learned about them. C. Explain the differences among the parvocellular, magnocellular, and koniocellular pathways.

Purpose of teaching motivation skills to managers

What is the purpose of teaching motivation skills to managers? Should managers learn these skills so they can help employees reach their potential? Or are we teaching these skills to managers so they can more effectively manipulate their employees’ behavior? What do you think?

Evaluate quality of evidence for evolutionary interpretation

Deviations from the environment to which we are adapted have been used to explain a large variety of conditions, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the persistent crying known as colic, lower back pain, drug addiction, and depression. Consult the scientific literature for details on one such condition and then evaluate the quality of evidence for an evolutionary interpretation of the condition.

Write a short essay about birth control pill

Write a short essay about birth control pill.

Write an essay on the pre-determined questions listed below. Reading link(s) that provide background information for question have been provided. Do not limit your reading to the links provided. You will find it helpful to read other related material to answer the question. Answering a question will require that you provide objective, biologically based information in addition to your subjective views. All subjective viewpoints are welcome. However, keep in mind that there is no place for inflammatory language in this forum. Make sure to use good grammar, introduction, conclusion and clearly organize your thoughts. For your essay double-spaced, use a 12-point font with one-inch margins and do not exceed two pages (single-sided).

Question: Generally, describe how female birth control pills work. In your opinion should access to birth control pills be increased or decreased? What risks are associated with the use of birth control pills and how do these risks compare to those associated with pregnancy? Explain.

http://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/contraception/birth-control-pills/

Explain the difference between portal and normal veins

1) Descible the processes and forces involved in bulk flow at the capillaries. include an explanation of which direction water/plasma at each end of the capillary bed and why?

2) Explain the difference between portal and normal veins.

3) Explain the relationship among blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance.

Multiple choice questions:

1) which of the following has the most unique control of its blood flow?
a) lungs
b) Heart
c) Skeletal muscle
d) Skin

2) Which of the following has no role in returing blood to the heart via the veins?
a) Blood pressure
b) Muscular pump
c) Respiratory pump
d) All of the above play a sigificant role in returing blood to the heart

3) ……is the rate of blood flow per given mass of the tissue.
a) Blood flow
b) Cardiac output
c) Perfusion
d) Stroke volume

How mutations can be either beneficial or harmful

“DNA and RNA, Genes, Mutations, and Gene Therapies”

Note: Online students, please respond to one of the following four bulleted items.

• Examine three differences between DNA and RNA then explain two main reasons why DNA is the most favorable molecule for genetic material. Next suggest how RNA compares to DNA in regards to genetic material.

• Go to The Guardian website and read the article titled “Mind-control device lets people alter genes in mice through power of thought” found here. Next discuss three main points of the article you found most significant then explain two ways the article you read relates to this week’s lesson. Provide examples of this relation with your response.

• Mutations are the original source of genetic variation. Explain how mutations can be either beneficial or harmful then provide an example for each. Next identify a disease, which is caused by a mutation, and then describe the biological basis of your chosen disease. In your response be sure to note the exact disease causing mutation.

• Briefly describe the biology behind DNA-based Vaccines and Gene Therapy. Next suggest what you believe are the major similarities and differences between these two therapies. Which do you believe is the best option? Justify your response.

Explain the cre or lox system

Provided the rising rates of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in the U.S. and other industrialized nations, you are interested in studying the importance of cholesterol transport in the sodium re-absorptive pathways in the kidney that are important for blood pressure control. One way to study this pathway is to use a mouse model in which an important transporter for cholesterol is “knocked out.”
Standard gene targeting methods to “knock out” the cholesterol transporter, Abca1, create mice with several severe developmental abnormalities including glomerulonephritis, a kidney defect that would confound the study of other renal processes in this model. For this reason, you decided to make a tissue specific knockout mouse where Abca1 is only “knocked out” in your cell type of interest, the renal collecting duct principal cell. Luckily, you discover a commercially available, floxed Abca1 transgenic mouse model and a Cre-recombinase expressing mouse with the Cre gene downstream of the promoter for the water channel that is expressed in collecting duct principal cells (Aqp2).
Questions:
1) Describe the Cre/Lox system used to generate tissue-specific knockout mice.
2) Reading about the Aqp2-Cre mouse model, you discover that the Aqp2 promoter also causes Cre expression in the vas deferens and testes of male mice. Since these tissues also express Abca1, you desire to avoid mating Aqp2-Cre males as they are infertile. Design a breeding scheme (hint: use Punnett squares) that will produce Aqp2-Cre and floxed Abca1 mice without breeding Aqp2-Cre expressing male mice. (Remember the Cre recombinase gene only needs to be present on one chromosome to function.)
What are the ratios of different genotypes that this breeding scheme will produce?
3) In question 2 above, which genotypes would serve as your controls for future experiments? Why?

Explain the significance of the f2 ratios

Explain the significance of the F2 ratios Mendel obtained: why are all the ratios close to 3:1? Choose one of the traits he examined and show a Punnett square of the F2 generations to illustrate your answer.

Discuss nuer kindship and marriage

Anthropology!!

Discuss Nuer kindship and marriage and its implication for how we think of kinship. What beliefs, practices, and relationship formed the ties between fathers and their wives and children in the 1930s? What kinds of power relations operated within Nuer kinship in the 1930s and 40s when anthropologists first visited them?

Purpose of maintaining homeostasis and equilibrium

Organisms have evolved anatomically to adapt. Pick any organism (any living thing) you like and explain how their organ(s) and/or organ system(s) evolved to maximize their purpose of maintaining homeostasis and equilibrium. Evolve means to change over a period of time. It would be helpful to understand the meaning of homeostasis and equilibrium before beginning to prepare your answer.