Critical Thinking, the additional objects in the reports

Critical Thinking, the additional objects in the reports

NAME

TUTOR

COURSE

DATE

INTRODUCTION

In my view, the additional objects in the reports found me to judging about the U.S. energy strategy. The strategy as accomplished here seems to smack and stagger along from one catastrophe to the subsequent. The recent soaring costs of energy have led to the conventional calls for demanding the overload income, abolishing levy breaks or grueling the price gougers. What is inadequately unstated is that, while I am chatting about enormous some of cash, when calculated alongside economic principles like return on capital engaged, the oil and gas commerce is a morsel of a straggler compared with several sectors of the wealth, (Mcphee, 1998).

I can see the reality is that a strong energy division requires a continuous attracting resource for its investigation and progressive vocation. Corrective procedures do more impairment to the general financial system than to the oil and gas factories, but in some way individuals just feel healthier. A resonance of energy strategy should do two relatively easy things in my observation. It should recover profitable competence, it should hold up a firm supply of energy and petrochemical feedstock here in the U.S. Of course, easy ideologies do not automatically indicate that the steps to hold these goals out will be simple or uncomplicated. Competence can be established in several spaces. Maintenance is one understandable illustration. Improved recuperation projects that incarcerate additional of the oil or gas in position are another. Lesser contamination and green house gas projections will also recover the largely U.S. country in the extensive run.

What is possibly a morsel fewer instinctive is the harm ended by the continual explosion and bust cycles. Several slightly dedicated proficiency sets are engaged in the oil and gas productions. Nevertheless, whilst we permit the vocation power to be demolished in a recession, then the aptitude to incline up once more is harshly compromised. We employ plenty of luxurious equipment, but it requires appropriately qualified and knowledgeable populace. The figure of well-paid energy jobs vanished in the mid-80s was an arrangement of degree more than in other sectors, so why was administration diminishing all over itself demanding to alleviate the soreness in other sectors while revolving a blind eye to us? These cycles are not only incompetent, they also work alongside an objective of fixed supply, (Mcphee, 1998).

Several economists have argued that fewer luxurious unfamiliar possessions are more proficient and this is definitely factual in the dumpy term. Nevertheless, over the extended tow one requires to feature in the costs of dependence on unfamiliar sources of oil. Those costs may comprise enlarged military expenditures and costs of a worsening global safety circumstances. It seems to me that a firm supply here is still a valuable ambition. Once more, the financial cycles work alongside this. The energy trade is all about danger, but the victorious companies are the ones who best alleviate those risks. We comprehend investigation risk, but economic risk can be even superior.

Anything I might imagine of the futures market, its purpose is an endeavor to moderate beside inauspicious price swings. Like others, Mcphee, (1998) states that monetary danger can be exaggerated by management policies, yet again, a fine energy strategy, is one that helps the business supervise those risks while letting people distinguish by themselves in areas such as investigation where we have the knowledge. Both politicians and commerce pay profusion of brim service to helping long-term goals, but more frequently than not, annual and periodical targets constrain nearly all of my decisions.

REFERENCE

Mcphee, John, (1998). Irons in the Fire. New York: Macmillan Publishers.

From <http://www.scribd.com/doc/8091250/Critical-Anaylitical-Essay-How-to-Write-One>.

Posted in Uncategorized

Critically Analyze in Context the Advertisements of the Cultural History.

Critically Analyze in Context the Advertisements of the Cultural History.

Name

Course

Professor

Date

Critically Analyze in Context the Advertisements of the Cultural History.

The advertisement is of a 1926 Chrysler Imperial Roadster from Chrysler Motors. The first noticeable detail in the advertisement is the image of the Chrysler, then the headlines at the bottom of the page and finally the writing in the middle. This essay shows the analysis of the advertisement in the cultural historical context taking into consideration the formal elements used.

Formal elements addressed in the advertisement are layout, lighting, focal point and tone (Lancey 110). The layout refers to the organization of the content of the advertisement. In this advertisement, the picture of the Chrysler Imperial Roadster is at the top of the advertisement, the content writing is in the middle of the advertisement and the headlines are at the bottom of the page. This composition is not very creative and does not endear the reader to the advertisement. Tone is grayscale as the advertisement is done in shades of black ranging from black to white. As the car is from the early 20th century, use of colors was not popular and most drawings and pictures were done in black and white. The use of this tone enables the reader to picture the car in its original setting. The main focal point of the advertisement is the Chrysler as it is the most prominent feature in the advertisement. Lighting has been used to show the shadows and direction of the light. It is especially expressed under the car where it is darker to show the car’s shadow.

The target audience of the advertisement is those who appreciate the value of the old fashioned car. These are mostly those who are from the high middle class and above as they can be able to afford the car. It uses the values held close by those who know about the Chrysler and appeals to them. For example, the message says the car offers the smooth and sparkling performance that is typical to Chrysler engineering. In addition, it describes the shape of the car in order to further evoke a desire for the car in the viewer. It says the sloping silhouette and the curve of the bar-relief modeling which sweeps with graceful flourish across the lower section of the body. These are described as the new features that are different from other Chryslers. Narration is used to bring this information to the reader’s notice. This style was popular and common in advertising during the olden days compared to the recent days where advertisements are more clear and concise and there is minimal writing. There is no time for reading such a block of text in something so unimportant as an automobile advertisement today, where as decades ago, it was perceived to be more worth one’s time to read the fine print (Woodford 1).

There are differences in the font size of the writings in the advertisement. The headline at the bottom of the page is large and solid while that below the car is also large but more stylish. The content in the middle of the advertisement has very small font and the reader has to be close to the advertisement in order to read it. This has less impact on the first impression of the reader as it is noticeable. In addition, it might cause the reader to be disinterested in the advert. The placement of the headlines is optimal because the reader will be able to see the rest of the content in the middle before they get to the headline and therefore cannot completely ignore the text in the middle of the page.

The picture used in the advertisement draws the reader to the advertisement as it is the focal point. It correlates with the headings as they are written in a stylish font and relay the same message of the car being ultra fashionable. The formal elements used in the picture are line, color, shape and space. Line is used in the drawing of the car and the trees to bring out their shapes. Line has also been used to show the horizon and the sky line. The color used is grayscale which incorporates black and white to bring the feeling of the olden days. The use of space in the picture is seen with the car being in the foreground while the tree is in the background. This shows that the car is the focal point. The picture is framed off from the rest of the advertisement with the car taking most of the frame to show its importance to the advertisement.

