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Kuder Assessment

Kuder Assessment

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

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Kuder Assessments

Introduction

Kuder assessments are a significant career test developed by Dr. Fredrick Kuder in 1938. The Kuder assessments are the best due to their validity and reliability. The interests and passion in a particular career are suitable for the Kuder assessments. This assessment is an occupational interest inventory designed to test one’s relative levels of interest in different occupational areas like mechanical and social services. My Kuder assessment was taken from Career Assessment | Career Development System | Kuder

Experience doing Kuder Assessment

The career assessment consisted of about 90 questions .it only took me 15 minutes to evaluate myself. I was able to see a summary and career recommendations. I can confess that the test was more than just a filled-out sheet. It gave me a jump start in choosing law as my career path that filled my interests and allowed me to match my personality in practicing law in broad.

While undertaking my Kuder assessment, I understood that it’s easy to be misled without a critical thinking assessment. Doing this assessment helped me to analyze and synthesize information. I have encountered so many people who constantly question me on my best area of skills and career. Awkwardly, I did not have a genuine and sincere response to give them. Kuder assessment provided a wide range of tests, encompassed to give forth defined results for the entire assessment – this helped me understand my area of interest and the skills I am good at, thus my career. Kuder assessment has been essential as it has helped me acquire skills to evaluate the information and draw conclusions that can be supported.

The Kuder test was based on testing my extroversion without necessarily using emotions. I can assert that it has helped with conscientiousness and openness to acquiring more experience. I was motivated by the test questions, which improved my power, independence, and recognition of the law.

The Kuder test was easy to undertake due to the personality type indicator. I understood that some people are intuition, thinking, and judging-oriented in law. The achievement of the result helped in testing my integrity as well. I realized that the Kuder test helps teach someone to always show honesty, dependability, and respect in the law room to be a competitive lawyer.

After every Kuder test, it is notable that the use of these tests when hiring for positions that require high levels of responsibility or reliability plays a vital role. For instance, in law firms, various persons must be able to make a sound judgment; as a lawyer am trading my client’s freedom for credits. Therefore, I have to defend them without making wrong decisions that might cause them life in imprisoned or huge court fines. I need to secure future jobs also to grow as well.

Interpretation of the Assessment Test

After undergoing the Kuder assessment, the upshot showed that being a lawyer is my premier career. I value law observance and maintaining peace and order by solving disputes between my friends. Besides, I have depicted a cohesive ability to fight off and give remedial resolutions to adversarial circumstances. My judgment resulted in being able to relate different scenarios and make a judgment that is not biased but based on facts and evidence.

The grade attained in Law observance related questions was 66%, Compelling judgment resulted in 53% of the same, fighting off adversarial circumstances was at 30%, Interpreting law was 28%, and solving disputes 20%. The result showed that my choice purse was not poor but stood for more learning law,

The Kuder assessment test helped in measuring the level of skills that I have already required. The primary criminal law questions sharpen the decision-making process in making wise judgments, as shown in the appendix. The assessment test’s performance reflects the current knowledge of the law.

How the assessment could be Useful in Career mentorship

The use of the Kuder assessment by career counselors could be helpful to help students clarify their interests and career decisions. The evaluation of the career choice is categorized into a different level of interest: Realistic; with this level, the student must represent things in a way that is accurate and real to life in choosing their profession. Some have to be investigative in that they will be entailed to search for ascertaining facts with the choices. The rest are Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

Comprehensively, the Kuder assessment I took could be integrated into career counseling to determine people’s skills and areas of interest. In schools and colleges, the assessment can be used to establish the best career a student should take to avoid inconveniences in choosing a career. In career counseling, clients will clearly understand their areas of interest and skills, thus enabling them to choose a career field that best utilizes their prowess. Fellow lawyers can also use the Kuder assessment to adopt skills in defending clients without making assumptions in courtrooms.

As it’s the main goal of the developers of this Kuder test, this test will help to mentor young people to determine the tasks they already have experience doing and check their confidence in accomplishing those tasks. In addition, it will be beneficial to teach them how to strive to be the best, challenge them to learn new skills, and believe in them that they can learn new tasks.

Kuder’s assessment has the most straightforward question that can quickly gain insights and explore a range of career and education options for the youth who are still confused about their potential in deciding what profession to practice and grow. Research has shown that most young minds choose the wrong careers due to insufficient information and guidance. But with the Kuder assessment, many people can now choose and make decisions that will satisfy them. The system is well equipped to empower students after high school education to make a successful transition that has no regrets soon. The better part is that it also measures personal style and occupational compatibility.

The Kuder assessment could also help eliminate moral dangers faced by young people. It will work well in dealing with ambiguity and eliminating wasteful conflicts that prevent them from acting. Further, it will help counsel morally courageous actions that may result in a damaged reputation and a loss of income and employment. When not dealt with in time.

Ethical Dilemmas

While completing the Kuder assessment, I merely encountered ethical dilemmas because I answered the questions based on the critical thinking skills I had acquired in the class. I found it easy to make solid arguments and analyze available information. Despite the overwhelming tests and questions, I strived to be cautious not to violate or demean moral standards. My answers were based on a general self-conduction of my skills and interests in law only. The test was between

Conclusion

Kidder’s assessment examines individuals’ areas of interest by assisting in figuring out their strongholds and applying critical thinking skills constructively. Notably, the Kuder assessment poses substantial benefits in career counseling by enabling one to identify people’s skills and interests.

To sum up, applying the Kuder assessment contributes to shaping one’s moral values. This test compromises one’s character and core values in choosing the right career. It allows one to understand that you decide to do what you have passion for and right in the true face of absolute loss. One has to know that career choice is an act that corrects a problem in our community. Lawyer defending the exportation of the poor by the rich is a good example. Therefore, the Kuder assessment prepares people to know where they stand in being resourceful for the good of the community’s morals.

