List of Values

List of Values

List of Values

Abundance

Acceptance

Accessibility

Accomplishment

Accountability

Accuracy

Achievement

Acknowledgement

Activeness

Adaptability

Adoration

Adroitness

Advancement

Adventure

Affection

Affluence

Aggressiveness

Agility

Alertness

Altruism

Amazement

Ambition

Amusement

Anticipation

Appreciation

Approachability

Approval

Art

Articulacy

Artistry

Assertiveness

Assurance

Attentiveness

Attractiveness

Audacity

Availability

Awareness

Awe

Balance

Beauty

Being the best

Belonging

Benevolence

Bliss

Boldness

Bravery

Brilliance

Buoyancy

Calmness

Camaraderie

Candor

Capability

Care

Carefulness

Celebrity

Certainty

Challenge

Change

Charity

Charm

Chastity

Cheerfulness

Clarity

Cleanliness

Clear-mindedness

Cleverness

Closeness

Comfort

Commitment

Community

Compassion

Competence

Competition

Completion

Composure

Concentration

Confidence

Conformity

Congruency

Connection

Consciousness

Conservation

Consistency

Contentment

Continuity

Contribution

Control

Conviction

Conviviality

Coolness

Cooperation

Cordiality

Correctness

Country

Courage

Courtesy

Craftiness

Creativity

Credibility

Cunning

Curiosity

Daring

Decisiveness

Decorum

Deference

Delight

Dependability

Depth

Desire

Determination

Devotion

Devoutness

Dexterity

Dignity

Diligence

Direction

Directness

Discipline

Discovery

Discretion

Diversity

Dominance

Dreaming

Drive

Duty

Dynamism

Eagerness

Ease

Economy

Ecstasy

Education

Effectiveness

Efficiency

Elation

Elegance

Empathy

Encouragement

Endurance

Energy

Enjoyment

Entertainment

Enthusiasm

Environmentalism

Ethics

Euphoria

Excellence

Excitement

Exhilaration

Expectancy

Expediency

Experience

Expertise

Exploration

Expressiveness

Extravagance

Extroversion

Exuberance

Fairness

Faith

Fame

Family

Fascination

Fashion

Fearlessness

Ferocity

Fidelity

Fierceness

Financial independence

Firmness

Fitness

Flexibility

Flow

Fluency

Focus

Fortitude

Frankness

Freedom

Friendliness

Friendship

Frugality

Fun

Gallantry

Generosity

Gentility

Giving

Grace

Gratitude

Gregariousness

Growth

Guidance

Happiness

Harmony

Health

Heart

Helpfulness

Heroism

Holiness

Honesty

Honor

Hopefulness

Hospitality

Humility

Humor

Hygiene

Imagination

Impact

Impartiality

Independence

Individuality

Industry

Influence

Ingenuity

Inquisitiveness

Insightfulness

Inspiration

Integrity

Intellect

Intelligence

Intensity

Intimacy

Intrepidness

Introspection

Introversion

Intuition

Intuitiveness

Inventiveness

Investing

Involvement

Joy

Judiciousness

Justice

Keenness

Kindness

Knowledge

Leadership

Learning

Liberation

Liberty

Lightness

Liveliness

Logic

Longevity

Love

Loyalty

Majesty

Making a difference

Marriage

Mastery

Maturity

Meaning

Meekness

Mellowness

Meticulousness

Mindfulness

Modesty

Motivation

Mysteriousness

Nature

Neatness

Nerve

NoncomformityObedience

Open-mindedness

Openness

Optimism

Order

Organization

Originality

Outdoors

Outlandishness

Outrageousness

Partnership

Patience

Passion

Peace

Perceptiveness

Perfection

Perkiness

Perseverance

Persistence

Persuasiveness

Philanthropy

Piety

Playfulness

Pleasantness

Pleasure

Poise

Polish

Popularity

Potency

Power

Practicality

Pragmatism

Precision

Preparedness

Presence

Pride

Privacy

Proactivity

Professionalism

Prosperity

Prudence

Punctuality

Purity

Rationality

Realism

Reason

Reasonableness

Recognition

Recreation

Refinement

Reflection

Relaxation

Reliability

Relief

Religiousness

Reputation

Resilience

Resolution

Resolve

Resourcefulness

Respect

Responsibility

Rest

Restraint

Reverence

Richness

Rigor

Sacredness

Sacrifice

Sagacity

Saintliness

Sanguinity

Satisfaction

Science

Security

Self-control

Selflessness

Self-reliance

Self-respect

Sensitivity

Sensuality

Serenity

Service

Sexiness

Sexuality

Sharing

Shrewdness

Significance

Silence

Silliness

Simplicity

Sincerity

Skillfulness

Solidarity

Solitude

Sophistication

Soundness

Speed

Spirit

Spirituality

Spontaneity

Spunk

Stability

Status

Stealth

Stillness

Strength

Structure

Success

Support

Supremacy

Surprise

Sympathy

Synergy

Teaching

Teamwork

Temperance

Thankfulness

Thoroughness

Thoughtfulness

Thrift

Tidiness

Timeliness

Traditionalism

Tranquility

Transcendence

Trust

Trustworthiness

Truth

Understanding

Unflappability

Uniqueness

Unity

