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Investigating the Ethical Concerns Associated with Corporate

Investigating the Ethical Concerns Associated with Corporate Finance and How to Manage them

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Investors all over the world are becoming more interested in ethical finance. Research reveals that the growth of ethical or Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) continues to outperform that of traditional investment techniques (Chelawat & Trivedi, 2013). For instance, at the beginning of 2010, SRI assets surpassed $3 trillion, an increment of roughly 34% in five years, compared to barely 3% for traditionally managed assets. Also, SRI assets increased by 13% during the recession, compared to 1% for traditional, professionally managed assets (Chelawat & Trivedi, 2013). The author further adds that a growing number of investment consultants and analysts acknowledge the significance of ethics and integrate them into investment decision-making. Marantika et al. (2020) further reveal financial decisions impact company value in corporate finance, and they are influenced by corporate manager decisions about the uptake, distribution, and allocation of financial resources, all while remaining under the control of corporate governance. Thus, corporate finance has become more important in terms of business valuation, which has a positive impact on the generation of value. Notably, corporate finance refers to the financial decisions made by corporate executives to improve the effectiveness of the company’s financial management (Marantika et al., 2020).

Research reveals that the underdeveloped nature of banking systems and financial markets of many nations (mainly in frontier and emerging markets) has led to alternative investment financing options, such as microfinance firms (Sahut et al., 2018). To serve this niche, some of the major international banks have partnered with providers of local microcredit to demonstrate their commitment to social development and make a profit. Banks are progressively rethinking their actions and requirements to finance projects and businesses in developing nations. In times of economic crises, investment funds tied to social commitment goals demonstrate more consistency in their benefits than funds whose main goal is profit, as Gangi and Trotta (2015) point out. According to Sahut et al. (2018), this implies that the economic and moral values associated with ethics provide balance and solidity to corporate finance during profit-seeking in the markets. Despite this fact, to the best of my knowledge, researchers have focused very little effort on investigating the ethical concerns in corporate finance. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the ethical concerns in corporate finance and defining ways to manage them so that corporate finance can continue enjoying the benefits of ethics in the financial industry.

Statement of the Problem

According to the literature review, ethical finance and socially responsible investing research have been focused on a few areas. While certain significant topics, such as the financial performance of ethical funds and indices, have gotten sufficient attention from scholars, many others require more investigation (Chelawat & Trivedi, 2013). One of these areas is ethical issues associated with corporate finance. Sahut et al. (2018) reveal that an in-depth investigation of the topic of ethical finance and governance is particularly pertinent owing to the increasing number and severity of corporate fraud episodes. The WorldCom, Lehman Brothers, and Enron scandals have served to undermine investors’ and public confidence. On a different note, Melé et al. (2017) urge that we must retain the future before it is too late by reversing the financialization procedure and ensuring that finance sector operates in the interest of human dignity. To achieve this, this study aims to uncover the ethical concerns associated with corporate finance.

Research Aims and Objectives

Following the recent financial crises and its ramifications, it has become more important than ever to consider the relationship between finance and accounting, means of integrating ethics and efficacy, and how to empower and to motivate finance practitioners to commit to fairness, to justice, and increased understanding, as well as to enhance their integrity (Melé et al., 2017). The primary goal of this study is to uncover ethical concerns prevalent in corporate finance and define how they can be managed. The following specific objectives will guide the study to achieve this goal.

To determine how ethics affect corporate financial performance.

To determine ethical concerns in corporate finance.

To define ways of managing ethical concerns associated with corporate finance.

Research Questions

The following research questions have been formulated from the research aims and objectives to guide the study.

What are the effects of ethics on corporate financial performance?

What are the ethical concerns in corporate finance?

How can ethical concerns associated with corporate finance be managed?

LITERATURE REVIEW

This section covers the literature review related to the topic under study. The goal of this section is to provide the reader as well as the researcher with a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. The section covers the concept of corporate finance and ethics. It further discusses ethics in finance.

Corporate Finance

Corporate finance is an important aspect of any company in today’s economic world. It is the department in charge of how firms and organizations manage their funding sources, accounting, capital structuring, and investment decisions. Corporate finance encompasses a wide variety of activities, ranging from capital investment decisions to investment banking. For instance, it is concerned with increasing shareholders’ value through financial planning, dividend distribution, and other tactics (Ethics in Corporate Finance, 2022). They are also in charge of taxation and capital investments. Furthermore, the department regulates managers’ behavior to improve the worth of the firm to shareholders without being motivated by self-interest. It also provides analyses and methods for allocating financial resources.

Ethics and Corporate Ethics

Ethics refers to a person’s collection of moral principles. The role of ethics is to determine what is wrong and what is right. It’s also known as a code of conduct, which most individuals do not want to break. Ethics exist to assist us and provide advice for our actions that have an impact on others (Ethics in Corporate Finance, 2022). Morals, standards, and values are all important aspects of ethics. People will act unethically if they quit following their own morals, which might result in adverse effects such as job loss, jail time, large fines, or reputational damage. Eisses (2017) defines corporate ethics as the sense of ethical content in an organization’s procedures and practices by its members.

If a behavior does not conform to a high standard or if it is morally wrong, it is termed unethical. A perfect example of unethical behavior in a business is insider trading. Businesses must ensure that their employees embrace honesty, fairness, and respect to avoid this. Even if governments and regulators use legislative reform to prevent misconduct, it is still not enough to ensure that a company is totally ethical. This is the main reason why businesses must build an ethical framework and a culture of integrity. Firms require a well-developed set of ethical guidelines to assist in analyzing decisions and their potential conduct from an ethical perspective. Since ethical issues in corporate finance have been largely ignored by scholars, it is important to uncover the unethical issues in this sector. These issues can serve as a guide for developing a set of ethical guidelines to assist in analyzing decisions and potential conduct of financial institutions from an ethical perspective.

Ethics in Finance

Research reveals that accounting and finance are technical tools with a close connection to ethics (Melé et al., 2017). The South African divestment movement is an excellent example of how ethics ties in with corporate finance. When South Africam(SA) was under the segregationist apartheid system in the mid-1980s, American university students attacked American companies doing business in SA in an attempt to overthrow it. Divestment campaign’s participants lobbied their own institutions to divest from those corporations. The plan was to destabilize South Africa’s finances to the point that it would be forced to change, and the strategy was a success. Over 200 American companies had divested from SA by 1990, taking approximately $1 billion worth of investment from the nation’s economy. Those businesses had clearly received the message from the student-led university divestment and chose to conduct business elsewhere. The corporations’ activities represented an ethical use of financial capital, even though their motivation was purely financial. There are now publicly available lists of companies that exemplify SRI. Companies with strong environmental policies, social responsibility, and governance are more likely to be included on the list (Ethics in Corporate Finance, 2022).