References

Landherr, R. E. (2019). The relationship between the Kuder Career Assessment and program completion at Chippewa Valley Technical College (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Stout).

Appendix

Kuder Assessment Results

The results of your career test are in. Here they are:

Personal skills and interest: Law

Traits: Law observance- 66%, Compelling judgment – 53%, Fight off adversarial circumstances- 30%, Interpreting law- 28%, Solving disputes- 20%

Role: Lawyer

Strategy: Social Relations

Kristina Martinez is a twenty three year old white woman who is experiencing depression and anxiety

Kristina Martinez

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Kristina Martinez is a twenty three year old white woman who is experiencing depression and anxiety. She is a student, and from what I saw, she is well grounded. However, she came to me with complains that she is experiencing anxiety and depression which seemed to stem from the fact that she had recently delivered a baby, with a father who was not helpful at all. She is still in school and she struggles to be an excellent mother and student. When she is at school, her boyfriend sometimes looks after her daughter, but other times her parents are forced to do it. She worries when she lives the baby with the father, and she is worried about overburdening her parents.

Kristina came to the clinic with a number of problems she needed help addressing. One of the main problems that seemed prominent, however, was the fact that she was suffering from depression and anxiety, as a result, of the numerous duties and responsibilities she had to deal with since the birth of her child. My patient implied that she was anxious about the behavior of her boyfriend and father of her child who was not showing enough initiative towards taking care of their baby. From what she implied, it was clear that she was anxious about her future and that of her baby, in addition to the relationship she has with the father of her child.

To manage Kristina’s depression and anxiety, or to eliminate it, I sought to develop two categories of goals, both short and long term. I was going to reduce her depression and anxiety by helping her cope with the stress she was experiencing at school and, to improve her relationship with the father of her child, who now will be in her life for a long time. These two form the short and long-term goals I planned for the patient. The goals will help direct the therapy and treatment plan. One of the main long-term goals the treatment should establish is to make sure that Kristina is able to develop and improve relationships that are meaningful with those around her. The short-term goal of her treatment is that these long-term goals will be broken into smaller goals and steps that are manageable. The goals that Kristina and I develop must be achieved through breaking them into smaller and manageable steps.

After establishing these goals, it is essential to come up with manageable intervention plans for Kristina. To help her realize these goals, I explained to her that she was an excellent mom and there was no reason why she would not be in future because she had taken excellent care of her baby since her birth. I also pointed out that she had enough family support to help her with the baby. I also pointed out that she was the one in control of her relationship with her boyfriend, although she had to make sure that the relationship was a healthy one. I applauded her strength for taking care of the baby and for going on with her education. One of the things that I pointed out to her is that she is capable and strong and has already surpassed her major obstacles. The encouragement and applauding of her efforts seemed to be working on her, as she was extremely receptive. However, just to make sure that she was managing her condition well, I showed her how to do some breathing exercises that she can use whenever she feels overwhelmed. I explained that these would help her relax, for her to attain both her long and short- term goals.

Kristina came to the clinic with a number of problems she needed help addressing.

Kristina Martinez

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Kristina came to the clinic with a number of problems she needed help addressing. One of the main problems that seemed prominent, however, was the fact that she was suffering from depression and anxiety, as a result, of the numerous duties and responsibilities she had to deal with since the birth of her child. The patient implied that she was anxious about the behavior of her boyfriend and father of her child who was not showing enough initiative towards taking care of their baby. From what she implied, it was clear that she was anxious about her future and that of her baby, in addition to the relationship she has with the father of her child.

Though Kristina was depressed, it did not seem bipolar. Depression is a medical condition whereby the affected individual feels sad, hopeless, discouraged, disinterested in life and unmotivated. When these feelings last for a couple of hours or a number of days, the condition is not serious but when they last for weeks then it is possible that the person’s daily activities and health get affected. Anxiety, on the other hand, involves feelings of apprehension and fear, which in serious cases become overwhelming and in most cases interfere with the daily activities of an individual. Anxiety and depression conditions are not similar, though people suffering from depression usually experience symptoms like those indicated for anxiety like irritability, nervousness, and problems concentrating and sleeping. However, many individuals who have depression also have a history of bouts of anxiety (Regier, et al., 1998).

To manage Kristina’s depression and anxiety, or to eliminate it, the counselor has to develop two categories of goals, both short and long term. The goals will help direct the therapy and treatment plan. One of the main long-term goals the treatment should establish is to make sure that Kristina is able to develop and improve relationships that are meaningful with those around her. The short-term goal of her treatment is that these long-term goals will be broken into smaller goals and steps that are manageable. The goals that Kristina and her counselor have developed must be achieved through breaking them into smaller and manageable steps.

After establishing these goals, it is essential to come up with manageable intervention plans for Kristina. There are a number of strategies that are available for individuals suffering from anxiety and depression. For Kristina, one of these treatment plans that can be helpful in managing her anxiety and depression and in helping her attain meaningful relationships is cognitive- behavioral therapy. This form of therapy, if Kristina agrees to use it, can be used to replace her unproductive and negative thought patterns with ones that are more useful and realistic. This therapy treatment focuses on taking specific, manageable steps towards overcoming depression and anxiety, and seeing that one of her short- term goals is to break up her long term goals into steps, this therapy can be extremely useful in helping her achieve her goals (Regier, et al., 1998).

The counselor can use this treatment plan to help Kristina face her fears as part of her recovery. The therapist can, for instance, show her that she is an excellent mother who can take care of her baby and herself even in the absence of her boyfriend. This is one of her major fears that her boyfriend will end up leaving her and she will have to take care of the baby by herself. By showing her that she is capable of doing this with the help of her parents, the counselor can help Kristina overcome her anxiety and depression. Other therapies that the counselor can use on Kristina include problem- solving therapy and interpersonal therapy, which can further help Kristina address her fear and depression (Regier, et al., 1998).

