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John Wayne Gacy a serious mischievous killer

John Wayne Gacy a serious mischievous killer

Ramona Ross

Georgia Gwinnett College

John Wayne Gacy a serious mischievous killer

Introduction

There are famous criminals in America who have been reported everywhere. John Wayne Gacy is an example of a criminal whereby words like a socialist, entertainer, businessman, murderer, psychotic sadistic individual are words one would use to describe him. John Gacy was considered as a nice man because he often would dress up as a clown and entertain kids. The image of him being a good person ended when he started to rape, torture and kill people. Perhaps one would say John did entertain kids to hide his real nature and obtain victims for his crimes.

Background Information

John Gacy had a rough past as his dad was an alcoholic. Also, at a young age Gacy was struck with an instrument that caused him to have a blood clot. His mother showed much care to John unlike his mother who was harsh and treated him like a grown up man. Unfortunately, his father warned his mother that John was going to be queer, but no one knew that he was going to be a serial killer clown (Carpozi, G., & Wheeler, P. 1972). Because of John’s fathers verbal abuse, he carried that energy with his victims. He didn’t have any compassion or sympathy because of his fathers’ harsh words. This can be linked to theories that describe how one is treated at an early age determines how one will treat others.

It is so ironical that as Gacy grew up he wanted to be a police officer yet ended up a big criminal. John was a good student at start but at teen age he begun to transfer schools and later dropped out while in Vegas. Years later while in prison he decided to finish high school and took college courses.

John Wayne Gacy was a contractor who was married at a young age. Criminal life started when he would help the employees of the businesses he did manage to steal. When his second born was born he was accused of harassing a 16-year-old boy sexually and was taken to prison. After his first time in jail, his wife divorced him and took the kids away from him as well. Afterwards, Gacy moved into a small apartment where he lured, tortured, and raped young men (Kozenczak, J. R., & Kozencz, K. M. 2003). Gacy was respected in his community because he was a successful business man who had his own company.

His spare time was the problem because while posing as “Pogo the Clown”, Gacy was really on the lookout for his next victim. He would lure his victims in by promising them that he had construction work for them. Once the victims were in his house, Gacy would torture them with utensils such as a rope. Gacy would kill his victims and bury them under his house and sometimes by the river close to his house. Gacy never did his torture or killings outside of his house but sometimes the bodies would come up outside of his house (Anderson, K. R., & Braun, B. R. 1994). Unfortunately, the police caught up to Gacy’s ways because even a serial killer can make mistakes.

Conviction

At Waterloo Iowa he was accused by a 15-year-old and another boy of sexually abusing them. Gacy denied the allegations but was indicted by a grand jury later that month. He paid another boy to beat up one of the accusers. He was not affected by his actions but went on harassing other people sexually. He was found competent to stand trial, fortunately he pled guilty and was sentenced to 10 years in prison but only served 21 months (Sullivan, & Maiken, 2013). John was said to have made 33 male killings and rape cases. Gacy convicted on March 13, 1980 of 33 counts of 1st degree murder. He was sentenced to 21 consecutive life sentences and 12 death sentences. Executed in 1994 when he died after a lethal injection (Anderson, K. R., & Braun, B. R. 1994). This was justice since all h deserved was to die.

Conclusion

John Wayne was a psychopath who would blame his actions on the victims and say that he was trying to defend himself. John’s actions begun at an early age for example during his childhood when he was 10, he buried his mother’s panties the same way he would busy the bodies when he got older and committed murder. Ones actions and future is always seen and can be judged at an early age as John’s father did.

References

Sullivan, T., & Maiken, P. T. (2013). Killer Clown: The John Wayne Gacy Murders. Pinnacle Books.

Carpozi, G., & Wheeler, P. (1972). The John Wayne Story. Arlington House.

Anderson, K. R., & Braun, B. R. (1994). The Legal Legacy of John Wayne Gacy: The Irrebuttable Presumption That Juries Understand and Follow Jury Instructions. Marq. L. Rev., 78, 791.

Kozenczak, J. R., & Kozencz, K. M. (2003). The Chicago Killer: The Hunt for serial killer John Wayne Gacy. Xlibris Corporation.

Job Strain Leading to the Effects of Mental Health

Job Strain Leading to the Effects of Mental Health IssuesJob Strain Leading to the Effects of Mental Health IssuesAmanda Monique AlvarThe University