Usefulness

Utility

Valor

Variety

Victory

Vigor

Virtue

Vision

Vitality

Vivacity

Volunteering

WarmheartednessWarmth

Watchfulness

Wealth

Willfulness

Willingness

Winning

Wisdom

Wittiness

Wonder

Worthiness

Youthfulness

Zeal

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Litchfield Corporation

Litchfield Corporation

Litchfield Corporation

Student’s name

Instructor

Affiliation

Course

Date

Litchfield Corporation makes sales within US and plans to diversify and make exports to UK. Hence a fully owned subsidiary in the UK is ideal. The production cost of Litchfield products is $ 15 per unit and the prospected price shall be $25 per unit making a profit of $10.when the corporation decides to sell to UK subsidiary thee same price as production, it will not make any profit in the US and therefore it will not have any income tax. However in UK, the sales will earn a $10 of profit. UK has lower tax rate and the corporation opts to pay the rate here compared to the US as it is lower thus Income tax in UK is 28% which is less with 7% compared to US. Any small consideration given to tax issues, will offer Litchfield Corporation as the US exporter the opportunity to reduce the income tax liability and positively helping them to sidestep foreign income tax liability.

Litchfield Corporation should consider the tax issues that relate to UK foreign country income taxation, state income taxation and US federal income taxation. In this case Litchfield Corporation is a US exporter and its exports sales to the foreign buyers is made through subsidiaries in United Kingdom. The IRS demands a sales pricing made by any US exporter to the related party. Therefore the exporters cannot invade income taxation of their profits but can defer it by establishing a subsidiary. When the Litchfield corporation decides to have a subsidiary, it splits its export profits into two thus; the first one, export profit from their sales in the US which is US federal income tax and the second one, export profits from the subsidiary’s sales to the foreign buyers which can only be a subject to US federal tax after it has been distributed in form of dividend.

In addition this corporation can exempt a part of its export profits form the US federal income taxation when it establishes a foreign sales corporation (FSC). The exemption will enable Litchfield Corporation that are FSC shareholders to successfully lower the US federal income tax rate that applies alongside their merged export profits.

References

Ault, H. J., & Bradford, D. F. (1990). Taxing international income: An analysis of the US system

And its economic premises. In Taxation in the global economy (pp. 11-52). University of Chicago Press.

Income tax regulations: Including proposed regulations as of May 1, 2008. (2008). Chicago, IL:

CCH.

Larkins, E. R. (2004). International applications of U.S. income tax law: Inbound and outbound

Transactions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

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Limitations of Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Limitations of Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Limitations of Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Weighted average cost of capital is the least return that a company is expected to earn so as to be able to satisfy the providers of a company’s capital, it is weighted according to the fraction assigned to each item in the pool of capital.it can also be defined as the return that is required on average to pay all the security holders in order to be able to finance its assets. Examples of sources of capital are; common stock, preferred stock, straight debt, convertible debt, exchangeable debt, warrants, options, pensions liabilities, executive stock options and so on.

The overall required return is very useful to the directors and managers of companies for it enables them make viable investment decisions, for example they can decide to expand their operations or to merge. Weighted average cost of capital assists in gauging the financial position of a company and hence being able to plan for the future as costs of acquiring finances are minimized as much as possible. It also assists in choosing the best capital structure that a firm can use.

Weighted average cost of capital is calculated by multiplying the cost of each element of capital for example loans or bonds by its percentage of total capital and then adding them together.

