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Urbanization is the process

Effects of Urbanization

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Urbanization is the process through which large groups of people become permanently concentrated in small areas which translate into cities. Urbanization played a critical role in improving the working, middle and elite classes of people in American society during the nineteenth century. Urbanization occurred owing to many reasons. The emergence of new technologies led to increased industrialization which led to increased demand for workers. With powerful machinery and electricity came the need for workers to live close to factories as they had to work 12-hour shifts since factories now run all day, (7) seven days a week. While the work was dangerous, it offered lower wages in industrial labor. The explosion of urban population growth brought employment opportunities that attracted people to city life. Eventually, cities adopted a unique character based on the industry that spurred its growth for instance, in New York, it was garments, Pittsburg steel, and Chicago meatpacking. Regardless of its benefits, urbanization also caused universal problems relating to communication, transportation and housing, and living conditions. The issues were deeply rooted in class inequalities, disrupted by corrupt politics, and shaped by ethnic strife, racial divisions, and religious differences.

Social classes in American society changed in the use and scope after urbanization occurred. Problems such as crime, pollution, disease, and congestion became prevalent and the norm for city dwellers and living conditions were atrocious. Houses were crowded and cramped with poor ventilation and substandard sanitization and plumbing. Diseases such as cholera and typhoid were rampant leading to loss of life warranting the introduction of sewage systems for effective waste management. Civic organizations and churches gave relief to help address the problems that working-class city dwellers were encountering. With time, the organizations also began giving community services to the urban poor. Additionally, secular spheres began showing support by giving additional relief. They developed settlement houses in urban cities to help the working class and mainly women find aid. The movements offered services including evening classes, child daycare, gym facilities, libraries, and free healthcare. Notably, the movement spread to other cities where they gave relief not only to working-class women but also helped them secure employment opportunities. This helped empower and bridge the gap between the poor, working, and elite classes by bridging the poverty gap.

Old comedy known through

Differences between Old Comedy and New Comedy

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Old comedy known through the works of Aristophanes represents the initial phase of the ancient Greek comedy. It began after the contest was initiated in 486 BC at Dionysia city and ended when Aristophanes wrote his last play in 388 BC. There are about 25 known authors of this phase. The structure of old comedy was in five sections namely, prologue, parados, agon, parabasis, and episodes. On the other hand, new comedy began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and ended in 260 BC. It is best compared to the comedy of manner and situation comedy. New comedy provided a mildly satiric outlook of contemporary Athenian society. This essay demonstrates how new comedy differs from old comedy in which Aristophanes wrote. Further, it uses How I met your Mother, a current television sitcom to explain the difference.

Old comedy is characterized by the high-spirited and exuberant satire of affairs and public persons. The plays were composed of dance, song, buffoonery, and personal invective and also included sections on outspoken philosophical topics and political criticism. During Aristophanes’ time, old comedy began to shit. Ordinary human beings took the role of the most heroic characters. Heroes and Gods played the role of buffoons. Additionally, the actors put on masks and had padding back and front. The costumes also included giant phalluses. Noteworthy, Aristophanes employed the use of cranes and ekkylkema, also known as platforms. At times Aristophanes would make up long, compound and complicated words such as cloudcuckooland where appropriate (Reckford, 2017). Old comedy plays that consisted of loosely related episodes were first performed for a religious festival in Athens. Gradually, old comedy adopted a six-part structure as opposed to the previous five structures.

On the other hand, New Comedy which came after old comedy was filled with characters of all manners. New comedy employed satire in its domestic and familiar aspects. Unlike Old comedy which made parodies about public figures and events, New Comedy featured average and fictional citizens and did not have heroic and supernatural overtones. New comedy deals with conventionalized situations of thwarted lovers. Further, it had stock characters such as the wily merchant, cunning slave, cruel father, and boastful soldier. Although new comedy does not depict contemporary life, it is an accurate reflection of the disillusioned spirit. An example of a modern-day sitcom that falls under this category is How I Met your Mother. The series revolves around Ted who narrates to his daughter and son how he met their mother in the year 2030. The narrative also involves his circle of best friends including eccentric womanizer Barney, news anchor robin, and long-lasting couple Marshal and Lily. The script explores several storylines including a love triangle between Barney, Ted, and Robin and Marshall and Lily’s relationship through the use of flashbacks from the future. In essence, How I Met Your Mother is about the day-to-day world and did not employ political criticism just like the New Comedy did in 323 BC.