While explaining the relationship between corporate finance and ethics, Melé et al. (2017) urge that accounting and finance cannot work without, and trust cannot be achieved without ethics. Ethics in finance is also built on a culture of integrity. Notably, ethics covers actions, anticipated repercussions, and people participating in any human activity, with or without their virtues (Melé et al., 2017). In the field of finance, the definition of ethics relates to the proper use of money, whether it is one’s own or someone else’s money. Christen (2022) further urge that dealing with a company’s financial resources entails a lot of risks and decision-making, which presents many opportunities for unethical practices. Government and regulator regulatory improvements are insufficient to ensure that a corporation is entirely ethical; therefore, firms require a created set of standards to analyze actions and evaluate prospective conduct from an ethical standpoint (Christen, 2022). In order to establish such a set of standards in corporate finance, it is vital to understand the most prevalent unethical practices in this sector. This study will uncover the ethical issues associated with corporate finance.

Investors, customers, and the general public have been known to reject and boycott businesses that violate ethical standards. However, businesses that adhere to ethical standards reap substantial financial rewards. Therefore, individuals involved in corporate finance in the contemporary world must have a strong basis in ethics (Ethics in Corporate Finance, 2022). Ethics in finance is associated with various benefits, including assisting in avoiding legal issues, maintaining a good reputation with customers and high consumer confidence, minimizing financial risks, and allowing an organization to enjoy a positive corporate culture and a motivated and dedicated ethical workforce. Ethics also allow financial institutions to understand their social license to operate and promote social responsibility (The Importance of Ethics in Finance, 2022).

METHODOLOGYIntroduction

This section includes an outline of the research methods employed in this study. Various concepts are covered, including research design, search method, and data gathering and analysis procedures.

Research Design

In this research, I employed a literature-based approach. Newman and Gough (2020) reveal that literature analysis is used to construct arguments based on what a researcher already knows and does not know about a subject. To determine how ethics affect corporate financial performance, the ethical concerns in corporate finance, and determine ways of managing ethical concerns associated with corporate finance, I used a meta-analysis and full systematic literature review. A systematic literature review is a research strategy for identifying and critically evaluating relevant research and gathering and analyzing data from previous studies (Snyder, 2019). On the other hand, a meta-analysis entails merging results from several researchers to compare and emphasize links, patterns, and conflicts that emerge in the context of various studies on the same topic (Snyder, 2019).

Search Strategy and Selection Criteria

I used recognized databases such as EbscoHost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Sage publications, and Science Direct to select the most relevant publications for review. Several search phrases were used to find relevant data sources. “Effects of ethics on corporate financial performance,” “corporate finance and ethics,” “managing ethical issues in corporate finance,” and “ethical issues and corporate finance” are among them. I also refined the search results using Boolean operators such as NOT, AND, OR, and truncation and wildcard techniques. Also, I used an ancestry search to locate potential sources. This entailed keeping track of all relevant footnotes and cited references and incorporating them in the review. To discover relevant and reliable sources of data, I devised a set of exclusion and inclusion criteria.

Based on the inclusion criterion, I only reviewed articles on corporate finance and ethics. I reviewed studies published in the last ten years to ensure that only the most up-to-date material was included in the report. Also, I only included publications written in English to ensure that the data sources were understood. In my analysis, I only included peer-reviewed and scholarly journal papers. Furthermore, I only considered papers that were published in full text and had free access. This was done to ensure that full information regarding the study under consideration was readily available. All studies that did not match the criterion for inclusion were excluded.

After preliminary screening, I retrieved all of the studies that were deemed relevant and trustworthy for this research. I prepared a data extraction sheet, which included publication information as well as study parameters such as sample size, location, design, and results. The risk of bias for the papers selected for review was established by focusing on methodological issues such as the research design’s adequacy.

Data Analysis Procedure

I performed a thematic and content analysis of the secondary data to address the three research questions. I started data analysis by performing thematic analysis to amass evidence from the different sources and generate themes. I then performed content analysis to critically analyze the generated themes. The findings are resented in the next section.

RESEARCH FINDINGSIntroduction

The goal of this research was three-fold. First, the study aimed to determine the ethical concerns in corporate finance. Secondly, this study sought to determine how ethics affect corporate financial performance. Lastly, the study sought to uncover practical ways of managing ethical concerns associated with corporate finance. This section presents the study findings. The research questions guided the presentation of findings.

RQ1: What are the effects of ethics on corporate financial performance?

One of the effects of ethics on corporate financial performance is the validation of return on investments. Usually, corporate finance relies on venture capital funding and the reinvestments of own capital, which requires ethical conduct. As such, ethics helps keep accurate records of the long-term success of corporate finance. By keeping the records, the corporate finance can announce the returns, which are the products of the fraudulent accounting that may lead to issues that rises to ultimate hurt on the performance (Kim & Li, 2021). Therefore, ethical practices help corporate finance avoid negative financial results and legal challenges upon discovering unethical conduct. As a result, the company can prove the consistency of the return on investments by focusing on the effective operation by limiting the distractions of the negative public perception and bad press that may hurt the business.

Ethics also assists in improving the employee’s morale. In the corporate finance department, employees prefer working where they get treated with dignity, fairness, and respect. When corporate finance uses a high standard of business conduct, employees will work with the perception of moral and ethical treatment (Landi & Sciarelli, 2018). In return, the employees accord the customers utmost respect while delivering the services. As such, the customer’s loyalty gets generated, leading to the achievement of more market share, thereby creating business success.

Ethics also assist in minimizing financial risks. The ethics in corporate finance minimizes the financial risk since the financial managers and operator works with integrity and moral uprightness as defined by the ethical values. Also, ethics enables the controllers to develop accounting procedures principled in a particular dimension characterized by the internal control for credibility (Landi & Sciarelli, 2018). Therefore, the financial controller behaves ethically in both the professional ad private life leading to the minimization of financial risks like thefts and miscalculations. Furthermore, through ethical conduct, the worker understands the social license that operates and promotes social responsibility in the management of finance documentation.

