Author: admin

second-paper

James Thomas

Descriptive Statists and Interpretation

QNT/561

September 14 2015

Descriptive Statistics

Sales based on Rental Class (in USD)

The distribution is normally distributed.

Central Tendency: Mean = 42.84 dollars.

Dispersion: Standard deviation = 9.073 dollars.

Count: 100

Min/Max: Min is $23.00; Max is $64.00

Confidence Interval (alpha = 0.05): $41.06 to $44.62

The histogram is present in Appendix A; the descriptive statistics are present in Appendix B.

Age

The distribution is not normally distributed.

Central Tendency: Median = 35 years

Dispersion: Interquartile Range = 12 years / 2 = ± 6 years

Count: 100

Min/Max: Min is 25 years; Max is 50 years

Confidence Interval: The data is not normally distributed, therefore there is no confidence interval

The histogram is present in Appendix A; the descriptive statistics are present in Appendix B; the scatterplot relating age and sales is in Appendix C.

Sex of Renter

Thirty-four percent of the people sampled were female on display while sixty-six percent of people sampled were male renters. The bar chart is in Appendix E.

Descriptive Statistics Interpretation

Sales

One hundred people were randomly selected, and their sales were measured. Their sales were observed between $23.00 and $64.00. Sales were broken down as $23.00 being the economy size vehicle or the smallest vehicle in the rental car class and up, $64.00 was the luxury vehicle rental price. The average sales were $42.84,which was the full size vehicle, with a standard deviation of $9.07. Approximately half or more of the data values are above $42.84. There is enough evidence to say that the population sales amount lies between $41.06 and $44.62 with 95% confidence. This indicates both male and female tend to rent the full size or premium size vehicle, based on the price of the vehicle.

Age

The data is not normally distributed and is skewed to the left. One hundred people male and female were randomly selected, and their ages were measured. Their ages were between 25 and 50 years, with a variation of ± 6 years. Half of the people’s ages lie above 35 years. The middle half of the peoples’ ages are between 28 and 40 years. The mode, or the most frequent age, was 25 years.

APPENDIX A

Sales and Age Histograms

APPENDIX B

Descriptive Statistics on Sales and Age

APPENDIX C

Scatterplot of Age versus Sales

APPENDIX E

Bar chart for ID on Display

Bin Frequency

0 34

1 66

More 0

Key:

represents 0, or not on display

1-2 represents 1, or on display

JANE ADDAMS

JANE ADDAMS

Student’s name

Professor

Department of affiliation

Course

Date

Jane Addams

Jane Addams was one of the most remarkable women who was very instrumental in bringing a lot of changes in American society as well as to the world. She has been emulated by many and she is a very good role model to so many girls and women’s some of who even up to today still live on her principles and way of life. She discovered her mission and goal in life two times and these were what she wanted most and what made her renowned. Her two goals were for educated women to share all types of knowledge and skills with poorer people in her neighborhood especially the immigrants while the other goal was to advance and promote international peace (Linn, 2000). These two made her renowned and to become the first women in the United States of America to be presented with the Nobel peace prize. Therefore herein this paper discusses her history, achievements, and how she managed to achieve them as well as their impacts on contemporary society.

Addams was born in Illinois on 6th September 1860. She was the eighth child in her family even though only five of the children survived. Her mother died when she was 2 years old, however, her father was one of the richest people within their neighborhoods and therefore she did not suffer a lot when her mother left as she had a good father. Her deep social mission sense and liberal Christian values are what formed her as she grew up. In 1881 she graduated from the Rock field female seminary as a valedictorian and she was awarded her degree after a year when the seminary was fully accredited as Rockford College for Women (Hamington, 2009). She was part of what was called new women and this group of women comprised of those women who were educated at the college level and those that were independent.

She was she spend about two years traveling and studying in Europe while the next two years she also spent as she thought and write down what her life was about. During one of the visits to Europe whereby she went along with her friend Ellen Starr she discovered and visited a settlement house in the east end of London and therefore through this she got an inspiration to begin the same kind of house in Chicago. With her friend Ellen, she decided to begin this kind of house in Chicago and it was successful. They leased a house that belonged to Charles hull and this is what they used for their purpose of making sure that they provided the basic education. Skills, knowledge and so much more the poor people of the Chicago neighborhoods and especially the immigrants (Hamington, 2009).