Spring 2020

ABSTRACTThe word Mental Health has been a very serious awareness that the world has been taking into consideration lately. Work has been a global threat to many individuals in multiple ways that affects their intra and interpersonal levels. Through modern research, it has been recognized that the increased statistics of employee’s mental health is a critical dominant in their overall health. By having poor mental health, you can also have misleading factors that affect their own personal health. Personal health problems that can arise are hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and much more. Although mental health affects physically, it also affects psychologically. If the work atmosphere is not pleasing or comfortable for the employee, problems will begin to arise psychologically. If the individual begins to build negative characteristics at their work, they can bring those stressors home and cause conflict with the family. Work related stress is a major conflicting factor because it can lead to poor productivity, poor work performance, and increase human error. This stress is very related to pressure, and due to jobs requiring different work ethic, the pressure can be significantly excessive compared to others. Another affecting factor that causes work strain is, unemployment. This is a major concern for the people who work to survive and provide. When an individual is working, their main reasons is to, “support the family, feed the family, and pay the bills”. With an invisible enemy such as “work stress”, this study is going to perceive different ways that work-related stress can cause impact towards the middle age adult’s self-efficacy. Job Strain Leading to the Effects of Mental Health IssuesJob Strain Leading to the Effects of Mental Health IssuesSigmund Freud once mentioned, “work and love were the most important factors affecting humans”. Taking this quote into consideration, significantly means that individuals should enjoy and feel comfortable working in their environment. If an individual feels uncomfortable, negative energy, or work-related stress can all be significant factors to bring in problems into their intra/inter personal levels in life. For this research, I want to identify the leading factors that affect work related stress for middle-aged adults, and determine the effects of those factors. By identifying the factors, one can determine ways to work with the factors to avoid work related stress. Research has provenEvidence suggests that the main factors that affect work-related stress are “Superior relationship, co-peer relationship, job insecurity, family related conflicts, high demand requirements, and bureaucratic constraints. According to, (Rajgopal, 2010) these 6 factors are the main leading factors that lead to work related stress. Since occupations are more at risk of mental health compared to others, ways to determine these factors are by providing health assessments through the company’s quarterly so that the individuals can reflect on how they feel interpersonally. (Maulik, 2017). When individuals can take the time to reflect on how their work-related pressure is, it can really affectimpact the outcome of job performance, energy within colleagues, and reduce the risk of developing health complications. (Espina, 2019).The health topic that I have selected for this study is how work-related stress effects the mental health of middle aged adults in San Antonio, TX. The reasoning that I chose middle aged adults is because that’s when most people begin to search for serious jobs, begin families, move out of households with a new partner, and try to settle in life. By having all these factors behind them, including a job, can be an emotional load for an individual dealing with all this at once. (Rao, 2012). I want to perform a cohort study design for this study because I want to apply two comparison groups. One group will be “the healthy group”, and the other will have “diagnosed psychological problem”. The reason behind this cohort study is that I will be able to observe and collect qualitative and quantitative information from my participants while reducing biased information as best as possible. Since I have selected a specific location for my study, this will allow me to collect data efficiently. I will first begin my study by collecting information from San Antonio Metro Health, and Texas DHHS to perceive what area codes are affected the most by work related stress and mental health. I will issue out a home survey to the participants in the area codes that are needed with instructions to follow. They will have to answer the questionnaire as accurate as possible and return it with a pre-paid stamp followed by an incentive for replying. Once responses have been collected, I will contact the participants through a phone interview to instruct the following procedures to continue the research study. This will allow to gather some of their health information, socioeconomic standing, and health diseases if any. (Guglielmi, 2013). My specific aims for this research is to determine that if participants get affected by work related stress, which results mental health problems. I also want to determine if work related stress reduces self-efficacy towards the participants which results in poor work energy or cooperation with colleagues. This will allow me to determine if these factors affect the individual mentally, and try to figure out on ways to improve this work-related stress. According to a very similar study done by Lerner (2019),, has proved to show very accurate results from the participants. In this research, the author used Work Limitation Questionnaire, which a questionnaire that is fully validated for employed samples with or without mental health issues. (Lerner, 2019). Hopefully after gathering some mixed method data from the participants, I will be able to organize the cohort study with accurate results in which can generalize larger populations. After the study, I am hoping to discover some effective factors that apply to the individuals who have healthy mental health and to the ones with mental health issues. By determining the work-related stressors, I am hoping to prove my hypothesis correctly in which I can raise mental health awareness when it comes to work related stress to prevent health complications and live a healthy stable life physically and mentally.

ReferencesGuglielmi, D., Simbula, S., Vignoli, M., Bruni, I., Depolo, M., Bonfiglioli, R., Tabanelli, M. C., & Violante, F. S. (2013). Solving a methodological challenge in work stress evaluation with the Stress Assessment and Research Toolkit (StART): a study protocol. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 8(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-8-18

Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., McLaughlin, T., & Reed, J. (2010). Work performance of employees with depression: the impact of work stressors. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 24(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.090313-QUAN-103Maulik P. K. (2017). Workplace stress: A neglected aspect of mental health wellbeing. The Indian journal of medical research, 146(4), 441–444. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1298_17

Menéndez-Espina, S., Llosa, J. A., Agulló-Tomás, E., Rodríguez-Suárez, J., Sáiz-Villar, R., & Lahseras-Díez, H. F. (2019). Job Insecurity and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies From a Gender Perspective. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 286. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00286

Rajgopal T. (2010). Mental well-being at the workplace. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 14(3), 63–65. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.75691Rao, J. V., & Chandraiah, K. (2012). Occupational stress, mental health and coping among information technology professionals. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 16(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.99686

Job Satisfaction on Women Policing Professional

Job Satisfaction on Women Policing Professional

Student’s Name

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Option B

Women Job Satisfaction in Policing

In this paper, I will talk about the factors that lead to job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction for women professionals in the policing services. I will focus on police officers since their functions are known as policing. The number of women in the police department is small compared to that of men, but it has been growing significantly. In these days, people have paid more attention to having more women in the police sector, which has created a need to recruit new female officers, train and promote the existing officers. There are several professional attributes that women have, and they are valuable to the law enforcement department. These attributes are the reason why policymakers are being encouraged to balance the number of men and women in the policing sector. When women are allowed to participate equally in all police roles and then maintain law and order will be reflected and responded to the society. In this essay, the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of women in Police and the innovation that will bring change will be discussed.

Satisfying Factors

Job satisfaction has gained popularity ranging from researchers to practitioners in various disciplines. According to many employed individuals, job satisfaction can be termed as consent with their working environment. A worker’s happiness can tell how satisfied the employee is, and therefore a happy worker means they are confident with their job. An employee’s satisfaction is vital since it has a significant impact on employee attendance, productivity, and health. The previous study supposes that the factors influencing women’s employee satisfaction are; salary, flexible work, job security, motivators, managerial ranks, and stress.

Salary has been a big concern for women in policing, and in most cases, women tend to get a lower salary than their male colleagues. A survey conducted by the women’s policy research showed no difference in the amount of salary earned by male and female police officers. Women have been underestimated in what they can do in the labor industry, thus prompting many employers to underpay them. In the police department, the job description of a police officer is the same regardless of their gender, and therefore the salary should not vary. Equal pay shows that the police department does not discriminate against employees according to their genders, and this is one reason why more women are willing to join the law enforcement force.

Another factor promoting women in the police department is job flexibility. Most police departments worldwide offer their employees job flexibility, which helps workers balance their work life and personal life. Availability of leave days and maternity leaves for women in the police department has significantly been of great help to women in this sector. Jobs that offer women maternity and leave days tend to have more women employees, and they find satisfaction in what they do. Lack of a flexible job is one factor that has led to few women in the labor force. Women play a vital role in society, like taking care of families, and for them to balance work life and personal life, flexible jobs are essential.