RQ2: What are the ethical concerns in corporate finance?

One of the most common ethical issues in finance is insider trading. Insider trading entails the purchase or sale of stocks and securities based on information that has been shared but is not publicly available (Ethics in Corporate Finance, 2022). An insider is typically someone in a business management position of a corporate entity or an individual with whom they share information for their personal gain. Insider trading in corporate finance is motivated by the opportunity of making a large profit using information not yet made public. Such information provides the trader with a significant competitive advantage over other traders in the same security.

Another ethical concern in corporate finance is fraud. Melé et al. (2017) claim that frauds have been reported in corporate finance, with the most commonly reported causes being ineffective corporate governance and control mechanisms, inefficient boards, accounting irregularities, distorted incentive schemes, auditor failures, dysfunctional behavior of managers, and a lack of a sound ethical tone at the top.

Another ethical issue in corporate finance is a lack of professionalism. In corporate finance, it is expected that professionalism complies with all applicable regulations without misinterpretation and misconduct (Bagry, 2022). All dealings/transactions should be conducted with transparency and integrity. Financial managers must also operate in the best interests of their clients and employers when conflicts of interest arise. Another aspect of your job is to protect your own and your employer’s reputation. Some argue that the risk of embarrassment and reputational damage is enough to deter financial executives from acting unethically. According to industry experts, more regulation is required since financial ethics cannot overcome temptation (Bagry, 2022).

Other ethical issues in corporate finance include cheating clients about their trading profits, misuse of customers’ funds for personal gain, corruption and larceny, unauthorized translations, and mispricing customer trades.

RQ3: How can ethical concerns associated with corporate finance be managed?

One way to manage the ethical concerns associated with corporate finance is by adhering to the ethics codified in corporate finance. A significant number of American Companies and financial markets have adopted ethical codes, which are usually issued by regulatory authorities such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which is one of the leading securities industry regulators. This agency is in charge of enforcing federal laws and regulations that govern the ethical behavior of organizations and individuals in the securities sector. Furthermore, a number of firms have established their own ethics departments to self-regulate their financial behavior.

Another way of managing ethical concerns is through the promotion of good management. Melé et al. (2017) urge that most unethical decisions and financial scandals have taken place due to pressure to achieve immediate results. According to the author, such decisions could be avoided with effective management.

Another way of managing ethical issues in corporate finance is by promoting professionalism. Lail et al. (2015) urge that even though reforms should be the first step in restoring financial reporting systems, virtuous professionalism is required to restore corporate finance.

Another way to manage ethical issues in corporate finance is by imposing legal liability on professionals. According to Alzola (2016), among the causes of increasing corporate scandals and recent financial crises is the inability of professional gatekeepers to detect and disrupt corporate misbehavior. Alzola (2016) further urges that the solution to this problem is imposing legal liability on professionals.

CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONConclusion

The first goal of this study was to determine the effects of ethics on corporate financial performance. Findings revealed that ethical practices help corporate finance avoid negative financial results and legal challenges upon discovering unethical conduct. As a result, the company can prove the consistency of the return on investments by focusing on the effective operation by limiting the distractions of the negative public perception and bad press that may hurt the business. Also, findings revealed that ethics assists in improving the employee’s morale and assist in minimizing financial risks.

Another goal of the study was to identify the ethical concerns in corporate finance. Among the identified ethical issues is insider trading. This is the purchase or sale of stocks and securities based on information that has been shared but is not publicly available. Fraud is another ethical issue in corporate finance. Other ethical issues identified include lack of professionalism, cheating clients about their trading profits, misuse of customers’ funds for personal gain, corruption and larceny, unauthorized translations, and mispricing customer trades.

Lastly, this study sought to uncover practical ways of managing ethical issues in corporate finance. One way to manage the ethical concerns associated with corporate finance is by adhering to the ethics codified in corporate finance. Other ways of managing ethical concerns are through the promotion of good management and imposing legal liability on professionals.

Limitations of the Study

There were a few drawbacks to this study. To begin with, the study was restricted to the use of secondary data, preventing the researcher from obtaining primary data to supplement the findings from the secondary data. Besides, the fact that the researcher was responsible for data extraction, processing, and interpretation, increased the risk of researcher’s bias. However, to deal with this limitation, the researcher cited all the materials from which data were extracted.

Recommendations

Corporate finance should adhere to the ethics codified in corporate finance, practice good management, promote professionalism, and impose legal liability on professionals. Since this study has focused on ethical issues in corporate finance and how to manage them, future scholars should explore guidelines to assist corporate finance in analyzing decisions and their potential conduct from an ethical perspective.

References

Alzola, M. (2017). Beware of the watchdog: Rethinking the normative justification of gatekeeper liability. Journal of business ethics, 140(4), 705-721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3460-3Chelawat, C. A., & Trivedi, I. V. (2013). Ethical finance: Trends and emerging issues for research. International Journal of Business Ethics in Developing Economies, 2, 2.

Chelawat, C. A., & Trivedi, I. V. (2013). Ethical finance: Trends and emerging issues for research. International Journal of Business Ethics in Developing Economies, 2, 2.

Christen, T. (2022). Corporate Finance in relation to Ethics. Retrieved 18 April 2022, from https://www.gestiopolis.com/corporate-finance-in-relation-to-ethics/.

Eisses, M. T. (2017). The effect of corporate ethics on corporate financial performance focussing on internal stakeholders.

Ethics in Corporate Finance | UT Permian Basin Online. The University of Texas Permian Basin | UTPB. (2022). Retrieved 18 April 2022, from https://online.utpb.edu/about-us/articles/business/ethics-in-corporate-finance/.

Gangi, F., & Trotta, C. (2015). The ethical finance as a response to the financial crises: An empirical survey of European SRFs performance. Journal of Management & Governance, 19(2), 371-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-013-9264-7Kim, S., & Li, Z. F. (2021). Understanding the impact of ESG practices in corporate finance. Sustainability, 13(7), 3746. https://www.mdpi.com/1050564Lail, B., MacGregor, J., Marcum, J., & Stuebs, M. (2017). Virtuous professionalism in accountants to avoid fraud and to restore financial reporting. Journal of business ethics, 140(4), 687-704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2875-yLandi, G., & Sciarelli, M. (2018). Towards a more ethical market: the impact of ESG rating on corporate financial performance. Social Responsibility Journal. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SRJ-11-2017-0254/full/htmlMarantika, A., Rathod, H. S., Chauhan, R., Putri, L. T., & Maseleno, A. (2020). Ethics in Finance, Financial Globalization, and Stakeholder Responsibility: New Concept of Corporate Finance. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(01), 1556-1563.