The two were very instrumental in making sure that the children got their rights and that they were protected. They gave speeches about how it is important to take care of the social good and through their speeches, they encouraged women to take care of the children and invited more people to take part in this golden calling and goal to make society better. They nursed the sick, took care of the children, urged the well-to-do families to help, and raised money. By the time it was two years old it hosted approximately 2000 people and this was a very great success. With time the simple first house was incorporated with a swimming pool, coffee house, gymnasium, a music school, a book bindery among others (Haberman, 1972).

In 1905 she was appointed to be a member of the board of education and in the same course, she was appointed as the chairperson of the committee for school management. In 1908 she was one of the founders of the Chicago school of philanthropy and civics. In 1909 she became the first woman president of the national conference of corrections and charities. Yale University awarded her the first honorary degree awarded to a woman in the year 1910. She believed women had their rights and therefore there was a need for them to be considered and given a hearing in society. She believed that women had a very great role to play when it came to the enhancement of society and therefore along this women were supposed to be given the rights to vote and express their voice in selecting their leaders.

Her second major goal in life and which was challenging to a great extent was when she tried to retain peace and advised America not to get engaged in the first world war. At this point, she believed peace was very important and there were other ways to deal with the issues which were happening in the society apart from getting into conflicts with others and fighting. Due to her stand, she got very much criticized by the media and she had a bad experience for standing for peace and other methods to solve challenges. However, this never diminished her zeal and will to fight for social justice and peace. She also published a book called newer ideals of peace in line with her promotion of peace. Due to her stand about war, she was also expelled from daughters of the American Revolution (Linn, 2000).

In conclusion, therefore, the contribution of Addams to the American shaping of peace ideals, improvement of humanity and human dignity as well as the place of women have had a very great impact on the whole of the united states. She has been said to be a very instrumental and very important part of American history and this makes her outstanding in the way she is perceived and known by many people.

References

Haberman, F. W. (1972). The Nobel Peace Prize 1931. NobelPrize.org. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/.

Hamington, M. (2009). The social philosophy of Jane Addams. University of Illinois Press.

Linn, J. W. (2000). Jane Addams: a biography. University of Illinois Press.

Jane Eyre NATIONAL THEATRE

Jane Eyre directed by Sally Cookson – National Theatre ACT 01

???? Link: https://vimeo.com/661241250/77d0a9dad7

PART 1: DRAMATIC SITUATION (50 pts)

Choose one dramatic situation from the play, mention the Act, Starting and Ending minutes from the videos.

Dramatic Situation Grades

Act: 1 _______ / 5

From: 0:30 Minute To: 9:20 Minute Describe the plot of the chosen Dramatic Situation from the play:

Plot Answers Grades

Beginning The characters enter the stage with haste, creating tension and suspense. The howling sounds of a new born creates an aura on anticipation in readiness for the play. _______ / 5

Turning point In 4:30, the young woman’s journey truly begins when she is left under the care of a cruel aunt. She is mistreated and segregated, growing alone in a family where she is openly treated with contempt. _______ / 5

Ending The now grown child is fed up with the harassment and mistreatment from the people close to her. She snaps in a moment of rage and attacks her cousin who had just scolded her for using his book. This is a second turning point. _______ / 5

Find the SIX STAGES of the Plot Structure for the chosen Dramatic Situation from the play:

Plot Structure Answers Grades

Initial incident Birth and complications from the same

_______ / 5

Pre-event Loss of mother and father leading to living with relatives _______ / 5

Rising action Mistreatment, solitude, and betrayal. _______ / 5

Climax Feeling of being fed up and understanding the need to defend herself.

_______ / 5

Falling action A fit of rage leading to a violent attack _______ / 5

Conclusion Every person has their breaking point _______ / 5

PART 2: ACTING STYLE (50 pts)

What is the ACTING STYLE applied in the performance? (Mention the acting type and provide its short description)

Acting Style

Answers Grades

Acting Type Classical Acting

_______ / 5

Description In this style, the actors have carefully analyzed the entire script and explored their characterization in depth. They have found a way to connect theory personal self to the character they portray and use the link to provide a very engaging performance. For example, Jane is very engaging from the way she begins her journey as an infant crying all the way to when she discovers herself and stands up against her bully cousin.