Weighted average cost of capital has got some limitations in its applications due to such reasons as; calculation of weighted average cost of capital is so complex due to the need to know the specific rate of return required for each source of capital, for example different sources of capital haves different taxation rates and also different interest rates hence the need for the exact rate of return. It has also some limitations because it is not very suitable as far as accessing risky projects is concerned because the cost of capital will be higher to reflect the higher risk. WACC is used by investors to show whether a company is a viable investment opportunity, it represents the rate at which it gives value to the investors.in addition to these different people will come up with different formulas for calculating WACC for the same company which give different results making WACC have limitations which hinder it being applicable in some cases.

In conclusion the companies WACC is very important both to the stock market for stock valuations and to the company’s management for capital budgeting purposes. The limitations are also very necessary for enabling investors know whether the WACC will suit them or they would prefer another method of calculating the average cost of capital, this will depend on the nature of business one engages in.

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Limited liability Company

Limited liability Company

Limited liability Company

Students Name:

Institution:

Date:

Limited Liability Company

Different from other business structures, a limited liability company has separate and

dissimilar legal rights and obligations. The most valuable thing about LLC is that its

members are not accounted for debt or liabilities of the company. Making it stand out from

the rest businesses structures LLC benefits is that it’s flexible, easy to change, and simple to

run. For instance, if the LLC owner separates his assets from the business, he should be

protected from the debts and liabilities. If the LLC is said to go bankrupt, the creditors can

only gather their debts from the assets of the business.

An S corporation is a business structure that has attractive tax benefits, and its

liabilities are protected with the corporation. S corporation is essential where businesses

are small and large as members may pay less on tax. S corporations are not entitled; hence

international revenue service manages taxation and prevents the company from double

taxation (Lux & Mclean 1998). Both business structures, the S corporation, and LLC are

obliged to taxation. Disparities occur in that an S corporation, taxes are lined down to

individuals while in LLC, the organization is taxed.

During business formation, it is essential to view taxation as it is considered as an

expense. From the case discussed above, it is crucial to forming an S corporation rather than an

LLC, as the taxes of the LLC, don’t favor individuals. Decision making may be critical, but

considering employee numbers and the business owner will help come to a decision

quickly.

The main advantage of both LLC and S corporation is that they offer limited liability

protection; hence it’s advisable to protect your assets by forming an LLC. With LLC being

flexible and easy to manage, many people are attracted to LLC (Koss, 2007). S corporation

has a vast advantage over LLC in that they can acquire funds from investors and other money

lending institutions.

Contrary S corporations’ members can receive dividends that, in return, lower their

tax billing. When it comes to management, LLC members are privileged to manage and run

the business compared to S corporation. It’s there essential when forming a business entity to

consider factors that affect the operations. One key element is taxation, such that how does

the tax affects both the business and the employee. Another factor is to consider your sources

of capital; they are your investments or from other investors. Management and ownership are

also keys in choosing the business structure you wish to approach based on your type of

business. With the ease of formation, it is better to go with a design that you are free

to establish.

References

Koss, A. M. (2007). Best practice guidance for angel groups–deal structure and

negotiation. Angel Capital Angel Educational Foundation,

http://www.angelcapitalassociation.org/data/Documents/Resources/AngelCapitalEducation/

ACEF_BEST_PRACTICES_Deal_Structuring. pdf.

Lux, M. S., & McLean, S. A. (1998). The IRS Clears the Air on S Corporation

Subsidiaries-Proposed Regulations under Code Sec. 1361 (b)(3). J. Passthrough Entities, 1,

29.

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Limited Partnership

Limited Partnership

Limited Partnership

Introduction

In limited partnership, limited partners have shares of ownership however, they do not take part to manage the partnership. They are neither liable for the amount which are greater than what they had invested in partnership. It contrasts to the general partners who play roles in daily operations of partnership, and are personally responsible for any liabilities of partnership. This paper therefore compares and contrasts the risks and benefits of being in a limited partnership in regards to corporate and partnership law.

In limited partnership, there tends to be some benefits or risks that a limited partner might face. One of the benefits of limited partnership for a limited partner is that, it is easier for the limited partnership to attract their investors since the capital that they invest in businesses is the liability for a limited partner. Limited partners on the other hand, benefits from the general partners by focusing the efforts they have in order for them to run the business. The limited partners also have the freedom to leave whenever they feel like, or they can be replaced with other people without the dissolving of the Limited partnership.

Other benefit of a limited partner is where, the partner benefits from simple operating structure. A partnership, as it is opposed to the corporation, seems to be simple to be established as well as, running it given that there are no forms which need to be filed or drafted. The partner only needs to file the certificate of partnership with the state office so as to register for the business name as well as, securing the license of that business. Because of that, annual filing corporation fees which are sometimes expensive are avoided when partnership is formed.