The subject of the advertisement is the Chrysler and its purpose is to draw people to buy the car. However, while one can easily see the kind of car being advertised, they are not able to read the specific details as the text is too small. The reader has to move closer in order to see the finer details and even the price. Picking key points from the advertisement such as the price and performance and using them instead of the small print would make it more endearing to readers and attract more interest.

Works Cited

Lancey, Nick. “Image and Representation: Key Concepts in Media Studies.” New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998. Print.

Woodford, Mark. “Rhetorical Analysis of 1971 Jeep Commando Advertisement.” Yahoo Voices, 10 April, 2007. Web. 8 October 2012. http://voices.yahoo.com/rhetorical-analysis-1971-jeep-commando-advertisement-283016.html

Posted in Uncategorized

Critically analyze, examine and evaluate the importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) influence in the development

Critically analyze, examine and evaluate the importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) influence in the development

The Proposal Template 

Introduction

Specialism

Dissertation Consultation

Topic  

Critically analyze, examine and evaluate the importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) influence in the development of contemporary enterprise. 

Research Question(s)

The main research questions are formulated for this study was to analyze, examine and evaluate the importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) influence in the development of contemporary enterprise. This was determined through both Quantitative and Qualitative methods. The following general research questions are formulated to engage the study:

How do Corporate Social Responsibility measures adopted by enterprises affect their bottom line?

Are there disparities in Corporate Social Responsibility measures among enterprises?

What factors contribute to disparities in Corporate Social Responsibility measures among enterprises?

How do the enterprises formulate their CSR strategies or frameworks?

How can Corporate Social Responsibility effectiveness in contemporary enterprises be measured?

Corporate social responsibility has rapidly grown for the last ten years. Presently, over 50% of the Fortune 1000 companies give CSR reports (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). A big proportion of companies now are involved in a serious attempt to define and incorporate CSR into each aspect of their operations. A large number of shareholders, employees, customers, regulators, labor unions, community organizations, and media houses are encouraging companies adopt CSR issues. This is why it makes it interesting to study how CSR influence organizations, hence the selection of this question.

Proposed methods and ethical considerations

This study will use both primary and secondary research data to analyze the investigations. For all the objectives, secondary research is being carried out to, examine and evaluate the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility influence in the development of contemporary enterprise. Due to sufficiency of data available for secondary research, primary research will be backed up by secondary research in order to provide proper examples and solutions to the relevant questions.

Secondary analysis is the analysis of data by researchers who were not directly involved in obtaining data which is carried out by others who were directly involved in collection of data Dale, Arber & Proctor (2007). A variety of secondary research is being collected from journals, books, articles, newspapers and electronic databases for data collection analysis.

Secondary research will be based on literature review and case study to investigate the influence of CSR on selected contemporary organizations. Case study offers true example of success or failures of CSR, and insights to the current research question. Literature review helps with qualitative research as it presents main themes from previous studies. The quantitative and qualitative research approaches when combined offer a holistic understanding of the influence of CSR on selected contemporary organizations.

Primary research will be carried out using questionnaire.

Questionnaire: The study selected questionnaires because, it is a simple survey approach and offers the best way to measure the influence of CSR on enterprises. The participants will be asked to fill the questionnaires, the results obtained will be analyzed using SPSS, this program is chosen because it is good in analyzing data collected. Sampling is required to generate accurate and reliable information obtained by surveys. However, it is not decided yet, which sampling method should be applied to the research.

Ethical issues involved in data collection will be put into consideration. All the participants selected for this survey will first be informed and they consent seek first. The information they give will be treated with confidentiality. These two issues of consent and confidentiality are very important in research practice. As noted by Dale, Arber, Proctor (2007) the confidentiality of the participant should be respected and any lawful requirement on information protection is followed. In this study, the participants will be informed concerning the objective of the study, and the participant’s consent to take part in the study will be recorded.

Outline Timetable

References

Dale, Arber, Proctor (2007). Business Research methods. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford Press. 326

Johnson, G .Scholes, K. and Whittington R. (2008): Exploring Corporate Strategy, Text and Cases, 8th ed. FT Prentice-Hall

AppendixSurvey on CSR programs

QUESTIONNAIRE

Kindly take a few minutes to fill this questionnaire on CSR programs in your organization. Your answers to the questions asked will help your organization and other organizations to know and evaluate the importance of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) influence in the development of contemporary enterprises. Thank you for your cooperation.

Section 1: Oganisation details

1. Kindly give the name of your organisation

2. Kindly state the industry in which your organisation operates in ( for example computer, textile, telecommunication etc)

3. How big is your organization

Small

Medium sized

Multinational

4. Which are the main stakeholders that your organisation targets through its CSR programs

Customers

Suppliers

Employees

Shareholders

Regulatory agencies

Competitors

Local communities,

Government bodies

Others…………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. What is the main reason why your organisation has adopted CSR programs

Social concerns

Competitive pressure

Local community pressure

Philanthropy

Regulatory obligations

Attracting new customers/and customers

Environmental concerns

Philanthropy

6. Has your organisation implemented code of ethics and/or environmental friendly code?

Yes

No

7. Which indicator does your organisation use to measure the effectiveness of its CSR programs?

Economic indicator

Environmental indicator

Social indicator (e.g.

8. In regard to CSR adaptation, your organisation belongs to which group

CSR leaders (setting industry standards)

CSR adopters (have considerable understanding of CSR)

CSR Newcomers (have just basic knowledge)

9. Has your organisation adopted any of the following key activities?

Internal and external reporting of CSR performance

Evaluation of the organisation’s CSR performance

In-depth stakeholder assessment

Definition of proper CSR relevant indicator set

10. What is your level of satisfaction with the current CSR programs?

Very good

Good

Average

Bad

Very bad

Posted in Uncategorized

Critically assess the basis of obedience by states in international law. What factors do states take into account in complian

Critically assess the basis of obedience by states in international law. What factors do states take into account in complian

Q. Critically assess the basis of obedience by states in international law. What factors do states take into account in compliance with international law rules?

