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New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

New Approach on Hospital Re-admissions

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has a mandate of recording readmission frequency rates and, also the power to record the resources utilization to physicians as well as to the hospitals. At first, the CMS used to work publicly precisely dealing with the hospital-level readmission ratios with were agreed and put in the Hospital Compare Website in the year 2009 (Robbins 2017, p.361). The hospital reduction re-admission actions are carried out for both quality strategy and also to enable reduction of the cost curve in the health care dealing with patients with congested heart failure.

An excellent strategy to tackling the hospital re-admission within thirty days will diminish the damage that results from providing heart health services and treatments. These damages are customarily incurred when there is uncontrolled readmission of congested heart failure patients within the thirty days in the hospital. This approach will promote the quality of services provision and good working condition for the health officers. Also, it will encourage eradication of penalties that the hospital face in line for with deviating from the governing health rules.

The best strategy to recommend is the introduction of a Heart Failure programme (HF) that will be of benefit to the hospital and the patients. It will involve acquiring the advanced practice nurse (APN) that will be responsible for the operation of this programme. Also, the Heart Failure Program includes the Out Patient extension that ensures the patients adhere to the real heart health away from the hospital, reducing congestion of patients in the hospital (Van Walraven et al., 2011). Critical multidisciplinary information on essential educative points will need to be offered to the patients while also there will often be telemonitoring to check on the level of HF reimbursement.

Less acute ill heart patients that require the readmission will stay on a short period in the hospital reducing the cost to be incurred. Also, it will assist in reducing the population of the patients in the hospital. The APN will assess all patients in the hospital and also support the discharged patients with some literature to carry home for their benefit as the patients’ questions which are of more concern to the patients will be addressed (Billings et al., 2012). Furthermore, the APN will collaborate with the physicians to improve on treating the patients; this program will also involve the dietary consultation enhancing the health of the heart failure patients.

References

Billings, J., Blunt, I., Steventon, A., Georghiou, T., Lewis, G., & Bardsley, M. (2012). Development of a predictive model to identify inpatients at risk of re-admission within 30 days of discharge (PARR-30). BMJ Open, 2(4), e001667.

Rennke, S., Nguyen, O. K., Shoeb, M. H., Magan, Y., Wachter, R. M., & Ranji, S. R. (2013). Hospital-initiated transitional care interventions as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 158(5_Part_2), 433-440.

Robbins, K. C. (2017). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Nephrology Nursing Journal, 44(4), 361-362.

Never Cry Wolf, Nature And Human Values

Never Cry Wolf, Nature And Human Values

Farley, Mowat’s “Never cry wolf” is a book based on the research of the lifestyle of wolves in the Arctic Circle. Mowat uses his experience to educate the society of the social ills conducted by the hunters towards the wolves. The book displays the risk that the wolf pack families face due to the human activities in the area. The title of the book acts as a symbol in reference to the story of the boy who cried wolf. The book thus enables the reader to think beyond the tile so as to form opinion of the author’s message. The book challenges the human communities who are in charge of the nature around them. Humans tend to overstep their authority by infringing on the rights of the wolves. The analysis of the book educates the society of the inhumane activities that humans are inflicting on the animals.

Different passages from the book Interpretation of the passage and meaning

I was born and grew up in the farm and never knew what is was to have all I wanted or needed as a teenager in the late 20s The author talks of his life as a child. He was exposed to animals at an early stage in life due to his parent’s lifestyle. This is a contributing factor to his love for animals.

That night the inevitable happened. We were awakened by the most frightful uproar. It seemed to consist of furious barking of a dozen dogs mingled with the roaring of the menagerie of lions The passage elaborates the intensity of the nature that surrounds him. The conflict between the dogs and the lions displays the fight for power amongst the animals.

Then there were the birds. That spring Angus had bought me a field guide and with its help I identified forty species that were new to me The author’s exposure to different bird species enabled him to identify with the different lifestyles that they had. Angus developed a love for all forms of wildlife which in turn made him aware of the plight that the animals had.

My most cherished images of the mountain country were not of the forbidding peaks but of the animals The author admits that he has a special place for the animals. The country has a number of natural resources that are fascinating to any visitor. Amongst all these features, he places priority on animals making them his favorite pastime.

Although I would now commit such atrocities against some of the most beautiful creatures extant, I cannot honestly censor the boy who was for what he did then The author admits that his actions are reflective to that of other men. His treatment of the animals is not desirable initially. He learns how to appreciate all sorts of animals making him an advocate for their livelihood.