A limited partner also benefit in taxes advantage. In general partnership, there is flow of profit and loses from the business to the partners as compared to limited partnership, where taxes are levied on a limited partners’ income, though, a limited partner fails to experience the case, since they get to share the profits and losses as they participate in the business only (Stark, 2007).

A limited partner also benefits on liability limits in that, their liability for partnership’s debt is always limited to the money that individual partners contributes to partnership. This is different from the general partnership since any amount that is contributed usually becomes the asset of all the partners.

Another benefit of being in a limited partner is the benefit of flexibility. The decision can be easily made since the managers are the owners of the partnership when the business is small. It is different from the corporations where the shareholders, the directors, and the officers have some skilled knowledge of making decisions.

Conversely, there are some risks which a limited partner may indulge in when forming this kind of partnership. The limited partner may be risking in participating in limited partnership since they do not know whether there are chances of lack of making profit and whether there are clear guidelines that indicates who is doing what amongst the partners and how the business is to be conducted. The limited partner also risks given that there is no state regulations which are subjected to paperwork as compared to the general partnership (Goldstein, 2007).

The limited partner also risks on losing some benefits of limited partner status if they happen to take the active roles to conduct the activities of partnership, because of this, the general partners try to maintain the full personal risks. There is also a risk of a limited partner to just give out their capital contribution as it is provided in the agreement of partnership, however if the limited partners tends to participate in management of partnership business, the protected limited partner status may be lost and this makes it to become liable for all the risk (Haupt & Malange 2010).

Other risks include the risks of authority of partners. For example, when there is a contract and one partner happens to sign it, every other partner will fulfill it by bounding it legally. An example of this case is where by, one person who is in that partnership orders some computer equipments which are worth $ 5,000; it is as if his other partners placed the order too. However, if the business cannot afford to pay that bill, then the other members’ personal assets will be in line with the person who ordered for those computer equipments. This tends to be true even if the other partners are not aware of the contract (Goldstein, 2007).

References

Clarkson, K. W., Miller, R. L., & Cross, F. B. (2012). Business law: text and cases : legal, ethical, global, and corporate environment (12th ed.). London: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Goldstein, A. S. (2007). The limited partnership book. London: Garrett Pub..

Haupt, A., & Malange, N. J. (2010). Corporate law for commerce students: partnership, companies, and close corporations. London: Van Schaik Publishers.

Stark, K. J. (2007). Corporate and partnership income tax: code and regulations : selected sections (2007-2008 ed.). New York, N.Y.: Foundation Press.

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Linear Time-Invariant systems

Linear Time-Invariant systems

Linear Time-Invariant systems

Over the recent years, technology has paid keen interest to control applications, communication engineering and digital signal processing. Daily life revolves around time and its management. Our project is on Linear-Time Invariant Systems. We decided on this project because it plays a unique role in our daily lives. Individuals need to understand the value of time and how to manage it effectively so that they can achieve their dreams. Linear –Time Invariant Systems project facilitates the understanding of modern engineering technology. It does this by helping scientists and engineers learn the basic functioning of systems. This knowledge is applicable to all fields of system theory.Understanding the system makes it possible to make better machines (Ghosh 7).

After studying on state machines, signals and systems, we settled on this topic because it was a challenge. Doing a project on Linear-Time Invariant Systems would help us understand the topic and give use some expertise on the topic. This work contributed to our knowledge on the topic.

Distribution of work among members ensured the success of the project. One of the team members identified two essential properties of the Linear-Time Invariant Systems. These include linearity and time-invariance. Linearity means that a system has one dimension, in that input X will provide output X. The information means that this system has additive superposition. Time-invariance means that the output is not exclusively dependent on time. Despite the possibility of expressing time-invariance arithmetically, it was a challenge for our system to fit this exact mathematical expression (Gopalan 121).

Our project was to create a discrete digital signal that could be installed in a computer for arithmetic calculations. This is because the impulse response of the system determines its behavior and function. Another team member introduced the concept of convolution to help in building the system. This involves integrating various impulses and measuring their effect on the system. It was also important to ensure the system had memory and causality. These two properties made the program run with ease. Building the program was intense work.

