Blog

Recruitment Plan

Each student will write a Recruitment Plan for a position within the Baltimore City Government. The paper should be 10-15 pages, 12-point font, and double spaced. A Recruitment Plan maps out the strategy for attracting and hiring the best qualified candidate and helps to ensure an applicant pool which includes women and underrepresented groups including veterans and individuals with disabilities.

 

Everyone is expected to write their Recruitment Plan as if they are a consulting company hired by Baltimore City Government to present their Recruitment Plan to the Mayoral Team.

 The position you are writing about is a Human Resource Generalist

Required Components of a Recruitment Plan

 

Executive Summary

Recruitment Goals

Competency Models

Job Description

People Finding Strategy

Interviewing Strategy

Selection Technique

Conclusion

 

Papers should discuss topical information beyond that presented in the textbook and in class. As a result, it is expected that you gather references on your topic from external, library based sources. In general, I would like to see at least four (4) references cited within your paper. References should be cited in accordance with the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines. It is also recommended to use peer reviewed journals as references.

 

Papers will be graded in terms of content and style. In terms of content, papers should include an Executive Summary placed after the title page. The Executive Summary needs to be at least 100 words and is a stand-alone document that serves as a high level overview of your research and findings. It may also include any recommendations. Papers should be structured in the following format: Title page, Executive Summary, Recruitment Goals, Competency Model, Job Description, People Finding Strategy, Interviewing Strategy, Selection Technique, Conclusion, and References (you may also want to include tables, figures, and graphs to main points). The page limit will not include the title page, executive summary, references, tables, figures, or graphs. In regards to style, papers should be well written such that they are concise, clear, organized, adequately referenced, and free of grammatical errors. Cite your references accordingly and do not plagiarize an author’s work. University policy regarding plagiarism will apply to this assignment.

This assignment is based on the assignment that we did before

Due day 1/6/22 at 11:59pm

This assignment is based on the assignment that we did before

. GOALS

You will provide a set of instruction according to the needs/Rhetorical Situation (Links to an external site.) of a specific audience of your choosing. We are interested in developing a document that is specially tailored to an audience.

II.  REQUIREMENTS

1.  Reflection (1-page, single-spaced minimum):

Describe your general approach to the assignment and how/why you edited the document following peer review (include both your peer reviewers’ names (first & last) and describe exactly what they suggested and how you addressed those issues in your subsequent drafts.

Also describe the feedback you received from your instructor and how you addressed it.

Whether or not you chose to address all suggestions offered by your peer reviewers and instructors, explain why.

Finally, describe what you learned about your own writing/approach to the assignment by reviewing your peers’ work. 

2.  Audience Analysis (100-150 words): Please identify a specific professional, organizational audience who will benefit somehow from the set of instructions you are providing.

Ideally, you will choose an audience with which you have personal experience, like a previous employer that might appear on your resume.

This audience analysis is for you, the writer, so that you start by choosing who it is you are writing to and why they need the information (rather than the other way around).

Knowing more about your audience will allow you to better tailor your document. In your audience analysis, prove:

a) the name of the company/organization/committee/etc and what they do;

b) your title within the company/organization/committee/etc and your role/responsibilities; and

c) a summary of the specific people and their roles within the company/organization/committee that need the instructions.

d) a description of why these people need these instructions.

3. Instructions (Minimum of 10 steps, graphics required, some/all of which might have sub-steps and additional information)

As described in more detail at the link here (Links to an external site.), your instruction set should include the following:

a) Detailed Title – The title should be the most direct and succinct summary of the instruction set, identifying exactly who the instructions are for and what the instructions show how to do.

b) Introduction – Building on some of the detail you gathered in the Audience Analysis, in the introduction you are writing to your intended user, explaining who they are, what the instructions are, and why they need them and/or will benefit from them.

c) Warnings/Caution – While some warnings might relate to physical harm (fire, chemicals, etc), other warnings might relate to common mistakes that can be made while conducting the procedure or issues with materials used. Other issues might relate to personal data and other privacy issues that might be relevant. In some cases, the issues might be very minor, though you can still discuss them in this section.

d) Technical Background – This section should clearly detail everything the user needs to know, and background they should have, before starting the instructions. If they should already possess these things, identify exactly what they are. If your intended readers may not already have this background/experience, but they need it to complete the instructions, provide them with what they need in this section.

e) Materials – What specific items do users need? A specific computer or operating system? A specific version of software? Certain tools or hardware? List everything with as much detail as possible, ideally providing visuals.

e) Steps (10+, must include graphics)

Instructions contain lots of information: action (or steps), sub-steps, explanation, warning, results, explanatory information, etc. Be sure to differentiate all of these various types of information somehow. For example, rather than providing a paragraph for each step, break up accordingly into bullet points, or use other formatting techniques to differentiate the various types of information you are providing.

Negotiation in China

DRAFT

Negotiation in China

Name

Course

Course Instructor

Date

China being one of the greatest economies in the world has continued to attract various business people and organizations globally. The country enjoys rapid and positive changes in her economy thus creating numerous opportunities for both the locals and foreign investors. Many entrepreneurs have strived to make their ways in China with different investment intentions that include creating partnership with the Chinese firms. However, negotiations are never easy since there are special insights that are required for proper negotiations processes. There exist a number of complications that hinder negotiations in china which are largely based on the complicated Chinese culture. Better negotiation styles and skills are therefore very necessary in bringing competitive advantages and benefits. Chinese culture has very great influence on her business negotiations. China’s culture and behavior should be viewed differently by investors since the economics within Greater China become more internally linked together. To create competitive advantage among foreign investors going to china, there is a dire need to train them in international manners and customs so that they can learn a better negotiation style that is appropriate for China. The collectivism, hierarchical, relationship and the haggling culture of Chinese people should be well understood particularly their long courting, formal and the fact that they prefer drawing on intermediaries when it comes to negotiation process.

Dr. Robert Grosse authorized this research to further investigate the business managers’ perceptions regarding specific characteristics needed for successful negotiation in China. Dr. Robert B. Rogow , Dean of the College of Business and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University will receive the finalized report on March 6, 2013.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study was to determine managers’ perceptions regarding specific characteristics needed for successful negotiation in china. The report will answer the following questions:

Chinese Culture

Perception of Chinese culture by managers

Methods and Procedures Used

The data for this report were collected by Surav Shrestha. A total of 225 business managers were surveyed where 200 of them were usable and included in the study. The other way of collecting data was acquiring of relevant information from online scholarly journals. The participants were contacted through mail that contained surveys about their perception regarding specific characteristics needed for successful negotiation in china. You may refer to Appendix A in order to examine the cover letter and survey instrument.