_______ / 5

Mention 3 Features of the Acting style that is applied in the performance:

Features

Answers Grades

Feature 1

Careful analysis of script _______ / 5

Feature 2

In depth exploration of the character to be played _______ / 5

Feature 3

Finding personal connection to the character and the actor _______ / 5

Propose another acting style that can be used to perform this play:

Acting Style

Answers Grades

Acting Type Spolin style of acting _______ / 5

Description The style would require the incorporation of the audience into the performance to create a unique experience.

_______ / 5

Mention 3 Features of the Acting style that you have proposed to perform this play:

Features

Answers Grades

Feature 1

Engaging the audience as part of the performance _______ / 5

Feature 2

Improvisation strategies in response to audience participation _______ / 5

Feature 3

Creating a unique performance that is constantly changing based on audience reactions _______ / 5

Islamic state

Islamic state

Name

Institution affiliation

Islamic State terrorism

Formally known as ISIL or else ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham the Levant/Syria) or DAESH.This group is the largest group that has remain threat to united states as a country. It pedals north parts of Iraq and the Western parts of Syria, inside which it has molded its specific vicious regime that sanctions sharia rule. Founded by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the Islamic Government has approved out performances of brutality so cruel that even Al Qaeda has convicted it. The IS group consents fighters from all over the nation, and inspires them to relocate to “al Sham” or paradise on world. The group has an apocalyptic image in which they have faith in that by apprehending convinced corporal territory in the section they will escort in glory. They inspire terrorist bouts within Western republics and will receive the adherence of anyone who curses to them. The group funds himself through the selling of items, lubricant, drugs, and slaves. They have indorsed themselves seriously through communal media via efficiently shaped videos of horrible actions like executions.

Bibliography

Al-Tamimi, A. (2015). The evolution in Islamic State administration: The documentary evidence. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(4).

Time Management

Israel Hernandez

English-1302

Setpember 19, 2020

Time Management

Aeon, Brad, and Herman Aguinis. “It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management.” Academy of management perspectives 31.4 (2017): 309-330. doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0166

Aeon et al.’s purpose is to assess time norms and time structures as predictors of time management. Apart from drawing from past literature to define key concepts related to time management, the researchers also study the influence of time management on two aspects; well-being and performance. They note that time management has been studied from several viewpoints such as education, sociology, and psychology with each discipline coming up with takes that meet their inclinations. In this paper, they attempt to synthesize the viewpoint to come up with conclusive findings that are accessible to individuals from all disciplines. Thus, their target audience is any person who is interested in the dynamics of time usage on a personal, organizational, and societal level. Anybody who seeks to improve their time management skills can gain insight from this article. The researchers use empirical evidence gathered from 19 experimental research reports (secondary sources) for each of the two dependent variables (wellbeing and performance) predicted by time management. They table the statistical findings from each report before discussing each one briefly giving. They integrate the data by giving additional input on key terms and likely causes for the discrepancies in the tabled findings. Moreover, the researchers discuss concepts that inform our time management practices and the reasons behind differing time usage. The article reports that the connection between time management, performance, and well-being is not straightforward. They point out that time norms and time structures greatly impact our perceptions of time management and therefore must be identified before developing a situation-specific evaluation of performance. They also noted the influence of individual differences and temporal decision making on performance and well-being as predicted by time.

Nayak, Shalini G. “Impact of Procrastination and Time-Management on Academic Stress among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross Sectional Study.” International Journal of Caring Sciences 12.3 (2019). Retrieved from: http://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/18_nayak_original_12_3.pdf

The purpose of Nayak and Shalini’s article is to investigate academic stress among student nurses as predicted by time management skills. They point out that the nursing profession is highly dependent on good time management skills as characterized by prioritizing, organization, and never procrastinating. They approach the topic of time management as a crucial competency for the profession. The audience of this article is professional nurses particularly those doing their undergraduate studies. Moreover, the studies can be beneficial to instructors in nursing schools as well as hospital administrators when carrying out reviews on new and existing human resource for the nursing department. The study was carried out as a survey that used two scales developed by the researcher: The Procrastination Scale with 27 items on a five-point Likert scale and the Academic Stress Scale with 26 items on a similar scale. 201 participants almost evenly split from all four cohorts (grouped by year) in a nursing college. The results were then analyzed using relevant statistical methodology and were found to be both reliable and valid. The researchers report that procrastination and poor time management is a strong predictor o academic stress among nursing students. They also reported a reverse relationship between the variables whereby academic stress predicted procrastination and poor time management habits. These findings are consistent with similar research done in the past on the subject in other fields other than science.