Melé, D., Rosanas, J. M., & Fontrodona, J. (2017). Ethics in finance and accounting: Editorial introduction. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(4), 609-613.

Newman, M., & Gough, D. (2020). Systematic reviews in educational research: Methodology, perspectives, and application. Systematic reviews in educational research, pp.3-22.

Sahut, J. M., Saadi, S., Switzer, L., & Teulon, F. (2018). Ethical finance and governance. Journal of Applied Accounting Research.

Sifah, D. (2009). Ethics: An essential prerequisite of the financial system. Finance Bien Commun, (1), 46-57.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, pp.333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039The Importance of Ethics in Finance | Build a Culture of Business Integrity. Kelley School of Business Executive Education. (2022). Retrieved 18 April 2022, from https://execed.kelley.iu.edu/the-importance-of-ethics-in-finance/.

Investigating the Impact of Romantic Relationships on Academic Performance of High School Students

Investigating the Impact of Romantic Relationships on Academic Performance of High School Students

General Research Question

1. What is the relationship between romantic relationships and the academic performance of high school students?

Specific Research Questions

1. What is the impact of romantic relationships on the student’s motivation to study?

2. What is the impact of romantic relationships on student time management?

3. Is there a significant difference in the academic performance of female and male students in a romantic relationship?

Hypothesis

H0: There is a significant relationship between being in a romantic relationship and student motivation to study.

H1: There is no significant relationship between being in a romantic relationship and student motivation to study.

H0: There is a significant relationship between being in a romantic relationship and student time management.

H1: There is no significant relationship between being in a romantic relationship and student time management.

H0: There is a significant difference in the academic performance of female and male students in a romantic relationship.

H1: There is no significant difference in the academic performance of female and male students in a romantic relationship.

Irving and Poe Writing Styles

Irving and Poe Writing Styles

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Irving and Poe Writing Styles

Irving and Poe were both authors who demonstrated the writing style of the Romantic period. The two had numerous comparisons, and nonetheless, they possessed even more dissimilarities, in both writing the subject as well as style. All this is apparent in their writings, “The fall of the House of Usher,” written by Poe and in “Rip Van Winkle,” by Irving. They both apply their inordinate aptitudes to take and guide the readers into the story. It is evident that Edgar Poe contributed a lot to the revolution of the short story for example from a tale to an art. He effectively generated the detective story and improved the psychological thriller (Poe, 2018). Correspondingly he created some of the most significant fictional criticism during his period. Therefore his contributions are strong theoretical statements on poetry as well as the short story, and thus this has resulted in a positive worldwide influence on literature. He assisted in pioneering the short story through the use of prevailing plus innovative essentials whereby he afterward revolutionized literature.

The differences between Irving and Poe are that Irving typically applied humor in his works whereas Poe applied horror. An instance of Irving applying humor is his explanation of Rip developing some asleep from the alcohol consumption for about twenty years when met the Dutchmen. On the contrary, Poe took the more morbid method of nightmare, evil, death, and crime towards his writings (Irving, 2014). He did this by exploiting the fear that is in each of every person by bringing horrific actions and imaginations in his writings. Consequently, Poe implements the Gothic method in composition, by captivating a full benefit of gothic subject matter, fundamentals and some conspiracies besides lingering on murder, violence as well as insanity. A classical piece of this type is “The Fall of the House of Usher,” which presents a distressing atmosphere, man’s psychological terror and the dark plot to disclose the procedure of disintegration plus obliteration of the humanoid mind (Poe, 2018).

The two authors use distinctions of classic goliath writing in their workings. The two significant features of the goliath in literature are the use of colors, precisely black, red plus white besides the depiction of supernatural concepts or beings in daily life. All these are evident in both the authors’ writings. Poe has used colors in his writings and also uses supernatural notions as convincing forces that interrelated with their characters. In his short story “The Fall of the House of Usher,” Poe uses both the interplay of dark and light colors and also moods plus supernatural ideas. In “The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow, Irving exhibits Crane riding home through the woods where he is continually showing the shifting shadows as well as the interplay of light plus dark in the trees (Irving, 2014). Moreover, the whole story is based on beliefs in ghosts plus supernatural beings. Therefore in both of these stories by these two authors, they have applied gothic in a significant manner as they have used color, the interplay of dark plus light as well as supernatural beliefs and ideas.

References

Irving, W. (2014). The legend of sleepy hollow and other stories. Penguin Classics.

Poe, E. A. (2018). The Fall of the House of Usher. Clap Publishing, LLC..

Is Death Penalty Effective

Is Death Penalty Effective

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Is Death Penalty Effective

The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, involves the offenders’ execution sentenced to death following the conviction by courts of law of particular criminal offenses. Although the terms death penalty and capital punishment are sometimes used interchangeably, Clark (2017) shows that the execution does not always follow the penalty. The proponents of death punishment argue that death punishment helps deter crime and fulfill other goals of punishment. However, death punishment opponents say that it is unethical, inhumane, and does not meet the punishment goals. There has been a lot of controversy regarding the imposition of the death penalty.

In the United States, death punishment has been restored since the year 1976. The number of approximately killed inmates was thirty in 2015 (Spitzberg et al. 2018). Most states that were affected were Virginia, Florida, Texas, and Missouri. It was said that two thousand nine hundred and eighty-four convicts were waiting on the death row (Spitzberg et al. 2018). For the last two decades, research has shown that Americans were in great support of punishment through death. The support has been seen to fall steadily with time though the majority of the republicans are in agreement with the act. The Democrats oppose this capital punishment and ask for its review (Spitzberg et al. 2018). Also, the issue of racial discrimination has been evident in many death penalties. African American people have become most victims of this punishment (Steiker et al. 2015).