The international community is increasingly becoming an integrated unit following major fronts of development, with law and governance leading alongside economic agenda. In light of organizational needs of the integrated body of international community, it is important that certain laws are formulated and enforced for the integrity of the community to pass the test of existence. However, there are certain hurdles that stand in the way of an efficient transition from the segregated existence to the more inclusive arrangement. Enforcement of the international protocol faces the most potent challenge of embracing of the formulated laws and sustenance of the appropriate adherence across the member states (Alter, 19). While the membership of the international community has evolved in the recent past to be synonymous with the most acceptable yardstick for development, there are several considerations that make the expected transition the challenge it is today.

The platform on which the international law is founded outlines the integrity of the leadership and governance of the international community and is built on commitment to comply with the binding regulations. Due to the unavailability of a political structure at such a level, only goodwill can be applied in the delivery of the commitment expected for compliance and adherence. In such an arrangement, it is evident that there are loopholes which expose the sovereignties of individual member states to the mercy of external forces. External interference is a contradiction to the existence of the member states as sovereign states, which is the predominant building block of the international community. In the protection of the integrity of the individual state and the international community, there is undoubted favor for the integrity of the member state sovereignty which is the basic unit of the international community. In light of conflicting interests and objectives as expected in such an arrangement, there are important considerations to be made by the leadership of the individual member states regarding becoming signatories of the effective protocols as well as the details of compliance.

State behavior in embracing international law and handling international relations is important in determining the considerations that are likely to be highlighted by various leaderships before making commitment to such undertakings (Raustiala and Slaughter, 544). While politics therefore becomes central to the nature of state behavior detailing embracing international laws, specific regimes as guided by ideological foundations may not play this role within the spirit of the modern international community. However, there is a general agreement that nations have a common behavior in accepting international law which is usually formulated to be applied equally across the board. It is important to note that commitment to comply with international laws by member states may be a behavioral phenomenon than that of choice. As an illustration, there are very few instances of a single nation declining to comply with an international convention where the rest of the members, particularly if close allies embraced undertook to comply and be bound by such law.

According to Henkin (74), a general wave of influence is made on the benefits of the implementation of the particular international law which is usually designed to be more beneficial if all the member states are involved including image, reciprocity and other norm factors. In certain instances, the behavioral phenomenon has resulted in later considerations and analysis which indicate that certain compliance decisions were as a result of some influence. To illustrate this, compliance to the Rome Statute which establishes and guides on the International Criminal Court (ICC) has started to appear as an unfavorable decision by many countries, particularly the African countries that are largely affected by the compliance thereon (Stone, 124). While reverting the signatory commitment engaged in such international laws may not act in the best interests of the image of the country, there are cases of such reversals late into the commitment.

In another consideration given weight in favor of complying with international law, there is scholarly evidence that replacing segregated law arrangements with a wider concept of regional regimes is more beneficial to member states. International law studies provided information on the regime theory from several perspectives proving the advantages of favoring international cooperation. Under such scholarly evidence, it became increasingly important for legal advisers to the state to analyze the positions of complying with international laws which almost always acts in support of the move. A debate emerged regarding international law compliance among constructivists and rationalists on the various perspectives of the binding nature of the international commitment entered into through various platforms (Henkin, 21). It is clearly evident therefore that there is need for deep considerations by member states on the most important position to be adopted regarding cooperating with international law systems.

Considering certain sanctions set aside by various international legally binding fora presents a valid cause of concern during the deliberation on complying or abstaining. While the demanding needs of certain international regimes act as an important point of consideration by the member state, there are more issues that require to be factored in the decision regarding membership and compliance thereon. On one hand, there are beneficial considerations on the regime created by cooperation among member states in terms of legal synergy and development. Generally, there are certain benefits in undertaking to join a certain international body with legally binding terms as outlined in the objectives of the body (Pulkowski, 513). On the other hand, it is important to consider the disadvantageous impact likely to be experienced due to noncompliance. There are sanctions for defectors from the legally binding regime. Gains of defection or noncompliance must be considered against the loss sustained by victims of sanctions arising from compliance issues.

Additionally, national interests are considered within the backdrop of international regimes presented by the international conventions and treaties with legally binding terms requiring compliance. An analysis of case facts based on the ceteris paribus perspective from which the cost and benefit position is likely to be established must be deliberated on. Under such an analysis, the individual considerations indulged by the leadership of a member state goes beyond political and policy interests. In such a perspective, a larger framework is involved to interrogate the public goods perspective which highlights deep aspects of the presenting challenge of compliance. Two dominant items of consideration are usually highlighted to handle the interests of the member state in a more conclusive way. One of these items of consideration is referred to as the problem structure that is intended to capture the most strategic position when the country is subjected to the membership of the legally binding integration. Coordination and collaboration aspects of binding integrations are usually based on the strategic positioning of the member states. As an illustration, a state may need to consider the underlying problem necessitating the establishment of an international convention and the cooperation of states to alleviate the problem. While it may be in the best interest of a country to cooperate with the international community in alleviating an international disaster, domestic regulation of the effective laws may be out of proportion by certain states with regard to the relative threat experienced by the states.

It therefore implies that the variables of the need to comply with a particular international law may force the problem structure to be brought to the fore of the contemplations. Compliance to this end would be dependent on the severity of the challenge that the common interest aims to resolve, with the most affected members bearing the most burden of compliance than the least affected. However, it may act as a protective move for less affected member states to strongly stand for the implementation of specific international laws as well as improve the image of the country in the respective area of international policy. A closely related consideration referred to as the solution structure which involves the considerations of capacity that the country has to implement the enforcement requirements of the specified regulations. While the provisions of the implementation may differ with different legal requirements provided in various conventions, it is important to consider how the member state is institutionally prepared to handle the proposed regime. Since this approach considers the practicality of a specific legal regime within its jurisdiction, it implies that it also involves the consideration of the strategic position adopted in terms of the cost of compliance.

Finally, the postulates of the theory of obedience may perhaps explain what countries consider before they comply with international law. As observed earlier in this discourse, the international community is conventionally founded on the principles of law and as such, the need to comply with a particular international law may be in line with the general context of cooperation spirit held by the international community as defined by international relations. Being a part of the international community is therefore a predetermining exposure that induces certain expectation and culture established within the established cooperation. Obedience theory is therefore an important contextual consideration from where international standards of legal processes are keenly developed with regard to international mood of high regard to rule of law (Koh, 2634). This is a different perspective from the apparent member states’ influence on each other on the premise that there is an internal need for a country to be compliant to international law based on the fact that internal systems are themselves based on a similar arrangement.