Reference

Regier, D. A. et al. (1998). Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement, 34: 24–28.

Kristen Istria

Kristen Istria

Indeed, that part of the argument also stood out for me. I mean, the irony in it is that even though the government puts in so much effort to ensure we consume food that meets quality standards and is also healthy and nutritious. However, as Americans, we will always find our poison by consuming substandard food and junk, irrespective of all these. Does this mean that we place so much effort on short-term pleasure over long-term safety and health as humans?

Korematsu V. United States

Korematsu V. United States

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Institution

Course Name and Number

Instructor

Date

Korematsu V. United States

The case of Korematsu v. United States is a typical example of outright racism that has been a major concern in the United States and across the world (Bell et al., 2021). For instance, it was unconstitutional for President Roosevelt to associate Japanese-American citizens with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to the extent of relocating them to relocation camps in the name of national security. This is a violation of the civil rights of the Americans of Japanese descent, exposing them to education, health care, and nutrition inadequacies (Sadler, 2019). The president’s decision to send more than 110,000 people to Internment Camps was a clear demonstration of racial prejudice, war madness, and a failed political leadership. As such, it is necessary for the Constitution to restrict presidential powers to prevent situations where the president decides to declare unconstitutional laws on the basis of national security. There should be clear checks and balances that act as watchdogs on the president’s use of power. The Constitution should hold the president liable to their enforcement of the law.

I disagree with Justice Black’s opinion regarding the case of Korematsu v. United States. In his opinion, the relocation of the United States citizens forcefully with the justification that the outcome was deem necessary because of war, and it would be considered unconstitutional during peace time (Bell et al., 2021). Violating the stipulation of the Constitution while upholding on other instances is a double standard, and is unaccepted. If the Constitution recognizes the Internees’ constitutional rights in the time of peace, then it is unlawful to violate them in time of war on the pretext that their ethnicity is similar to those whom the country is at war with.

References

Bell, N., Levy, E., & Sharp, J. (2021). Symposium: Giving Korematsu v. United States A Sober Second Thought. Arkansas Law Review, 74(2), 145.

Sadler, M. (2019). ” I Dissent, Therefore, from this Legalization of Racism:” A Legal Analysis of Korematsu v. United States (1944).

Knee Subluxation

Knee Subluxation

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Institution

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Knee Subluxation

Patellar subluxation syndrome is also referred to as patellar instability. Patella subluxation and dislocation is a disorder that can hinder any and all movement in a person’s knee. This is injury that occurs on the knee cap. In this type of condition, the patella repetitively subluxate and thus puts strain on the patellofemoral joint. It feels like the knee cap keeps shifting from one location to another It can occur during forced straightening of the leg, with kneecap moving from the grove to the outer side of the knee. The cause is also kind of an abnormality according to how our legs were built. There can be under development in inner thigh muscles or overdevelopment in the outer thigh muscles.

Kneecap can occur in a higher place than the usual one may also be knocked-knee or also have underdevelopment of femoral condyle. It is quite key to understand the difference between acute primary patellar and habitual dislocation CITATION Wal08 l 1033 (Walsh, 2008). Acute primary patellar accounts for 2-3% of all cases. Primary or first-time patellar subluxation is the clinical condition that often causes physical disruptions to medial peripatellar structures that were not injure. A common finding between acute, primary and traumatic patellar is leading of the joints space often referred to as hemarthrosis of knee which results from the traumatic damage on medial restraints of patellar.

The patellofemoral joint is where the knee is joined by the femoral condyles and the patella join. Articulation of the patellofemoral function is dependent on the functions of the quadriceps. Its main role is to increase the surface angle that the patellar tendon pulls and thus improving the mechanical functions of the quadriceps in the knee area. The articular surfaces are made up of the patella and the trochlear surface of femoral condyles. The articular cartilage that is located in the medial facet is usually thick when compared to one on lateral facet. However, the articular cartilage on lateral facet is often bigger than one located in the medial facet (Frederick, 2008).

Femoral condyles always tend to project are located just in front of the shaft found in the femur but extends a huge posteriorly. Patellar articular surface is quite small on the medial femoral condyle and larger on the lateral femoral condyle. There is an interior groove which projects from lateral femoral condyle all the way to the patellar groove. This forms the bony surface in the skeletal tissue that we often even feel with our hands. Its role is to prevent lateral subluxation of the patella. In the knee region, we also have the trochlea on the distal end, anterior part of the femur. On the other hand, is the groove which is posteriorly located together with the intercondylar notch of femur. Lastly, there are the lateral faces have greater radius an is more prominent. The movement as well as suspension of the patella is often through active and the passive stabilizers. The passive stabilizers include: capsule of the knee, fascia lata and ligamentum patellae, ligamentum meniscopatia are lateral and medial, ligamentum patellofemoral lateral and medial. Active stabilizers in the other hand include retinaculum, ligamentum patellae, and four heads of the quadriceps.

People who play sports or athletics are associated with patellar dislocation often. It is also quite likely to occur to females in their 20s CITATION DrE05 l 1033 (Dr. Ellison, 2005). Women are more susceptible because of the lax ligaments and genu valgum. Patellar dislocation often come about as a result of a traumatic incident on your knee area including a direct blow to the knee. There are factors however that predisposes an individual into getting patella subluxation including a shallow femoral groove, if one has quadriceps muscles that are weak and if one’s lateral retinaculum or biceps femoris muscles are weak. A dominant predisposing factor will need less trauma for dislocation. The etiology is viewed as a multi-factorial as it is often associated with: imbalance between stronger tissues such as vast lateralis, they are able to overcome weak medial structure such as distal vastus medialis and medial patellofemoral ligament. and lateral reticannulum, reduced osseous constraint from the lateral femoral condyle. Also, etiology is associated with the biomechanical functions such a rotation of tibia and femur and planus and pes.