Firstly, there is controversy concerning whether the death punishment helps in enhancing retribution. According to Villalobos (2020), the proponents of death punishment argue that it satisfies the principle of retribution when punishing severe offenses like murder. The proponents’ primary argument is that guilty individuals should be punished and that the punishments should proportional to the crime severity. These arguments are based on the belief that justice requires individuals to suffer for their wrongdoing and suffer in a manner that reflects their crimes. Retribution requires all offenders to face punishments that reflect their punishments. Therefore, in such cases, the most appropriate punishment for murder would be the death penalty. Chan et al. (2018) also show that the proponents of death punishment also argue that the courts should heed to the society’s cry for justice and judgments that befit various crimes. Steiker et al. (2019) show that capital punishment proponents often support their arguments with the biblical concept of “an eye for an eye.” However, Baumgartner et al. (2017) show that the idea is usually misinterpreted. The idea means that only the guilty should face punishments and that the sentences should neither be too lenient nor too severe. Most opponents of the death penalty argue that the penalty acts as vengeance somewhat instead of retribution, and it is a morally wrong concept. Also, Villalobos (2020) claims that the anticipatory suffering of the offenders who may sometimes be kept in a death row for too long awaiting their execution makes the punishment too severe, violating the principle of retribution the amount of penalty should reflect the crime.

Secondly, there are dilemmas regarding whether the death penalty acts as a deterrence against murder and other serious crimes. The death penalty proponents argue that executing convicted murders would instill fear and prevent other peoples from committing similar crimes. However, Steiker et al. (2019) argue that there is no significant correlation between the death penalty and murder deterrence. Also, Chan et al. (2018), some of the executed individuals could not be prevented from engaging in similar crimes due to mental defects and illness. According to Clark (2017), some murders are committed in very emotional states that contain the offenders from thinking about the consequences of their acts, hence previous execution of the convicted criminals cannot deter such crimes. Also, there are doubts about whether the death penalty deters crimes more than life imprisonment. The opponents of the death penalty argue that the anticipatory period before the convicted criminals’ execution minimizes the death punishment’s deterrent effect. Villalobos (2020) indicates that a long gap between the crime and the punishment, either by certainty or time, nullifies the punishments’ deterrent effect. Also, capital punishment’s deterrent effect would be more significant if the punishments were executed in public places and in a humiliating way. However, convicted criminals are always perpetrated in private places and relatively painless methods that use drugs and injections, reducing the criminals’ deterrent effects. However, some proponents of the death penalty argue that the sentence is effective even if it fails to satisfy the punishment’s deterrent goal. For instance, Steiker et al. (2019) argue that executing murderers helps reduce their number, hence decreasing the murder of innocent individuals.

Rehabilitation is another crucial goal of punishment. Clark (2017) shows that rehabilitation involves changing a criminal’s behavior to mold them into legally abiding citizens of society. However, the death penalty does not allow the rehabilitation of the offenders’ behaviors and returning them to the community. The proponents of death punishment argue that the penalty enables the criminals’ rehabilitation during the anticipatory periods. For instance, Villalobos (2020) indicates that some offenders use the anticipatory period to express remorse of their acts, repent, and undergo spiritual rehabilitation before their execution. However, the argument does not support capital punishment but seeks to prove that capital punishment can lead to rehabilitation.

The death penalty proponents also argue that the penalty prevents reoffending since the executed criminals cannot kill again; however, the opponents of the penalty dispute this argument by providing other punishment methods for offenders from society. The proponents of the death punishment counter this argument by arguing that although there are minimal cases, some people escape from the prison and kills again, hence necessitating the death penalty. The proponents of capital punishment also argue that although the imprisonment without parole prevents the society from the threats caused by the convicted murderers, the murders are a significant threat to the prison police and the staffs. Therefore, the best way of preventing the reoccurrence of murder offenses would-be offenders’ execution.

Some proponents of the death penalty argue that it acts as an incentive to help police in their investigations. Baumgartner et al. (2017) show that plea bargaining is used to support the police in their investigation in most countries. The process enables the prisoners to get a reduced jail term if they agree to collaborate with the police in digging more evidence. Clark (2017) indicates that when the death penalty is the most probable punishment, the prisoners are more willing to collaborate with the police officers to reduce their punishments, at least to life imprisonment. However, Villalobos (2020) argues that using the death penalty to fetch for evidence from individuals is torture and should be never be tolerated.

According to Chan et al. (2018), the death penalty is also used for psychological benefit. For instance, Clark (2017) shows that the penalty usually symbolizes that bad things happen to people who deserve them in Japan. Also, Villalobos (2020) also shows bad things happening to people who deserve them, reinforce the contrary view that good things happen to those who deserve them, creating a psychological effect that makes people feel rewards for good deeds, hence fostering hard work and other values.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there is massive controversy on the effectiveness of the death penalty in averting crimes. The proponents of the death penalty serve various principles of the punishments including the deterrence, retribution, sacrificial rehabilitation, avoids reoccurrence of crimes, makes the prisoners collaborate with the police in various investigations in exchange with a reduced jail term, and reinforces psychological believes that fosters hard work and lead a good life. However, the opponents of the death punishment do jot exhaustively serves the punishment goals. Death penalties fail to provide a chance for offenders’ rehabilitation and do not enhance retribution and deterrence against crime. Proponents of death punishment also argue that although the police use the penalty in doing their investigations in exchange for reduced jail term. However, the penalty acts as the offender’s humiliation to produce some evidence, amounting to torture. In general, the death penalty is unethical, and it fails to satisfy all the punishment goals. The NGOs, public, and other stakeholders should continue advocating for the complete removal of the death penalty, considering ethical consideration and respect for human dignity.

References

Baumgartner, F., Davidson, M., Johnson, K., Krishnamurthy, A., & Wilson, C. (2017). Deadly Justice: A statistical portrait of the death penalty. Oxford University Press.

Chan, W. C., Tan, E. S., Lee, J. T. T., & Mathi, B. (2018). How strong is public support for the death penalty in Singapore?. Asian journal of criminology, 13(2), 91-107.

Clark, R. (2017). To Abolish the Death Penalty. In Capital Punishment (pp. 176-180). Routledge.

Steiker, C. S., & Steiker, J. M. (2019). The American Death Penalty: Alternative Model for Ordinary Criminal Justice or Exception that Justifies the Rule? New Criminal Law Review, 22(4), 359-390.