Works Cited

Aeon, Brad, and Herman Aguinis. “It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management.” Academy of management perspectives 31.4 (2017): 309-330. doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0166

Nayak, Shalini G. “Impact of Procrastination and Time-Management on Academic Stress among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross Sectional Study.” International Journal of Caring Sciences 12.3 (2019). Retrieved from: http://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/18_nayak_original_12_3.pdf

Issues in the news, Marginalized communities living in poverty

Issues in the news, Marginalized communities living in poverty

Poverty can be described as the inability to have access to the basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing and of basic education. Over 60 % of the world’s population has been reported to live under the poverty line with some families surviving on under1 dollar a day. This issue continues to spiral into a more serious problem that affects the development of the world as a whole. The level of poverty is unrealistic in that the gap between the rich and the poor continues to rise. This means that the world has enough resources to go around. A vast amount of resources is reserved for the wealthy minority living the majority of the population to succumb to extreme poverty which could be avoided if more effort was placed (O’Connor, 2000). As a member of this community, it is impossible for me to sit and listen to the news that reports the rising number of deaths that have arisen due to this situation. It is thus my responsibility to take on some of the load and make the situation known by writing on this issue.

This research paper focuses on a current issue in the news that speaks on a marginalized issue. The marginalized issue in this case is an article of communities that live in poverty. The research paper analyses credible articles that cover this situation by providing a summary, analysis of the article at hand. It finally provides concluding sentence where I address the personal meaning the article represents for me offering summary and recommendation on the way forward.

Global issues: Social, Political, Economic and Environmental that affect us all. (August, 17, 2011) Retrieved from www.globalissues.org/

Summary

Africa is the poorest continent in the world. The situation in Africa is so serious to the extent that 50% of the population goes to bed having eaten only one meal a day. Most of the poverty related issues in the country have arisen as a result of the corruption of most of the important sectors in the continent. This has led to the creation of a wealthy class of the elite who represent the minority and an alarming percentage of the poor who represent the majority of the population. For members of a community to become resourceful individuals, they need to have in place a system that supports their growth. Countries that experience a high rate of poverty have a problem producing motivated members of the society.

One of the problems poverty brings as an ignorant society. Ignorance is the lack of knowledge of current and past events that have had a big impact in the world. Lack of knowledge disables individuals in that they become closed minded. This in turn affects their reasoning to the extent that they become prisoners of their thoughts. If majority of the population are placed in this category, the growth of the population will be lower than average. This condition is not ideal for a young mind in that they are destined to follow on the footsteps of the adults in the society. For the authorities to stop these phenomena, they need to act quickly. This will involve providing education for the communities that have been marginalized in this area. Although these communities realize that there is a problem, they do not know the right way of approach. This can be credited to the lack of motivation by the authorities who have not used their influence to come up with solutions. This in turn has brought about a revolving system that sees issues like corruption compliment poverty which brings forth more corruption due to the lack of accountability in such communities.

One would think that people who live in the suburbs have it easy when it comes to the reception of the basic amenities. The article written on the living standards in the suburbs of Southern Chester County in the United States begs to differ. The poverty issue in this community begun more than fifteen years ago, recording staggering records of the poor living conditions of the members of the community. Most of the members of the community could not afford a decent healthcare plan and had on several occasions lied about their insurance so as to get free treatment in the local hospital. One of the major problems that the community has complained about is the housing conditions they live in. This has put their lives at a standstill to the extent that the children who come from such households have been affected in areas such as their studies.

Analysis

The article shows the living conditions of several African countries who share the same conditions in terms of living standards. One of the features that stand out in the article is the pictures they show that brings out the level of turmoil brought about by the uncontrollable rates of poverty (Silver, 2004). One of the factors that have been mentioned as a cause of poverty is corruption. For countries to realize their potential there needs to be a clear and equitable distribution of resources. Although many articles have been written on poverty, most of them have shown the extent of the poverty without giving viable solutions to the problems.

The reason why I chose this article is that it had depth in terms of displaying the extent to which the problem on poverty had spread throughout the world. It not only brought out the situation in the third world countries, it also addressed poverty experienced in the suburbs of United States. This article thus removes our ignorance about the living standards in the country. Most of the foundations that have been set up have been aimed at the third world countries ignoring the plight of fellow Americans. Showcasing the situations of Americans who are experiencing difficulty in acquiring the basic needs enlightens the society of the long way we have to go to bring about the distribution of resources (O’Connor, 2000).