Analysis of business managers’ perceptions regarding specific characteristics needed for successful negotiation in China has been grouped into three categories a) Emphasis on relationship and b) Negotiation process

Emphasis on relationship

From the survey, most business managers value the relationship between them and the Chinese people. 60% of managers depend heavily in creating relationship first with the Chinese business people before negotiating. They believe that relationship is a great way of negotiating with the Chinese people because they value collectiveness. This can be shown by 60% of the managers who strongly believe in creating relationship with the Chinese people.

50% of the participants agreed that social gathering as a way of negotiating with the Chinese people. They believe that when in social gathering, they can easily interact with the Chinese people and negotiate with them appropriately. They prefer meeting in Chinese expeditions, seminars and any other conference involving Chinese. This provides them with a clear chance of interacting and even learning about their culture. Social gathering further shows that the business managers appreciate the Chinese culture and way of life.

However, use of translators was not welcomed by the business managers since 50% disagreed with the idea. They do not believe in using translator since they may not be able to clearly discuss the business and other investment issues completely. Translator may even act as a barrier and perhaps, learning Chinese language is the best thing.

SA A N D SD

(%)

Depend heavily on the relationship60 20 5 15 –

Prefer social gatherings10 50 20 20 –

Use of translator-25 25 50 –

SA=Strongly Agree A=Agree N=Neutral D=Disagree SD= Strongly Disagree

Negotiation process

55% of business managers do not agree that there should be fixed terms between them and the Chinese people.

SA A N D SD

(%)

Prefer fixed terms- 20 5 55 20

Flexibility to contacts 50 10 20 20 –

Long, slow deal-making process 55 25 – 10 10

Literary Analysis Research Paper

Dr. Antiwan Walker

English 1102

Summer 2014

Literary Analysis Research Paper

The purpose of this assignment is to write a Literary Analysis essay that clearly illustrates an investigation into and interpretation of one or more literary works discussed in class. For example, you may wish to show the importance of symbols in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat”; you may wish to detail the significance of domestic abuse in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple; or you may want to address the role of patriarchy in a number of the works we have examined. Remember, these are only options. Also keep in mind that you will need a purpose. Why should your reader care that you are writing about symbols in Walker’s novel? What would he or she take away from your essay by the time he or she finishes with it?

What is your critical goal? To refute other writers’ interpretations, revise/rethink their analyses and reveal some aspect that they may have overlooked, or simply to discuss a particular literary element you see pertinent to the overall understanding of a text? In short, make sure you choose an ANGLE. (I will go over these angles in class.) In addition, consider your audience. Who are you addressing? Your instructor? Your peers? Oprah Winfrey? Toni Morrison?

Here are the expectations: Firstly, I am looking for a five to seven (5-7) page paper. (I will deduct a letter grade for each page you are short of the requirement.) Secondly, the essay should include an introduction (that begins generally and then narrows to a strong, clear thesis statement with a purpose); fully-developed paragraphs that delineate (spell out) your points (remember, paragraphs usually go like this: topic sentence, summary or explanation of the situation, example(s), and analysis); and a solid conclusion that restates/rephrases your thesis statement, summarizes your major points, and ends with an objective reflection. Thirdly, you must have at least four (4) outside sources (other than your primary source) and only two sources can be an internet source; none can be from Wikipedia!

I expect your paper headings to look like this: (In the upper left-hand side on the first page) your name, the name of the class, the instructor’s name, and the date. Beginning on page two, in the upper right-hand side, your subsequent pages should include your last name and the page number: “Jackson 2” or “Colleton 3.” PLEASE, NO TITLE PAGES!! Also, do not use any first-person accounts like “I, me, my, we, us, our,” etc., unless you are quoting. Do not use “you” or “your” unless you are quoting, and avoid pronoun-antecedent errors like “If anyone comes to the door, then they will just have to knock.” In addition, do not contract: write “cannot” instead of “can’t” wherever possible. Finally, there should be no unnecessary spaces, especially between your paragraphs, and I am looking for a flawless Works Cited page. I will deduct two (2) points for every infraction I see listed above. Good Luck!

RoRob-Internet

Dot-com Bubble

August 3

2014

Rise and Fall of The Internet

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc394850380 h 3INTERNET BUBBLE HISTORY: A SAGA FROM BEGINNING TO END PAGEREF _Toc394850381 h 3World Wide Web: At a Glance PAGEREF _Toc394850382 h 3Dot-com Bubble PAGEREF _Toc394850383 h 4The Bubble Growth: PAGEREF _Toc394850384 h 51. Spending Lavishly: PAGEREF _Toc394850385 h 52. Rising Stocks: PAGEREF _Toc394850386 h 6The Bubble Bust: PAGEREF _Toc394850387 h 6Companies That Lost In Dot-com Bubble PAGEREF _Toc394850388 h 7Pets.com PAGEREF _Toc394850389 h 7Webvan.com PAGEREF _Toc394850390 h 8eToys.com PAGEREF _Toc394850391 h 8InfoSpace PAGEREF _Toc394850392 h 8GeoCities PAGEREF _Toc394850393 h 8Companies That Survived the Dot-com Bubble: PAGEREF _Toc394850394 h 8Amazon.com PAGEREF _Toc394850395 h 8Shutterfly PAGEREF _Toc394850396 h 9eBay PAGEREF _Toc394850397 h 9Coupens.com (privately held) PAGEREF _Toc394850398 h 9The Aftermath PAGEREF _Toc394850399 h 9SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION PAGEREF _Toc394850400 h 10REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc394850401 h 11

INTRODUCTIONThe rise of the internet has led to many technological changes in the present world and what marked the rise of the internet was the advent of the World Wide Web in the year 1993 when a man named Tim Berners Lee invented World Wide Web. With this invention came the era in which the online industry boomed like never before. The investors all around the world found the internet and World Wide Web as the new future for gaining profit and then began huge amounts of investing in newly launched internet companies from 1993 to 2000. This period is known as the World Wide Web bubble or the dot-com bubble. The history of this bubble is an important source to know how it all began and how many companies rose and perished in the due course to reach what we have today. The readers of this paper will get insights into the history of the bubble and how it affected the internet arena. This research paper will lead to identify various events of that time and what could have been done to avoid the failures that many companies faced.

INTERNET BUBBLE HISTORY: A SAGA FROM BEGINNING TO ENDWorld Wide Web: At a GlanceBy the early 1990’s computers were already in use for various purposes and at various places like offices, homes and schools. But they were mainly used for playing games, writing, accounting and business applications. Computers were rarely used for shopping, communicating or research as today. A man named Tim Berners-Lee in 1993, a software engineer at CERN in physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland changed the whole concept of computer usage by introducing a multimedia layer to the internet called World Wide Web (www).