Old comedy was a satire of public persons and events while new comedy provided a mildly satiric outlook of contemporary Athenian society. Old comedy had five sections on outspoken philosophical topics and political criticism. New Comedy featured average and fictional citizens and did not have heroic and supernatural overtones. It dealt with conventionalized situations of thwarted lovers. How I Met Your Mother is an example of a new comedy and is about the day-to-day world and did not employ political criticism.

References

Reckford, K. J. (2017). Aristophanes’ Old-and-New Comedy: Volume I: Six Essays in Perspective. UNC Press Books.

Oakland police department

Oakland police department

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Escalation of crime in various parts of the world has made it necessary to form law enforcement agencies to check the rate of the rise in crime. In the United States of America many states have formed different security agencies to ensure the security of not only the people living within the states but also the visitors. Some of the security agencies belong to the state while others are community based. The paper will look at the Oakland police department.

Research method and design

The town of Oakland found in the State of California in the United States of America was founded in the year 1852. It is a port town on the west and one of the busiest port towns. My research will focus on the Oakland police department the number of employees, both sworn and Civilian, Accreditation, recruitment, and the jurisdiction of the department. So as to carry out the research I had to make use of the Departments official website.

The police department of Oakland is situated at 455 7th St Oakland, CA 94607. It is currently being headed by the interim chief of police Sean Whent. The police department was founded by the Oakland Housing Department so as to help maintain law and order within the housing estates in Oakland. The department currently has about 790 sworn police officers It has a further 350 civilian employees who help in the smooth running of the department (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

The Oakland police department was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies or the (C.A.L.E.A.) in March, 1999. It was reaccredited also in the years 2002, 2005 and the year 2008. The Oakland police department is responsible for the safety of about 401,000 residents and also the numerous tourists who visit Oakland. The area of jurisdiction of the Oakland police department is about 163,693 square miles, of this residential areas takes up about 40% and the business areas covers the remaining 60 %. The police department has special people that are mainly policed which are the small children and the youth. (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

In the quest to maintain law and order the police department of Oakland conducts regular recruitments. Persons interested in joining the Oakland police department can call 1-888-OPD-JOBS. One can also visit the recruitment office situated close to the city hall at 250 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite D, Oakland, CA 94612. There are some mandatory tests that a person willing to join the Oakland police force has to pass before being enlisted, this include passing the POST mandated exams. Due to the demanding nature of the job, any person willing to join the force must be physically fit, one has to be able to run 1.5 miles within 14: 36, to do28 push-ups 28 non stop, and lastly do 35 sit-ups within a minute (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

So as to maintain the physical fitness of the recruits after graduation, the Oakland has some in-service refresher courses to help keep the officers in top notch shape. The refresher courses takes up to 24 hours every year, they include Physical techniques of handling violent suspects, firearm handling which includes operation of various firearms, and police vehicle operation (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

The Oakland police Department is a community policing agency, thus most of its operations (about 90 %) involves the local community. To promote security within the community the police department has put in place various strategies such as foot patrols which is a bit cumbersome to the police officers but very efficient in fighting crime. Assignment is issued depending on ranks; junior officers are assigned specific areas or zones, while the senior officer such as the sergeant covers a district. One unique name used by the officers to refer to the bay area is the Gate. The other strategy is encouragement of neighbors to know one another this is done through organisation of an event known as the “NATIONAL NIGHT OUT”. The event involves neighbors coming out and having a block party or any social event, in so doing the neighbors are able to familiarize with one another (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

Oakland is also attracts many tourists’, some of the major attractions in Oakland include the, Peralta Hacienda Historical Park on 2465 34th Ave, the Paramount theatre 2025 Broadway. Others include, the African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Children’s Fairyland, Dunsmuir-Hellman Historic Estate, Jack London Square Aquatic Center, and The Gardens at Lake Merritt among many others (http://www.oaklandnet.com).

Findings

The Oakland police Department has evolved very much from community base policing agency to an internationally recognized police agency. The agency has problems getting new recruits because many people are not willing to join the force. At times the department has recruited people but ended up sacking them due to lack of enough funds.