Conclusion

Poverty continues to be one of the most serious global problems in the country. It is through the poverty that most of the problems arise in our societies. The creation of literature such as books, journals and articles create awareness of the issues that people face around the world. One of the marginalized social issues is the topic on poverty. Poverty is not only reserved for the people in the third world countries but spreads across developed countries like the United States. For the members of the society to tackle this problem we must first accept that this is a big problem. Through acceptance, each able bodied individual can come together so that they can contribute their resources to the less fortunate. If everyone takes personal responsibility of the current issues that affect the world, the stories that make the headlines would be less tragic thus creating a better environment to live.

References

Global issues: Social, Political, Economic and Environmental That affect us all. (August, 17, 2011) Retrieved from www.globalissues.org/

May, Fran. (Feb 27 2011). Daily local news suburban poverty is a big problem that is worsening

O’Connor, Alice. (2000). “Poverty Research and Policy for the Post-Welfare Era” Annual Review of Sociology.

Silver, H. (2004). Social exclusion and social solidarity in International Labour Review, 133 5-6.

Jane Eyre NATIONAL THEATRE

Jane Eyre directed by Sally Cookson – National Theatre ACT 01

???? Link: https://vimeo.com/661241250/77d0a9dad7

PART 1: DRAMATIC SITUATION (50 pts)

Choose one dramatic situation from the play, mention the Act, Starting and Ending minutes from the videos.

Dramatic Situation Grades

Act: 1 _______ / 5

From: 0:30 Minute To: 9:20 Minute Describe the plot of the chosen Dramatic Situation from the play:

Plot Answers Grades

Beginning The characters enter the stage with haste, creating tension and suspense. The howling sounds of a new born creates an aura on anticipation in readiness for the play. _______ / 5

Turning point In 4:30, the young woman’s journey truly begins when she is left under the care of a cruel aunt. She is mistreated and segregated, growing alone in a family where she is openly treated with contempt. _______ / 5

Ending The now grown child is fed up with the harassment and mistreatment from the people close to her. She snaps in a moment of rage and attacks her cousin who had just scolded her for using his book. This is a second turning point. _______ / 5

Find the SIX STAGES of the Plot Structure for the chosen Dramatic Situation from the play:

Plot Structure Answers Grades

Initial incident Birth and complications from the same

_______ / 5

Pre-event Loss of mother and father leading to living with relatives _______ / 5

Rising action Mistreatment, solitude, and betrayal. _______ / 5

Climax Feeling of being fed up and understanding the need to defend herself.

_______ / 5

Falling action A fit of rage leading to a violent attack _______ / 5

Conclusion Every person has their breaking point _______ / 5

PART 2: ACTING STYLE (50 pts)

What is the ACTING STYLE applied in the performance? (Mention the acting type and provide its short description)

Acting Style

Answers Grades

Acting Type Classical Acting

_______ / 5

Description In this style, the actors have carefully analyzed the entire script and explored their characterization in depth. They have found a way to connect theory personal self to the character they portray and use the link to provide a very engaging performance. For example, Jane is very engaging from the way she begins her journey as an infant crying all the way to when she discovers herself and stands up against her bully cousin.

_______ / 5

Mention 3 Features of the Acting style that is applied in the performance:

Features

Answers Grades

Feature 1

Careful analysis of script _______ / 5

Feature 2

In depth exploration of the character to be played _______ / 5

Feature 3

Finding personal connection to the character and the actor _______ / 5

Propose another acting style that can be used to perform this play:

Acting Style

Answers Grades

Acting Type Spolin style of acting _______ / 5

Description The style would require the incorporation of the audience into the performance to create a unique experience.

_______ / 5

Mention 3 Features of the Acting style that you have proposed to perform this play:

Features

Answers Grades

Feature 1

Engaging the audience as part of the performance _______ / 5

Feature 2

Improvisation strategies in response to audience participation _______ / 5

Feature 3

Creating a unique performance that is constantly changing based on audience reactions _______ / 5

Jane Jacobs’s

Jane Jacobs’s “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” talks about city planning. In her work, the author highlights the activities that occur on Hudson Street, where she lives. She effectively demonstrates the day-to-day activities in that street. Therefore, this book is quite applicable to the author. The book describes Jacobs’ daily activities in the street she lives in and the problems that she has encountered there due to a lack of space. In addition, she suggests how various government authorities can do their jobs efficiently by viewing buildings not as pieces of architecture but as useful elements that are employed in a way to solve problems within the city and also how these buildings can be used to solve social ills. In other words, buildings are used as an “urban laboratory”.