Villalobos, A. (2020). Countering Pro-Death Penalty Attitudes.

Ye, X., Sharag-Eldin, A., Spitzberg, B., & Wu, L. (2018). Analyzing public opinions on death penalty abolishment. Chinese Sociological Dialogue, 3(1), 53-75.

Steiker, C. S., & Steiker, J. M. (2015). The American death penalty and the (in) visibility of race. The University of Chicago Law Review, 243-294.

Is Death Penalty Effective

Citation:

Baumgartner, F., Davidson, M., Johnson, K., Krishnamurthy, A., & Wilson, C. (2017). Deadly Justice: A statistical portrait of the death penalty. Oxford University Press.

Annotation:

The authors in their book try to bring out a bigger picture of the death penalty. They suggest that retribution is not enough evidence for capital punishment. They bring up questions on how the punishment could be made proportionate and given to the worst offenders. Also, they suggest that a limit should be kept on the number of crimes to which the death penalty is to be given.

Citation:

Chan, W. C., Tan, E. S., Lee, J. T. T., & Mathi, B. (2018). How strong is public support for the death penalty in Singapore?. Asian journal of criminology, 13(2), 91-107.

Annotation:

The article studies the strength of public support for the death penalty in Singapore. It states that Singapore is well known for use using the death penalty for drug trafficking and murder cases. Singapore makes the death penalty mandatory but later amended for the judge to give an option of life imprisonment. The article reports on findings that assess knowledge and support of the death penalty.

Citation:

Steiker, C. S., & Steiker, J. M. (2015). The American death penalty and the (in) visibility of race. The University of Chicago Law Review, 243-294.

Annotation:

This article talks about the American death penalty and racial discrimination in the ruling. The authors say that racial injustice is common in American criminal justice and this causes suffering to most black Americans as they become victims. The article details how the blacks were mistreated during the civil war and how the Supreme court avoided racism.

Citation:

Steiker, C. S., & Steiker, J. M. (2019). The American Death Penalty: Alternative Model for Ordinary Criminal Justice or Exception that Justifies the Rule? New Criminal Law Review, 22(4), 359-390.

Annotation:

This article looks at the alternative models for the ordinary criminal justice system. The authors state that the Supreme Court has come up with a substitute justice system limited to capital cases. This includes; proportionality in sentence outcomes, the requirement of individualized sentencing, and regulating the defense counsel. These regulations were set under the statement that ‘death is different.’

Citation:

Villalobos, A. (2020). Countering Pro-Death Penalty Attitudes.

Annotation:

In this article, the authors suggest that the death penalty has been the main issue in many prisons. The authors tested two methods regarding how they would change the minds of individuals towards the death penalty. They tested the innocent-risk argument that suggests that there is greater risk in killing someone innocent. They then tested the deterrence-risk argument that states that the death penalty is not the best way to handle a capital offense. They found out that the innocent-risk situation increased the probability of reducing death penalty attitudes.

IS EDUCATION WORTH THE COST

IS EDUCATION WORTH THE COST?

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Instructor

Course

Date

Is Education Worth The Cost?

Different norms and beliefs define a society. However, when it comes to education, there is a manner in which it is viewed as one that determines a person’s place in the community. Education in the contemporary world has been taken as one of the essential parts of society. However, in a real sense, it is not everything that matters. First of all, education is very costly and in this concerning college and university education. Many people spent a lot of money on education, which does not help them that much, and education does not get into their minds. This is what becomes for some college students a time well spent making new friends and having new experiences‌ (Kerr, 2019).

Most high school students in the United States wait eagerly after finishing high school for a letter of acceptance or rejection from their different universities of choice. This means, therefore, the transition has to take place, and most of the parents have to use a lot of money to prepare their children for college life. Most of the parents go shopping and pay school fees, which are very much, and they can sometimes go even a further effort to get loans for their children to have a college education. This especially happens in developing countries. However, the question that remains unanswered is whether the education these students pursue after high school education is worth the cost. This is a question that has been debated for so long, and it keeps on bringing new perspectives every day. Some individuals believe that education is essential and that people should pay all the possible amount of information to ensure that education is gained.

On the other hand, some individuals believe that education is not very important. The best way to teach is to provide information to the person who wants to be educated and to learn. I agree with the latter perspective.

This means education is not worth the amount of money different pay to get this education. Therefore, the best thing to do is stop education at all costs and ensures that every individual gains access to information. Therefore if the education system factors in making information available even before students can get into college, if the information is provided, there will no need for teachers, and there will be a tremendous loss. Therefore teachers are not required there will be better places for experiments carried out by the uncontrolled science of the world(Kerr, 2019).

Acceding to Forbes, the cost of attendance in public in-state colleges is approximately $27,000 per year. On the other side for private colleges, this amount goes to around $55,000. Compared to the reality of issues, this amount of money is too much just for getting a certificate that may come without all the required skills. It, therefore, turns out that education is self-based and not school-based. This is because unless a person decides to study and use the resources to develop themselves into what they need, it is challenging for them to learn. With this realization, it turns out why education is so expensive (Tretina, 2020).

First of all, it is essential to consider that education is just an arrangement of the freely available information in most sites, libraries, and other places in an orderly manner. This means that when a person studies a degree course, they are just paying for the arrangement of the information and not for the information they are getting. Other things a person can pay for are the time spent within the institution and their skills from their lecturers who have had experience. Therefore, information is not paid for since it can be easily obtained and at a meager price compared to school fees‌ (Abbiati, & Barone, 2017).

Therefore it is a significant consideration for some people to make. The most important reason people go to universities and colleges is for their improvement of skills and the desire to look for better employment with better salaries. However, this needs skills, and there is always a question; which one is better? College certificate or skills?. It is why some individuals like Elon musk are against the education system and focus on the formation of a person and what they like and believe to be their true identity and calling to perform and achieve.

References

‌ Abbiati, G., & Barone, C. (2017). Is university education worth the investment? The expectations of upper secondary school seniors and the role of family background. Rationality and Society, 29(2), 113-159.

‌ Kerr, E. (2019, June 17). Is College Worth the Cost? US News & World Report; U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/paying-for-college/articles/2019-06-17/is-college-worth-the-cost

Tretina, K. (2020, December 29). Is College Worth The Cost? Pros Vs. Cons. Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/student-loans/is-college-worth-it/

Is Intelligence One or Many Abilities

Is Intelligence One or Many Abilities?