There are top for causes however that have been known to cause patellar subluxation: the first one is the bone structure, a patellofemoral grove that is rotated or abnormally shallow does not provide a resting location for the stability of the kneecap. Another cause is muscle weakness. Weak muscles especially ones surrounding both the knee and the hip will often control the position of the leg properly. This leads to instability of kneecap. Soft tee malfunction also results in patella subluxation. Tendons and ligaments found in the knee region ought to hold thee kneecap in place. If an individual is flexible such as an athlete or has previously had patellar tracking issues, then their tissue silkily to stretch. They lose the ability to hold the kneecap in place and it thus eventually dislocates. Soft tissue outside the nee is quite too tight, it thus can pull the kneecap from the patellofemoral groove. Finally, poor movement patterns increase likelihood of getting patella subluxation. These movements include jumping or running. They make the knee cap easily susceptible to subluxation CITATION Nel08 l 1033 (D., 2008).

Patella subluxation affects the skeletal system, nervous system, and muscular system. In order to understand how patella dislocation affects the skeletal system, the anatomy is quite important. Knee is considered largest joint in the body. There are ligaments and tendons in place that connect the femur to the skeletal bones on the lower part of the leg. The four main ligaments that are found in the bone act like ropes that hold bones together. The tendons are what connect the bones to the muscles. Quadriceps tendons are what connect the muscles in the thighs to the patella. There are quadriceps tendons that are referred to as patellar retinacula which connects to the tibia and are also important in stabilizing the patella. The patellar tendon is the tendon that gets to stretch from the patella to the tibia.

Patella subluxation almost affect skeletal and the muscular system in a similar way because the bones surrounding the knee are connected to the various muscles including quadriceps muscles. In the skeletal system, the knee is quite important in offering of support to the body. Patella serves two main roles in the body the first is protecting the knee from injuries and secondly it enhances leverage where quadriceps tendons are able to exert on the femur thus improving efficiency. When the patella, which is a skeletal bone gets dislocated the tendons and ligaments that attach from the bone to the muscles are also affected thus causing difficulty in movement. Doing tasks such as kneeling which utilizes muscles become quite impossible.

For the nervous system, palatal subluxation causes effect in terms of the pain it causes. There is a term that has been coined for this pain and it is the Patellofemoral pain syndrome that tend to occur on the anterior part of the knee. The pain may because after the dislocation, the ligaments tear. If one is not able to seek medical attention immediately it may result in the loss of their leg. The role of the nervous system is to transmit impulses including pain from the affected part of the brain to the central nervous system. When one is injured including pain from the knee dislocation, pain gets to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system which in turns leads to an increase in the heart rate resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction happening. The pain is usually intense after the dislocation has occurred but can still persist during the recovery period and thus doctors need to give advice to the patients on the best way they could deal with the pain.

A radiography is often quite important in order to eliminate avulsion and osteochondral fractures. Patellar apprehension test is also usually used whereby the patella ought to provide resistance. Fulkerson and Lysholm scales can differentiate patients with and without recurrent subluxations. MRI test would only be necessary to establish if tendons were torn and in cases of a complete tear, X-Ray is used due to luxation of patella CITATION Non05 l 1033 (JC, 2005). Through X-Ray, MRI and topography, Patella subluxation can be identified by measurement of trochlea groove-tuberosities tibiae distance.

Patella Subluxation is accompanied by various signs and symptoms. Depending on how severe the subluxation is symptoms will vary. Improper tracking of kneecap may not cause any symptoms however, in serious cases, it leads to complete dislocation of the knee cap. Patellar subluxation will always feel like the knee cap is shifting or jamming from its normal location. It causes discomfort when taking part in any activity, there is pain both at the sides of the kneecap and the front. The pain is commonly referred to as patellofemoral pain syndrome. This kind of pain may be the most indicating factor that an individual is suffering from subluxation of the knee. Besides sliding of the kneecap other common symptoms include CITATION Cou17 l 1033 (Cade, 2017)Stiffness that may be felt on the entire leg

Squeaking especially on the patellar area

Pain on the knee which intensifies when in an activity that is as simple as walking. Pain may even be felt when siting down CITATION Cro16 l 1033 (Crossley Kay, 2016)Knees tend to buckle up and they can no longer hold your weigh. This makes it hard to stand or even walk

Cracking sounds or creaking that are felt on the knee. you may hear them while standing up or walking.

When one is diagnosed with patella subluxation the next is to treat it which is the management. Management can be operative or non-operative depending on the severity of the subluxation CITATION Hin111 l 1033 (Hing CB, 2011). In acute lateral patellar dislocation Non-operative management encompasses a multimodal approach which includes use of braces that offer support to knee, pain medication, behavioral education to the patient especially on the do’s and don’ts while on recovery and weight reduction.

Physical therapy revolves around strengthening of the already weakened muscles as well as proprioceptive exercises. In physiotherapy there may be conservative treatment such as the manual therapy. This includes knee and knee mobilization j in order to improve RO of the knee. It may also incorporate combination therapy. This form of therapy focusses on strengthening exercises for hamstrings, quadriceps, muscles of both lower abdomen and hip, adductors and other muscles of the leg [9]. Nit is quite important to use closed kinetic chains as they have great number of advantages when compared to other forms of exercises. Stretching and flexibility aid in the training of hamstrings and quadriceps.