We were able to finish the program and ensure that it was working. This took much effort, commitment and sacrifice from all the group members. We were also able to get test our program and proved that it was functional. Our first challenge was coming up with arithmetic arguments that would suit the unique nature of our program. It was tasking to make calculations and constantly refine them. This was mainly because we had to a find a suitable constant that would ensure rhythm for the convolution. It was challenging to access the materials for the project. This is because the system needs specified measurements that were not easily accessible within the college grounds. It was very difficult to find adequate time to work on the project. This is because of different commitments that all members of the group had. This made it difficult to find the appropriate time to all come together and meet other than during class hours. Finding adequate research for our project was also a challenge. We had to go the extra mile to access relevant samples of the system that would guide us in the project.

Works Cited

Gopalan, K G. An Introduction to Signal and System Analysis. Toronto, ON: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print.

Ghosh, Smarajit. Signals and Systems. , 2006. Print.

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Linking Assignment Part 1

Linking Assignment Part 1

Linking Assignment

Linking Assignment Part 1

Abdullah EssaPOSC 100, Dr. Wright

Date: 5/29/14

689 TEMPLE AVE, LONG BEACH, CA, 90814

U.S Congressperson: Doris O. Matsui

District: California-District 6

Party Affiliation: Democrat

Length of Service: Since March 8, 2005.

Previous Work Experience:

1998-2005-Colleen, Shannon, Scott Director of Government Relations

1992-1998- White House Staff

California State Senator: Ricardo Lara

District: 33

Party Affiliation: Democrat

Length of Service in this office: 2012 to date

Previous Work Experience: Served as California State Assembly Member between 2010-2012

California State Assemblyperson: Frank Bigelow

District: 05

Party Affiliation: Republican (Bigelow Web)

Length of service in this office: Since June 5, 2012

Previous Work Experience:

Since 1973 Ponderosa Telephone Company/ Volunteer fire fighter and owner of Bigelow Farms

Linking Assignment Part 2

Senator Ricardo Lara.

Weapon Ban

My View: Assault weapons should not be banned from the public because it will not actually bring to an end the gun violence in America. There is no clear relationship between gun control and reduction of gun violence in the country, as presumed by the senator and other proponents (“Votesmart.org” Web). The issue of gun violence should be geared towards pragmatic, bi-partisan solutions instead of focusing on political divisiveness as well as ineffective legislation as it is currently done by politicians. Attacking the rights of legal gun owners cannot offer the solution that is currently needed in reducing gun violence through wholesale prohibition of whole categories of firearms. Existing laws should just be reformed such as evaluating the mental health of people buying the guns instead of taking guns from people.

Senator Ricardo Lara’s stance on the issue

Public Statement

Senator Ricardo Lara highlights several gun violence cases in the state such as children killing children with guns as the reason for prohibiting the manufacture and possession of military style assault weapons as well as establishing licensing and record of sale requirements for gun ownership (“Votesmart.org” Web).

Senator Ricardo Lara supports the assault weapons ban legislation, which intends to stop the sale, transfer, importation, and manufacturing of military-style weapons, handguns and short-guns as well as a ban on weapons that can hold a magazine with a greater than 10 round capacity. Senator Ricardo Lara voted YES on the legislation that introduced banning of high-capacity magazines of over 10 bullets and even sponsored a gun control proposal that would see gun owners obtaining license as a way of keeping handguns and semiautomatic firearms away from people who can misuse them in killing people such as criminals.

Some of the relevant interest groups in the issue of gun control include the National Rifle Association (NRA) that which is against a tighter regulation of firearms. Gun control is absolutely one of the hotly debatable issues in America and the battle has been waged intensively through the media campaigns to assert pressure on policy makers of which NRA and the pro-gun rights voices tend to win the debate. The group has a great influence on the public something that makes it impose a great threat to the gun control policy.

Ban on Funding Abortion

Abortion is a serious issue that touches on the life of both the mother and the fetus. Funding abortion should however not encourage the act to be conducted irresponsibly especially as a birth control mechanism because that is not what it is fit to do. Most teenagers would always resort to abortion as a way of doing away with unwanted pregnancy (“Votesmart.org” Web).

a. Senator Ricardo Lara’s stance on the issue is that funding abortion should be encouraged and he supports the idea of using taxpayer funding for the project and strongly opposed bans on the practice of partial birth abortion.

Lara has demonstrated that he does not support law that allows third trimester’s abortion unless the mother’s life is in danger and has since opposed attempts to remove abortion coverage from plans covering abortion.

Planned Parenthood is one of the interest groups that actively lobby on the pro-choice side especially the right of women to have access to all reproductive healthcare options. The interest group has a huge influence on the public and has greatly invested on the abortion issue.