The author uses imagery and vivid description to demonstrate the daily activities that occur in the street where she lives in. For example, “In late afternoons, the children who live on Hudson Street are to be seen everywhere. They fill the sidewalks and spill into the street, playing ball and running errands for their mothers”. She also gives vivid descriptions of some of the people who are residents of Hudson Street:

The author says “Two new entrances are being made from the wings: well-dressed and even elegant women and men with brief cases emerge from doorways and side streets.” She describes the improvements being done on the street (Litscher, 2017). She says that “Construction is always underway. Both sides of the street are being repaved, the whole street is being relined with sewers, a whole new electrical and phone system is being installed”. The author speaks about the improvement of Hudson Street. Also, she says “But it (Hudson Street) also has a great potential for becoming as fine an urban neighborhood as any in the country”. Jacobs describes how various buildings on Hudson Street can be used to solve social ills such as isolation, fearfulness, and architectural ugliness. For example, “Isolation is certainly one of the factors which produce fearfulness and makes cities uninhabitable by normal people”.

Reference

Litscher, M. (2017). Jane Jacobs: The Death and Life of Great American Cities. In Schlüsselwerke der Stadtforschung (pp. 367-394). Springer VS, Wiesbaden.

January 6th Hearings Report

January 6th Hearings Report

NAME

INSTITUTION

COURSE

INSTRUCTOR

DATE

The 6 committee hearings are purposed to accomplish the goal of protecting democracy and the democratic rights of the American citizens. Following the unrest which was caused by the Trump supporters to overturn the election results in 2020, evidences and witnesses have presented to the panel to ensure that the criminals are persecuted accordingly. From the 6 committee hearings, several aspects have been learnt. The aspect is that Donald Trump was strongly involved in the campaigns to overturn the election. Strong evidence proves that Trump was emotionally invested in winning the election and was responsible for destroying the democratic norms. According to Cassidy Hutchinson’s testimony, on the 6th of January 2020, Trump had a physical argument with his top security official when he refused to drive him to Capitol, and as a show of intense anger, he even threw a plate of food against the wall in the State House (Oxford Analytica, 2022).

More evidence that relates Trump to the campaigns is that he placed and joined calls to the Republican party officials and state legislatures to convince them to manipulate the election results in his favor. According to Russell Rusty Bowers, Arizona speaker, he received multiple calls from Trump after the election, in which the then president asked him to use his stature in the statehouse to invalidate Joe Biden’s win. Additionally, Ronna McDaniel, a Republican National Committee (RNC) chairwoman has recorded a testimony that implies the former president’s participation in the fake-voters scheme (Oxford Analytica, 2022).

Trumps criminal actions were out of his own intention. After the election, his close aides and appointees told him that he had lost in free and fair elections. According to Attorney General William Barr’s testimony, he had 3 discussions with Trump in which he informed the former president that the elections were free and fair, and they had not been stollen. The three discussions were held in between late November to early December 2020 (Oxford Analytica, 2022). Also, Jason Miller, a senior official in Trump’s two campaigns, recorded a testimony stating that Matt Oczkowski, one of the lead data experts bluntly informed the former president that he was bound for defeat according to the election figures. Bill Stepien, Trump’s campaign manager also noted about the same post-election conversation, stating that Trump had been informed about his chances of winning being minimal. Despite being informed that no fraudulent activities had been made to prevent his success in the elections, Trump showed a clear disinterest in the reports and still planned for the post-election campaigns to reject Biden’s win.

The hearings also established concrete evidence which show that Republican members of the congress participated in the election-reversal plot. Several congresspeople sought pardon from the president weeks before January 6 to participate in reversing Biden’s win. Some of the House Republicans who sought the president’s pardon include Matt Gaetz, Mo Brooks, and Marjorie Taylor-Greene (Oxford Analytica, 2022). Trump reportedly issued the congressmen pardons as well as those who voted to oppose the election results on January 6. Cassidy Hutchins’ recorded testimony states that Meadows and Giuliani also sought the president’s pardon to participate in the objection of election results.