“The wolf is a savage, powerful killer. It is one of the most feared and hated animals known to man and with excellent reason.” Chapter 6, pg. 60.The passage showcases the dangers that the wolf portrays. Human beings often misinterpret the actions of the wolf due to its dangerous nature. Despite the fact that the wolf continues to become extinct, it poses a threat to the human beings who live next to the packs. This makes the world undesirable by man.

“Evidence obtained by various Government agencies from hunters, trappers and traders seemed to prove that the plunge of the caribou toward extinction was primarily…

The intervention by the government saw the danger that the wolves are exposed to. Human activities were mostly responsible for these dynamics making them the number on culprits. This also displayed possible extinction of the breed of wolves if authorities continued to ignore the circumstances.

“I had made my decision that, from this hour onward, I would go open-minded into the lupine world and lean to see and know the wolves, not for what they were supposed to be, but for what they actually are.” Chapter 7, pg. 77.Morwat made a personal decision to protect the wildlife from the outside environment. One of the steps he takes is orienting himself with the lives of the wolves. This involves learning about the exact nature of the wolves instead of forming an assumption about them. This in turn will help remove the ignorance that he had so as to improve society’s awareness of the wolves.

In conclusion, human beings are responsible for the surrounding environment. This involves observing the safety of all animals in and outside the wild. This is however not the case in that the number of wild animals continues to diminish due to the human activity. The wolves are one of the animals that continue to face the wrath of human beings. The analysis of the book is thus ideal for the education of the public. This in turn will improve the existing relationship between man and nature.

NASW guidelines and codes of ethics

NASW guidelines and codes of ethics

(Author’s name)

(Institution)

Introduction

On 22nd January, 2018, a Iowa State social worker/therapist was arrested by Bettendorf police for sexually assaulting one of her client. Aracely Schutters aged 45 years was charged with felony for sexually exploiting one of her clients. According to an affidavit obtained by the New York Daily News, Aracely Schutters was employed by The Compass which is a center for disabilities and development based in Bettendorf when she committed the felony. (Elizalde, 2018) If found guilty of the charges level against her, she could face imprisonment for a period of up to 5 years since she violated the code of ethics governing her work as a social worker/therapist. In her biography which was published in the Compass website, Schutters has been practicing social worker for over 15 years and was thus explicitly aware of the code of ethics regulating her work. (Elizalde, 2018)

Aracely Schutters is alleged to have committed the crime on December 4, 2017 in her residence at 2900 block of Dundee Lane. It is alleged that she had invited one of her adult clients to her home via a text message to discuss previous issues that her client was dealing with. According to the affidavit, the incidence happened at around 9pm on the night of 4th December, 2017. (Elizalde, 2018) Aracely Schutters had been the client’s therapist for over a year and a half but the two had never met outside of her work station at The Compass. She invited the client to sit into her hot tub and proceeded to serve her alcoholic beverages. Despite being in a professional relationship with the client, Schutters engaged the client in touching and unwanted kissing which is contrary to the NASW codes of ethics prohibiting any sexual contact between the therapist and the client whether it is consensual or forced. (Corcoran & Roberts, 2015) Schutters later admitted engaging the client in unwanted kissing after the victim reported the crime to the Bettendorf police 2 days after the incidence. The therapist later tried to apologize to the client for her lack of professionalism through a series of text messages and calls. (Elizalde, 2018)

As a practicing social worker/therapists, Schutters was definitely aware of NASW code of conduct that governed her work. The NASW code of ethics exists to ensure that social workers uphold professionalism and competence when handling clients. (Corcoran et al, 2015) The code also offers a framework and guide for dealing with ethical issues that might arise in the handling of clients. Social workers and other human services workers must uphold certain values and standards when offering services to persons in need and place the client’s interests above their own personal interests and. They should also interact with their clients in a respectful and caring manner with special regards to the client’s needs. (Corcoran et al, 2015) Schutters violated the above values when she made sexual advances towards her client.