Discussion and conclusion

Even though the department has difficulties like many police agencies in the United States it has done a commendable in fighting crime in the whole of Oakland. The Oakland police department is one of the best among the best in the United States of America.

Reference

http://www.oaklandnet.com

Nursing Philosophy

Nursing Philosophy

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Table of Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Nursing Philosophy PAGEREF _Toc317409700 h 3Introduction PAGEREF _Toc317409701 h 3Reason (s) For Choosing the Nursing Profession PAGEREF _Toc317409702 h 3Belief about the Core of Nursing PAGEREF _Toc317409703 h 3Belief about the Human Nature of Individuals (Man) PAGEREF _Toc317409704 h 3Belief about the Responsibilities of Nursing to Society PAGEREF _Toc317409705 h 3Role Education Has In the Nursing Profession PAGEREF _Toc317409706 h 4Belief of Responsibility and Accountability to Patient, Family and the Profession PAGEREF _Toc317409707 h 4Vision of Self as a Nurse and Career Projections of 5 Years and 10 Years from Now PAGEREF _Toc317409708 h 4

Nursing PhilosophyIntroductionReason (s) For Choosing the Nursing ProfessionThe nursing profession has been my preferred profession for as long as I can recall. My inspiration originated from my father. He is a physician (OB-GYN) and consequently, I grew up visiting the hospital with him as he would make rounds in the hospital or deliver babies. On numerous occasions, I would take a seat at the nurses’ station and simply observe their every move. As an individual, I am a compassionate personality, and always keen to provide care for people in need. 

Belief about the Core of Nursing The facets of my nursing philosophy and belief value system include knowledge, compassion/caring, time management, advocacy, honesty, respect, as well as patient privacy. Nursing is a profession one strategically selects to assist and care for other people.

Belief about the Human Nature of Individuals (Man)In regard to human nature of individuals, I believe that nurses’ beliefs concerning human nature of individuals would influence their interactions with patients. Health promotion ought to be approached from the perspective of the individual or humanity as a whole.

Belief about the Responsibilities of Nursing to Society         There is a need to consider the health issues that patients’ experience. The most important causes of diseases are usually lifestyle choices. There is a need to focus on wellness of the populace, rather than being treatment focused as a health care system. This brings about the issue of education in order to minimize the amount of patients who experience these conditions or illnesses.  

Role Education Has In the Nursing Profession           Knowledge is the foundation of success in this profession. As a nurse one should know the diseases as well as disease processes. A nurse ought to be able to affect classroom knowledge and proficiency to the work place so as to be effectual as a nurse. I believe that appliance of knowledge is more important than merely passing exams. As a first-class nurse, one ought to be able to reflect holistically, continuously anticipating the patient’s needs. As a first-class nurse, one ought to able to prioritize health-care issues within the patient’s individual diagnosis.

Belief of Responsibility and Accountability to Patient, Family and the Profession          My personal belief system has been to be a caring and compassionate individual. In the nursing career, one requires having an overwhelming degree of care and compassion for patients, in addition to their families. A nurse ought to realize that, they should care for the physical health of the patient, as well as their emotional needs.  In regard to chronically sick patients, or palliative care, there are numerous, intricate emotional issues that require be recognizing and dealing with by the health-care professional. 

Vision of Self as a Nurse and Career Projections of 5 Years and 10 Years from NowAs a successful nurse, I anticipate having gathered ample experience working in the intensive care/critical care setting. I also anticipate being close to attaining my masters, five years from now. In the following duration of ten years, I anticipate having achieved my masters and working in the nursing profession as an acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP) or an advanced practice nurse (APN). In conclusion, I will endeavor to adhere and maintain to my nursing philosophy all through my career. Nursing, is a well-respected, self-fulfilling and rewarding career.   