World Wide Web is often misunderstood for internet but is actually different from internet. World Wide Web is a kind of service which operates over the internet like e-mail (Craig, 2003). It’s a global space where people can connect with each other all across the globe, can share information and can read and write through computers connected to the internet. Internet is a series of computer networks through which computers connect and communicate with each other globally. A series of different languages with the help of which information is shared between computers are called protocols. World Wide Web is a kind of layer over the internet and it uses three protocols:

HTML (Hypertext markup language)

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

URLS (Uniform resource locator).

Dot-com BubbleBubble is a term given to a sudden rise of stock prices of an industry for a certain period of time due to various direct and indirect factors. The buying of stocks in the time of a bubble rapidly increases as there is a potential of huge profits due to future rise in the stock prices. Consumers buy these stocks at a very high price under the belief that another consumer will buy from them at still greater price than that. Eventually such markets run out. Similar thing happened with the World Wide Web market in the period of 1995-2001 and has been categorically defined as “dot-com bubble”.

With the evolution of a novel idea of World Wide Web with high potential, web became a focus of the businesses. There was a sudden rise of economy and high growth rates in the internet sector. Investors found it a completely new and untapped market and companies who had never ever made revenues were pushed on to stock exchange and started investing at extremely high values. Already existing businesses realized the need of their visibility/presence on the internet to conduct marketing and for sharing information. Online business became a hot topic and led many entrepreneurs to pop up and take advantage of the e-commerce possibilities. Young and underemployed individuals realized that business models in future would be based on e-commerce possibilities so they wanted to be the first to benefit from this .They came to be known as start- ups. The investors started putting money into whatever was related to the web or .com due to the wrong judgment of low costs of conducting businesses in this new arena. Further interest rates were very low in 1998-1999 which helped the start-up capital amounts to increase. They overlooked the basic fundamentals and real world; instead they started making huge investments in the hope of reaping benefits in the long run with the confidence of advancements in technology. Among the start- ups of the dot-com bubble, most popular were Monster, Amazon, HotJobs, eToys, eBay, and WebMD.

The startups began to increase in number and the investors started investing in such start-ups that didn’t even have a clear business plan. Huge expenditures were on advertisement, offices and marketing. Then came the time when the artificial accounts were set up on papers to show the profits earned by the investors which further boomed the bubble. The buzz around was of only one thing “Get big quickly or get out”.

The Bubble Growth:The growth of the bubble depended on the following aspects:

1. Spending Lavishly:An internet company can survive and grow only if there is rapid expansion of its customers else it is bound to get doomed. Most of the companies which invested in the dot-com bubble era spent huge amounts internally also. Some employees of such companies became millionaires due to such high rise in stock prices. Moreover, these companies spent lavishly in expanding their business facilities because confidence in the “new growing economy” was very high. The internet service providers and the mobile network operators saw it as an opportunity to invest to develop their network infrastructure so as to cope up with the future rise of internet. This led to the companies in taking huge amounts of loans and was in high debts for the advancement in technology.

2. Rising Stocks:During the period of dot-com bubble, the stocks were rising at a rapid pace and the stock markets were on the high that has never been seen before. All around the world companies started investing in the ventures of World Wide Web and the internet. Every company that entered into the arena of World Wide Web saw huge increase in their stock prices just in a week from the launch of their IPO’s. Every new company or as they are called as start-ups were craving to benefit more and more from this boom, even more investing was done which further increased the stock prices. Even if the companies were not having much profit the boom made it as a potential profit maker in the future. This led to the further bubble expansion and in no time it was advent that the bubble is reaching its ultimate peak.

The Bubble Bust:The dot-com bubble reached the maximum height in January 2000 Super Bowl, when almost 20 dot-com companies paid more than $2 million each for the prime advertising spots. Thus the concept of the “New Economy” was a complete hit till the “dot.com” bubble busted in early 2000. Every bubble reaches a time when it busts and for the dot-com bubble the fate was sealed officially in the year 2000 on March 10th. On this day NASDAQ (The internet stock exchange) reached its peak of all time to 5,048.62 which was a huge rise of almost double the value that it had on the same date of previous year (Doms, 2004). After this peak followed the downfall, the NASDAQ started falling rapidly and by the end of 2002 it fall to one fifth of the peak value of year 2000. The fall was not due to one reason but a combination of reasons that led the stock prices to fall below any expectations. As on 10th March, 2002 the NASDAQ reached its peak, the selling orders for the stock increased rapidly and increased that much that it started feeding on itself and the stock prices started getting down and at the end of the day of 10th march the value came down by 200 points and kept decreasing. (Kraay & Ventura, 2007). Another point that can be accounted is that after spending so much for all these years in equipping with the technology, companies felt that no more spending is required and hence, investors stopped further funding and sat back to reap the fruit. Another reason was the increase of interest rates almost six times the prevalent rate of interest by the Federal Reserve. On April 3rd, 2000 in the case of United States v/s Microsoft Federal Court declared Microsoft as a Monopoly which spread the news all around the world that the future of their stocks are on stake and due to this NASDAQ fell from 4,283 points to a low of 3,649 points on April 4th. The NASDAQ rebounded for a while though but it was not near any recovery. It kept on falling and the investors realized the companies they have invested in are now loss making companies and soon those companies became bankrupt creating chaos in the World Wide Web arena.

Companies That Lost In Dot-com BubblePets.com – It has become synonymous with the dot-com bust. The pet company of food and supplies is perhaps the most recognized flop from the dot.com bubble due to its popular marketing campaign. In the first nine months of 2000, the company lost $147 million (Ofek, Richardson, 2003). It failed to secure more cash from investors. In February 2000, when Pets.com went public its stock started at $11 a share and rose to $14. But the stock of Pets.com fell quickly below $1 and stayed there until its demise. The company of about 3000 employees winded up in November 2000.

Webvan.com – Webvan.com was another company that lost its everything in the bubble. Investment of $1 billion was all in vain. With initial profits the companies stocks at the end fell to 6 cents a share.

eToys.com – This online toy retailer was founded in 1997 and soon became one of the most visited Web sites for holiday shopping. It spent millions of dollars on campaigns of marketing. But, it had not enough cash by March 31, 2000. It later itself filed for bankruptcy.

InfoSpace – Another company who saw immense rise in its share with the peak price of $1,305 per share in March, 2000 to even bigger a fall to just $22 a share in one year. In March 2000, its stock reached at a height of $1,305 per share, but by April 2001 the price had crashed down to $22 a share. (Goodnight & Green, 2010).