Intelligence is one of the most talked about abilities in a given society. However, its definition and description are not entirely standard. Some define it as the capacity to learn quickly or to understand concepts. Others view it as the ability to deal with trying and new situations with relative ease compared to other people. In the traditional definition of intelligence, Drigas and Papoutsi (2018) term intelligence as the ability to reason and a skilled use of logic to learn, understand concepts, and maneuver difficult situations. Sometimes, intelligence may be measured and determined through objective criteria such as tests and life stages. From these definitions alone, it is clear that intelligence includes a myriad of abilities. It denotes the ability to be an all-rounded individual, one with the ability to interpret different situations and to analyze where to apply a variety of skills. It includes a range of different skills, talents, aptitudes, abilities and the overall capability to apply these variants with the right combination wherever applicable. For example, an intelligent person in a classroom setting may not be one who scores very well in one subject and fails in others but rather one who is able to meet the minimum requirements in almost every area of examination including co-curricular activities and socialization. In this example, intelligence looks at various elements, including skills, comprehensive capacity, understanding concepts, people skills, and application of all these in a real life setting. Even the ability to apply certain knowledge in order to manipulate an environment requires that one is skillful in more than one area and with many abilities. Therefore, intelligence is an amalgamation of different mental abilities that can be summarized to include problem-solving, planning, logic, and reasoning encompassing associative memory, numerical abilities, perceptual speed, spatial visualization, word fluency, verbal comprehension and different combinations of these abilities.

References

Drigas, A. S., & Papoutsi, C. (2018). A new layered model on emotional intelligence. Behavioral Sciences, 8(5), 45.

What are the Developmental Tasks of Childhood?

Developmental tasks represent the broad indicators or “jobs” within childhood that an individual needs to accomplish in every stage for a child to learn and gain life skills at the required (appropriate) times. According to McElroy et al. (2018) the tasks of a given stage does not necessarily need to be complete or fully mastered before one can begin the jobs that mark the next stage. Nonetheless, the sooner a task is mastered the easier it is for a child to tackle the next stage’s tasks. Throughout childhood, a child will go on working on a majority of tasks despite having one stage that has a more prominent task. There are tasks of infants through 18 months, 18 months old to 3 years, 4 and 5 year old tasks, 6 years through 11years old, and tasks of 12 year olds to 18 years. In the first task, the child is expected to trust their environment, believe that their needs are important, feel loved, establish a bond with caregivers, and explore the world. For 18 months and 3 year olds, they are expected to become more independent, see themselves as separate from the caregivers, own things, continue to explore the world, and begin to identify feelings. 4 and 5 year olds learn planning and executing in a task, continue to explore and be part of their world, learn about power and how to use it, learn that behavior has consequences, and gain socially appropriate behavior. For 6 year olds to 11 years, the tasks include mastering trying tasks, following rules and accepting them, gaining responsibility, gaining a variety of new skills such as social skills, selecting role models, continuing to learn about the world, increasing independence, enhancing reasoning ability, and becoming cooperative. For 12 through 18 years old, the tasks include establishing individual identity, separation of emotional attachment with parents, experimenting with values and deciding what to adopt, learning relations with opposite sex, and renegotiating relationships with other family members.

References

McElroy, E., Belsky, J., Carragher, N., Fearon, P., & Patalay, P. (2018). Developmental stability of general and specific factors of psychopathology from early childhood to adolescence: dynamic mutualism or p‐differentiation?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(6), 667-675.

Is it Wrong or Good to Believe God Exists

Is it Wrong or Good to Believe God Exists?

Name of Student.

Institution Affiliation.

Is it Wrong or Good to Believe God Exists?

The theme of God’s existence has been discussed far and widely since time immemorial. Many people argue that God exists while others say that God does not exist. Each of these arguments has impacts in the spiritual life of the people involved. In all these scenarios, everybody is ready to offer facts to support their arguments. This essay entails some of the reasons to believe that God exists and that it is good to believe in God’s existence.

Arguments Supporting God’s Existence

The Ontological Argument: This argument originates from Archbishop of Canterbury who describes the argument to support God’s existence. He considers God to be the greatest is to be conceived and justifies that if there is nothing human beings can conceive to be greater than God is. Anything that can be conceived in mind must exist in reality and therefore just as God exists in mind, so he does exist in reality. To drive the point home, Anselm uses the analogy of the painting work and the paint. He asks which of the two is great, and obviously, it is the painting. He concludes to say, “Just as the painting exists not only exists in mind but in reality, so does God CITATION Cri17 l 1033 (Apologist, 2017).

Cosmological Argument: This argument brings in the concept of the Bing Bang theory which Aquinas uses to pin down the scientists. Yes, the scientists claim that they do not believe in the creation theory but rather the Bing Bang theory, but they forget that they did not provide explanations for the powers that were behind the theory. What we can deduce is that the forces behind the theory were so powerful, eternal, and metaphysical. So to say, the force that was behind the theory mimicked the same qualities of God. Further argues that in the world there is motion, and the mover of the motion cannot be moved as well. So for the motion to take place, the first thing is that the mover must be unmoved and this mover is God.

The Moral Argument: Close to all human beings have the sense to know what is wrong and what is right. In as much as people would like to oppose the truth, there is an internal feeling that gives a sense of what is moral. Any normal human being will frown there are various human atrocities like rape and murder. Just as a law of nature, all normal human being have the norm of reciprocity where humans feel to pay back to those who gave to them. Any sound human being would value generosity, love, appreciation, kindness among other good traits. Atheists will argue that human beings behave so because that is how we evolved and that communities which had such traits were successful compared to those who opposed values. Their argument has failed as communities like Boko Haram have not failed despite their opposition CITATION Cri17 l 1033 (Apologist, 2017). The atheists’ evolutionary arguments as well fail because not all animals have the same morals as human beings, yet they consider human beings to be animals. Craig then puts it clearly that there is an infinite, eternal mind in an unknown place, who is the source of our reasoning capability and that it God. If God was not existing, then objective moral values could not be heard of, but since the moral values exist, God also exists.