Distal Vastus Medals is another form of muscle strengthening that has been proved to significantly improve functionality of muscles. This form of therapy however has been proved to show little improvement in quadriceps muscle especially to individuals with first-time patellar dislocation. Another important form of management is bracing and reduction. Bracing involves use knee braces that provide knee support, they are often referred to as patellar stabilizers or patellar tracking brace. These braces help in proper movement of the knee and also prevents subluxation. Re-education provides important information to individual and thus a great way of ensuring prevention of patellar subluxation. Behavioral modification and reassurance is applied in order to prepare one of the exercises while in therapy as well as prevent re-dislocation of the patella again.

There are instances where surgery may be necessary in order for a patient to recover. These forms of surgery often involve reconstructing as well as repairing of the lateral stabilizers. In cases where the tendon and ligaments that hold the kneecap in place are torn, reconstructive surgery comes in quite handy. Open lateral repair is a surgical procedure that was first suggested as a possible medical solution by Hughston and Brinker. When there is good amount of tissue, side-to-side anastomosis technique is used in the re-appropriation of the tissue. When vastus laterais is retracted or released it ought to be repaired and mobilized. It is important to understand that there should be presence of good tissue in order for this type of surgery to be successful

At times, tissue quality is not sufficient and thus open lateral repair is not an option, in such cases Open Lateral reconstruction is often considered. Techniques such as utilization of Iliotibial band, patellar tendon or the tensor fascia can be used in the reconstruction. In this techniques the surgeon makes a dissection of about 3-4 cm in length on the affected knee. Lateral aspect of Gerdy’s tubercle is conferred to the distal aspect of IT band, the strip is then utilized in closing of the lateral deficit through joining of lateral patella. Iliotibial band can be attached to the soft tissue or another option may be lacing it through the patellar tunnel. Patellar tendon is often utilized in the reconstruction of the lateral restraints by attaching the patella tendons distally from tibia tubercle and then left without interruption proximally and may include a bone attachment. Patellar tendon can also be reconstructed to the tibia by using suture anchors, or utilizing bone tunnels.

Arthroscopic medal release is another medical procedure that has proved to be useful in treatment of the subluxation of the patella. The first step encompasses diagnostic arthroscopy and then medial release by use of an acrioplasty electrode. Medial retinaculum was divided into two phases, first one involves the pole of patella located superiorly and would transverse distally all the way to anteromedial portal. After the procedure, the patella needs to be shifted laterally at an angle of 50 to 70 degrees of its lateral edge, ensuring any reticular tissue that remains is divided. A final reconstruction is then done over the medial undersurface of the knee as a way of confirming if there is a complete release. Fulkerson procedure is another surgical procedure that involves osteotomy as well as anteremodialization of tibial tubercle with aim of elevating distal pole of patella. This in turn reduces contact of patella with knee during flexion. Its aim is to reduce anterior knee pain as well as reduce degenerative process

Patellar dislocation is quite common in athletes. They can result in direct trauma or low energy twisting mechanisms. They are likely to occur in second decade of life. When ne is brought in doctor’s conduct examinations physically and with the use of radiographs to determine best method to treat patella dislocation It is important to prevent oneself from getting subluxation through use of braces when exercising. Patellar dislocation are awful injuries that result in a lot of discomfort and will disrupts individual’s daily activities. Reoccurrence of patellar dislocation is high once it occurs. An athlete may be unable to go back to sporting once a patella dislocation occurs. Through management however, ne may improve and the chronic pain usually felt is completely reduced.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Cade, C. (2017). A Deeper Look at Various Knee Pathologies in Young Female Athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association, 21.

Callaghan MJ, S. J. (2012). “Patellar taping for patellofemoral pain syndrome in adults”. Cochrane Database, 18(4).

Crossley Kay, M. C. (2016). Patellofemoral Pain. BR J Sports Med Journal, 5, 247-250.

Dr. Ellison, A. E. (2005). Athletic Training and Sports Medicine. New York: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.

Frederick Michels, N. P. (2008). Locked patellar dislocation: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 5, 752-947.

Hing CB, S. T. (2011). Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation. Cochrane Database, 11(9).

Hing CB, S. T. (2011). Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation”.

JC, N. D. (2005). The diagnosis and treatment of medial subluxation of the patella after lateral retinacular release. AM Sports Med Journal, IV (22), 680-686.

Nelitz M, D. D. (2011). The relationship of the distal femoral physics and the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 19, 2067-71.

Walsh, J. H. (2008). Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation. Sanders Publisher.

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Name: _____________________

Objective

To understand Kirchhoff’s circuit rules and use them to determine the currents that flow in various parts of DC circuits.

Overview

Consider a circuit that has many components wired together in a complex array. Suppose you want to calculate the currents in various branches of this circuit. The rules for combining resistors are convenient in circuits made up only of resistors that are connected in series or in parallel. While it may be possible in some cases to simplify parts of a circuit with the series and parallel rules, complete simplification to an equivalent resistance is often impossible. The application of Kirchhoff’s rules can help us to understand complex circuits with more than one battery.

Kirchhoff circuit rules applied to circuits are based on two conservation laws – conservation of energy and conservation of charge. To analyze the circuits, we define few terms:

Branch: A branch is a portion of the circuit in which the current is the same through all the circuit elements.

Junction or Node: A junction in a circuit is a place where two or more wires are connected. It is the point of connection between two or more branches.

Loop: A loop is any closed path in a circuit.

Kirchhoff’s rules:

Junction Rule: The sum of the currents entering a junction equals the sum of the currents leaving out of the same junction. Junction rules is based on charge conservation.

Loop Rule: The sum of the changes in electric potential around a closed loop is zero.

Let us consider the circuit shown below.

Question 1-1: How many unknown currents are flowing in the circuit?