Dissatisfying Factors

Many factors encourage women to join the police force, but that does not mean women in the police department don’t find their job dissatisfying—one of the factors that most women in police face is discrimination. The discrimination can either be from people within the work department or outside. Discrimination at a workplace can be from seniors who fail to give women equal opportunities as men. Most leaders in the police department are male, meaning that women continue to be undervalued when it comes to leadership (Meeussen et al., 2017). Women in the police department, in most cases, get abused by male colleagues because they think women are weak, and sometimes they face brutality from male lawbreakers.

Sexual harassment is another factor that discourages most women from being members of the law enforcement force. Sexual harassment can be from colleagues or other individuals in their line of work. Despite the number of women in the police force increases, women remain victims of discrimination and prejudice. Women’s physical strength is less than that of men, which is one of the significant factors that promote sexual harassment of women. In some cases, female police officers get intimidated and sexually harassed by their male colleagues, like their seniors who demand sex. Most police seniors have abused their power and used it for their gain and to discriminate against the women in the police force, which has discouraged women from being in this department.

Interventions that Might Make a Favorable Difference for Women

Representation of women in the police force is crucial because the voice of women in society and the police force will be well represented. Lawmakers and policymakers have to develop laws and policies that protect women’s rights in the police department. In the case of meritocracy in the police department, promotion should be due to the merits of an individual and not gender-based. Several departments in the world have worked to ensure gender parity, and from their experiences, several lessons have been drawn. Historically, lawsuits have been used to bring about change in different departments, and it was concluded that it is not easy to bring change to people who are not ready for change. Therefore, government officials and other political departments need to mandate equal treatment of women in Police and make policies that protect women from discrimination.

Another intervention is for all police departments to implement strict policies that address gender discrimination, Biasness, and sexual harassment. The departments should offer training to police officers on matters concerning gender equality and sexual harassment. Strict disciplinary measures should also be set for cases where the established policies are broken. Friendly family policies should also be adopted in the police force, where women are allowed to balance their work life and personal life. The family policies will cover marriage, maternity leaves, childcare, and off days. Since the police department is male-dominated, they should work to ensure that they offer the support of their female counterparts (Jones, 2017). The help will promote a unified police department that is ready to protect society.

References

Jones, J. (2017). How can mentoring support women in a male-dominated workplace? A case study of the UK police force. Palgrave Communications, 3(1), 1-11.

Rabe-Hemp, C. E. (2019). The Status of women Police Across the Globe. Women Policing across the Globe: Shared Challenges and Successes in the Integration of Women Police Worldwide, 3.

Veldman, J., Meeussen, L., Van Laar, C., & Phalet, K. (2017). Women (do not) belong here: gender-work identity conflict among female police officers. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 130.

Job Descriptions

Job Descriptions

Name:

Institutional Affiliation:

Apparell is a retail fashion company that sells all sorts of clothes, shoes, jewelry and other accessories. We pride ourselves in the best customer experience, both online and in our twenty stores across the country. The company started in 1998 specializing mainly in women’s clothes, but as demand for affordable and high quality athleisure increased, it expanded to men and children’s fashion as well. The company remains devoted to serving our customers quickly and efficiently, ensuring that casual wear looks as sophisticated and effortless as possible. Our employees are highly motivated individuals who have grown with the company because they enjoy their jobs. They have flexible working hours, good working conditions, good pay and a listening management team. In the recent past, we have been expanding more into the online space to broaden our customer base further. We recognize that our customers may not always have time to dash into a store but would instead make their purchases online. To make the process more efficient, we are looking to hire a Sales Manager specifically for the online sales department.

In today’s fast-paced world, many people turn to the internet to look for all kinds of goods and services. For a company or business to be successful, they must have a robust online presence for several reasons. First, the company can be able to engage with customers and understand exactly what the customer wants (Locander et al. 2018). This will help the company to tailor its goods and services for a specific market they are targeting. The company also gets feedback on customer satisfaction. In case of any corrections, the business can get right on it. The internet is also the fastest and cheapest way to advertise. Advertising on newspapers, billboards and TV costs significant sums of money, and small businesses cannot afford such expenses. The position requires a person who takes cognizance of all these facts and incorporates them in making daily, weekly and monthly plans.

Applicants must hold a certificate in sales and marketing and whatever level, be it a diploma, bachelor or master’s level. Of more importance will be experience that the person has. Applicants must have spent time working in a highly demanding position requiring them to make decisions on their feet. Our company has thousands of customers countrywide, and this means all of them must receive feedback in a timely and professional manner. There won’t always be time to think over many questions; therefore the sales manager should have decision making skills. They must also be able to command a team of people to meet a specific goal. Leadership skill is a must-have considering the position requires coordination with other departments to ensure that sales and online advertising turn in growing revenues. Experience in the fashion industry will e an added advantage since many of the tasks to be handled will be already familiar.

Some of the tasks that the employee will be required to perform include overseeing the online sales team. The team is made up of about thirty people spread out across six states. There have to be weekly meetings to coordinate. Some of the things to be addressed in the sessions include weekly projections and sales targets. Each store is of a different size and considering the location and other dynamics; an appropriate plan has to be made. Because it is impossible to have physical meetings, they will be organized through Skype and video conferencing. Customer feedback will be the main priority, and the manager will review reports from store sales managers every week. In addition to this, the sales manager will work with the accounts department to calculate how much online sales contribute to the overall revenues made by the store.

Personality is a significant part of the application process. The applicant has to be outgoing, friendly and slow to anger. The manager should be able to make the customer feel valued and appreciated. One of the ways to do this is to ensure that their opinions are answered and taken into consideration in making plans for the future. The sales manager, therefore, has to be willing to listen to and accommodate different opinions even if they may appear extreme or rude. Managing the online sales team means dealing with diverse people and the manager should be able to exercise patience, accommodate different opinions while at the same time retaining the authority that comes with their position.