NASW ethical standards

The NASW code of ethics prohibits any sexual relationship between the social worker/therapist and the client. Professional boundaries must be maintained at all stages of the social worker-client relationship to safeguard the client against exploitation and harm. (Corcoran et al, 2015) Physical contact between the social worker and the client is also prohibited and should such contact occur, it’s the responsibility of the person offering the services to ensure that it’s not misinterpreted by the client by ensuring clear professional boundaries are set and adhered to both. (Brandell, 2010) Sexual favors, sexual harassment, request for sex from clients, sexual advances and any other conduct which is sexual in nature is prohibited in the NASW code of ethics. (Corcoran et al, 2015) In her relationship with the client, Schutters violated all of the above code and regulations when she subjected the client to unwanted kissing and touching. Schutters did not set clear professional boundaries and tried to turn a professional relationship into an intimate interaction despite being aware of the code and regulations governing her work. Schutters knew that what she was doing was contrary to professional ethics and regulations and tried to end the relationship despite after subjecting the client to psychological harm. She is quoted telling the client that what she was doing was wrong and thus couldn’t offer her services anymore. (Elizalde, 2018) This is according to an affidavit obtained by the New York Daily News.

The State of Iowa has enacted strict guidelines prohibiting any form sexual advances from a therapist to a client and such a crime is punishable by law. (Solotoff & Kramer, 2017) Schutters’ lack of professionalism and integrity were evident when she disregarded the client’s needs and tried to manipulate her client to fulfill her own selfish needs. In this case, she not only violated the NASW code of ethics but also the Iowa State legal guidelines. (Elizalde, 2018)

Schutters’ preliminary hearing is scheduled for 2nd February, 2018 and despite being released after posting a five thousand dollars bond, she could still face jail time if convicted of the felony charges filed by the complainant. (Elizalde, 2018) However, the compromising situation she found herself in could be avoided if she had adhered to all the NASW code of ethics. The code provides clear framework for referral of clients to fellow colleagues when conflict of interest occurs during practice. (Corcoran et al, 2015) The social worker is bound to be objective when handling clients and should any conflict of interest occur, consultation with other colleagues is advised and ultimately referral if the therapist feels that they will not be of any positive impact to the client’s life. Schutters should have terminated the relationship and referred the client because she was not in a good position to offer help.

Schutters also put herself in a compromising situation by inviting the client to her house and welcoming them to sit into her hot tub despite conducting previous sessions in her work station. She then proceeded to serve the client alcoholic drinks in total disregard of professional boundaries. (Elizalde, 2018) The client was vulnerable and that’s why she sought the help of Schutters but she received more psychological harm since the therapist acted unprofessionally and jeopardized her interests.

Conclusion

Ethical standards are crucial for all human services workers to ensure clients are safeguarded from harm. The sole reasons these standards exist are to promote the client’s best interest and to ensure they receive quality services. (Corcoran et al, 2015) None of the NASW codes is inferior or superior over the other and practitioners are bound to adhere to all regulations so as to ensure professionalism. The codes in the NASW guidelines do not necessarily prescribe a mode of behavior but rather sets forward certain values, principles and ethical standards which must be followed by all social workers and other therapists to ensure a code of professionalism in the handling of clients. Violation of any values and/or standards results in unethical practice and legal proceedings may be initiated in a court of law by the victim. (Corcoran et al, 2015)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brandell, J. R. (2010). Theory & Practice in Clinical Social Work (2nd ed.). California: SAGE Publications.

Corcoran, K., & Roberts, A. R. (2015). Social Workers’ Desk Reference (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Elizalde, E. (2018, January 23). New York daily news. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/iowa-therapist-accused-sexually-exploiting-patient-hot-tub-article-1.3775302

Solotoff, L., & Kramer, H. S. (2017). Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in the Work Place (reprint ed.). New York: Law Journal Press.

NASW Code of Ethics Response

NASW Code of Ethics Response

Student’s name

Institutional affiliation

NASW Code of Ethics Response

The NASW Code of Ethics comprises a set of standards that dictate how social workers should execute their mandate. It sets the values, standards, and principles that guide social workers’ behavior. Worth noting, the NASW code of ethics applies to all relevant practicing social workers and students irrespective of the populations they serve, professional functions, and settings they serve. One of modern society’s most common social problems has to do with drug abuse. Drug abuse affects people of all ages in society however, young people tend to be more affected than other populations (Karch, 2019). Some of the most obvious effects of drug abuse include ill health and untimely death.

While working with people battling drug abuse, social workers should possess the core values of empathy and active listening to help address the problem. Without a doubt, successful social workers should be empathetic towards their clients to help them solve the problem. An empathetical social worker will easily identify with their clients’ situation (Barsky, 2017). They should be in a position to put themselves in their client’s shoes for a better understanding of what they are experiencing. A good social worker is not quick to judge their client, but rather they should try and understand their client’s point of view so that they can come up with the best strategy for treatment. Active listening is also a critical value that social workers should possess. In order for the worker to understand the extent of the problem and help identify a remedy, they should listen actively to their clients. They should speak less and give their clients ample time to speak and listen attentively for important detail so as to retain as much information as possible. This way, they will be best placed to figure out how best to help their clients overcome their addiction problems.