Nurse’s Role in Global Health

Nurse’s Role in Global Health

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Nurse’s Role in Global Health

Nurses play a significant role in promoting global health care because they are at the center of patient care. Nurses can contribute to global health by providing individualized care to their patients at the community level. For instance, with the advancement of technology, health care services are being provided using the internet. Telehealth has become common where doctors attend to patients over phone calls, skype, text, and email. In this case, nurses can support telehealth by providing individualized care to patients after they consult with doctors. If a patient requires an insulin shot, have their bandages changed, or any other care, nurses can work with doctors to provide follow-up with patients. Nurses can also play the role of educating and sensitizing the masses about health. They can take the initiative and hold community training with women on first aid and diet and nutrition for lactating mothers. This way, they contribute to people’s personal health and community health by extension. Nurses can also provide maternal and newborn education to expectant women, which can help curb incidental and accidental causes of death during bath, seeing that intrapartum and premature birth-related complications account for a majority of newborn deaths. Additionally, nurses can take it upon themselves to talk about human trafficking, which is another rife global problem of the 21st century. They can make a difference by sensitizing people about how human traffickers recruit and lure victims using commercial sex, jobs and monetary rewards. This will keep the community alert enough to keep watch on their children and report any suspicious cases they see.

New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

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New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has a mandate of recording readmission frequency rates and, also the power to record the resources utilization to physicians as well as to the hospitals. At first, the CMS used to work publicly precisely dealing with the hospital-level readmission ratios with were agreed and put in the Hospital Compare Website in the year 2009 (Robbins 2017, p.361). The hospital reduction re-admission actions are carried out for both quality strategy and also to enable reduction of the cost curve in the health care dealing with patients with congested heart failure.

An excellent strategy to tackling the hospital re-admission within thirty days will diminish the damage that results from providing heart health services and treatments. These damages are customarily incurred when there is uncontrolled readmission of congested heart failure patients within the thirty days in the hospital. This approach will promote the quality of services provision and good working condition for the health officers. Also, it will encourage eradication of penalties that the hospital face in line for with deviating from the governing health rules.

The best strategy to recommend is the introduction of a Heart Failure programme (HF) that will be of benefit to the hospital and the patients. It will involve acquiring the advanced practice nurse (APN) that will be responsible for the operation of this programme. Also, the Heart Failure Program includes the Out Patient extension that ensures the patients adhere to the real heart health away from the hospital, reducing congestion of patients in the hospital (Van Walraven et al., 2011). Critical multidisciplinary information on essential educative points will need to be offered to the patients while also there will often be telemonitoring to check on the level of HF reimbursement.

Less acute ill heart patients that require the readmission will stay on a short period in the hospital reducing the cost to be incurred. Also, it will assist in reducing the population of the patients in the hospital. The APN will assess all patients in the hospital and also support the discharged patients with some literature to carry home for their benefit as the patients’ questions which are of more concern to the patients will be addressed (Billings et al., 2012). Furthermore, the APN will collaborate with the physicians to improve on treating the patients; this program will also involve the dietary consultation enhancing the health of the heart failure patients.

References

Billings, J., Blunt, I., Steventon, A., Georghiou, T., Lewis, G., & Bardsley, M. (2012). Development of a predictive model to identify inpatients at risk of re-admission within 30 days of discharge (PARR-30). BMJ Open, 2(4), e001667.

Rennke, S., Nguyen, O. K., Shoeb, M. H., Magan, Y., Wachter, R. M., & Ranji, S. R. (2013). Hospital-initiated transitional care interventions as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 158(5_Part_2), 433-440.

Robbins, K. C. (2017). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Nephrology Nursing Journal, 44(4), 361-362.

Never Cry Wolf, Nature And Human Values

Never Cry Wolf, Nature And Human Values

Farley, Mowat’s “Never cry wolf” is a book based on the research of the lifestyle of wolves in the Arctic Circle. Mowat uses his experience to educate the society of the social ills conducted by the hunters towards the wolves. The book displays the risk that the wolf pack families face due to the human activities in the area. The title of the book acts as a symbol in reference to the story of the boy who cried wolf. The book thus enables the reader to think beyond the tile so as to form opinion of the author’s message. The book challenges the human communities who are in charge of the nature around them. Humans tend to overstep their authority by infringing on the rights of the wolves. The analysis of the book educates the society of the inhumane activities that humans are inflicting on the animals.

Different passages from the book Interpretation of the passage and meaning

I was born and grew up in the farm and never knew what is was to have all I wanted or needed as a teenager in the late 20s The author talks of his life as a child. He was exposed to animals at an early stage in life due to his parent’s lifestyle. This is a contributing factor to his love for animals.

That night the inevitable happened. We were awakened by the most frightful uproar. It seemed to consist of furious barking of a dozen dogs mingled with the roaring of the menagerie of lions The passage elaborates the intensity of the nature that surrounds him. The conflict between the dogs and the lions displays the fight for power amongst the animals.