When looking for a qualified candidate who makes the best fit for the company, online job boards are some of the quickest way to go. The first job board is Robert Half. The company enjoys exclusive deals with many companies meaning that companies only post opportunities to the website. Some of the advantages aside from exclusivity are that job seekers receive alerts if they have subscribed. Along with this is the salary guide that guides employers and employees towards the right offer for their position (Jansen et al. 2005). Trends in the workplace are analyzed often so that employers can stay up to date. CareerBuilder is another job board that has been around for a long time, about twenty years. The advantage of this website is that job seekers can search for their desired positions based on several criteria including salary and location. The job board has established partnerships with various media outlets and posts adverts from the outlets.

The third online job board is Indeed, one of the most well-known job sites locally and globally. The job board compiles jobs from other job boards and agencies and posts them to its website. The search criteria can either be local or global. Job.com is a meeting place for job seekers and employers. Applicants can upload their resumes so that employers can look through them. The thoughtful point is that the CVs are not posted to the website to allow people currently employed to look for jobs elsewhere. The fifth online job board is Ladders. This website is dedicated to high-level executives making upward of $100,000 in annual salary. Job seekers looking for managerial positions have to pay a subscription fee so that they can access the screened opportunities.

Company Services Offered

Robert Half Exclusive agreements with some companies. Job seekers post resumes

Salary guide

Workplace trends analysis

CareerBuilder Several search criteria including location and salary

Indeed Consolidates listings from other websites and offers local and global search criteria

Job.com Job seekers upload resumes for employers to look through, but not posted on the website

Ladders Managerial positions for a subscription.

The online job board that I have chosen to advertise with is Robert Half. Many job seekers flock to the site, and I am confident that we will find the best candidate there. The salary guide will also help the company and the candidate reconcile their expectations. From the hundreds of resumes already posted, I am confident that I will meet many candidates uniquely qualified. Other benefits include the analysis of workplace trends. We as employers can keep up with current market trends including the shift towards online marketing. The search for potential employees and employers has been made much more comfortable and faster with the popularity of online job boards. People from all over the globe can look for a job from the comfort of their computers.

References

Jansen, B. J., Jansen, K. J., & Spink, A. (2005). Using the web to look for work: Implications for online job seeking and recruiting. Internet research, 15(1), 49-66.

Locander, D. A., Weinberg, F. J., & Locander, W. B. (2018). The Mediating Role of Sales Department Innovation Orientation on Creative Selling. Journal of Managerial Issues, 30(4), 463-403.

Jefferson republican v. Hamilton federalist

Jefferson republican v. Hamilton federalist

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Jefferson Republican v. Hamilton federalist

At around the 1990s, a conflict between the Republicans and Federalists parties took a new shape. By then, Alexander Hamilton was the Federalist leader while Thomas Jefferson was leading the Republicans. The two parties were reasonably consistent; their following was relatively stable and fashionable, and continuing organizations. Interests of trade and manufacturing were the primary concern for the Federalists since they saw them as the driving forces of progress in the world. Hamilton and his fellow Federalists believed that establishing a strong and capable central government could have seen them advance. The government was to create a stable currency as well as establishing sound public credit. In other words, Hamilton yearned for a centralized government with extensive powers, more profoundly in the executive. On the contrary, Thomas Jefferson was anticipating a minimum central government, where the state controls the majority of its power . Jefferson and Hamilton served as Secretary of State and Secretary of the Treasury, respectively, in President George Washington administration. The aims at expounding on similarities and differences of the Federalists and Republicans about social economic and political philosophies.

Alexander Hamilton was arguably the brainchild of ideology and public policy for the Federalists even though he was unsuccessful in mastering the widespread appeal to vie for an elective office. The quest for efficiency, order, and organization is what Hamilton brought to public life. The House of Representatives called Hamilton to respond on the matter relating to adequate support for public credit. His strategy was committed and supported public economy policies and effective government. Hamilton was keen at pinpointing how their industrial development and commercial activity deserved credit and that the people should have complete faith and support on government operations . A large number of people wanted to repudiate the Confederation’s national debt or even recompense a significant part of it. Instead, Hamilton emphasized full repayment based on the federal government plan concerning the state’s unpaid debts incurred at the time of Revolution. All the measures aimed to place the federal government on a firm foundation inspired commerce and industry, and the national government was firmly behind the creation of a solid phalanx of interests. The New England State was its political stronghold.

Thomas Jefferson and his fellow Republicans primarily concentrated and spoke about agricultural interests and values. His regime distrusted bunkers, give little attention to commerce and manufacturing, and that a rural society with self-sufficient farmers could flourish democracy and freedom the best . There was little need for a stable administration in their view; they saw a strong central government as a potential source of oppression. Republicans drew their support from the South. Hamilton aimed a more elaborate and efficient organization since he was afraid of anarchy. In the early stages of the French Revolution, Jefferson served as a minister to France and looked to unseat the French monarchy as the redemption of the enlightenment liberal ideals. Shortly after Jefferson assumed the office as secretary of state, the clash between the two orchestrated a new and profoundly important Constitution interpretation. As Hamilton was introducing his bill to create a national bank, Jefferson strongly opposed and argued that all the powers belonging to the federal government were expressly enumerated by the constitution and reserved the other power to the states . In other words, the federal government had no power to set up a bank.

To summarize, the Republicans under the leadership of Jefferson held an ambivalent take on slavery as they believed the institution was immoral. Jefferson was, however, hypocritical on the same as he objected immediate release of all slaves regarding economic grounds. In his lifetime, he managed to free only two slaves and privately advocated the colonization of domestic slaves. Also, Hamilton was passionately against institutions of slavery, but a conflict of interest always stood whenever his central political tenet concerning property rights and prompted Hamilton to allow those motivations . The two parties held similar opinions concerning slavery. The fact that both Federalists and Republicans antislavery words were barely the empty partisan rhetoric aimed at gaining control over the national government led to the slavery debate in the Antebellum period.