The ethical standards from the NASW code of ethics that are likely to pose a challenge in addressing the problem of drug abuse are competence and maintaining the dignity or worth of a person. In addressing drug abuse in society, competence can become an ethical issue when the social worker handling the client is not qualified. It is a requirement that all social workers must hold graduate or undergraduate degrees in social work. They should also have fair training and knowledge from experience. This is critical in avoiding misrepresentation of skills and incompetence. However, if, for one reason or another, the social worker is untrained and lacks enough experience in dealing with drug abusers, it might result in an ethical case because of incompetence. Additionally, the social worker must be mindful of cultural diversity and treat their clients with the respect and dignity they deserve. Social workers should know they have a duty to their clients and help them solve their problems. The social worker should strive to eliminate all factors that threaten the dignity of their clients. Competence and not respecting the clients’ dignity are most likely to be the ethical challenges in this case as they are likely to interfere with the recovery process and can lead to possible termination of the relationship.

An ethical gray area is an obscure situation or dilemma that cannot be resolved easily by applying ethical standards. In most cases, gray areas are not usually adequately addressed by the ethical provisions of a given organization (Lang-Anttila, 2017). An example of a gray area in incompetence is if the social worker is practicing without the necessary training and educational background. This can be a gray area, especially if they have the necessary documentation to back their educational background, yet they did not attend college in the real sense. In some cases, people obtain fraudulent degrees making it impossible to successfully practice social work. This can get in the way of a client getting better. To successfully handle such a matter, institutions should conduct thorough background research and criticize all documentation for ensuring that only qualified professionals practice social science. An example of a gray area in regard to maintaining a client’s dignity and worth is when a social worker is forced to disclose that a certain patient is having a drug problem. This can be to their client’s supervisor or colleague. This would be an ethical violation as it would interfere with the image and diminish their client’s image. According to the NASW code of ethics, dignity is key and such details should only be given when requested by the court. To address this issue, the social worker should abide by the rules of social work and only disclose such details when mandated by the courts.

My ethical values are relatively similar to the NASW code of ethics. As a human being, I believe that human beings should serve each other and what they can to make the world a better place. Like with the NASW code of ethics, I highly value integrity, competence, and social justice. I also believe that honesty is a key foundation of all human relationships, as is with the social work profession. Similarly, I believe that in all we do, we must strive to treat every person with the dignity and worth they deserve because, afterall, we are all equals.

In Texas, there is a possession law for controlled substances such as cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy. Under Texas statutes, any drug possession convictions lead to a 6-month driver’s license suspension. Worth noting, depending on the amount of drug in one’s possession, the penalty often ranges from first-degree felony to third degree. The gravest penalty for drug possession is 99 years in prison or life or up to a fine of $250,000. Worth noting, the Texas social work license board database does not include information on recommendations arising from the ethical dilemmas in the NASW code of ethics.

References

Barsky, A. (2017). Ethics alive! The 2017 NASW code of ethics. What’s new. Retrieved June 13, 2018.

Karch, S. B. (Ed.). (2019). Drug abuse handbook. CRC press.

Lang-Anttila, M. (2017). Ethical Dilemmas for Social Workers Utilizing NASW Code of Ethics in Rural K-12 Public Schools.

Nuclear Power Plants

Name

Tutor

SubjectDate

Nuclear Power Plants

The term a nuclear plant in the simplest and most basic sense refers to the a thermal power station which has a centrally placed nuclear reactor for the purpose of generating heat, electricity and energy by extension. The initial and original plan of the plants was to generate energy since using fuel to do the same grew expensive relative to the nuclear plants. Over the years however, nations with the plants have diversified their use of the nuclear plants to skew them to nuclear weapons. It is needless to stress and mention the dangers that nuclear weapon pose to the human race. This essay will thus discuss in details and principles, the advantages and disadvantages relative to banning of all nuclear plants worldwide.