Then there were the birds. That spring Angus had bought me a field guide and with its help I identified forty species that were new to me The author’s exposure to different bird species enabled him to identify with the different lifestyles that they had. Angus developed a love for all forms of wildlife which in turn made him aware of the plight that the animals had.

My most cherished images of the mountain country were not of the forbidding peaks but of the animals The author admits that he has a special place for the animals. The country has a number of natural resources that are fascinating to any visitor. Amongst all these features, he places priority on animals making them his favorite pastime.

Although I would now commit such atrocities against some of the most beautiful creatures extant, I cannot honestly censor the boy who was for what he did then The author admits that his actions are reflective to that of other men. His treatment of the animals is not desirable initially. He learns how to appreciate all sorts of animals making him an advocate for their livelihood.

“The wolf is a savage, powerful killer. It is one of the most feared and hated animals known to man and with excellent reason.” Chapter 6, pg. 60.The passage showcases the dangers that the wolf portrays. Human beings often misinterpret the actions of the wolf due to its dangerous nature. Despite the fact that the wolf continues to become extinct, it poses a threat to the human beings who live next to the packs. This makes the world undesirable by man.

“Evidence obtained by various Government agencies from hunters, trappers and traders seemed to prove that the plunge of the caribou toward extinction was primarily…

The intervention by the government saw the danger that the wolves are exposed to. Human activities were mostly responsible for these dynamics making them the number on culprits. This also displayed possible extinction of the breed of wolves if authorities continued to ignore the circumstances.

“I had made my decision that, from this hour onward, I would go open-minded into the lupine world and lean to see and know the wolves, not for what they were supposed to be, but for what they actually are.” Chapter 7, pg. 77.Morwat made a personal decision to protect the wildlife from the outside environment. One of the steps he takes is orienting himself with the lives of the wolves. This involves learning about the exact nature of the wolves instead of forming an assumption about them. This in turn will help remove the ignorance that he had so as to improve society’s awareness of the wolves.

In conclusion, human beings are responsible for the surrounding environment. This involves observing the safety of all animals in and outside the wild. This is however not the case in that the number of wild animals continues to diminish due to the human activity. The wolves are one of the animals that continue to face the wrath of human beings. The analysis of the book is thus ideal for the education of the public. This in turn will improve the existing relationship between man and nature.

NASW guidelines and codes of ethics

NASW guidelines and codes of ethics

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Introduction

On 22nd January, 2018, a Iowa State social worker/therapist was arrested by Bettendorf police for sexually assaulting one of her client. Aracely Schutters aged 45 years was charged with felony for sexually exploiting one of her clients. According to an affidavit obtained by the New York Daily News, Aracely Schutters was employed by The Compass which is a center for disabilities and development based in Bettendorf when she committed the felony. (Elizalde, 2018) If found guilty of the charges level against her, she could face imprisonment for a period of up to 5 years since she violated the code of ethics governing her work as a social worker/therapist. In her biography which was published in the Compass website, Schutters has been practicing social worker for over 15 years and was thus explicitly aware of the code of ethics regulating her work. (Elizalde, 2018)

Aracely Schutters is alleged to have committed the crime on December 4, 2017 in her residence at 2900 block of Dundee Lane. It is alleged that she had invited one of her adult clients to her home via a text message to discuss previous issues that her client was dealing with. According to the affidavit, the incidence happened at around 9pm on the night of 4th December, 2017. (Elizalde, 2018) Aracely Schutters had been the client’s therapist for over a year and a half but the two had never met outside of her work station at The Compass. She invited the client to sit into her hot tub and proceeded to serve her alcoholic beverages. Despite being in a professional relationship with the client, Schutters engaged the client in touching and unwanted kissing which is contrary to the NASW codes of ethics prohibiting any sexual contact between the therapist and the client whether it is consensual or forced. (Corcoran & Roberts, 2015) Schutters later admitted engaging the client in unwanted kissing after the victim reported the crime to the Bettendorf police 2 days after the incidence. The therapist later tried to apologize to the client for her lack of professionalism through a series of text messages and calls. (Elizalde, 2018)

As a practicing social worker/therapists, Schutters was definitely aware of NASW code of conduct that governed her work. The NASW code of ethics exists to ensure that social workers uphold professionalism and competence when handling clients. (Corcoran et al, 2015) The code also offers a framework and guide for dealing with ethical issues that might arise in the handling of clients. Social workers and other human services workers must uphold certain values and standards when offering services to persons in need and place the client’s interests above their own personal interests and. They should also interact with their clients in a respectful and caring manner with special regards to the client’s needs. (Corcoran et al, 2015) Schutters violated the above values when she made sexual advances towards her client.