Bibliography

“50 Core Documents That Tell America’s Story – Teaching American History”. 2020. Teaching American History. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/collections/50-core-documents/.

2020. Constitutionfacts.Com. https://www.constitutionfacts.com/content/constitution/files/Constitution_BillOfRights.pdf.

2020. Liberalarts.Utexas.Edu. https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/coretexts/_files/resources/texts/c/1787%20Federalist%20No%2010.pdf.

adress, User, and U.S. Senate. 2020. “User Clip: Washington’s Farewell Adress”. C-SPAN.Org. https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4300716/user-clip-washingtons-farewell-adress.

Malone, Kathryn R., James Madison, Robert A. Rutland, and Thomas A. Mason. 1983. “The Papers Of James Madison, Vol. 14: 6 April 1791-16 March 1793”. Journal Of The Early Republic 3 (4): 488. doi:10.2307/3122890.

Jazz artist – Miles Davis

Jazz artist – Miles Davis

Bibliography

Chambers, J., & Chambers, J. K. (1983). Milestones. University of Toronto Press.

The reference is about the invaluable biography of Miles Davis who was an American trumpeter as well as a jazz composer. Miles was born in the year 1926 and died in the year 1991. The reference includes a substantial new introduction of the last decade of the Jazz composer. The drawing and the painting that became an additional creative outlet. It also talks of the musical lows of Miles final Freaky Deaky years. It as well talks about the family warfare that came up over Miles last will and testament as well as the truth regarding Miles autobiography.

Cole, G. (2007). The last Miles: the music of Miles Davis, 1980-1991. University of Michigan Press.

The reference talks about the music of Mile Davis. Cole examines the music and makes a compilation of various albums that he has incorporated in his list such as Siesta, You’re Under Arrest and the ‘The Man with the Horn’ that are in the attic of London Times.

Coleman, K. T. (2014). The” Second Quintet”: Miles Davis, the Jazz Avant-garde, and Change, 1959-68 (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).

The reference talks about Miles Davis and his music and his journey to recording a new ensemble. The tour and record began four years before 1963 after the recoding of the album King of Blue which was one of his most successful albums. So much had changed and therefore he wanted to give his audience as well as introducing them to a free improvised ‘new thing’ in the Jazz music, this marked the emergence of the Avant-garde.

Davis, M., & Troupe, Q. (1990). Miles. Simon and Schuster.

The reference talks about Miles biography. It says that Miles Davis had been in the top ranking of the American music for more than 40 years. The reference recognizes Miles as a musical genius, one of the most significant and influential musicians in the globe. The article as well touches on the subject of the controversial biographies, with Miles speaking out himself about his extraordinary life. Miles speaks for the first time holding nothing back. In this article, Miles talks about racism as well as his drug problem as well as how he was able to encounter it.

Henry, C. B. (2017). Miles Davis: A Research and Information Guide. Routledge.

The reference talks about the various researches that were carried in search of information regarding Miles Davis. The research and information guide has been compiled with Miles information that is generated from various sources that include the university and college catalog holdings, world catalog, domestic and international archival centers as well as the Library of Congress Catalog.

Leubner, B. (2010). Clawing at the Limits of Cool: Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and the Greatest Jazz Collaboration Ever. Critical Studies in Improvisation/Études critiques en improvisation, 6(1).

The reference talks about the greatest collaboration between Miles Davis and John Coltrane that was in the mid to late 1950s. The collaboration occurred in two stages, having a significant break during 1957 at the time when Coltrane played with Thelonious Monk. The article says that one of the greatest things that came along with the collaboration between Davis and Coltrane was that eventual Monk and Coltrane collaboration.

Purser, R. E., & Montuori, A. (1994). Miles Davis in the classroom: Using the jazz ensemble metaphor for enhancing team learning. Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 21-31.

The reference article talks about Miles Davis’ music and how it has been used in schools. The article reveals how the jazz composition is a use of metaphor that does not suppress individual creativity. The article also reveals that the jazz ensemble demands higher degree of interpersonal sensitivity as well as the cooperation between a group. The utilization of the jazz ensemble metaphor for groups tend to be demonstrated via the application of a novel experiential exercise that involve the students in listening a cut of the jazz sextet of Miles Davis. The article reveals that the learning exercise provides an opportunity for the students to simulate the conditions that facilitate dialogue.

Szwed, J. (2004). So what: the life of Miles Davis. Simon and Schuster.

The reference talks of the life of Miles Davis, a musical genius, visionary artist as well as an enigma to whom even after his death continues to loom large as a cultural icon. The reference is a new biography that was developed since the death of the jazz musical icon Miles Davis. The author draws on the various archives and the interviews that had not been published before with the people who knew Davis producing the richest and most revealing portrait of the icon. The musician went through various transformations before he became the image of cool. He was the son of Miles Davis III a dentist from Illinois.

Journal Entry Grading Scale

Journal Entry Grading Scale

Journal Entries are graded on a 5-point scale. Below is an explanation of what is required to earn the full 5 points.

Points Requirements

5 points Fully answers the question in a thought-provoking and interesting way

Explains the theory with quotes from the book and provides a superior explanation of what the theory says and what it means for interpersonal communication

Offers a detailed communication example that focuses on the communication event/behavior

Explains how the example is related to the theory and how the theory helps to explain/understand what happened in the example

Written communication is polished, descriptive, vivid, and exceptionally clear

Well written paragraphs and easy to follow

No typos, grammatical errors, or spelling errors

4 points Answers the question at a basic level but doesn’t provide enough details or critical thought. Questions are not answered directly.

Explains the theory and shows some understanding of it without quotes from the book

Offers an example that may or may not be communication related and lacks necessary details

Fails to explain how the example is connected to the theory or how the theory helps to explain/understand the example

Written well, but lacks organization

No typos, grammatical errors, or spelling errors

3 points Fails to fully answer the question

Theory is mentioned but not explained well, nor does it show an understanding of the theory. Or, quotes the book.