GeoCities – There were 19 million unique visitors per month on this site and it soon became the third-most visited site on the Web behind AOL and Yahoo in 1998. Yahoo bought GeoCities for $3.6 billion in January 199. But, with the advent of Facebook, Myspace, GeoCitie, Gotl ost. GeoCities was closed by Yahoo on Oct. 26.

Apart from above, other sites which became victims to the dot-com bubble bust were theGlobe.com, Go.com, Flooz.com, Drkoop.com, Kozmo.com, Garden.com, Broadcaste.com, Freeinternet.com, ovWorks.com, Lastminute.com etc.

Companies That Survived the Dot-com Bubble:Amazon.com – Amazon.com that is still one of the topmost companies in the world was one of the biggest survivors of the dot-com bubble. Founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, Amazon is the largest online retailer company in the world today (McAleer, Suen & Wong, 2013). The Amazon had a sure shot business plan and focused on the recognition of its brand rather than income. Till 2002 it had no significant profit but after that it rose to heights that surpassed all.

Shutterfly – It was founded in 1999. It allows users to create cards, prints, photo books, calendars, stationery and photo sharing websites. Today it trades its shares above $500.

Priceline.com – It was founded in 1998. It is related to travel and it helps users to find discount rates on hotels, fares, car rentals and vacation packages.

eBay – Another online Giant eBay was one of the survivors of the dot-com bubble. Founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995 its business plan revolutionized the online retailing. Today the company has a business of more than $9 billion and still rising with its employee base of 17,000 employees all over the world.

Coupens.com (privately held) – It was founded by Steve Boal in 1998. Today, its value is of $1 billion.

The AftermathThe dot-com bubble kept on deflating at a rapid pace till the year 2001 and the companies that lost everything in the bubble were either bankrupt or were liquidated quickly. The companies burned their venture capitals and then ceased their trading. The domain names were swapped by various competitors of the loosing firms. There were various companies that were charged for fraud and taken down by the Federal Court and fines of millions of dollars were imposed on them for misleading the investors (Mills, 2003). There were companies who never made even a little profit and lost a fortune and there were some companies who survived and now emerged as the largest .com companies that the world has ever seen. The bubble can be marked as the litmus test for the companies for success. The ones who passed this test are successful beyond expectations and the ones who failed no more exist and are lost in the sands of time.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe dot-com bubble was the biggest turmoil in the history of the internet and the World Wide Web and has given the companies a lesson that without a perfect business plan failure in the bubble is inevitable. A few .com companies like Google, Amazon, eBay etc. managed to survive the bubble with their nicely executed plans and less greed for initial profits. With the end of the bubble bust arose a new era of internet where internet went to half of the household in the USA and many parts of the world. The internet bubble was something that in a way opened the path for the Information Technology Boom and the world that we live in today. Without the bubble the world might not have seen such a rapid change in the technology that we are experiencing today. There could have been a number of ways that this large amount of failures could have been avoided. One way could have been by creating business plans that were actually profit making and not the plans to just enter the arena. The other way could have been not to invest blindly in any company with a World Wide Web tag or the .com tag. But, it can only be argued or discussed what should have been done and what was done had the consequences for some companies and a few of them are having a future brighter than sun.

REFERENCESKraay, A., & Ventura, J. (2007). The dot-com bubble, the Bush deficits, and the US current account.University Of Chicago Press, 457–496.Goodnight, G., & Green, S. (2010). Rhetoric, risk, and markets: The dot-com bubble. Quarterly Journal Of Speech, 96(2), 115–140.

Craig, B. (2003). Bubble, toil, and trouble. Federal Reserve Bank Of Cleveland.

 Doms, M. (2004). The Boom and the Bust in Information Technology Investment. ECONOMIC REVIEW-FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO, 19–34.Ofek, Richardson (2003), “DotComMania: The Rise and Fall of Internet Stock Prices”, retrieved from http://people.stern.nyu.edu/eofek/DotComMania_JF_Final.pdfMcAleer, M., Suen, J., & Wong, W. (2013). Profiteering from the Dot-com Bubble, Sub-Prime Crisis and Asian Financial Crisis.

Mills (2001), “Who’s to Blame for the Bubble?”, retrieved from http://hbr.org/2001/05/whos-to-blame-for-the-bubble/ar/1

laws_with_domestic_dispute

DOMESTIC DISPUTE REPORT FOR POLICY MAKING

Students Name

Professors Name

Institution

Course

Date

Domestic Dispute Report for Policy Making

Domestic violence laws

Laws dealing with domestic violence

Domestic violence is an increasing phenomenon in today’s society considering the aggregative nature of life. According to a study it showed that many people accredit their violent outbursts to either work or social stress. The state of Connecticut has a variety of laws to guide and protect the victim and ensure that the perpetrator is justly dealt with. Family and domestic violence laws are the constitutional laws that ensure that despite gender, age and even race are protected from this vice.

In all walks of life it has been declared that it is illegal for anyone to physically assault another person. Even with close kinship ties assault is punishable by law. With this in mind family violence and domestic dispute is described as an incidence that results in bodily harm or injury. In addition it can also be defined as an act or threat that makes one fear for his safety CITATION Lin05 l 1033 (McKie, 2005).

In the constitution a family is described to constitute any or all of the following persons

Spouse or former spouse. In this case Sarah and her boyfriend are considered spouses considering their relations.

Parents or their children

Persons related by blood

Persons who live together regardless of the fact that they are not bound by blood or marriage. For example roommates.

Persons who are currently in or were previously in a dating relationship. This is also another qualification for the case of Sarah and her boyfriend.

If any form of violence occurs between any of the above named persons there are both civil and criminal laws that offer reprieve to the offended. Criminal laws ensure that the offender is prosecuted according to state laws. On the other hand civil laws ensure that the offended gets relief and compensation for any damages suffered due to the acts of the offender.

For criminal law there are several forms of abuse in that of criminal convictions for assault, stalking or threatening. Sentences can g to as large as 99 years. Other laws include those that allow persons to take up restraining orders. Also there are the laws that protect victims of such disputes. In the state there is also a provision of forming groups and societies that help such persons CITATION Mar08 l 1033 (Mccue, 2008).

Personal crimes and property crimes and how they apply to domestic disputes

Personal crimes are those that are perpetrated against an individual this is the case for such instances as rape homicide and kidnapping. There are also various level and categories of these crimes. Taking as an example homicide can be categorized into first and second degree murder, involuntary manslaughter and even vehicle homicide. In all these cases only the victim gets affected. On the other hand property crimes are those that affect the wealth of a person or the state and mostly involve damage of material wealth. Forgery, embezzlement, theft, arson and false pretenses are some of the crimes that fall in the category of property crimes. There is a difference between robbery and theft. Robbery involves stealing using force and a weapon while theft just involves taking someone else’s item without consent with the intention of claiming possession CITATION EGK02 l 1033 (Krug, 2002).