Works Cited

Alter, Karen J. The new terrain of international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print

Henkin, Louis How nations behave, 2nd edn. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. Print

Koh, Harold Hongju. “Why Do Nations Obey International Law?” The Yale Law Journal, 106.8(1997): 2634.

Pulkowski, Dirk. “Testing Compliance Theories: Towards US Obedience of International Law in Avena Case” Laiden Journal of International Law, 19(2006):511-554

Raustiala, Kal. & Slaughter, Ann-Marie. “International Law, International Relations and Compliance”. In Carlnaes, W., Risse, T. & Simmons, B. A. (Eds.), Handbook of international relations New York: Sage Publications, (2002). Print

Stone Sweet, Alec. Constitutional dialogues in the European Union: In the European Court of Justice and national courts—doctrine and jurisprudence, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1998. Print

Posted in Uncategorized

Critically interrogating natural or common sense ways of knowing and being

Critically interrogating natural or common sense ways of knowing and being

Critically interrogating natural or common sense ways of knowing and being

Name

Course

Prof

Date

With the evolution of man, different beliefs and practices have come up. Create philosophers and thinkers have come up with different ideologies about life. That is through critical thinking and analysis on different matters in life. Long time ago people believed in the existence of a powerful being, more powerful than human being. This is clearly seen in the hierarchy of being where God is considered to be the highest and more powerful. However, in today’s society, everything that is done is human centered (Wolfreys, 2006). That is different theories have come up to show that human beings have involved themselves in critical thinking to come up with these theories about their origin and way of life. General principles have resulted to coming up of different ideas.

Different political philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Locke have come up with different theories. Issues that they tried to address in these theories majorly concerned the idea of personal freedom. Racism is one of the issues that these philosophers tried to address. In our society today, especially in the United States of America racism has been an issue of concern (Howard & Dei, 2008). Thus, many different theories were developed to show how Black Americans evolved. That is why they were discriminated in all arenas for instance in schools and jobs.

Some of the theories and ideologies have been founded in dichotomous logic. That means different things determine how we think and behave. The main purpose of the critics is to enlighten humanism on a number of concepts about life. Some of the philosophers such as Judith Butler use different concepts such as performativity. In which she says that, things have changed in today’s society as a result of postmodernism. Some of the things that she mentions in her ideology are the use of computers which has greatly affected how we think (Shotwell, 2011).

Critical thinking is interlinked with common sense. For you to critically think, and come up with an ideology, you must use your common sense. Thus, common sense is related to critical thinking. Common sense will mostly be determined by the knowledge that one has on different issues in life. Karl Marx one of the philosophers aimed at transforming Europe on the issue of social class. Karl Marx focused sociological organization of labor where he said that; capitalist will result to forced labor (Wolfreys, 2006). Thus he was against it and developed an ideology on communism.

In the recent past, people accepted doctrines without reasoning. As a result of that, dictatorship took the greatest part. However, as time went by people became more enlightened on different aspects of life and started fighting for their rights. These issues included gender, sexuality, and race. In humanism, individuals believe that, every individual is supposed to be free on every issue in life. That is why some of the philosophers emphases on freedom of expression and speech (Shotwell, 2011). Through the freedom of expression and speech people are able to express themselves on different aspects of life. They are able to fight for their rights, providing an arena for freedom of expression and expression of ideas.

Jurgen Habermas a philosopher takes a common sense position by saying that, all human beings share a common characteristic. Thus, through reasoning together we are able to come up with a decision. Human beings are always aimed at thinking critically in order to come up with a final decision which is for the betterment of the world. Through use of common sense people are able to come up with solutions on different issues surrounding them (Howard & Dei, 2008).

Notably, darkness happens as a result of absence of sunlight in the same way, reason is the negation of emotion. Postmodernism is as a result of humanism a theory that has been developed by various philosophers. Cultural studies theory encompasses several theories that have been brought up by different philosophers. These theories focus on the nature and common sense. They focus on the historical foundations of different communities. Although, we may say that, people become leaders in a society as a result of natural traits in some of the cases it may not be the case. It is important to understand that, philosophers used their common sense to come up with the cultural studies theories.

In most of the communities, common sense is linked with conservative political ideas. Thus, ideas on political matters come up as a result of use of common sense. Leaders such as Adolf Hitler lead people through use of dictatorship. Considering his background we may say that, leadership was not an inborn natural trait but the environment modeled him to become a leader that is through the use of his common sense. Additionally, issues on common sense arise on gender inequality. Some of the people discriminate women saying that, they are not able to thing rationally because of they are women. However, that is not the case women are able to come up with great ideas once they are given leadership positions, they are able to carry out activities which men cannot (Shotwell, 2011).

The society has changed as a result of the change in leadership strategies. People come up with different ideologies in regard to leadership styles and organization of the community structure. The different ideologies include communist and capitalists. This came up as a result of different people who shared the same ideas on the organization of the community. There is a need to satisfy the needs of different people in the society. Capitalist is focused on human alienation and mistreating members of the society for the sake of few members in the society. Thus, people came up with communist to ensure that, every member in the society is treated equally. This is because every person has a right of expression and speech to enable him comes up with different ways of survival in the society we are living.

In a nutshell, critical interrogation on different theories enables us to appreciate every person and their roles in the society. That is why Karl Marx ideology on the use of common sense is referred to as social philosophy. This is because it simply outlines how the society views life and their views on different aspects of life. Common sense in addition comes up as a result of social reality (Howard & Dei, 2008). This simply means common sense enables people to gain knowledge thus becoming intellects. Common sense is an important field that should be taken into consideration on various aspects of life. That is why some of the philosophers suggest that it should be a sixth sense to be studied.

References

Howard, P. S. S., & Dei, G. J. S. (2008). Crash politics and antiracism: Interrogations of liberal race discourse. New York: Peter Lang.

Shotwell, A. (2011). Knowing otherwise: Race, gender, and implicit understanding. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Wolfreys, J. (2006). Modern British and Irish criticism and theory: A critical guide. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.