To begin with, there is a school of thought which stipulates that nuclear plants ought not to be banned because of the outright benefits that it presents to the world. Firstly, is the aspect of security and safety of a nuclear plant? If under any circumstances or issue, there is a mechanical fault of whichever sought and the effects and the dangers that such an eventuality would pose are dire. It would take approximately forty thousand for the world to fully recover from the effects of the nuclear materials proliferating the environment (Chiras, 9). This is to say that it would take four time human life or the world to overcome the negative effects. This logic stems from the fact that nuclear energy has so far radiated the earth, killed more people than any other lethal substance on earth. Thus, there is benefit of keeping the nuclear power plants with full knowledge of the extremities that may accrue under such an eventuality.

A practical case and instance is under during the World War when the full effects of nuclear energy or weapon was directed towards Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Up until this present day and age, subsequent generations are still reeling from the negative effects that were posed by the bombing of the places. Thus, it is counter-productive to leave such huge amount of power and authority under influence of human beings because when things go wrong such as during times of war, there would be o guarantee that a nation would not use them.

Similarly, there is no guarantee that the plants would be safe under the control and management of human beings. An error, technical mistake, natural disaster or any unforeseen and unexpected human calamity may be devastating. It is imperative and important to and record that if there is any accident either a natural disaster such as an earthquake and then the plants explode, the effects would be counted in terms of number of human lives lost. Thus, the prospects of cheaper energy is in no way worth risking the lives of human beings, which would be affected by radiation. On the contrary it would be better if the states and nations invested in alternative safer modes and means of power plants and energy sources.

Subsequently, there are prospects and chances that human error may occur because of the technical and mechanical aspects that are involved. Naturally, there ought to be proper means and ways of correcting a human error in any circumstance without involving loss of life or loss of any sort within the global and human spectrum. This logic does not however hold as far as nuclear plants, reactors and energy is concerned (Rosenthal, 6). Whenever there is a mishap of whichever sort, the costs and causalities of the breakdown (of the nuclear plant), would be measured by environmental and human life loss. A case in point is the Fukushima incident which is still fresh in the memories of the world. Thus, nuclear plants ought to be banned because all the benefits that it may offer and present to the world do not in any way compare to the effects it would have on humanity.

On the contrary, there is a school for thought and proponents who support nuclear plants because of the seemingly number of benefits that it presents to the globe and world at large. This is because the reactors give and offer cheap and reliable, green and environmentally friendly source of energy (Wood, 17). In retrospect, it seems as if one would ask the rhetorical question on what is the rationale of banning such an incentive when the benefits are outright. This is to compare with the expensive and pollutant energy in the name of fossils which pollute the environment. The underlying aspect and principle is that nuclear plants and energy by extension does not pollute the environment in any case.

Subsequently, the fossil oils are getting depleted or are running out thus, the world would stand disadvantaged because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Thus it is not logical or rationale to ban the only alternative that is safer and cheaper because of the perceived dangers. Comparatively, more lives have been lost in fossil fuel plants since time immemorial relative to power plants. Thus if safety measures are taken, there would be no need to worry in this respect and aspect.

Works Cited

Chiras, Daniel D. Environmental Science. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2013. Print.

Rosenthal, Elvis. Advances in Nuclear Power. New Delhi: World Technologies, 2011. Internet resource.

Wood, J. Nuclear Power. London: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2007. Internet resource

Internship Reflection

Name:

Course:

Instructor:

Date:

Internship Reflection

The WHAT?

It is another week of my internship program, and the whole experience has been helping me grow as a professional. So far, I have been working on various projects. Within this period, I began coming up with a poster for a project. The project that I conducted was based on Reproductive Justice. As an individual, I believe that humans have a right to decide whether or not to have children. It is also my belief that children should be raised in sustainable communities. The whole idea of creating the poster for this project was to create awareness on reproductive justice. Many people are denied the chance to make decisions concerning their bodies in terms of reproduction. They need to be aware of the fact that they have a choice. To complete the poster, I was required to send people surveys to gather relevant information concerning reproductive justice. The whole process proved challenging since some of the participants in my survey were not able to create time to look at it. As a result, it made it difficult to get data results. Since the people who received the surveys did not look at it, I was delayed in assembling the information required for the first draft of my poster. On the positive note, the people taking part in the survey were willing to still look at it.

The So What?

The internship program has enabled me to grow as a professional in various ways. Through this week’s activities, I have been able to learn the value of pre-planning for actions to avoid failure to meet targets. I have also learned how to interact with people to carry out surveys. For the first draft of the poster for my project, I was not able to gather results on time because people were not able to look at the survey. It might have been the case because most people have busy schedules.