Threats from Trump and his associates were imposed against election officials and their families. Fake election claims by Trump and his supporters caused the former election officials to undergo thorough investigations which exposed them to intense abuse and fear. The attacks were mainly focused on targeting top Republican officials who refused to participate in the election-reversal scheme and instead supported the integrity of the poll elections. Al Schmidt, former Republican city commissioner of Philadelphia reported that threats against him and his family raised after Trump mentioned his name on tweeter. Republicans who acknowledged the election’s integrity were referred to as Republican-in-name-only (RINO) which made them viewed as the party’s traitors (Oxford Analytica, 2022). Civil servants who participated in the democratic elections were also negatively affected. For instance, Shaye Moss and her mother, Ruby Freeman, who faced false information against their roles which led them to face threats leading them into hiding. Moss stated that the threats and situation almost led her to not resume her service due to the bullying that she faced.

Elected officials of the Republican party who opposed Trump’s actions issued explanations why they did not support the campaign to reject Biden’s elections. The officials reported that they were committed to abide by the democratic laws than to commit to the desires of a single man. They chose to save the country than impress their political party. The committee hearings are meant to prevent the occurrence of a similar situation which would risk the lives of the American citizens in the future (Berry, 2022). Election opposers who intend to mislead future votes and bound to prosecution and imprisonment. The panel officials have noted that the hearings will not only help to solve the past, but also serve as a warning in the future (Berry, 2022).

References

Oxford Analytica. (2022). US Capitol hearings may raise expectations too high. Emerald Expert Briefings, (oxan-db). https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/OXAN-DB270152/full/htmlBerry, T. A. (2022). Simple Reforms Could Prevent Election Chaos. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2474648/simple-reforms-could-prevent-election-chaos/3496704/

Juul Smoking Problem (2)

Jaylen Warren

11/7/19

English 1301-107

Mr. Travis 

Synthesis Paper

Juul Smoking Problem

    Vaping is a common thing that goes on in America, vapes appeared in stores a few years back and starting in 2018 a major e-cigarette by the name of “juul”, has been the most major e-cigarette especially among teenagers in high school and middle school. Smoking one pod out of the juul equals to a whole pack of cigarettes. The notion that e-cigarettes are not harmful is what has accelerated the issue of smoking. Many teenagers more than ever are now hooked on nicotine more than before including individuals who at first were not really smokers (Andrews). Researchers have attributed the increase in number of students using vapes to the cool buzz that is associated with it. Jull a leading manufacturer when it comes to e-cigarettes have constantly been accused of misleading people that e-cigarettes are “safe alternative smoking.” This paper looks at the dangers that e-cigarettes have posed including an increase in lung related injuries.

Since the introduction of e-cigarettes many people had been sold to the idea that vaping would actually be a safe choice instead of smoking packs of cigarettes. People begun purchasing this produce especially the Juul Lab USB-size vaporizer. In 2016, FDA decided that they would regulate e-cigarettes as part of tobacco product. This was already a red flag considering that most juul products were being said that they do not have tobacco. CDC has pointed out the concern that they have for the e-cigarettes pointing out that there have been 2290 cases of lung related damage from people who were using vapes. With the increase in number of deaths as well as lung related injuries, CDC were quick to point out that the vapes were not safe and people needed to stay away from them until the vapes are certified as safe to use. There are symptoms that have been associated with the use of vapes leading to decline in health including chest pains, coughing, and difficulty in breathing. Out of the 380 plus cases that have been reported, six have resulted in death .

There are several reasons to why many people have embraced vapes and why number of people using e-cigarettes keep on rising daily. Some individuals have turned into vaping as a means to quit traditional cigarettes. Traditional cigarettes have been demonized that they have too much negative impacts including lung damage while vaping has been said to have very little effect to a person’s health. There are arguments that nicotine is quite addictive and habituating effects. Nicotine can be calming especially under stress as well as helping with concentration and thus most who were cigarettes addicts finds these as a much safer option. Another reason is because of social image. Many vape smokers do it because their friends are doing so and it appears to be cool (Manolis, 67-70).