Posted in Uncategorized

Criticism of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman

Criticism of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman

Name:

Institution:

Course:

Tutor: Date:

Criticism of the American Dream in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman

Introduction

In most instances, the society has a great influence on the wellbeing of an individual. The ideals and values that are perpetuated by the same often determine the behavior and ideals that are assumed by the individuals that belong to the same. The American dream that encourages pursuit of material success and the need to assume a lifestyle that is better than that of the parents is one social ideology that can be considered to have had significant impacts on the behavior of the Americans. The fact that it is deeply embedded in the social ideals makes it a desirable value to pursue. In his book The Death of a Salesman, Miller prompts the audience to re examine the American dream and the relative values, virtues and ideals. Most importantly, he presents to the audience the adverse effects of the dream as well as its inherent complexities. From his point of view, Miller ascertains that the American dream as just that, a dream and myth that can not be attained. Indeed, it can not be disputed that the American dream has had adverse effects on the lives of the Americans.

In his play, Miller presents Willy Loman who leads a miserable life because of the need to pursue the ideals of the American dream. The society plays a critical role in shaping the social ideals and expects its individuals to assume the same. Hence the lack of material wealth by Loman makes him a laughing stock of the society and as Irving notes, nothing that he says or does is pleases the society (Miller 252). He places great emphasis on attainment of this material wealth in order for him to be held in high regard by the society. However, his thoughts and pursuits are entirely psychological as opposed to practical. In other words, the protagonist lives in an imaginary world in which he believes to have attained the dream. In this consideration, it is certain that he derives his sense of satisfaction from attaining prominence that is solely defined by having material wealth.

According to Frank, Loman aligns his dreams and pursuits to the success presented by the American dream (Frank 176). The relative narcissistic thinking prevents him from appreciating the reality. He instead replaces this with his grandiose dreams that can not be attained because of lack of vital resources and self will. Thus he is compelled to his unattainable dreams that further trigger him to commit suicide. Another misconception that undermines the ability of Loman to live a healthy life is his emphasis on being liked.

In his review, Lois ascertained that he placed great emphasis on the importance of being liked and “believed that it played a critical role in the success of a given business in future” (Lois 273). In this consideration, it can be argued that Loman did not live his life objectively; rather he placed undue emphasis on pleasing other individuals. The worst part of this is that he passed on this misguided belief and encouraged his children by stating “…that a man can end with diamonds here on the basis of being liked” (Miller 79). This belief was perpetuated by the fact that the rich were always liked by a significant percentage of the population. As such, the protagonist was deceived in to believing that this is the same way through which the poor man gets rich.

In this respect, Lois believed that Loman’s undue attention on the need to enhance his personal image is aligned to the American dream (Lois 266). The American dream holds public approval in high regard and expects any individual who attains this to be approved by the public. Approval in this respect is defined by having wealth, living in a good house, attaining credible education and being able to pass on these attributes to one’s children. In addition, successful individuals in light of the American dream needed to be in active employment, whose rewards are sustainable.

The obsession to have material wealth prevents Loman from bringing up his children in a virtuous manner. Coupled with his world of imagination, he dismally fails to inculcate vital virtues in his children and provide the best example for growth and development. This is exemplified when Biff finds him with a woman in a hotel room. Notably, the pride that he had instilled in his son was drained through this incidence. Despite this, he continues to live in a world of imagination and even encourages his sons to steal so that they can attain material wealth. This significantly affects their growth and in future, they are unable to perform farm work in order to earn a decent living.

Notably, the individuals in the society who are considered to have attained the American dream are defined by having significant material wealth. Loman constantly compares himself with his brother Ben who has significant material wealth. Nevertheless, he eliminates any possibility of living with him in order to earn the relative wealth and prestige. This is due to the fact that this would require relocation from the city life and the characteristic ideals of the Americans dream. In particular, he would not have to pay rent, pay for refrigeration as well as his car (Frank 179). Seemingly, these ideals are common in the urban setting. At his point, it can be ascertained that attaining the ideal social conditions requires procedures that are in themselves contradictory.

In his critical review, Lois underscores the reasons that made Loman to cling to his dreams even when they were wrong and misleading (Lois 268). Loman believed that he was an ideal sales man and in future, he would make exorbitant profits. This was regardless of the fact that the present returns from this career were menial and further drove him in the world of desperation. Despite this reality, he did not give up on this self demeaning career but clung to the elusive vision of him attaining success in future. This blocked his creative ability and made it impossible for him to pursue other alternatives that would have been even more rewarding. In this regard, Lois argues that the American dream can be implicated for perpetuating this misleading attitude (Lois 269). Essentially, this concept believed that a child who would be able to follow in the footsteps of his parents would equally achieve economic prosperity. Notably, Loman lacked the power that stems from parental love and guidance. This influenced him to live in a world of fantasy that compromised his capacity to use his abilities effectively.

Loman’s pretence and imagination prevented him from dealing with the complexities that compounded his life. He has been cited to have had a deflated sense of ego that enabled him to perceive the life’s difficulties and challenges from an imaginary perspective. This tendency was further perpetuated by his wife who encouraged his defective way of thinking. For instance, when he complained of a negative response from his customers on the premise that he spoke so much, his wife encouraged him by saying that he is only lively. In this case, this prevented him from mending his ways with regard to marketing. Further, his wife can be considered to have contributed to his immorality because of her failure to provide the much needed emotional encouragement. This is manifested when he confides to the other woman that he does not have anybody to help him shoulder the challenges. In response, the other woman provided him with encouragement and assurance that seemingly made him feel better. In return, this had adverse effects on Biff who vowed not to continue with his education or pursue college.

The compulsive need to pursue the dream also has negative effects on the unity of Loman’s family as it divides the same along women interests. Loman himself is a victim of immorality when he sleeps with another woman in the hotel room. Thus instead of having the warmth and unity that is characteristic of a family, the dream makes the family in this regard to experience immense loss. Happy leaves home and gets his apartment so that he can be able to enjoy his women (Irving 244). Biff on the other hand decides to leave home because of the discoveries that could enable him to attain material wealth. In this respect, it is certain that the efforts employed in the pursuit of the dream compromises the unity of the family as opposed to unifying the same.

The events that force the family members to unite only seek to perpetuate the personal differences and compromise the ability of the same to work together. The fact that the members have differences with regard to material wealth and way of thinking undermines their ability to work together in pursuit of similar goals. It is in this consideration that Irving argues that the urge to provide a social home that offers warmth and acceptance by pursuing the ideals of the dream compromises the ideals of the family, that are basic to its existence (Irving 258). Since the family is the fundamental functional unit of the society, this implies that it is difficult to attain the American dream as the relevant values and virtues compromise the very wellbeing of the society.