This brings in the fact that regardless of the major divisions some crimes can fall both into the personal and property crimes subdivision. For instance in the case of robbery both property and an individual can be affected. This thus shows that there is a very thin line between the two parts.

Domestic violence can be an instance of where property and an individual are harmed. Assault is where a person physically injures another person when it happens between persons falling in the category mentioned above it becomes a domestic dispute. On the other hand in the heat of the arguments that precede a domestic dispute situation property may be destroyed. This includes the property within the residence that may be damage CITATION Zor92 l 1033 (J, 1992).

Rights of persons involved in domestic disputes

Domestic violence is a traumatic time in the life of any individual. It causes not only physical but also psychological torment. The first right that an individual has right over is that of seeking medical attention if and when needed. Most people have nasty and even life threatening injuries. Most harm increases in intensity as the cases of domestic violence goes unreported. For instance in the case of Sarah at first it was only a bloody mouth then it escalated to a broken arm. She feared to go to hospital as it would lead to a lot of complications. Such victims also require counseling to enable them to accept their predicaments and to move on.

All human beings are entitled to a safe and life conserving environment. Victims of domestic violence usually do not feel safe and they are entitled to police protection. Most take restraining orders and thus the police system ensures that they feel protected CITATION Mar08 l 1033 (Mccue, 2008).

Another right entitled is that of justice. This ensures that disputes within the house are not taken lightly by the police force. All people in such unfortunate situations deserve prompt and fair aid.

It is not just for the sake of philanthropy but also the principle of humanity that all persons should report cases of violence. Many persons in such situations are fearful of what might happen to them if they report such cases thus it is the duty of the society to help them. As a bystander or third party do not meddle in others affairs but just report and give as much advice to the victim as is possible.

Criminal behavior of domestic violence

Crimes such as assault, murder and destruction of property come very close to domestic violence. Assault occurs when there is intense or even minor injury caused to another person due to the acts of another individual. Sarah had a broken arm showing that she had been injured by her boyfriend. In other cases there might be use of a weapon such as throwing a knife at someone. This might cause serious injury or death. When it comes to the case of death then murder is the next charge in the large plate of criminal offences that come as a result of domestic dispute. Destruction of the residence of an individual is a form of property crime. In the heat of the moment also of things can be broken without one actually realizing what is happening. Lack of knowledge is no defense to any crimes committed.

In policy making the laws should allow for prompt action to be taken in the case of such disputes. This is because as time passes the intensity of the crimes committed enlarge and more damage is created. Policies created to this effect should be more preventive than curative for this reason CITATION EGK02 l 1033 (Krug, 2002).

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 J, Z. (1992, june 23). Criminal Law of Domestic Violence. Journal of Criminal Law, pp. 12-15.

Krug, E. (2002). The World Report on Violence. The Lancet, 45.

Mccue, M. L. (2008). Domestic Violence: A Refernce Handbook. Chicago: ABC-Clio.

McKie, L. (2005). Families, Violence and Social Change. NewYork: Open University Press.

Using Density to Estimate the Alcohol Content of Common Liquors

Doe 1

Using Density to Estimate the Alcohol Content of Common Liquors

John Doe

Chemistry 101 January 18, 2013 Dr. Maria Smith

Doe 2

Abstract

Commercial producers of alcoholic beverages use several methods to measure the amount of

alcohol by volume (ABV) that can be found in their products. Because the density of ethanol and water are both known, this study attempted to determine whether density could be used to approximate ABV. A series of ethanol/water solutions were prepared and weighed to create a density curve, and several commercial available liquors in varying proofs were sampled for density. Overall, the density curve created by the series was a good predictor of ABV, with the curve over predicting the whiskey, rum, and grain alcohol samples by 1.2%, 1.7%, and 1.8%, respectively. The likely cause for this small difference was likely ingredients that were added to the alcohol for flavor and which changed the density of the solution. Temperature and human error also likely played a role in the difference.

Doe 3

Introduction

Alcoholic beverages are a solution of ethanol (the psychoactive ingredient) water, and other substances, usually added for flavor. In the United States, the ethanol content of commercially available liquor is noted on the bottle as the proof, defined as being twice the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV) in the solution. So a bottle of liquor that was 40% ABV would be labeled as 80 proof. This study will attempt show that density can be used as a means of measuring ABV.

Historically, the idea of alcoholic proof developed as a literal test of whether a liquid contained the claimed amount of alcohol. The test relied on the flammability of ethanol, namely that gunpowder will ignite in a mixture of ethanol and water that is greater than 57.15% ABV and will not in a solution that is less than 57.15% ABV. Eighteenth century sailors, who were paid in rum rations, would test whether their rations had been watered down by dousing gunpowder with the rum. It ignited the run was considered to have been “proved.” If the gunpowder did not ignited, the rum was considered “under proof.”1

Today, distillers use complex instruments that measure alcohol content by comparing the

density of the solution to the density of water. Density is defined as the amount of mass per unit volume. For liquids, density is measured in grams per cubic milliliter (g/mL3). Because of the expansion and contraction of liquids, density varies with temperature. At 20 degrees C, water has a density of 1.00 g/mL3, and ethanol has a density of 0.789 g/mL3. To test the labeled proof on commercially available liquors, a ABV versus density curve was created using a series of ethanol/water mixtures of known volume. The density of the purchased liquors was calculated and compared to the curve.

Materials and methods

ABV versus density curve

A volumetric pipette was to create a series of 10 mL ethanol/water solutions ranging from 35-95% ethanol in 5% increments. A 5 mL aliquot was then weighed and the density of the solution calculated. All solutions were kept at 20 degrees C. The density was then plotted against ABV and a best-fit curve calculated.

Density of commercial liquors

Representative brands were chosen for several types of liquors to represent a range of ABV: Jim Beam Original, white label, 80 proof (whiskey), Bacardi 151, 151 proof (rum), and Everclear, 190 proof (grain alcohol). 5 mL aliquots were taken from each bottle and weighed to calculate density.

Results

Doe 4

ABV versus density curve

The measurements and densities for the curve samples are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Weight and density for ethanol/water solution series.

35%40%45%50%55%60%65%

Water (mL)6.56.05.55.04.54.03.5

Ethanol (mL)3.54.04.55.05.56.06.5

Weight (g)47.4045.7544.7244.6544.3544.0143.75

Density (g/mL3)0.9480.9150.8940.8930.8870.8800.875

Table 1 (con.).

