Subject: Biology   / General Biology
Question
Question 1
1.
The primary reason for the incredible success of viruses in their incredible diversity. The primary
sources of this diversity are Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4
Answer
2 points
Question 2
1.
Briefly describe why viruses are said to exist as populations of sequences and not single
sequences. What is the technical term for this concept.
Answer
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2 points
Question 3
1.
The primary reason Human infections by Ebola virus are largely localized to parts of Africa is
which of the following (select one)?
Answer
A
.
Africans have a gentic polymorphism that enhances their resistance to malaria, but makes
them more susceptible to Ebola (and other filovirus) infections.
B. Ebola is used as a bioÂweopon by government militias fighting political instability in
central Africa.
C. The primary animal reservoir for the Ebola virus is geographically restricted to Africa
D
.
The warm dry climate in Africa enables the virus to remain active outside the host for
extended periods.
2 points
Question 4
1.
The higher the mutation rate of an RNA virus, the more likely the virus will be able to succeed.
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 5
1.
Although the polio virus has been around for centuries, it only became a significant health
problem in the developing world in the 20th century due to (select one)?
Answer
Polio was transmitted to humans by a zoonosis in the 1930’s
Vaccination programs for polio began
Loss of natural vaccination due to improved sanitation.
Virus evolved to more pathogenic form
Humans were better able to travel and migrate which enhanced dissemination of the virus
2 points
Question 6
1.
The graph below shows the relationship between viral genome size and mutation rate. Explain
the observed relationship between genome size and mutation rate (3Â5 sentences max).
Note: The mutation rate is expressed as the number of substitutions per nucleotide per
generation,. For viruses a generation is defined as a cell infection in viruses (?s/n/c).
Answer
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2 points
Question 7
1.
Coronaviruses are a class of ssRNA viruses that are responsible for a number of respiratory
diseases including SARS and the recently identified Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS). Coronaviruses are the largest known RNA viruses with genomes ranging from 26Â32
kb. Coronaviruses are able to achieve such large genomes because they possess a gene not found
in other RNA viruses. Using what you have learned this semester, speculate in 3Â4 sentences the
likely function of this gene that enables coronaviruses to possess such large genomes. Justify
your answer.
Answer
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2 points
Question 8
1.
RNA viruses tend to occupy broad ecological niches with multiple host species, while DNA
viruses tend to coevolve with host with fewer host species.
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 9
1.
List three factors that explain why there appears to be an increase in the number Emerging Viral
Diseases globally. Justify each factor in 1Â2 sentences.
Answer
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2 points
Question 10
1.
Match the following Emerging viruses with the disease or symptoms they cause.
Answer
Answer
Polio Virus
A.
Read Answer
Items for
Question 10
Transmission of virus
to humans is highly
dependent on
West Nile
climate/weather
Virus
because it influences
Read Answer
populations of rodent
Items for
Question 10
vector
B. Emerged due to improved sanitation that
Sin
Nombre
broke natural vaccination cycle
Read Answer Virus was brought to Americas by earlier
C.
Items for
Question 10 explorers. Beliveved to have wiped out
native populations because they did not
Severe
have immunity to virus.
Acute
D
RespiratoryFirst major viral epidemic documented to
.
Syndrome be spread by air travel
Virus E. Brought to United States by insect vector
Read Answer
Items for
Question 10
Variloa
Read Answer
Items for
Question 10
2 points
Question 11
1.
Explain why a virus that is well adapted to one species and causes no apparent disease can upon
a switch to a new host range cause severe disease (Max 3Â5 sentences)?
Answer
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2 points
Question 12
1.
What is the last name of the scientsist who accredited with the following quote:
“In the battle by attrition, humans have a real problem competing with microorganisms. Here we are, here are the
bugs, they’re looking for food, we’re their meal in one sense or another, how do we compete?”
Answer