Different authors of whom Lois is represented ascertain that the persistence that was exhibited by Loman when pursuing his dreams, regardless of their being faulty can be attributed to the ideals of the American dream. This encourages hard work to attain material wealth and live a better life than the life of the parents. However, it is worth acknowledging that Loman did not have role models from which he could derive his standards. As such, he assumed the ideals of the likes of Singleman who were successful and financially stable even in old age. In addition, the failure to assume an occupation that he had the ability to and persist in business, irrespective of the fact that he did not have the capacity to pursue it effectively can be attributed to the need to pursue the American dream.

The obsession to have material wealth is further extended to Lorman’s future and can be implicated for his committal of suicide. In this respect, it can be posited that his admiration of the funeral of the fellow sales man that was attended by persons from all folks contributed to his desire to die. Irving asserts that the suicide was contributed to by his need to flee from the glaring shame from the society and his desire to reestablish the integrity of his family as well as the his self confidence that has greatly been compromised by his lack of material wealth (Irving 255). The insurance money according to him could accord him the values and respect that Singleman and Ben enjoyed during his burial.

He believes that his ability to go top the dark would enable him to make different adventures and attain wealth in form of diamonds and have a grand funeral. He likens this to Singleman’s funeral and believes that it would surprise Biff. However, his death does not have any positive impact on the welfare of his family. Again, this is a clear indication that the urge to conform to the ideals of the society has negative impacts on the self. In this regard, this cost Loman his life and fundamental family ideals were greatly compromised.

Conclusion

From the analysis, it can be ascertained that the society always has significant effects on the welfare of an individual. As it has come out from the analysis, it is certain that the American dream compelled the protagonist to assume ideals that compromised his wellbeing and ultimately led to his demise. Furthermore, it is certain that the ideals that are perpetuated by the dream are in themselves contradictory and hence their attainment is more of a myth than a reality. In his play The Death of a Salesman, Miller succeeds in relaying to the audience this important message and ascertains that the American dream does not attain its stipulated goals; rather its pursuit has adverse effects on the holistic wellbeing of the citizens.

Works Cited

Ardolino, Frank. “‘I’m not a dime a dozen! I am Willy Loman!’: The Significance of Names and Numbers in Death of a Salesman.” Journal of Evolutionary Psychology (2002): 174-83.

Arthur, Miller. Death of a Salesman. USA: Penguin Classics, 1996.

Jacobson, Irving. “Family Dreams in Death of a Salesman.” American Literature, 47.2 (1975): 247-58.

Tyson, Lois. “The Psychological Politics of the American Dream: ‘Death of a Salesman’ and the Case for an Existential Dialectics.” Essays in Literature 19.2 (1992): 260-80

Posted in Uncategorized

Criticisms of Karl Max and Talcott Parsons Explanation of social change

Criticisms of Karl Max and Talcott Parsons Explanation of social change

Criticisms of Karl Max and Talcott Parsons Explanation of social change

Karl Marx is known for his socio-political theory that has greatly influenced and caused major development of social science and social change. Talcott Parsons on the other hand is known for his grand theory approach into the understanding of the revolution of social change. Both of these two sociologists have received equal criticisms into their view on social change. This paper discusses why Karl Marx and Talcott parsons have often been criticized for failing to provide an adequate explanation of social change.

Parsons was mainly criticized by contemporary sociologist like Wright Mills. It is claimed that the grand theory is not based on facts but rather Parson had the intention of imposing his will on data interpretation. Parsons explains in his theory that the society has developed through history in three main stages. The first stage is the primitive stage followed by the archaic stage then the modern society that is the society of today. The archaic society had the ability to write where as the modern society has both the ability to write and knowledge of law (Parsons, 1975). He says that western civilization culminates the modern society. He further explains that the system of society has developed through adaptation, differentiation and upgrading. By comparing modern society to that of Americans and saying that it is the most modernized society, made his theory to be under attack for accusations of ethnocentrism.

He never satisfied his explanation of social change because he states the systems of society are trying to achieve equilibrium and that the evolution of society is similar to the evolution of human nature biologically. It is not possible for a society to attain a perfect equilibrium state since society and systems of social culture tend to lean more towards attaining social change. In addition to these criticisms, Parsons has also been criticized for his writing style which made it difficult for people to understand his claims well.

Karl Marx on the other hand was more focused on social change than on society attaining a state of equilibrium. His major failure was on the part that most of his predictions did not turn out to be true. For instance, he had predicted that capitalism will come to an end beginning with highly industrialized nations (Avineri, 1968). This never happened because it was China and the Soviet Union that first adopted socialism. His predictions were further met with a big hit by the falling out of communism in the Soviet Union and in China in the late 20th century. He also did not explain social change properly since he sensitized that maximum profit can only be achieved by increasing the labor force. He failed to realize that profit can also be attained by investments on technology and human capital.

Marx also predicted that inequality would increase and the gap between the rich and the poor would also rise due to capitalism. The working class would be more and more impoverished as they will be exploited by the rich. Trade unions have helped disapprove this Marxists claims by bringing reforms of liberal nature. Workers today have an improved state of work thanks to the involvement of trade unions in fighting for their rights. The working class that Marx had predicted to increase is reducing because of the replacement of industrialization with the service sector (Avineri, 1968). The only instant where Marx and his theory proved to be true was during the economic recession witnessed in 2008, but however world economies are pulling out of it.

Reference List

Avineri, S. (1968). The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx. Cambridge:

Cambridge University press.

Parsons, T. (1975). The Present Status of “Structural-Functional” Theory in Sociology.

In T. Persons, Social Systems and The Evolution of Action Theory. New York: The free press.

Posted in Uncategorized

Critique of a Quantitative Study

Critique of a Quantitative Study

Critique of a Quantitative Study

Name

Institution Affiliation

Date

Course

In “Interrelations of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence” Li, & Lerner argues in the essence that behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement are related in regards to how adolescents achieve in school. Li & Lerner goes ahead to state that the three aspects affect each other in regards to time. Based on my vast experience as a researcher, I have to say that I find Li, & Lerner opinions intellectual, fascinating, and possibly notably well worth following.