70%75%80%85%90%95%

Water (mL)3.02.52.01.51.00.05

Ethanol (mL)7.07.58.08.59.09.5

Weight (g)43.4542.7542.541.4041.0539.95

Density (g/mL3)0.8690.8550.8500.8280.8210.799

The scatter plot showed a linear relationship between ABV and density with the equation: y = -0.002x + 1.0012

The R-squared value was .9477, indicating a high correlation.

Fig. 1 ABV versus density scatter plot with best fit line.

Density of commercial liquors

The weight and density of the 5 mL aliquots of commercial liquor are in Table 2.

Table 2. Weight and density of commercial liquors.

Weight (g)Density (g/mL3)

Jim Beam (whiskey)46.320.926

Bacardi (rum)43.500.870

Everclear (grain alcohol)39.250.785

Doe 5

The difference between the sampled and predicted densities was as follows for whisky, rum, and grain alcohol, respectively: 0.011 g/mL3, 0.015 g/mL3, and 0.014 g/mL3. The percent error for each prediction was 1.2%, 1.7%, and 1.8%.

Discussion

The alcohol industry relies on indirect methods to calculate the amount of alcohol in their finished product. This experiment tested the accuracy of using density as a proxy to approximate ABV by developing an ABV versus density curve, then comparing predicted densities on commercial liquor labels.

The ethanol/water solution series resulted in a density curve with a high R-squared value,

indicating a strong correlation between ABV and density. This curve consistently over predicted the calculated density of the commercial liquors, meaning that the bottle contained a higher volume of alcohol than was predicted by the curve. However, the percent error in the predictions was consistent, suggesting that the curve was precise if not accurate and that the difference was due to factors that stretched across all three brands.

There are several possible reasons for this difference. The first is the presence of outliers that

can be seen in Figure 1. The outside data points, at 35% and 95%, do not fit the curve, and most likely skewed the curve. These outliers may be the result of human error in measurement or may indicate that the curve is less reliable at the highest and lowest ABV values.

Another possible reason for the consistent difference between the predicted and sampled ABV valued is that commercial alcohols often contain ingredients other than ethanol and water. Most important among these are likely to be ingredients added for flavor. For example, both the sampled whiskey and rum liquors were aged in barrels so that they would pick up flavor from the wood.2,3 However, the grain alcohol sample indicates that added ingredients may not be the main cause of the discrepancy, because Everclear is unflavored.

The last factor that may account for the discrepancy is the effect of temperature on density. This experiment was done at 20 degrees C, but it’s possible that proof alcohol for commercial labels is calculated at a different temperature. It’s also possible that the temperatures, and hence the densities, of the solutions changed after they were prepared and allowed to rest at room temperature.

Overall, however, it should be noted the percent error between the predicted and sampled ABV was small. The curve proved to be a very reliable predictor of relative ABV, meaning that the curve could be used to accurately predict the difference between ABV in an ethanol/water solution. The curve was also a somewhat reliable predictor of ABV.

Doe 6

Works Cited

1. Gately, I. Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol; Gotham: New York, 2009.

2. Pacult, F.P. American Still Life: The Jim Beam Story and the Making of the World’s #1 Bourbon; Wiley: New York, 2003.

3. Gjelten, T. Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba: The Biography of a Cause; Viking: New York, 2008.

William Carlos Williams’ “The Red Wheelbarrow”

Discussion

William Carlos Williams’ “The Red Wheelbarrow” is written in a subjective point of view, which makes it both personal and relatable to the reader. The poem gives insight into the way real people think and gives life to certain topics that are not often talked about. It has impacted me through the way it uses the imagery of an event that is less often discussed. The poem narrates about a man who had to bury his father and loved him dearly, but does not reflect a society where people are quick to seek out and share their feelings (Williams, 2018). The poem illustrates exactly what happens in today’s society; for example, those that grieve do not talk about the death of a loved one every day. It is also apparent in today’s society that people do not discuss feelings frequently, which is evident throughout the entire poem.

To become critical readers, it is important to practice reading actively and with a set of opinions (O’Byrne, 2018). By analyzing and interpreting text in response to one’s own thoughts, beliefs, and experiences, readers gain literacy skills that can be applied to other texts. Several strategies should be practiced to become and active and responsive reader. The key to becoming an active and responsive reader is to take notes on what is being read by creating visual notations about the main idea and supporting details. By taking notes, it’s then easier to recall the material and study it later. This also helps the reader understand what they’re reading with deeper meaning as opposed to just getting through an article (O’Byrne, 2018). This strategy is not only useful for reading articles but also for reading poems and short stories. Students can learn how to read fiction by concentrating on what they are reading in a story rather than just looking at words that have been strung together in a haphazard manner (O’Byrne, 2018). The next strategy requires to understand the primary goal for reading an article. By setting a goal, the reader is able to focus on grasping the content. The last strategy is to have a designated time for reading. By observing these strategies, the reader will be able to develop critical understanding of the literature article more so poems and essays.

Sources

Williams, W. C. (2018). The Red Wheelbarrow & Other Poems. New Directions Publishing.

O’Byrne, W. I. (2018). Empowering students as critical readers and writers in online spaces. In Best practices in teaching digital literacies. Emerald Publishing Limited. http://www.hkaect.org/jce/5(1)/JCE_5(1).pdf#page=14

social learning disability – Discussion

Discussion

These readings have helped me understand that social learning disability does not necessarily means having difficulties on the social domain rather it is when a person misses key languages, for example when one perceive something differently. It is also when somebody cannot find the right word to describe of a certain item. In such a situation a student may not be sure whether it is appropriate to do something or not. I have also learnt that learning disability is not autism and spectrum disability, neither are they vision or hearing disability. People with learning disability are as smart as others without. It is a problem that can be treated if identified early enough. I have also learned that learning disability cannot be caused by emotional disturbance and economic disadvantages of an individual. CITATION Cor11 l 1033 (Cortiella, 2011)The new information that Lyon’s articles offer in the field of learning disability is that learning disabilities are real and the affected are characterized by genetic or neural anomalies. Learning disabilities are not imaginary as perceived earlier. The recent evidence also indicates that directs and systematic instructions affect brain activity. Lyon also points out that a typical brain function can be modified by instruction justifying continued work in the institutional aspect of learning disabilities and neurological.

According to Lyon and Hallahan, students should be taught to approach tasks systematically as this helps to represent a similar contribution from the area of education and learning disabilities. Students should be taught to perform various academic tasks systematically and instructions of reading comprehensions and written expressions given CITATION Swa13 l 1033 (Swanson, 2013). Systematic monitoring of students performance also helps in solving learning disability related problems. This helps to analyze behaviors of students to learning disabilities.