Offers a brief example that lacks details and a communication connection

Example does not relate to theory in any way and no attempt is made to connect theory to example

Written communication is difficult to follow and includes grammatical errors, punctuation errors and typos. Lacks full paragraphs.2 points Part of the question is left out, either theory discussion or example

Theory is not explained or is not discussed at all

Example lacks detail or is not offered at all

Relationship between example and theory is not discussed at all

Written communication is poor and full of errors

1 point An assignment turned in that does not meet ANY criteria for assignment or address the questions given in any way

Poor written communication, typos, spelling errors, and grammatical errors

SAMPLE Journal Entry Answers

Journal Entry Requirements:

Define the theory from the chapter in your words. Do NOT quote from the book.

Give a personal Interpersonal Communication-based example or story of this theory in action. Focus on the communication between you are the relationship partner. Make sure to give me details so I can imagine what it would be like if I was there and watching your communication. Think about this as a script, dialogue can help.

Discuss how the theory helps to explain what happened in your story/example. Does the example follow what the theory suggests or does the example go against the theory?

Discuss how Culture and Gender influences Interpersonal Communication and how these issues work within your story.

Discuss how this story helps explain how communication helps us build and maintain interpersonal relationships.

Sample Journal Entry Question: Give an example of a situation when you explained someone else’s behavior. Examine how you used attribution theory – specifically examine external attributes, chance, and internal attributes. Did you make a fundamental attribution error? Why or why not?

5 point answer:Attribution theory helps us examine why people communicate or behave in the way they do. So, attribution theory helps us better understand communication events. People often find themselves in situations that lead them to attempt to explain the unusual behavior of another person. When this happens, we look at external attributes, chance, and internal attributes. External attributes offer a reason for the communication that is outside of the person’s personality, such as someone being too busy or being sick. Internal attributes are when the communication is the result of someone’s personality or who they are. For example, someone might just be always late or isn’t kind. Chance is when neither internal or external attributes happen and can be confusing to understand. Sometimes we can mis-attribute a reason for a communication behavior. We call this a fundamental attribution error, and it happens often when we blame an internal cause when it’s really an external cause. For example, if someone doesn’t respond to a text and we think they are mad at us (internal), but in reality, this person is sick (external).

One example of this from my life is when my friend, John, was at our fraternity’s tailgate and was acting more obnoxious than he usually does.  John is a rather off-the-wall and free-minded fellow, but in this situation, he was clearly acting out for a purpose.  I had to explain to a couple of my fraternity brothers that the reason John was acting ridiculous was because the girl that he was dating recently ended things with him, and she happened to be at the tailgate that day.  Clearly, John was acting out because her presence at the tailgate made him uncomfortable.  Also, there was a bit of alcohol in his system, so that also could have been a valid cause for his behavior.  These two causes would be considered external attributes because they are situational factors that influenced his behavior, and this was beyond his normal behavior.  I went on to tell my brothers that I honestly wasn’t sure how long the behavior would last or if it would happen again at next week’s tailgate, because I had no idea what his romantic situation would look like in the future.  This is an example of using chance to explain his behavior.  But based on his internal attributes though, knowing that John is naturally a pretty crazy, obnoxious guy, and that his behavior in this situation was more extreme than his normal nonsense, I could guess that if this did happen in the future, he might act the same way.  I do not believe that I made a fundamental attribution error, as I was careful not to overestimate the internal factors of his behavior while attempting to explain his behavior. His internal factors were not different than normal, just more intense. The external factors of his breakup were clearly causing the intense behavior.

Attribution theory is an important part of the perception process and helps us understand communication events. Attribution theory helps us make a quick decision about what is going on, so we know how to communicate in that situation. We have to be careful and make sure we are not making fundamental attribution errors. Often our perception, and the attributions we make through perception, can be clouded by both gender and culture issues. Perception and attribution theory use stereotypes. And while stereotypes are helpful, they can also be influenced by gender and cultural issues, so we have negative stereotypes. In order to keep from making attribution errors and using our perception in the wrong way, we must be aware of the stereotypes we use and how to make sure we are not using bias stereotypes. If we don’t do this, our relationships will suffer because we can have misunderstandings. Using self-reflection and empathy can help us make sure we use attribution theory correctly, so we don’t damage our relationships.

4 point answer: Example 1: People often find themselves in situations that lead them to attempt to explain the unusual behavior of another person.  One example of this from my life is when my friend, John, was at our fraternity’s tailgate and was acting more obnoxious than he usually does.  John is a rather off-the-wall and free-minded fellow, but in this situation he was clearly acting out for a purpose.  I had to explain to a couple of my fraternity brothers that the reason John was acting ridiculous was because the girl that he was dating recently ended things with him, and she happened to be at the tailgate that day.  Clearly, John was acting out because her presence at the tailgate made him uncomfortable.  Also, there was a bit of alcohol in his system, so that also could have been a valid cause for his behavior.  These two causes would be considered external attributes because they are situational factors that influenced his behavior.  I went on to tell my brothers that I honestly wasn’t sure how long the behavior would last or if it would happen again at next week’s tailgate, because I had no idea what his romantic situation would look like in the future.  This is an example of using chance to explain his behavior. 

But based on his internal attributes though, knowing that John is naturally a pretty crazy, obnoxious guy, and that his behavior in this situation was more extreme than his normal nonsense, I could guess that if this did happen in the future, he might act the same way.  I do not believe that I made a fundamental attribution error, as I was careful not to overestimate the internal factors of his behavior while attempting to explain his behavior. His internal factors were not different than normal, just more intense. The external factors of his breakup were clearly causing the intense behavior.

3 point answer:

Chapter 4 defines the attribution theory as: The dominant theory that explains how people explain their own and others’ behavior.  There are three basic assumptions to the attribution theory:

That it is natural for people to attempt to establish the causes of their own and others’ behavior.

That people assign causes for behavior systematically.