NASW ethical standards

The NASW code of ethics prohibits any sexual relationship between the social worker/therapist and the client. Professional boundaries must be maintained at all stages of the social worker-client relationship to safeguard the client against exploitation and harm. (Corcoran et al, 2015) Physical contact between the social worker and the client is also prohibited and should such contact occur, it’s the responsibility of the person offering the services to ensure that it’s not misinterpreted by the client by ensuring clear professional boundaries are set and adhered to both. (Brandell, 2010) Sexual favors, sexual harassment, request for sex from clients, sexual advances and any other conduct which is sexual in nature is prohibited in the NASW code of ethics. (Corcoran et al, 2015) In her relationship with the client, Schutters violated all of the above code and regulations when she subjected the client to unwanted kissing and touching. Schutters did not set clear professional boundaries and tried to turn a professional relationship into an intimate interaction despite being aware of the code and regulations governing her work. Schutters knew that what she was doing was contrary to professional ethics and regulations and tried to end the relationship despite after subjecting the client to psychological harm. She is quoted telling the client that what she was doing was wrong and thus couldn’t offer her services anymore. (Elizalde, 2018) This is according to an affidavit obtained by the New York Daily News.

The State of Iowa has enacted strict guidelines prohibiting any form sexual advances from a therapist to a client and such a crime is punishable by law. (Solotoff & Kramer, 2017) Schutters’ lack of professionalism and integrity were evident when she disregarded the client’s needs and tried to manipulate her client to fulfill her own selfish needs. In this case, she not only violated the NASW code of ethics but also the Iowa State legal guidelines. (Elizalde, 2018)

Schutters’ preliminary hearing is scheduled for 2nd February, 2018 and despite being released after posting a five thousand dollars bond, she could still face jail time if convicted of the felony charges filed by the complainant. (Elizalde, 2018) However, the compromising situation she found herself in could be avoided if she had adhered to all the NASW code of ethics. The code provides clear framework for referral of clients to fellow colleagues when conflict of interest occurs during practice. (Corcoran et al, 2015) The social worker is bound to be objective when handling clients and should any conflict of interest occur, consultation with other colleagues is advised and ultimately referral if the therapist feels that they will not be of any positive impact to the client’s life. Schutters should have terminated the relationship and referred the client because she was not in a good position to offer help.

Schutters also put herself in a compromising situation by inviting the client to her house and welcoming them to sit into her hot tub despite conducting previous sessions in her work station. She then proceeded to serve the client alcoholic drinks in total disregard of professional boundaries. (Elizalde, 2018) The client was vulnerable and that’s why she sought the help of Schutters but she received more psychological harm since the therapist acted unprofessionally and jeopardized her interests.

Conclusion

Ethical standards are crucial for all human services workers to ensure clients are safeguarded from harm. The sole reasons these standards exist are to promote the client’s best interest and to ensure they receive quality services. (Corcoran et al, 2015) None of the NASW codes is inferior or superior over the other and practitioners are bound to adhere to all regulations so as to ensure professionalism. The codes in the NASW guidelines do not necessarily prescribe a mode of behavior but rather sets forward certain values, principles and ethical standards which must be followed by all social workers and other therapists to ensure a code of professionalism in the handling of clients. Violation of any values and/or standards results in unethical practice and legal proceedings may be initiated in a court of law by the victim. (Corcoran et al, 2015)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brandell, J. R. (2010). Theory & Practice in Clinical Social Work (2nd ed.). California: SAGE Publications.

Corcoran, K., & Roberts, A. R. (2015). Social Workers’ Desk Reference (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Elizalde, E. (2018, January 23). New York daily news. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/iowa-therapist-accused-sexually-exploiting-patient-hot-tub-article-1.3775302

Solotoff, L., & Kramer, H. S. (2017). Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in the Work Place (reprint ed.). New York: Law Journal Press.