Christianity has survived all the Substantial odds: The world has had may Kings and rulers of the land consisting of great women and men since time immemorial. But among all these rulers, only one leader has reigned, still rains and will forever reign; that is the Jewish carpenter by the name Jesus Christ who was born in a humble background. Jesus’ case is a unique one as compared to cases where others rulers ruled their kingdoms. Jesus was a king who did not have the resources that a normal King should have. He was a very humble king as he made friends with people from humble backgrounds as he did with his disciples. When Jesus sent his disciples to go and make disciples and baptizes them in the name of the Trinity, most of them saw it impossible to convince people, but with God nothing is impossible. At the end of the mission, many people got saved and baptized manifesting the great people of God CITATION Cri17 l 1033 (Apologist, 2017). This argument can be backed up with the increasing number of Christians in the world despite its humble beginning. It has beaten all odds and risen to the point that it is the world’s top religion all this manifesting the Power of God.

Embarrassing Testimony: In most cases, authors of different books would not love to include embarrassing testimonies in their books just to sell to their followers easily. Even though there are numerous examples in the Bible that support embarrassing testimony like Peter denying Jesus in Mark 14:66-72. There is the story of a demon-possessed man in Mark 3:22 and there is an account of a prostitute who uses her hair to clean the feet of Jesus which some might group as sexuality. Women were also not considered in the society during those days and were given very fewer privileges CITATION Cri17 l 1033 (Apologist, 2017). The Jewish who wrote the bible were so honest in their writings and included the accounts of all the embarrassing testimonies that most writers do not love to include in their writings. The availability of these testimonies in the bible makes it be one of the books with sincere authors hence raising its validity.

Extra-Biblical Testimony: Atheists are funny in a sense that they require extra-biblical evidence to believe in God’s existence as if the Biblical evidence is not enough to convince them. They do not put into account that the New Testament and the whole Bible had numerous writers who often at times wrote about the same instances in the bible. Unlike books written by independent authors, they cannot be trusted since nobody is there to site the same facts they wrote. For the case of the Bible, it is a historical text that links to each other and what authenticates its content is how different writers, in different times, and different venues write about the same content. It is witnessed by the gospel writers who wrote most of the accounts that took place in a way that there was no contradiction.

Early Christian Bravery: One of the brave Christians is Paul who began the mission as Saul and persecuted Christians until he met Jesus on his way to Damascus. He got converted and started preaching the good acts of God in his life. He is a good writer of the books in New Testament that amount to almost 13 books CITATION Cri17 l 1033 (Apologist, 2017). He did not leave serving God; he endured many beatings, and torture in the prisons until Nero in Rome beheaded him. James too was a brave man of God even though he wanted to stop Jesus from ministering until he witnessed Jesus rise from the dead. He later became a writer of the book of James in the Bible. Peter too who denied Jesus three times later became a strong Christian and wrote the Book of 1st and 2nd Peter. All these were brave men of God among others who served God diligently even though they were murdered.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Apologist, C. (2017). 10 Good Reasons to Believe God Exists: A Response to “10 Poor Reasons to Believe God Exists” by Mr. Oz Atheist. Christian Apologist, https://christian-apologist.com/2017/04/22/10-good-reasons-to-believe-god-exists-a-response-to-10-poor-reasons-to-believe-god-exists-by-mr-oz-atheist/.

Author, A. t. (2018). Why Should I Believe God Exists? BeThinking, https://www.bethinking.org/god/why-should-i-believe-god-exists.

Is the Death Penalty Effective to Punish Capital Offenses

Is the Death Penalty Effective to Punish Capital Offenses?

Since the independence of the United States, its both federal and state governments have punished a significant percentage of arbitrarily-chosen execution with the ultimate death sanction. Over 14,000 individuals have fallen victims of capital punishment since colonial times. As at the 1930s, approximately 150 individuals were viciously executed every year. These practices could not go unnoticed for long as the general public outrage, civil rights activists, and legal challenges led to the waning of the methods. By 1967, the death penalty had virtually brought to a stop in America, waiting for the court decisions of several case files. A significant number of American demographic hold that capital punishment inherently goes against the constitution ban concerning cruelty and unusual punishment. On such, the state should not be subject to killing its citizens in the name of seeking justice. That merely is re-offending. This paper critically looks at the effectiveness of the death penalty as well as the justifications towards its ban.

Is there consideration supporting

Is there consideration supporting Talla’s promise to Dementas? Dementas v. Estate of Tallas

Talla’s promise to Dementas lacked consideration. Dementas actions towards Talla were actions of kindness or action of friendship. Thus Dementas did not expect to be paid for those acts. The courts found out that there was no evidence of consideration. However, it is a moral issue; the estate has adequate resources to comply with the wishes of Talla’s. At the time Dementas was offering his services, he was not looking forward to be compensated since they were actions of kindness. On recognizing this, Talla wanted to leave a gift for Dementas in his passing. It was unfortunate that Talla died before he could include Dementas in his will as an heir to his state.

Is Wal-Mart good or bad for the economy

Is Wal-Mart good or bad for the economy?

There is a great amount of debate on this topic due to Wal-Mart’s huge nationwide impact. The two main thoughts on this argument are that Walmart destroys local businesses due to low cost products, and underpaid employees. The counter argument is that Wal-Mart supplies cheap user friendly goods to low income families, and supplies countless numbers of jobs. The debate is fueled by Walmart’s growing presence in the grocery store arena, and those that believe that Wal-Mart is too much of a monopoly and it’s destroying local economies.

Those that argue Wal-Mart has a negative impact on the economy complain that Wal-Mart’s low prices force other companies to go bankrupt because they cannot compete. They argue that Wal-Mart imports much of its goods from other countries and this makes it too difficult for the average mom and pop store to compete with them. They further argue that the jobs Wal-Mart gives are underpaid, and they are creating more and more jobs oversees rather than here in America. Those that do not think Wal-Mart is good for the economy believe that it is too difficult to compete with them, and its forcing quality out the door. They believe that Wal-Mart is an all for profit business that maximizes their profits by destroying American jobs.

Those that argue Wal-Mart has a positive impact due so because they believe that Wal-Mart’s cheaper product allow for families to save money on goods that would cost them more if they were to go to any other store. They would further argue that the jobs Wal-Mart creates are far more than the jobs that Wal-Mart outsources to other countries. Those that are in favor of Wal-Mart most frequently support American ingenuity and the business model behind Wal-Mart. It seems that more of the support for Wal-Mart is given by those that support a good business model rather than the quality of goods.