That the attribution impacts the perceiver’s feelings and subsequent behavior

I remember one time, not too long ago, my friend and I were supposed to go to lunch because I had not seen her in a long time.  We had a resturaunt picked out and a time to be there.  I showed up at the resturaunt at the designated time, but she was not there.  I waited for her for about an hour, and then gave up and left.  When I tried calling, she never answered and I did not hear from her the next 2 days.  I called one of my team mates to tell her about the incident.  I told my team mate that it is usually not like this friend of mine to not show up.  I told her that she is typically extremely loyal and if she says she is going to be somewhere at a certian time, she shows up.  I also mentioned to her that she is very talkative and outgoing and would not fail to communicate with me if something had come up, or changed.  I started then to jump to conclusions about maybe her getting into an accident, or maybe her car breaking down or something like that.  My team mate, who also knew this friend agreed with me.  She also said that it was not like her not to show up.  She is a very trustworthy person who keeps her word.  When I was finally able to talk to my friend, it turned out that she had dropped her phone in the toilet, locked herself out of her house, and was having car problems.  She apologized for not getting in touch with me, but explained that after everything that happened that day, she just wanted to relax and do nothing.  Understanding completely, I simply told her that it was perfectly fine, and we ended up going to lunch together the following week.

2 point answer:Example 1: When Larry gets really quite, I immediately thinks something wrong or he’s aggravted by something. So I continue to bug him and ask whats wrong until he confrims that its absolutely nothing. 

I used attribution theory is this example by explaining my behavior when being mad at something. The external attributes are taking in to consideration that the behavor may be because he’s mad. So taking the situation into consideration that caused this behavior is apart of external attributes.

Yes, I made a fundmental attribution error because just because he not saying anything doean’t necessarily mean hes upset about something or by someone. It can also mean that he just has nothing to say or that he’s just really into whenever it is he doing and watching.  

Example 2: My best friend in high school was always the life of the party. She loved to have a good time and everyone really enjoyed her company. Of course I loved her dearly, but when she would get mad she would always take everything out on me. I never understood why she would do that. It wasn’t like she would get just a little angry, she would get angry to the point of a blood vessel popping out in her forehead (which of course I would point out in attempt to lighten the mood). No one ever saw this side of her though. Anytime we wanted to go out or do something, it would always be an ordeal. She never liked how she looked. She would say she was ugly and constantly talked about how “fat” she thought she was. I thought it was crazy! She was in NO way fat. Anything I said was not what she wanted to hear. All this anger she had started to make me feel like she hated me. I felt like I could not say or do anything right. Everytime I saw her I did not know what kind of mood she would be in. Once I started dating this guy, it became even worse. In her mind I never had enough time for her and I just completely forgot about our friendship. I was so confused! She yells at me, she loves me, she hates me, we are best friends, I was losing my mind. I did not know what to do anymore. Finally, I decided enough was enough. We sat down and talked and it was that moment that everything made sense. She did not hate me, in fact, I was the best friend she had ever had. She lost her father at a really young age and because of that, it has always been hard for her to get close to people. She had some anger problems because of what she went through. I began to understand how to react to her. I knew what to say and what not to say. We are still best friends to this day. It was difficult but all relationships are. My father passed away and no one was able to help and understand me like she was. Trying to figure out and understand people’s characteristics is difficult. Most of the time we can’t truely determine why someone is the way they are. Life happens and with that situations happens. You never understand something until you have personally been through it.

1 point answer:once I got in fight with shane. He was like mad at me and I dont evan no why. we stop talking after that time and we still dont talk anymore.

Journal entry 7

Journal entry 7

Antigone is an idealistic character caught between doing what is morally right or obeying political laws. Antigone finds herself in this position after Creon prohibits the burial of one of her brothers. Based on the play, it is apparent that Antigone prioritizes the laws of the gods, and her desire to bury her brother, who was named a traitor, stems from her strong sense of family loyalty. Unlike Antigone’s priorities, her sister’s and uncle’s priorities are focused on political expediency hence their unrelenting stance in going against the laws of the gods. The conflict between Antigone and Creon results in the tragic demise of Antigone and multiple family members related to her. Creon also regrets his choices and laments that everything he has touched has amounted to nothing. Antigone is a tale that highlights the differences between political laws and moral laws and calls to attention the need for people to prioritize morals. While both Antigone and Creon ended up losing a lot, their choices highlight the possible implications of following either moral laws or political laws. While Antigone’s demise is tragic, I believe that the play highlights the limitations of political laws. For instance, Creon’s laws are dictatorial as they disregard human ties. As a result, Creon’s disregard for Antigone’s family obligations results in the loss of his own family. The play also reveals the complexity of life. It challenges the audience to stand for what is right as opposed to blindly following laws that judge people’s actions on an unrealistic dual system of black and white.

Journal Entry 1 – Chapter 3 Communication and the Self

Journal Entry 1 – Chapter 3 Communication and the Self

For all individuals, communication is key in determining who an individual really is, and therefore, it helps define oneself. The presence of social media has increased our communications with one another, not only with families but also with friends. These platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, have helped us identify our public self, in that we opt to show a particular part of ourselves to the public while keeping that which we don’t want to be seen in private. Based on this, we choose to disclose some things which we perceive as relevant in relational development. How we communicate and perceive ourselves tends to affect our self-esteem – the evaluations of self-worth; therefore, it affects how we communicate with those around us.

Self-concept is defined as the relatively stable set of perceptions that an individual holds about themselves. This implies that self-concept is crucial in determining our personalities, including attributes of whom an individual is in their normal mood states, likes, dislikes, special talents, or roles. An individual’s personality determines their self-worth, which means how individuals feel about certain qualities may have to do with their self-esteem. I believe that the type of parenting affects both the self-concept and self-esteem of an individual as they grow, and this means that the childhood of a person is essential in shaping their self-worth. Authoritative parenting allows very little interaction of their children as they live in a controlled environment. However, there are democratic parents who allow their children freedom to do as they wish; they trust their children to make major decisions about themselves and make them responsible for their choices. Such a child grows to have strong self-worth and self-esteem compared to a child who had no freedom to choose.