NASW Code of Ethics Response

NASW Code of Ethics Response

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NASW Code of Ethics Response

The NASW Code of Ethics comprises a set of standards that dictate how social workers should execute their mandate. It sets the values, standards, and principles that guide social workers’ behavior. Worth noting, the NASW code of ethics applies to all relevant practicing social workers and students irrespective of the populations they serve, professional functions, and settings they serve. One of modern society’s most common social problems has to do with drug abuse. Drug abuse affects people of all ages in society however, young people tend to be more affected than other populations (Karch, 2019). Some of the most obvious effects of drug abuse include ill health and untimely death.

While working with people battling drug abuse, social workers should possess the core values of empathy and active listening to help address the problem. Without a doubt, successful social workers should be empathetic towards their clients to help them solve the problem. An empathetical social worker will easily identify with their clients’ situation (Barsky, 2017). They should be in a position to put themselves in their client’s shoes for a better understanding of what they are experiencing. A good social worker is not quick to judge their client, but rather they should try and understand their client’s point of view so that they can come up with the best strategy for treatment. Active listening is also a critical value that social workers should possess. In order for the worker to understand the extent of the problem and help identify a remedy, they should listen actively to their clients. They should speak less and give their clients ample time to speak and listen attentively for important detail so as to retain as much information as possible. This way, they will be best placed to figure out how best to help their clients overcome their addiction problems.

The ethical standards from the NASW code of ethics that are likely to pose a challenge in addressing the problem of drug abuse are competence and maintaining the dignity or worth of a person. In addressing drug abuse in society, competence can become an ethical issue when the social worker handling the client is not qualified. It is a requirement that all social workers must hold graduate or undergraduate degrees in social work. They should also have fair training and knowledge from experience. This is critical in avoiding misrepresentation of skills and incompetence. However, if, for one reason or another, the social worker is untrained and lacks enough experience in dealing with drug abusers, it might result in an ethical case because of incompetence. Additionally, the social worker must be mindful of cultural diversity and treat their clients with the respect and dignity they deserve. Social workers should know they have a duty to their clients and help them solve their problems. The social worker should strive to eliminate all factors that threaten the dignity of their clients. Competence and not respecting the clients’ dignity are most likely to be the ethical challenges in this case as they are likely to interfere with the recovery process and can lead to possible termination of the relationship.

An ethical gray area is an obscure situation or dilemma that cannot be resolved easily by applying ethical standards. In most cases, gray areas are not usually adequately addressed by the ethical provisions of a given organization (Lang-Anttila, 2017). An example of a gray area in incompetence is if the social worker is practicing without the necessary training and educational background. This can be a gray area, especially if they have the necessary documentation to back their educational background, yet they did not attend college in the real sense. In some cases, people obtain fraudulent degrees making it impossible to successfully practice social work. This can get in the way of a client getting better. To successfully handle such a matter, institutions should conduct thorough background research and criticize all documentation for ensuring that only qualified professionals practice social science. An example of a gray area in regard to maintaining a client’s dignity and worth is when a social worker is forced to disclose that a certain patient is having a drug problem. This can be to their client’s supervisor or colleague. This would be an ethical violation as it would interfere with the image and diminish their client’s image. According to the NASW code of ethics, dignity is key and such details should only be given when requested by the court. To address this issue, the social worker should abide by the rules of social work and only disclose such details when mandated by the courts.

My ethical values are relatively similar to the NASW code of ethics. As a human being, I believe that human beings should serve each other and what they can to make the world a better place. Like with the NASW code of ethics, I highly value integrity, competence, and social justice. I also believe that honesty is a key foundation of all human relationships, as is with the social work profession. Similarly, I believe that in all we do, we must strive to treat every person with the dignity and worth they deserve because, afterall, we are all equals.

In Texas, there is a possession law for controlled substances such as cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy. Under Texas statutes, any drug possession convictions lead to a 6-month driver’s license suspension. Worth noting, depending on the amount of drug in one’s possession, the penalty often ranges from first-degree felony to third degree. The gravest penalty for drug possession is 99 years in prison or life or up to a fine of $250,000. Worth noting, the Texas social work license board database does not include information on recommendations arising from the ethical dilemmas in the NASW code of ethics.