Question 1-2: Mark Junction (or Junctions) on the figure.

We will use PHET simulation Circuit Construction Kit: DC – Virtual Lab (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab)

Open the PHET simulation Circuit Construction Kit: DC – Virtual LabSet-up the circuit shown in the above figure.

Set the resistances values: R1 = 75 W, R2 = 40 W, and R3 = 100 W. Click on the resistor; you will be able to see the value of resistance and then change it using the slider switch.

Choose the following battery voltages: ℇ1=10 V and ℇ2=25 V Take a screenshot after you connect the circuit and paste it.

Question 1-3: Apply Junction rule to one of the junctions. Do you get a different equation when you apply the rule to the other junction?

Equation 1:

Question 1-4: Assuming that the internal resistances of the batteries are negligible, apply loop rule to any two closed loops. Write down the equations for each loop.

Equation 2:

Equation 3:

Solve these three equations for the three unknown currents, I1, I2, and I3 in amperes. Show your calculations below.

Modify the circuit to measure currents flowing through each resistor. You must use ammeter to measure current.

Take a screenshot after you connect ammeters in the circuit and paste it below.

Vary the battery emf E1 and complete the table below:

Calculate the currents flowing through each resistor using Ohm’s law, V = IR

E1(V) E2(V) V1

(V) V2

(V) V3

(V) I1

(A) I2

(A) I3

(A) I1 (calculated) I2 (calculated) I3

(calculated)

10 25

15 25

20 25

25 25

30 25

Question 1-5: Did your measured currents match with the calculated current values?

Question 1-6: Use your measured current values to verify the junction rule at the junction in the circuit. Show one calculation.

Question 1-7: Use your measured voltage values to verify the loop rule in the left loop of the circuit. Show one calculation.

Question 1-8: Why aren’t the resistors R1 and R2 in series? Why aren’t they in parallel?

Now consider the case where resistor R2 is removed from the circuit. Take a screenshot after you have made the changes.

Question 1-9: Will you need to generate more or fewer equations with Kirchhoff’s loop rule? With Kirchhoff’s Junction rule? Why?

Question 1-10: What is the effective value of R2 in the modified circuit?

Kingship As A Religious Office

Kingship As A Religious Office

Name:

Institutional Affiliation:

The comments of the Anglo-Norman Anonymous can be used to bolster later medieval arguments of kings who claimed to rule by divine right. They came that the king has been though consecrated by earthly beings has the authority that comes from God himself. All earthy Kings rule only because God allows it hence all people on earth should respect the authority of the King since he can be considered to be God’s representative on earth. God has given them the power to rule over his church on earth.

The rule of the King can be considered a partnership with the rule of the priesthood. The priests rule over the souls of men while the king rules over the bodies of men. The kingdoms over which the king’s rule are equated to the throne of Christ. Hence it is the duty of kings to administer justice upon the church just as they do to their kingdoms. They are also supposed to strengthen the kingdoms and manage it in line with the teachings of Jesus Christ. The kings rule together with Christ over the earthly realms.

There can be no separation of the rule of the soul from that of the body. Human beings are made up of both body and souls hence the two should be administered together. In the same way, priestly rule and the rule of kings go hand in hand as the two rules over both bodies and souls of their subjects. The purpose of the resurrection is so that both the body and mind of men should be saved together. For this to be achieved it is imperative that the two; body and soul are kept together. The priests and kings will work hand in hand towards this purpose.

The comments of the Anglo-Norman Anonymous were made to the point that the king had immense power on earth hence no one should be able to question their authority. They assert this by saying that a king cannot be considered a layman but a partner of God while fulfilling their earthly duties. Even though the kings were anointed by lesser men such as bishops, it has always been the norm that more inferior men are made to consecrate those that are superior to them.

The fact that God ordained kings, mean that they rule rightfully. Any question to their power is the same as questioning the authority of God himself. The king is the anointed of the lord. Therefore, he has the right to rule over his brothers, and all the people in the land should adore him. The king is also the master and the defender of the church that all the members of the church should look up to.

These statements show that the king has many responsibilities that rest on his shoulders. He is not only to rule over the earthly kingdom but also to offer guidance and administer justice to ht church of God. The many duties show how special the king is in the sight of the lord, and God gives him divine wisdom that enables him to save both the souls and bodies of men. They should, therefore, be allowed to rule with autonomy and without question because it is God himself who leads the king throughout the decision he makes. Even the bishop who consecrates the king is not above him; he is merely an inferior person who is sent to anoint the king. These sentiments were a way to prove to men that the rule of kings was divinely ordained and deserved respect and adoration from their subjects.

Hugh of Saint Victor differed in his interpretation of divine and secular power. According to Hugh, here is a clear separation between holy and temporal powers. The difference in the two powers stems from the fact that there are two different lives, earthly life, and heavenly life. The human life involves a physical body that lives from the soul while the heavenly life consists of the soul living from God. In each of the two lives, there are things that are necessary to keep it alive and invigorated.

The laymen are mainly occupied with the considerations of their earthly lives, and hence their power is earthly. The clergy, on the other hand, is concerned with the wellbeing of the spiritual body hence their power can be said to be of a divine nature. The secular power is headed by the king while spiritual power has its leadership in the religious pontiff. The two powers cannot be one; they have to be separate.

The Hugh had to separate the two powers possibly to remove the confusion and doubts cast by the sentiments that the king ruled by divine authority. According to the Hugh of Saint Victor, this was not the case as the secular power represented by the King was entirely different from divine power that is described by the pontiff. It was therefore crucial that the people differentiate between the things that concerned their spirituality and those about their earthly life.