Li, & Lerner application of cognitive, behavior, and emotional aspects symbolizes how real and significant they are to the commitment of adolescents in schools. First and foremost, Li, & Lerner denotes that emotional characteristics affects behavioral aspects and cognitive aspects. This suggests that emotional engagement influences behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement, but the aspect regarding if cognitive affects emotional and behavioral engagements has not been fully investigated. Li & Lerner state that the blend of these three aspects has a great effect on an adolescent commitment in school.

Li & Lerner in the course of their research identified that emotion is the entry point or the key stimulator for the other engagements. They continued to state that when emotional commitment rises, it influences vigorous contribution, which thus leads to amplified cognitive engagement. Conversely, Li, & Lerner goes on to state that during their study, they did not expect that behavioral engagement would influence cognitive or emotional aspects in adolescents. Their research was based on positive youth development, an aspect that was to explain if behavioral engagements affect emotional and cognitive aspects. The research wanted to understand the effects of developmental assets effects in regards to positive youth development throughout adolescence. Li & Lerner used data that resulted from the Grades 9-11 waves or the waves five to seven from the 4-H study, which regards positive youth development. The 4-H study is an ongoing longitudinal scrutiny of adolescents that regards the measurements and definition the key structures of positive youth development, and understanding the effects of developmental assets effects in regards to positive youth development throughout adolescence.

The researcher steered by Li, & Lerner expected them to look at various demographic and non-demographic characteristics of the parent and the adolescents. The demographic and non-demographic characteristics were all written in the student and parent questionnaire. Li & Lerner argued that demographic and non-demographic characteristics were essential for the consideration of the school commitment of an adolescent. The key objective of the research was to analyze the interrelationships occurring among behavioral, cognitive, and emotional school engagement with time. The research assumed that emotions can be the access point to the relational process. However, the distinctions in the behavioral engagement influenced cognitive and emotional engagement. The research later identified that behavioral engagement was steady than cognitive and emotional aspects, which were discreetly steady. Li, & Lerner believed that the research would bring the anticipation that cognitive and emotional aspects could lead to extended behavioral engagement, and that past emotional engagement could influence cognitive engagement.

The complete present results showed that school engagement holds its personal inner dynamics, where behavior, cognition, and emotional aspects affect each other, thus intensifies over time. The conclusions were somewhat in line with the proposition that motivational opinions and positive emotions leads to the rise in participation, and that encouraging mood increases cognitive ability. Consequently, Li, & Lerner proposals regarding behavioral aspect twisted to be a significant predictor of cognitive and emotional engagement in both intervals. The most exceptional aspect with the results regards the connection between emotional and behavioral aspects is that it is not unidirectional, but bidirectional.

This critique backs its statements by referencing different researchers work and their proposal regarding that idea. Amongst the researchers it cites its work from is (Skinner et al.2008) who argued saying that behavior, cognition, and emotional affects each other, thus intensifying with time. The other scholar that Li, & Lerner referenced their work was (Glanville and Wildhagen 2007) who argued that school commitment is very important in academic achievement theories, as well as the broader child growth literature.

The basis of my critique will regard the aspect that behavior, cognition, and emotional influence each other, thus intensify themselves over time. Adolescents at this stage are said to have many conditions undergoing inside their bodies. Based on this fact, these three aspects are very vital in this stage as they tend to have the huge influence. Adolescents at this stage tend to change their behavior and emotions based on what goes on in their bodies. Basing on this fact, during adolescents, students tend to change their behaviors as a result of emotional changes, which thus escalate to cognitive engagement. The support and affection that adolescents get at this stage have a vital role in their performance in school. During this stage, many students tend to perform as per the affection they receive from the society. This is an aspect that Li & Lerner explains that there are other non-demographic and demographic aspects that pose a huge impact on the emotional, behavioral and cognitive engagements.

In conclusion, the study conducted by Li, & Lerner and (Skinner et al.2008) is very vital for teachers, parents and adolescent students. These articles are very instrumental as they point out the factors that play and influence the school engagement of adolescents. This study should also go further to understand how cognitive engagement affects emotional and behavioral aspects.

References

Glanville, J. L., & Wildhagen, T. (2007). The measurement of school engagement: Assessing dimensionality and measurement invariance across race and ethnicity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 1019–1041.

Skinner, E. A., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kindermann, T. (2008). Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic? Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 765–781.

Posted in Uncategorized

Critique Of An Essay

Critique Of An Essay

Critique Of An Essay

The introduction to the essay is not captivating and the grammar is not correct. The use of the word ‘so’ in a sentence must be followed by ‘that’. The essay should have started well and not with mistakes of sentence structure. The grammar used in the first paragraph should be improved to be of high standards. This means that the words used should be changed, in order to make the essay improve. The thesis statement is not structured well and should be shortened to communicate effectively to its reader. Some of the arguments presented in the thesis are not present in the essay’s body. More evidence should be provided to ensure that the reader obtains a lot of information regarding the arguments (Sherry, 2011).

The quotations have not been cited well, as the citations are found after the fool stop. This means that the citation has been placed at the wrong place. Explanations to the quotes are not given and the reader has to make their own conclusions. Upon reading the introduction, there is a lot of confusion regarding what it is about. The information has been mixed up, as one is not sure if the essay is about, parents, graduating or even students. The introduction is not captivating as the grammar, word choice, and punctuation are not correct as well as appropriate. There is contradiction between the conclusion and the essays purpose. The conclusion is a direct repetition of the thesis as well as the introduction (Sherry, 2011). It is not possible to identify the importance of the essay or what has been achieved. The conclusion ought to be more captivating, so that a person who has not read the essay can know what it is about.

The transition sentences have been stated, rather than being made to flow into the different paragraphs. There is no connection between the various paragraphs. There is not mention of music programs in the essays body, despite it being mentioned in the introductory paragraph. In order to connect the body paragraphs to the topic sentence, there have to be bridging clauses and this is not evident in the essay. Only a few transition words are used in the essay. This means that the reader has to make their own conclusions. Often, this is tiring to the readers and words of transition should have been used, such as; therefore, moreover, among others.