References

Barsky, A. (2017). Ethics alive! The 2017 NASW code of ethics. What’s new. Retrieved June 13, 2018.

Karch, S. B. (Ed.). (2019). Drug abuse handbook. CRC press.

Lang-Anttila, M. (2017). Ethical Dilemmas for Social Workers Utilizing NASW Code of Ethics in Rural K-12 Public Schools.

Nuclear Power Plants

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Nuclear Power Plants

The term a nuclear plant in the simplest and most basic sense refers to the a thermal power station which has a centrally placed nuclear reactor for the purpose of generating heat, electricity and energy by extension. The initial and original plan of the plants was to generate energy since using fuel to do the same grew expensive relative to the nuclear plants. Over the years however, nations with the plants have diversified their use of the nuclear plants to skew them to nuclear weapons. It is needless to stress and mention the dangers that nuclear weapon pose to the human race. This essay will thus discuss in details and principles, the advantages and disadvantages relative to banning of all nuclear plants worldwide.

To begin with, there is a school of thought which stipulates that nuclear plants ought not to be banned because of the outright benefits that it presents to the world. Firstly, is the aspect of security and safety of a nuclear plant? If under any circumstances or issue, there is a mechanical fault of whichever sought and the effects and the dangers that such an eventuality would pose are dire. It would take approximately forty thousand for the world to fully recover from the effects of the nuclear materials proliferating the environment (Chiras, 9). This is to say that it would take four time human life or the world to overcome the negative effects. This logic stems from the fact that nuclear energy has so far radiated the earth, killed more people than any other lethal substance on earth. Thus, there is benefit of keeping the nuclear power plants with full knowledge of the extremities that may accrue under such an eventuality.

A practical case and instance is under during the World War when the full effects of nuclear energy or weapon was directed towards Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Up until this present day and age, subsequent generations are still reeling from the negative effects that were posed by the bombing of the places. Thus, it is counter-productive to leave such huge amount of power and authority under influence of human beings because when things go wrong such as during times of war, there would be o guarantee that a nation would not use them.

Similarly, there is no guarantee that the plants would be safe under the control and management of human beings. An error, technical mistake, natural disaster or any unforeseen and unexpected human calamity may be devastating. It is imperative and important to and record that if there is any accident either a natural disaster such as an earthquake and then the plants explode, the effects would be counted in terms of number of human lives lost. Thus, the prospects of cheaper energy is in no way worth risking the lives of human beings, which would be affected by radiation. On the contrary it would be better if the states and nations invested in alternative safer modes and means of power plants and energy sources.

Subsequently, there are prospects and chances that human error may occur because of the technical and mechanical aspects that are involved. Naturally, there ought to be proper means and ways of correcting a human error in any circumstance without involving loss of life or loss of any sort within the global and human spectrum. This logic does not however hold as far as nuclear plants, reactors and energy is concerned (Rosenthal, 6). Whenever there is a mishap of whichever sort, the costs and causalities of the breakdown (of the nuclear plant), would be measured by environmental and human life loss. A case in point is the Fukushima incident which is still fresh in the memories of the world. Thus, nuclear plants ought to be banned because all the benefits that it may offer and present to the world do not in any way compare to the effects it would have on humanity.

On the contrary, there is a school for thought and proponents who support nuclear plants because of the seemingly number of benefits that it presents to the globe and world at large. This is because the reactors give and offer cheap and reliable, green and environmentally friendly source of energy (Wood, 17). In retrospect, it seems as if one would ask the rhetorical question on what is the rationale of banning such an incentive when the benefits are outright. This is to compare with the expensive and pollutant energy in the name of fossils which pollute the environment. The underlying aspect and principle is that nuclear plants and energy by extension does not pollute the environment in any case.

Subsequently, the fossil oils are getting depleted or are running out thus, the world would stand disadvantaged because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Thus it is not logical or rationale to ban the only alternative that is safer and cheaper because of the perceived dangers. Comparatively, more lives have been lost in fossil fuel plants since time immemorial relative to power plants. Thus if safety measures are taken, there would be no need to worry in this respect and aspect.

Works Cited

Chiras, Daniel D. Environmental Science. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2013. Print.

Rosenthal, Elvis. Advances in Nuclear Power. New Delhi: World Technologies, 2011. Internet resource.

Wood, J. Nuclear Power. London: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2007. Internet resource