The question I would like to pose for the group is that once a problem of learning disability has been identified in a student is there a special program to train such students or do they just continue with the same syllabus just like other students?

Reference

Mazzocco, M. M., Feigenson, L., & Halberda, J. (2011). Impaired acuity of the approximate number system underlies mathematical learning disability (dyscalculia). Child development, 82(4), 1224-1237.Flanagan, D. P., & Alfonso, V. C. (2010). Essentials of specific learning disability identification (Vol. 82). John Wiley & Sons.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Effective management of call centre

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CALL CENTRES LOOKING AT ISSUES OF WORK DESIGN, STAFF MOTIVATION, RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING, PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT:

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Name

Class

Date

Research MethodologyMethodologyThe methodology chapter presents a depiction as well as a discussion of the methodology employed in research. This entails the compilation of information and data analysis to examine the hypotheses. The research philosophy, express the research rationale as well as the approach. It also describes the research strategy and finalizes with the delineation of data compilation and sample selection. Research StrategyThe research strategy signifies the most remarkable aspect in the entire research as well as the survey process is the research methodology. This is universally a method of acquiring data from preceding researches, magazines, articles, and journals. This gathering of information mainly facilitates the researcher in the short-term as well as in the long-term. Consequently, the researcher may implement diverse inferences through the research study. The research strategy chapter focuses mainly on the rudimentary aspects of the research study, which bear significance to the researcher. These critical qualities may encompass the research procedures, compilation of information, and utilization of diverse types of information. The chapter entails several merits as well as demerits of varied types of information, which enable the reader to straightforwardly comprehend the merits and de-merits associated to a specific method. The key aspect of contemplating a research process is to generate an insightful school of thought so that the researcher may achieve a credible conclusion.

Research PhilosophyThis chapter concerns assumptions on the perspectives pertinent to life, which underpin the research strategy as well as the chosen methods. The most universally known research philosophies, also referred to as epistemology are realism, interpretive, and positivism.

Research PurposeThree dissimilar research purposes include descriptive, explanatory, and exploratory. The descriptive research studies endeavor to depict situations as precisely as possible. In contrast, exploratory research studies are carried out when new insights ought to be attained in a specific focus of interest. This occurs when principally a familiar research subject matter is being scrutinized from a special angle. With the execution of explanatory research studies, elementary relationships between diverse variables are appraised and elucidated. This research will assume an exploratory study approach in investigating the linkages between how work design, staff motivation and training affects performance in call centers. Statistical analyses like correlation tests are usually executed in this type of research in order to achieve diverse insights into diverse relationships.

Research ApproachA research project design may assume two dissimilar approaches namely deductive or inductive. With a deductive approach, pertinent theories are verified and underlying relationships are explained. With the inductive approach, empirical data is initially ascertained, from which the hypotheses of the study is derived. This approach is also referred to as the qualitative approach. For this reason, the objectives of the research are founded, which are subsequently validated by means of quantitative methods.

Quantitative Approach to ResearchThe quantitative research methodology is considered as the most ordinary technique utilized in scientific researches. This approach utilizes data mined from diverse numerical based facets, and measurements. It appraises numerical data which are accordingly utilized to interpret the outcomes. The core philosophy of this study is dealt with statistical and numerical methods. While utilizing the quantitative research approach, it is essential that the researcher utilizes statistical data correlated to research areas and subjects.

Any discrepancies faced between numerical data and statistical data that are gathered from dissimilar sources in a sample population may be e illustrated by the quantitative based approach. The universal method of acquiring data in this case is via questionnaires or interviews. In order to authenticate or examine the hypothesis a number of mathematical or statistical techniques would be subsequently utilized. The researcher is not permitted to influence or corrupt the research as well as its components. The quantitative approach applies analysis of accrued information through statistical techniques whereby measures or the averages of central tendency are used on the sampled population.

Limitations and Advantages of Quantitative ResearchUtilization of quantitative measures, like quantitative data, is uncomplicated in gathering, translating, and storage, than a range of other forms of information collection methods. It also saves a lot of time in comparison to other forms of information collection methods. Any disparities in variables are easily found out and regularly measured. It is usually easy to compare the dissimilar variables in the sample data with the historical data through this approach.

The dominant limitation to this approach is the over generalization engaged, which may not produce the requisite information. Another drawback is the implicit generalised situation of the factual world. The utilized data would be objective and consequently, the data which is not capable of assessment numerically or statistically would by and large not generate any useful results. Another negative aspect of employing this approach is that, the whole research is executed in a controlled environment. Consequently, the numerical or statistical outcomes would subsequently be specific to the research. Such research outcomes would not be adequately flexible to be applied to generalised environments. Consequently, the statistical measures acquired cannot be appropriate in similar environments in the factual world. The quantitative approach thus, limits the scope of the research to some specific variables in specific situations whereby other essential variables may be neglected.

The deductive approach was considered as being the appropriate approach in this study. General theories were considered, which led to the formulation of the aims of the study. The questionnaire that would facilitate the data collection process was set up. The purpose is to test the existing literature to either reject or confirm the original theories towards the conclusion of the study. In this study, the research design will employ interviews whereby quantitative research techniques will be employed.

Research StrategyThe research strategy may be established on the basis of the research approach, as well as philosophy. It is essential to select the appropriate research strategy that will help in answering the research question (s) and meeting the research objectives. This dissertation pursues the deductive approach. The research strategy of choice in this dissertation is a survey, which is a usually pursued strategy in business research. This is because it permits the gathering of huge quantities of data from a considerable population in the most efficient way.

The rationale for employing questionnaires and surveys was that, they provide an unsophisticated access to the study of principles, and intent of the person who completed the questionnaire. Questionnaires or surveys may be customized to accumulate general data from roughly every human population. The data compiled from questionnaires or surveys is in essence quantitative in nature. In the course of the interview, the interviewer’s presence may encourage participation, and the interviewer may be able to judge the scope to which the exercise is treated sincerely.

Research Ethics

Respondents will grant informed consent prior to their contribution in the survey. The researcher will guarantee this by informing the relevant respondents concerning the purpose of this study. This will include, the contents, time limit of the survey, as well as the potential risks and benefits pertinent to the study. The respondents will be updated in regard to their freedom to withdraw from or participate in the study. The respondents will as well be informed regarding the privacy of their identities. The researcher will guarantee this by not connecting the respondents to their answers in the survey.

Primary Study Sampling and Data Collection In order to realize the dissertation aims and also compile data for hypothesis testing, a questionnaire was carried out. Sampling was constructive in restricting collection of data to a explicit subgroup which is of significance according to the dissertation aims. It is therefore imperative to delineate the pulled sample population.