Children brought in authoritative parenting will always look for approval from others as they don’t know how it is like to be independent. However, an individual with a strong self-concept and self-esteem tends to have positive thoughts, which they use to develop desirable behaviors. If a person feels good about themselves, they pose positive expectations about how they will communicate with those around them. There is a high likelihood that their communications will be successful. Having successful communication can help an individual develop positive evaluations of self, which increases their level of self-esteem. Therefore, positive evaluations can be a key determinant as well as a beginning for developing positive communications with others. Communications cannot be successful if the wrong strategy is applied; therefore, if an individual wants to improve how other people perceive them, they have to devise a strategy that will impress others. Based on this, impression management is another key element in developing conversations as it helps increase thoughtfulness, self-awareness, honesty, and understanding of personal emotions. However, impressions need to be guided by authenticity. Therefore, it is important for an individual to be self-aware of themselves before engaging in a conversation so that they don’t play the role that is not theirs.

Thoughtfulness and being an efficient listener help understand the other person’s perspective. Therefore, it is essential that before conversing back, an individual should evaluate the consequences of their feedback to avoid negative implications that could ruin relationships with others. Being conscious and thoughtful can improve personal relationships with others. Self-disclosure is also an important part of effective communication as it helps reveal information about the self to another person. It can be used to bring a sense of psychological belief, making an individual feel better when they get a burden out of their chest. However, if an individual is not careful in self-disclosure, they might spill too much information that could be toxic and thus lead to rejection. Therefore, it is essential to understand the limits and disclose only information whose damage can be controlled to ensure effective communication. A close observation of these rules can help an individual better understand the self.

References

Chapter 3 in Adler, R. B., Rosenfeld, L. B., & Proctor II, R. F. (2018). Interplay: The process of interpersonal communication (p. 504) Oxford University Press, New York.

Journal Article Summary

Journal Article Summary

Student’s name

Institutional Affiliation

Background

The journal article is titled “Psychologists Report Large Increase in Demand for Anxiety and Depression Treatment.” The survey was conducted by Sophie Bethune located at the institution of the American Psychological Association. The journal published on November 17th, 2020 builds upon a previous research conducted on the same subject in June 2020. In terms of age group, the study was conducted among practicing psychologists in the early, mid, and late stages of their careers. The survey which took place between August 28th and October 2020 can be described as a correlational study. It is a correlational study because it adopts a non-experimental approach whereby the researcher studies two variables and analyzes the statistical relationship that exists between them with little control of extraneous variables (Xiao, Carney, Youn, Janis, Castonguay, Hayes, & Locke 2017). The approach to research in this study is purely descriptive and does not rely heavily on hypothesis formulation and testing as in scientific research.

Summary of Methodology

The article focuses on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the increased cases of patients with depression-related conditions and the changes to the service delivery to patients by practicing psychologists. According to the survey, about six months into the pandemic, many psychologists admitted to seeing more patients presenting with depression and anxiety according to the Telehealth Practitioner Survey on covid-19 done by the American Psychological Association. In regards to methodology, the practitioner survey was disseminated to a sample that was geographically representative of practicing psychologists in the USA including both members and non-members of the American Psychological Association. Worth noting, the fieldwork of this survey took place from August 28th, 2020 to 5th October 2020. Out of the total number of psychologists reached, a total of 1787 responded to the survey. Noteworthy, the sample was a non-probability sample hence it is impossible to compute the margins of error or confidence intervals.

Summary of Results

Data collected from the survey confirmed the institution’s worst fear, that the pandemic was taking a heavy emotional toll on Americans. This is according to the institution’s Chief Executive Officer. In responding to the unprecedented mental health crisis, most psychologists were getting more referrals, seeing more patients and experiencing fewer cancellations. Further, it was noted that more psychologists had embraced telehealth as they began treating patients remotely. Results from the September survey indicated that most psychologists reported seeing an increased number of patients with depressive disorders accounting for 60% and anxiety disorders accounting for 74% compared to before the pandemic began. Moreover, other treatments that recorded a significant increase in patients included sleep-wake disorder and stress-related disorder. Additionally, according to the survey, 37% of the psychologists which accounts for more than one-third of the total psychologists revealed that they received more patient referrals compared to before the pandemic. Moreover, 44% admitted to recording fewer cancellations or no-shows. The survey further revealed that compared to pre-covid days, 43% of psychologists said that they were attending to the same number of patients, 29% said they were attending to more clients, and 28% reported seeing fewer patients. Most psychologists reported that they did not see any notable changes in the patient variations recorded with specific ethnic and racial groups. However, 9% of psychologists reported an increase in attending to patients of Asian origin while 11% recorded an increase in seeing African American patients. Further, 19% of the psychologist reported attending to White patients and 8% revealed they were seeing more patients with Hispanic patients. 21% of the psychologist revealed that they were attending to more adolescents aged 13-17 after the covid-19 pandemic while 29% revealed that were attending to more adults between 18 and 64 years. Moreover, revealed that 17% attended the older adult patients between 65-79 years while 30% noted that they attended to fewer children that were below 13 years. 63% of the psychologist treated all patients remotely while 32% conducted in-person treatment. Worth noting, 63% of the psychologist reported remote treatment to be more challenging than in-person treatment, 26% recorded a fair amount of challenges, 58% reported few challenges while 16% experienced no challenges relating to telehealth.

Questions Raised by the Study

This study raises the question of the direction that health service delivery is taking and the need to invest and employ technology as a tool to improve community health. Without a doubt, the covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented issue that prompted us to seek alternative ways to health care delivery. When the pandemic emerged, doctors had to e creative to ensure they went on with their work without exacerbating the spread of the virus. Although telehealth is challenging, the pandemic has taught us that it is doable. The focus now should be on devising ways to make the telehealth experience better and even adopting it as a means of treatment even after the pandemic is over. There is need to invest in policy formulations to regulate telehealth services.

References

Xiao, H., Carney, D. M., Youn, S. J., Janis, R. A., Castonguay, L. G., Hayes, J. A., & Locke, B. D. (2017). Are we in crisis? National mental health and treatment trends in college counseling centers. Psychological services, 14(4), 407.