Meanwhile, I have been working on trying to reach each person who was taking part in the survey. The aim was to try to see if they could submit the survey before Wednesday of this coming week. By doing so, I would get a chance to work on the data to be used for my second draft of the poster for the project. If I were to carry out another survey, I would consider doing surveys through interviews. It could be done virtually, and it would give me a chance to gather data immediately without having to follow up on people to complete the survey. It would also enable me to collect more information in a short period.

The NOW WHAT?

Taking part in the project during my internship allowed me to gain individual skills that enable me to handle certain situations. I was able to create a poster based on reproductive justice to create awareness. Despite the various challenges, such as collecting data for my survey, I was able to finish up my drafts for the poster. With the data provided for my poster, I will pick a time and date to conduct my panel. The panel will assist me in finishing the poster, and this will allow me to come up with a conclusion and results for my panel project. This particular experience has allowed me to identify my strengths and weaknesses during the project. It has enabled me to gain insight into the extent to which a poster can prove beneficial in creating awareness. I believe that many people should be aware of the fact that they have a right to reproductive justice. With the posters ready, they can be distributed and posted in different places so that people can see them.

Learning to Lead Management Interview Worksheet

Learning to Lead Management Interview Worksheet

Complete the following table with the interviewee’s contact information:

Information Details

Interviewee’s Name Brenda Johns

Position Title Assistant Manager

Company Name Lindsay Corporation

Company Address Phone Email brendajohns@lindsay.org

Interview Questions

Include the following questions in your interview.

Question Answer

How do you set performance objectives? By setting realistic goals that are specific and achievable by the staff members.

How do you plan your work activities? I plan my work activities by doing a prior writing in my diary of the tasks that I am supposed to accomplish. Then I prioritize the tasks from the most important.

How do you arrange tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work? I assign work to employees depending on their knowledge and skills on the assigned work. I also make sure that my employees are comfortable with the duties assigned. If an employee is not comfortable I assign them other duties.

How would you describe your style of leadership? Liberal. I am always willing to respect and accept opinions that are different from my own.

How do you measure performance goals are being achieved? I set deadlines which help me to monitor and measure work done within a specific timeline. I create worksheets and mark already accomplished goals.

Develop 5 to 10 of your own additional questions. They should relate to how your interviewee plans, organizes, leads, and measures results in their respective department or organization.

Question Answer

How do you handle an employee who is not coopertative? I am a liberal leader who believes in communication. I will talk with the employee and get to know their issue but keep in mind to observe company rules. If we don’t get to the root of the problem I send them to an upper management.

What are your strengths as a leader? Commitment. I am very passionate about what I do so I give it my all.

How do you handle multiple projects due at the same time? I allocate each project a specific time to be accomplished. I work with deadlines.

What is the most important quality of a leader? Assertiveness. Every leader needs to make firm decisions and abide by them so that employees take you seriously.

How do you handle failure as a leader? Failure is part and parcel of life. We are prone to fail at some point. I recognize the fact that I am human so I accept where I have gone wrong and I do my best to learn from the experience and not repeat the same mistake.

Introduction (10)

Latinos and the Criminal Justice Systems

Student’s name

Institutional affiliations

Introduction

People identifying as Latino and Hispanic refer to individuals comprising of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rico, Spanish, or Central and Southern origin irrespective of their race. Latinos comprise the second-largest minority group in the United States. According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, there have been reduced confidence levels in the justice systems. This comes at a time when Latino people are interacting more with the police, prison, and court system. In previous decades, Latinos have become more exposed to criminal justice systems because their population has been continuously rising. The share of Latino inmates in local, state, and federal jails and prisons grew significantly to 20% in 2008 compared to 16% in 2000 (Clair, & Winter, 2016). Worth noting, racism will continue to manifest in the criminal justice system for as long as it exists. The first step in improving Latinos’ experience with the criminal system is to eliminate racial discrimination. Racial discrimination has a way of fuelling overt bias that is evident in the attitude assumptions, language, strategies, conduct, and policies of criminal agencies. The purpose of this essay is to provide an account of how the criminal justice system applies values and beliefs to the Latino population found across the United States. Additionally, the text focuses on the effects of these beliefs on the delivery of services and the continuum of social problems.