The spiritual life is of more importance as compared to earthly life. Earthly life is but for a short time while the body lives while spiritual life is for a much longer time when the soul lives from God. Worldly power is under the rulership of spiritual or divine power. The authority that is given to any earthly or secular power has to be granted by the spiritual power. When the secular power errs in any way, the spiritual power has the task of correcting and judging the earthly power. Divine power, on the other hand, comes from God himself hence no one can decide it, only God.

The two accounts are somewhat different with the first account by the Anglo-Norman Anonymous stating that the king rules by divine rights while Hugh of Saint Victor asserts that secular power and religious power are entirely different and separate. The first account can be considered a way to give the king more power and to make the subjects of the king more respectful to the power of the king. It can create some confusion especially when the king makes mistakes, and no one can challenge his actions that are deemed to come from God. The second account gives a more definite direction on how secular and divine powers are separated. The pontiff should concentrate on matters relating to spirituality while the king is left to deal with earthly things. The separation of powers allows divine power to institute the secular forces and also to judge secular power in case of any errors.

Strategies for Preventing the Growing Rate of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Kieandra Tatum

Texas Southern University

Capstone

Strategies for Preventing the Growing Rate of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Several studies have indicated an elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections for college students in the United States. The STDs’ occurrence remains unacceptably high in the United States despite efforts in screening methods, diagnosis, and treatment. The disease remains the most common transmissible virus in the state, with approximates of new and existing infections adding more than 110 million. For instance, a case study of Texas Southern University indicates that 25% of learners have a sexually transmitted disease. Adolescents aged between 16 to 25 years account for more than half of different sexually transmitted diseases yearly, representing just 25% of the sexually active population (Whiting t al., 2019). There is a need for effective prevention of STDs as a high priority among college learners in the United States.

One of the concept strategies for preventing diseases’ growing rate is to provide sexual health information to college students like those at Texas Southern University. They need precise and comprehensive sex education to evade STDs and alleviate their impacts (Habel et al., 2017). Programs should offer learners accurate information about transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of STDs. It is essential to equip them with skills to talk about their sexual independence healthily and foster healthy relationships, such as promoting condom use and understanding consent. The sexual wellbeing information given ought to be age suitable and respectful of, responsive to a variety of sexual orientations, racial backgrounds, and gender identities.

Policymakers and advocates addressing STDs among college students should support the necessities of those most vulnerable to STDs by access to medical care, confidential services, precautionary technologies, and vaccines (Whiting et al., 2019). Another strategy is to guarantee testing and treatment. Young individuals must get high-quality and accessible STD diagnosis and treatment services to prevent further transmission. Offer preventive care is another strategy that should reduce the growing rate of infection among college students. Public health specialists should approach sexually transmitted diseases from two angles: preventing adolescents from getting the disease in the initial place and averting them from disseminating it to others. Principal preventive methodologies include expedited partner therapy, vaccines, and condoms. The college students should also be guaranteed distinguished and supportive care. Sexual transmitted diseases prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are incredibly stigmatized subjects that adolescents are usually quiet to talk over. Still, insurers and providers can form a setting in which all sufferers feel cared for and respected.

Through the methods listed above, it is possible that when a person goes to seek medical assistance for a problem in hand, they will feel safer, and they will be courageous knowing that no one will look at them with a funny face or look at them in a judgmental manner. It is in line with making sure that this happens that there have been efforts to introduce expedited partner therapy. This is a type of treatment whereby the sex partner is treated for the disease through the other partner who dares to seek medical assistance. Therefore what happens in this program is that one partner who goes to the hospital is given medicine to take to the other partner who is unwilling to go to school. Therefore the treatment happens through one partner acting as the link between the doctors or the hospital and the patient.

Some people have discouraged this as they say that it is essential that a person be checked first. However, as of the current time, it is seen as one of the best ways to solve sexually transmitted infections which have become a big problem to a considerable population for quite some time now. Even though this is practical and is happening with some people, only two sexually transmitted diseases can be treated using the method, i.e., gonorrhea and chlamydia. The center has approved this for disease control prevention (CDC) because it is the only option for treating these patients when they cannot come to the hospitals for treatment due to the varied nature.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) acknowledges that it is through the introduction of the treatment without physical presence that the rate of disease transfer and widespread has been lowered. One of the reasons that necessitated this kind of treatment is the increasing infertility rates, especially among ladies and women who cannot come out and seek medical attention (ACOG, 208). The inability to come out and seek medical attention is associated with fear and the deep-rooted feeling that a person did the wrong thing. The patients are always encouraged to stop feeling sorry for the past and face the future with optimism.

Other ways of encouraging that sexually transmitted infections do not make the population lame are through the encouragement of people to use condoms during sexual activity. This is one of the effective campaigns which make it possible for people to use condoms rather than risking themselves on a person whom they are not fully aware of his/ her status. Therefore campaigns like love condoms are entrusted with making people love condoms and therefore use them more. The more they are used, the more there is a high probability of preventing sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Therefore, these kinds of campaigns make it possible to spread sexually transmitted diseases to cease or the rate to go down or just slow. When the spread slows, it is good news for those in the medical field, and it is a sign of a positive reaction to the measure put into place.

The use of vaccines also helps a great deal in facing the challenge of sexually transmitted diseases. According to Dr. Marleen Temmerman, the department of reproductive health at the world health organization, sexually transmitted infections are among the most significant health setbacks. Therefore, it has to be addressed as soon as possible. The use of vaccines is one of the best ways to deal with this issue. When vaccines are used, it becomes straightforward for a person to live a stress-free life knowing that they won’t get the disease they were once so afraid about getting, and therefore their sex life gets better. An STD also prevents a person from enjoying sexual activity, makes it worrying, and therefore focusing on getting a vaccine makes things better for a sexually active age. Therefore in this accord, there has been a lot of increased research in this same area of interest whereby the different institutions, both public and private, are trying to come up with vaccines for different STDs. Therefore it shows that there is a bright future for sexually transmitted disease control and containment.