It’s important to understand why vaping has caused a craze with all adults coming up with suggestions on the best way that the issue can be dealt with. Nicotine is a primary content that is found in the vapes and has been shown to cause an increase in certain diseases such as stroke, diabetes, lung cancer and heart disease. The vape liquids also contain additives including glycerol and propylene glycol (Carlos, pg. 13-14). These toxic chemicals have been linked to cancer and other respiratory diseases. Researchers have also raised concerns on a chemical used in flavoring of the vape juice s it may cause a condition referred to as popcorn lung. This is the scarring as well as the obstruction of lungs’ airways. CDC reported that vitamin E acetate that is also added to the vapes may contributing to the lung related issues. A test was conducted on the lung fluid from the outlets thought to have lung related issues from the vape and vitamin E acetate was present. The Department of Health have requested processing companies not to sell products that contain vitamin E acetate till a conclusive agreement is reached.

Juul Labs have disputed these statistics and stood their ground that their product is safe to use as their advertisement still continue on how vaping is a better option even for people who would like to quit smoking at some point. Although Juul makes billions of dollars, young kids in high school and college don’t pay any mind to the health risks that come with smoking the juul or any e-cigarette, kids smoke these e-cigarettes just to fit in or be cool with the crowd that they are in and it is sad that this is the type of society we live in, especially with our younger generation (Pascus). Lawsuits are happening to this very day, stating the Juul company preyed on the younger generation, with ad’s and by putting in younger teens heads that smoking Juul’s gave them a “sense of belonging” in the society. Juul started to close everything down in the past year, by suspending flavored pod’s, and cutting down the use of ads on their social media accounts, but critics state that them doing that was a little too late, the use of juul with high school kids jumped from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018. Among those of have sued Juul Lab for the misleading advertisement includes the New York attorney general Letitia James claiming the company was using deceptive methods in their advertisement and more so targeting teenagers who are more vulnerable.

One reason why people bought the idea of using vapes and stopping the use of smoking as the belief that traditional cigarettes had more nicotine than the e-cigarettes, however, Juul’s electronic cigarette exposes users to nicotine at a much higher rate than traditional cigarettes. In April 2018, FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb announced that he was creating a Youth Tobacco Prevention Plan aimed at stopping the dramatic rise in the use of e-cigarette and tobacco products among youth. In a bid to help rescue the youths several measures have been put in place. You must be at least 21 to purchase a juul or juul pod, a juul black market is the source for many teens, through eBay or Craigslist. The FDA contacted eBay to raise concerns about listings of juul products on its website, resulting in the removal of the listings and the creation of measures to prevent new listings from being posted. FDA need to be stricter and ensure that all e-cigarettes are banned until safety measures are taken by the manufacturers. Many know that the youths tend to prefer flavored pods and are among the highest sold. If FDA do not put an end to all these an increase in number of users using Juul products will continue to increase and so will the lung related issues increase leading to even more death (Cai).

In conclusion, vaping manufacturers have been able to appeal to more young consumers to use vapes because they term it a safer option. These advertisement makes it cool but they do not indicate that these too can be addictive as they contain nicotine and also THC a very addictive product. As a cooperate company continues to make millions, there are innocent youths whose health have deteriorated for engaging in something that was termed a safe and better option. FDA needs to be stricter on the regulations that are in place and ban or even penalize companies that use deceptive advertisements to attract the youth into using vapes.

Works Cited

Andrews, Travis. “CDC: Roughly Tenfold Increase in Use of e-Cigarettes by Teens in Just 4 Years.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 30 Apr. 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/04/15/cdc-report-roughly-tenfold-increase-in-use-of-e-cigarettes-by-high-school-and-middle-school-students-in-just-4-years/.

Cai, Kenrick. “Teen’s Two-Pod A Day Juul Addiction Caused Massive Stroke, Lawsuit Says.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 19 July 2019, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrickcai/2019/07/18/teen-two-pod-a-day-juul-addiction-caused-massive-stroke-lawsuit-vaping-e-cigarettes/#6a782c806ace.

Carlos, W. Graham, et al. “Vaping-associated pulmonary illness (VAPI).” American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 200.7 (2019): P13-P14.

Manolis, Antonis S., and Theodora A. Manolis. “Vaping and Puffing: Know your Risks/Your Life is in Danger.” Rhythmos 14.4 (2019): 67-70.

Pascus, Brian. “E-Cigarette Giant Juul Accused of Marketing to Teens in New Lawsuit.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/e-cigarette-giant-juul-accused-of-marketing-to-teens-in-new-lawsuit/.