Negative Perception and Discrimination by Federal, Local and State Police Departments

There is significant data regarding the experiences of people of color at the hand of the justice system, but there is little documentation regarding the experiences of Latino people with law enforcement. The structure of perceptions and interactions of Latinos with the enforcement of the law helps us understand the police practices and justice laws. People have a bias against Latino people in the United States. People only view them had poor, lazy, uneducated, which clouds the judgment of the administration officers such as the police. Additionally, most people associate Latinos with illegal migration; they are not accepted as citizens despite been born and bred in the U.S. Latino people feel that they are physical appearance puts them at the disadvantage of being stopped by police officers (Hurwitz, Peffley, & Mondak, 2015). This is because the police are constantly profiling them because of the bias they hold against their ethnicity. Moreover, police make little or no effort to communicate with people of Latino origin, particularly if the police officers are not familiar with the Spanish language. Another factor is that when Latinos call for the police in their homes, they show up very late or even end up not showing up at all. In essence, police departments in general, hold prejudice against Latinos. They discriminate against them simply because of their Latino roots.

Discrimination from Fellow Latino Officers, Immigration & Customs Issues

Worth noting, there are reports to indicate that compared to other ethnic groups, Latino people are poorly treated compared to other ethnic groups such as Black and Asian individuals. Many Latinos admit to having a negative experience at the hands of police officers. If not, most of them say that they have family and friends that have experienced discrimination at the hands of the police. It is rather unfortunate that police officers of Latino descent are likely to mistreat their fellow Latinos compared to other police officers. This is because they enjoy looking down on people from their own race that are not educated and lack the necessary papers that can accord them employment and a chance at a better life. What is more daunting is that Latino police officers deliberately avoid using Spanish while speaking to Latinos, although they can hear and speak it well. In essence, Latino police officers make life difficult for their people by refraining from participating in any action that can help their cause. Although they are fully aware that a language barrier exists between them and the police, they refuse to help them at all. Furthermore, Latino people also have a negative perspective on immigration procedures and the entire justice system. They do not trust them with their welfare because they know the systems were not designed to favor them since there is a prejudice. If Latino police improved the way they treat their fellow Latinos, things would improve. By treating them with necessary fairness, professionalism, and respect, the Latino people will change their perspective about the police, and the general justice system would improve.

Impact of Belief on Service Delivery and Continuum of problems

The impact of negative perceptions about Latinos goes beyond the socio-economic consequences. Racial discrimination accords Latinos poor treatment by the police and justice systems. Negative stereotypes limit their access to services, including education, health, and employment. This limits the economic productivity of Latinos because they cannot contribute positively to the country’s gross domestic product. This disproportionately affects the Latino community because they remain poor. This is the reason why Latinos are mostly clustered in blue-collar jobs. Amongst all racial groups, Latinos have a 20% gap in employment between men and women. The Latino found in the U.S. have the lowest educationally attainment at both university education and secondary school diploma (Messing, Becerra, Ward-Lasher, & Androff, 2015). They tend to be more concentrated in clue collar jobs and are more likely to work in maintenance and construction domains, such as construction laborers and agricultural workers. Their women counterparts predominantly work in service sectors such as cleaning, maids, and food preparation. This situation only seems to exacerbate inequalities and poverty for the Latina population. The fact that Latino Americans come from diverse backgrounds, including Asian, African, and European, further makes it hard for them to have their woe identity. These differences in race and nation of origin have been seen to shape and complicate the experiences of Latinos in the United States. It exposes them to domestic and intimate partner violence owing to the dynamics involved in such a relationship. In such a scenario, one party holds power over the other person, whether financial, physical, or judicial where they threaten to have them deported. There are systemic socio, political, and economic factors that affect the lives of the Latino population.

Conclusion

Latino people comprising the largest minority group in the U. S have many origins; some are Asians, others are Black, Spanish, and Mexican, among others. For a long time, Latino have been subject to negative stereotypes. People see them as lazy and poor people who are uneducated. Others see them as illegal immigrants. These negative perceptions have played a role in the way the criminal systems treat Latinos. Latinos are mostly discriminated against by their fellow Latino police. The police refrain from using Spanish to communicate. This is because they like looking down on people that are less educated than themselves. Racial discrimination has a way of fuelling overt bias that is evident in the attitude assumptions, language, strategies, conduct, and policies of criminal agencies. Further, they take a long time to respond to calls by Latino people in their homes. Most Latinos have reported not to trust the immigration and customs practices because they discriminate against them. These negative stereotypes have affected service delivery among Latinos. It excluded them from education and health. This limits their economic productivity, further exposing them to poverty, domestic violence, and other inequalities.