Another way to make sure that a reduced number of those affected by the different sexually transmitted infections is to make sure that a person knows their status. This is by providing mandatory or free screening at designated areas and times. For example, when it’s a holiday or when a person is joining a college or university, they might be encouraged to go for testing. Therefore, it becomes easier to treat them rather than just waiting in the hospitals for the extreme cases to be brought to the hospital for treatment and management. Several states have tried this, and it works very well. Therefore it is an encouragement for the other states to think of employing this same method to make sure that testing is done and if a person is suffering from a disease, they get treatment as fast as possible.

The encouragement and the mob awareness about these sexually transmitted infections and how to deal with them if they find themselves with them are also essential. This is because it is only when a person knows something when they can deal with it. Therefore this access to information like symptoms and signs is critical. Some teenagers and youths get to have some sexually transmitted diseases, and they do not know if they are suffering from that or what they are supposed to do. Still, with the knowledge, it becomes straightforward for them to solve these challenges and continue with their lives peacefully. In this same awareness creation, it is also essential to create awareness for proper sexual behavior, which helps a person be unable to get these kinds of diseases. Therefore the sexual behavior should be watched keenly, and they are guided in the right manner into what they are supposed to do and how their sexual behavior should be like if they want to avoid some of these diseases.

Society should also change what is believed or known about sexual activities and anything else related to that. When a person feels shame for having a sexually transmitted infection, it means they can almost look for medical attention. Therefore it is essential to encourage and talk openly about sexual behavior, activities, and all the different issues related to it and how they affect a person’s life. This is because sexuality is a core part of human life. If given the attention needed, it becomes straightforward and possible to prevent diseases and infections that make a person ashamed.

Other methods of making sure that the sexually transmitted diseases do not overwhelm the sexually active people and especially the youths are to engage the youth in activities. Through the engagement in different activities, the teenagers or the youths will meet their peers. Once the youth come together, it will be the elder’s work to kick start a conversation about the issue of sexually transmitted infection, they affect them, and what can be done. This way, the research carried out, and information can help make sure that the youth get the information and everything else possible to make it possible for them to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections. The teenagers can be excellent agents of this course of action; however, they have to be facilitated and given the full support they need.

Therefore, in conclusion, the above methods, strategies, and ways of action, if encouraged, upheld, and practiced, can help change the sexual beliefs and negative thinking about anyone who might have a sexually transmitted infection and instead be able even to help them get medical support which they need very much. The agents of this change are the parents at home, the teachers and school, and most importantly, the young people’s peers. This is because it is at this age when a person is sexually active that they are likely to contract some of these diseases. The government also has a role to play in availing testing capabilities to all its citizens and ensuring that their health is prioritized.

References

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018). ACOG Committee Opinion Number 737-Expedited partner therapy. Obstet Gynecol, 131, e190-3.

Habel, M. A., Becasen, J. S., Kachur, R., Eastman-Mueller, H., & Dittus, P. J. (2017). Community colleges: Rethinking STD prevention for the nontraditional college campus. Community college journal of research and practice, 41(11), 747-756.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2016.1220874

https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1090198119853008

Renfro, K. J., Haderxhanaj, L., Coor, A., Eastman-Mueller, H., Oswalt, S., Kachur, R., … & Dittus, P. J. (2020). Sexual-risk and STI-testing behaviors of a national sample of non-students, two-year, and four-year college students. Journal of American College Health, 1-8.

Whiting, W., Pharr, J. R., Buttner, M. P., & Lough, N. L. (2019). Behavioral interventions to increase condom use among college students in the United States: a systematic review. Health Education & Behavior, 46(5), 877-888.

Whiting, W., Pharr, J. R., Buttner, M. P., & Lough, N. L. (2019). Behavioral interventions to increase condom use among college students in the United States: a systematic review. Health Education & Behavior, 46(5), 877-888.

Key Historical Figures in or relating to the Field of Psychology

Key Historical Figures in or relating to the Field of Psychology

Aaron Beck

Abraham Maslow

Albert Bandura

Albert Ellis

Alfred Adler

Alfred BinetAlfred Kinsey

Anna Freud

Aristotle

B.F. Skinner

Carl Jung

Carl Rogers

Carol Gilligan

Charles Darwin

Charles Spearman

Ernest HilgardDavid Wechsler

Diana BaumrindDorothea Dix

Edward Bradford Titchener

Edward Thorndike

Edward TolmanEgas Moniz

Elizabeth Loftus

Erik Erikson

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Franz Anton Mesmer

Franz Gall

G. Stanley Hall

George Miller

Gustav Fechner

Hans Eysenck

Hans SelyeHarry Harlow

Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley

Henry Murray

Herman EbbinghausHerman Rorschach

Howard Gardner

Ivan Pavlov

James Cattell

Jean Piaget

John Berry

John Dewey

John Garcia

John Locke

John Stuart Mill

John Watson

Joseph WolpeKaren Horney

Konrad Lorenz

Lawrence KolbergLeon FestingerLeta S. HollingworthLewis TermanMargaret Floy Washburn

Mary Ainsworth

Mary Cover Jones

Mary Whiton Calkins

Max Wertheimer

Noam Chomsky

Paul BrocaPaul Costa/Robert MccraePhilippe Pinel

Phillip Zimbardo

Phineas Gage

Plato

Rene DecartesRobert Yerkes

Roger Sperry

Rosalie Rayner

Sandra BemSigmund Freud

Sir Francis Galton

Soloman Asch

Stanley Milgram

Stanley SchachterWalter B. Cannon

Wilhelm Wundt

William James

William Stern

Wolfgang Kohler