Methods of Data Collection This dissertation design employs the utilization of interviews in the event that quantitative research techniques will be employed. Secondary as well as primary data will be coalesced in this research in pursuit of the study aims.Qualitative Approach to ResearchThe quantitative approach is a method to examine an established hypothesis based on statistical and mathematical techniques. In comparison, the qualitative approach creates an original theory by itself. Qualitative approach facilitates in giving significance to real-time experiences. It also grants meaning to the experiences in order to improve the reach to a variety of concerns. This approach is applied in research in order to investigate the richness, saturation, as well as the degree of complexities. The qualitative based approach is based on different viewpoints, such as the absence of real experiences. This is usually referred to as realism. Realism contrasts for different people and differs with the passage of time. Realism also posits that knowledge has significance only in the event of a specific situation or only in a precise context. This forms the rationale as to why the researcher’s own perception plays a critical role in this approach. The researcher’s role in this regard would be to research and utilize effectively his aptitude towards creating innovative ideas and creative thinking.

Limitations and Advantages of Qualitative ResearchThe qualitative approach is adequately flexible to adopt change in accordance with the prevailing situation. This approach presents the researcher with the opportunity to focus primarily on the research process. The interactive questionnaire proposed for the qualitative approach facilitates the survey participants to communicate their ideas and explanations, thus resulting in detailed knowledge and creativity. This approach does not review the samples only, but also makes an allowance for the knowledge utilized by the researcher as well as the participants. The participants are relatively more involved and motivated in the research process since the questionnaire in this study is descriptive based.

A disadvantage of utilizing this approach would include the prejudiced nature of the researcher and particularly the research participants in connection with any of the issues in the questionnaire or the research hypothesis. Another prominent shortcoming of the qualitative based approach is the subjectivity and restricted capacity of the present research. This intends that in the event that, the research is conducted by use of similar samples, it may produce outcomes that would be varying. Qualitative based approach requires s greater time in comparison to the quantitative approach. Data will be gathered through holding interviews with the employees in identified call centres. A structured semi-interview procedure will be developed. This will entail closed as well as open ended questions in order to facilitate the researcher in quantifying the compiled data.

Data Collection Method

Randomly selected participants will be provided with a questionnaire or involved in the survey. Survey responses will be achieved by means of closed-ended questions. In the research, collection of secondary data will be engaged in order to supplement the techniques of primary data collection. This is because the researcher will conduct a descriptive survey. The researcher is principally interested in understanding the relevance of linkages between how work design, staff motivation and training affects performance in call centres. The primary objective of the researcher in utilizing survey is to grant him with constructive hints for theory building as well as refinement. The secondary research will comprise document reviews whereby a bulky quantity of publications as well as pertinent materials are analyzed and examined. A broad variety of journals, books, as well as articles will be utilized in order to compile pertinent information in regard to the subject matter.

A limitation in regard to convenience sampling occurs since there is no verification that the sample is representative of the entire population. Nevertheless convenience sampling is extensively employed in business research. In regard to time and finance restrictions, convenience sampling facilitates the researcher in obtaining an enormous quantity of data in an uncomplicated, time-saving as well as economic manner. Random sampling is considered to be the most appropriate instrument in conducting a representative survey in the event of a known population. Consequently the population, with its characteristics must be identified and must participate in the survey. These requirements are impractical for this research subject and consequently irrelevant.

Data analysisThe research will employ qualitative as well as quantitative techniques in analyzing the compiled data. This will mainly be realized through the use of SPSS in data analysis. This is because, SPSS offers a user-friendly interface. While using SPSS, it is uncomplicated to load data sets following compilation. It is also feasible to create new variables from the existent variables and subsequently analyze as well as present the data in an assortment of formats such as tables and graphs. SPSS is also unproblematic to use in computing robust quantities of data. Nevertheless, SPSS will necessitate that the researcher uses limited data.

In data analysis, qualitative methods will also be employed since the method provides better information in regard to strategy assessment data. The qualitative methods will embrace the utilization of individual accounts through interviews as well as narrative responses to the survey. The qualitative data compiled will be analyzed through a strategy of constant comparative data reduction. Data reduction refers to a concept employed in the analysis of inconsistent data in social sciences. The key advantage of employing data reduction is the consistency and simplicity of analysis whereby data are broken up and the completed data found.

The majority of these data will be supplied by the call centres’ employees. The questionnaires to be utilized will be Likert structured questionnaire. This will be in a scale of one to five to facilitate simplicity of entry, tabulation, and analysis of data. For precision of the data, the research will utilize primary data. On the other hand, the key inadequacy of this method is that it is expensive to the data collector and also time consuming. There may also be some aspect of partiality which may be linked with this study. Validity and Reliability of OutcomesIn this study, the reliability as well as the validity of the compiled data will be depending on the design of the real questionnaire utilized. However, in optimizing the latter, cautious planning of questions, the layout as well as distinct elucidation of the rationale as well as pilot testing will be considered. The validity, reliability, and generalizations will be addressed by employing data verification as well as construct validity checks. The researcher will be cautious in regard to reflexivity issues. Sources of information including books as well as journals should be considered in order to achieve reliable as well as valid data by means of triangulation.

Ethical Considerations Associated With Research

Ethics will be attended to by effecting a human subject’s application. It is in line with standard good practice in regard to research that concerns individual volunteers as research subjects. All pertinent ethical conditions will be considered through the requisite best practice standards. Permission will be solicited prior to engaging the individuals in interviews as well as the questionnaire. An approval to execute this research will be acquired from the call centres, management through the use of letters. Opinions will be documented in the questionnaires and confidentially will be maintained. Upon completion of the analysis of data, these questionnaires will be destroyed. All realized research findings will be considered extremely confidential in regard to the information offered by the respondents’. As an ethical obligation, comments will not be linked with the source devoid of the respondent’s express permission.

Bibliography

Burney S. Inductive & Deductive Research Approach, Karachi: University Of Karachi Press. 2008.

Chase and Aquilano. Production and Operations Management: A Life Cycle Approach, New York: Homewood Press. 2000.

Cooper & Schindler, Business Research Methods, New York: McGraw-Hill. 2003

Creswell, J. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Beverly Hills: Sage. 2002.

Easterby, Smith. Management Research, London: Sage. 2005.

Forza, Cipriano. “Survey research in operations management, a process based perspective.” International Journal of Operations and Production management, 2002.

Jørgen Carling. Using SPSS in research projects, Berlin: Hovedfag. 2001.

Murat, Kristal. “The Effect of Quality Management on Mass Customization Capability.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2010.

Phelps T. Organizing and managing your Research: A practical guide for Postgraduates, London: Sage. 2007.

Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill. Research Methods for Business Students, Harlow: Prentice Hall. 2003.