References

Clair, M., & Winter, A. S. (2016). How judges think about racial disparities: Situational decision‐making in the criminal justice system. Criminology, 54(2), 332-359.

Hurwitz, J., Peffley, M., & Mondak, J. (2015). Linked fate and outgroup perceptions: Blacks, Latinos, and the U.S. criminal justice system. Political Research Quarterly, 68(3), 505-520.

Messing, J. T., Becerra, D., Ward-Lasher, A., & Androff, D. K. (2015). Latinas’ perceptions of law enforcement: Fear of deportation, crime reporting, and trust in the system. Affilia, 30(3), 328-340.

Lamont and Marks

Lamont and Marks

Name:

Affiliation:

Course:

Instructor’s name:

Date:

Lamont and Marks

What is the purpose of the study?

The survey aimed to report how college students, their families, and friends engage in Physical Activity.

How did the researchers collect and validate their data?

The researchers concentrated on studying the exercise behaviors of students, their families, and their peers. Those who engaged in the process were given guidelines prior to administering the study. Volunteers were asked to provide the study with an account of time and place when and where most of the vast majority of the individuals (friends and family) were present. The research question remained the same during the 11 years that information was gathered. The researchers assessed the behavior trends within the sample study. To validate their data, they used the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Saint Mary’s College reports to come up with their conclusion.

What were their research findings (results of the study)?

The report suggests that more than half of American adults do not actively engage in physical activity. Further, 25% of the adult population does not engage in any form of physical activity. Between 1996 and 2006, leisure-time physical inactivity prevalence dropped from 29.9% to 23.9%. In the final decade, both the general public and Saint Mary’s subjects tend to be relatively less physically inactive, at the same time, less likely to exercise below the minimum recommendable levels for improving health. Over time, the statistics show individuals engaging in limited physical activity.

What were the demographics of the participants of their study?

The participants were 3885 adult subjects.

What other studies did the researchers cite in their paper?

The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Saint Mary’s, and the US Department of Health and Human Services reports.

What are some of the flaws/limitations of their study?

Lack of a wide range of reports to compare their findings

Lack of moderate-intensity exercise

Unpredictable number of physical activities every week

Lack of physical activity that met the report recommendation of the Surgeon’s General.

No leisure-time physical activity

Do you think this study was objective or subjective? Why or why not?

The study is objective than objective. Because it concentrates on achieving a specific purpose, it draws a conclusion based on its analysis and other people’s study.

What would you have done differently in this study, and why?

I would have come up with a moderate exercise that meets all the required standards to achieve the desirable reports

Internal Stakeholders

Internal Stakeholders

Name

Institution

Internal Stakeholders

An organization is formed by its members, who are in pursuit of different goals. These goals are aligned to attain their mutual objectives, which form the purpose for the existence of the entity. Internal stakeholders are, therefore, those parties that exist within an organization. They are those members of the entity who control and perform the activities of the organization. They include employees, managers, proprietors, investors and other internal professional members, like internal auditors and internal legal advisors. Knightsbridge Wealth Management firm has the responsibility to manage the interests of its internal stakeholders to ensure they positively influence the business.

Employees are members of an entity who are assigned roles and perform duties related to the activities of the organization. The reason they join an organization is to earn a salary and to advance in their careers. Knightsbridge employees are essential because they perform their assigned duties and responsibilities. Without them, the operations of the firm are stalled. They are therefore entitled to fair remuneration and good working environment.

On the other hand, managers are those members responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the operations of the entity. These functions are delegated to them by the proprietors of the company. Proprietors are owners of an entity. They provide capital that is used to start the business. Its proprietors control the direction of Knightsbridge firm. The direction of Knightsbridge proprietors and managers is essential to maintaining order and accountability of the goings-on of the firm. An entity, therefore, requires an efficient and effective management team that can maximize profit for the company.

Some individuals or organizations make investments in companies and expect a return. Their role in Knightsbridge is essential since they provide financial aid to the company through investment or help the firm to expand to other states and continents by making capital expenditure using the money invested. Another group of essential internal stakeholders are professionals hired by the entity. For example, internal auditors and in-house legal advisors provide solutions to technical issues that cannot be solved by other employees.

All these groups of stakeholders are pertinent to the existence of Knightsbridge firm. Effective stakeholder management is done to influence the business positively. It is essential, therefore, to align their interests and the entity’s interests to ensure maximum return for the entity and achievement of the goals of independent stakeholders.