When quoting a sentence, it should not start at the beginning of the sentence without some explanation. Wordiness is an element present when the sentences are being quoted, and this should be reduced. An example of a long quoted sentence is “Parental effort is consistently associated with higher levels of achievement, and the magnitude of the effect of parental effort is substantial. We found that schools would need to increase per-pupil spending by more than $1,000 in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement (Beason, 1996).” There is no use of comma slices in most sentences to separate the various clauses. There are some paragraphs, which do not have any citation. This is plagiarism and it is an offense, which has serious consequences. The use of articles ‘the ‘and ‘a’ is not correct and this should be looked upon (Sherry, 2011). Also, some of the citations in the reference list have not been used in citing the essay. The essay should be reviewed thoroughly as well as proof read, in order to establish the mistakes it has.

References

Sherry, M. (2011). In Praise of the “F” Word. In Nadell, J., Langan, J., & Comodromos, E.A.

(2011). The Longman writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook (8th edition). New York, NY: Pearson.

Beason, T. (1996). Students Give Top Grades To These Tough Teachers – They

Won’t Accept Anything Less Than Excellent. The Seattle Times Retrieved from

http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960328&slug=2321424

Posted in Uncategorized

Critique of Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy

Critique of Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Critique of Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy

Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy is a critically acclaimed move based on a worldwide best-selling novel. The movie was filmed in Canada on the picturesque Prince Edward Island. The award winning movie depicts the drama of Anne Shirley’s life an orphan who struggles through her teenage but become successful as a young adult woman. Anne makers a remarkable transition from an impetuous, romantic orphan to became an adventurous, outspoken and an accomplished young teacher. It is a clear illustration of wit and emotional power and the activities of every other character in the story directly or indirectly influence her to become what powerful women she becomes. Amidst this, watcher can clearly see and distinguish clear massages on how one should behave, conduct himself/herself, act during certain circumstances or assert a sense of ownership in relation to their gender. The story provides example that one would follow in being feminine or masculine.

The society has numerous expectations on people. These expectations are based on many variables such as gender, and education. Anne is a lady but her manners during childhood and teenage a centrally to what lady should conduct herself like. Marilla, one of her adaptors works tirelessly to ensure that she adopts lady like mannerisms but she fails repeatedly. Anne first has difficult in controlling her temper and is very impulsive (Beth). This and her imaginative nature consistently land her in trouble. However, one can grow and overcome such challenges. Anne learned to control her temper and impulsive actions as she grew up. For instance, the young an picked up fights very easily. An example of this is when she attacks Gilbert for making fun of her red hair.

The red hair also point out to the insecurities that young girls have. In adolescence many girls struggle with insecurities especially with thing people can see and point out. But as they grow they become more aware and confident of whom they are. This is certainly evident of Anne, as she grows; she becomes more confident and is not anger by her looks. Being feminine could be challenging in the wake of this insecurities but when one learns on how to embraces this insecurities and look at them in a positive way, she turns the insecurities around grow more confident and achieve more success. Amidst such insecurities, ladies must also learn how not to be carried away by gossip (Fitzgibbons). People will always gossip and will always have something to say about you. You response to such gossip influences the way people treat you afterwards.

Femininity is not associated with aggressive war like behaviors. A lady must be calm. Certainly an a aggressive girl who picks up fights like the teenage Anne needs a lot of guidance and teaching to learn how to become calm and composed. Certainly, Marilla did a commendable job on Anne to mould her into a respectable woman. Gaining composure and calmness can only come by when one learns how to handle their insecurities’ and respond to what people say. One should not be ready to attack or how back insult to whoever insults her.

Life involves a lot of sacrifices to both men and women. Anne a hard working girl has great ambitions and even won a scholarship, however, she put her ambition on hold to remain on the Island and take care of Marilla who had become blind in her old age (Dunn). She scarified taking a scholarship for a four year degree course, and decides to take up a teaching job close to home so that she can be close enough to take care of Marilla. This kind of choice, sacrifice or decision comes from a great sense of responsibility. Both men and have responsibilities but the approach to responsibilities is different. Only responsible people can take care of the elderly loved ones, and only few can sacrifice their ambitions due to this kind of responsibility. Although masculinity involves a sense of responsibility, it is not a strong as it is in femininity. It the caring instinct and abilities that accompany femininity that made Anne sacrifice her dream to take care of Marilla. Certainly, the reckless, highly tempered teenage Anne would not have shown such a great amount of responsibility and sacrifice.

Femininity is not an excuse for laziness. Ladies can draw lesson from Anne’s story; she is not lazy but hardworking who strive to realize her own dreams. Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy presents to young girls an opportunity to watch a life being built through honest hard work (Fruhling). Any work hard with a target and objective in mind taking each challenge as it comes by. She even changes her attitudes and mannerism on her way to become respectable teacher, wife and mother.

In conclusion, the Anne of Green Gables Movie Trilogy presents an inspiration story that can be used to improve and shape the lives of young girls to nature them into respectable ladies. Young girls must understand that femininity is not associated with warlike mannerisms, quick tempers and impulsive acts. A lady ought to be calm and always think before acting. Insecurities are part of every ladies life, but no one should ever allow insecurities to be their source of weakness. Every lady should learn how to positively handle her insecurities. Women should have a great sense of responsibility and should work hard to realize their drams. Hard and honest work always pays well. Finally, making sacrifices is part of life. At one time in life one has to choose between pursuing their ambition or a sacrificing their ambition to help a friend or a relative. The way one handles such a moment speaks volumes on their personality.

Works Cited

“Anne of Green Gables Trilogy Set Box.” Dir. Kevin Sullivan. Perf. Richard Farnsworth, Megan Follows, Colleen Dewhurst. Sullivan Entertainment. 2005.

Beth, Lisa. “Fourth Anne of Green Gables Movie Announced, Will be a Prequel” July 9, 2007. Web. September 12, 2012. < http://voices.yahoo.com/fourth-anne-green-gables-movie-announced-will-be-424315.html?cat=40>

Dunn, Warren. “Anne of Green Gables” 2012. Web. September 12, 2012 <http://ossuslibrary.tripod.com/Mov_Fiction/AnneofGreenGables.htm>

Fitzgibbons, Caitlin. “Life Lessons from Anne with an E” Web. September 12, 2012. <http://hellogiggles.com/life-lessons-from-anne-with-an-e>

Fruhling , Zachary. “Anne of Green Gables is a Great Film for Kids and Romantics Alike.” May 31, 2007. Web. September 12, 2012. < http://voices.yahoo.com/anne-green-gables-great-film-kids-and-366376.html?cat=38>

Posted in Uncategorized