Linking Assignment Part 3

Name:

Address:

Senator Ricardo Lara

State Capitol, Room 5050 Sacramento, CA 95814-4900

Dear Senator,

I beg to disagree with you on the issue of gun control. Gun ownership greatly helps in self-defense among the citizens. Proponents of gun ownership argue that the idea that guns are used in criminal activities is misleading since these activities are believed to have existed even before the guns came into existence. Guns may play a major role in reducing crime rates, since the criminals may fear being attacked by their target who own guns. Ownership of guns may imply that the government is no longer responsible in providing security, and this may discourage tourists from visiting the country.

Gun control does not deter criminals from their activities but instead provides guarantee that they will not face any armed resistance from the civilians. Prohibition of guns may lead to increase of black market that may impose serious threat to the citizens. It is apparent that there is no clear relationship between gun control and reduction of gun violence in the country, as presumed by the senator and other proponents. The issue of gun violence should be geared towards pragmatic, bi-partisan solutions instead of focusing on political divisiveness as well as ineffective legislation as it is currently done by politicians. Attacking the rights of legal gun owners cannot offer the solution that is currently needed in reducing gun violence through wholesale prohibition of whole categories of firearms. Existing laws should just be reformed such as evaluating the mental health of people buying the guns instead of taking guns from people. Kindly reconsider your stance on the issue of gun control based on the facts I have provided.

Sincerely,

Name

Signature

Name:

Address:

Frank Bigelow

Address:

Dear Assemblyman,

Your support for owing a gun is a great boost to not only the district you represent but also to the country at large (Bigelow Web). The most important thing is peaceful coexistence that comprises love, trust and forgiveness amongst individuals would be better than gun control law. Gun control have not completely solved the issue of insecurity. This is evident from the numerous failures such as various shootouts that have been experienced in various parts of America. It is therefore important to note that gun control cannot solve the issues of insecurity by making others safer, yet these zones, whether on college campuses or at the city or country level, have not disarmed criminals (Bigelow Web). It may be assumed that the law only target innocent citizens who are the most law-abiding citizens hence exposing them to risk while making criminals lives easy because they cannot be easily disarmed.

In rural homes, riffles are widely used in hunting and therefore illegalizing them may deny a citizen’s right to hunt. Moreover, banning guns may lead to rising of black market that will even impose more threat to the citizens with criminals even earning a lot more from the gun business. Civilians’ contribution towards the companies selling guns cannot be denied. The companies’ sale increases thus getting enough money to make weapons that are even more sophisticated. Additionally, there are deadlier weapons used in mass destruction apart from guns. For instance, citizens owning guns did not contribute the 9/11. People have used knives in killing others and other simple things such as pens that are turned into weapons by their users. The people of America may also use the guns against a dictatorial government.

Sincerely,

Name

Signature

Name:

Address:

Doris O. Matsui

Address:

Dear Congresswoman,

Following your NO stand from in prohibiting taxpayer funded abortion, you have shown the public that you strongly care about the right of a woman and mothers across America (“Open Congress” Web). Funding abortion is absolutely one of the ways mothers can escape death that could have otherwise occurred without carrying out abortion. Mothers across the country and in the 5th district are actually relieved and they feel that they have a leader who fully represents them.

However, there are cases where the act of abortion is misused and even treated as a birth control system. Parents take their teenage girls to abortions to get rid of unwanted pregnancy yet that is not the main purpose of the act. You should therefore lead the campaign that can stop the misuse of abortion so that the funds provided can be effectively and efficiently used. Public awareness and introduction of legislation that deters the misuse of abortion may greatly help. Kindly do something in your capacity to make sure that mothers are safe and that public funds are not misappropriated.

Works Cited

“California State Senate.” Senators, 2013. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://senate.ca.gov/senators>.

“Open Congress.” On Passage: H R 1797 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, 18 June 2013. Web. 22 May 2014.

“Votesmart.org.” Ricardo Lara’s Biography, 2014. Web. 29 May 2014. <http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/104399/ricardo-lara#.U4bjra6Ipdi>.

Bigelow, Frank. Issue Policy Positions: Frank Bigelow for Assembly 2012. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://frankbigelow.com/policies.html>.

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Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen

Name

Institution

Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen reacts with many materials such as wood, leather and asphalt. It has a strong mechanical impact with these materials. Mechanic impact represents potential for ignition between two materials when they strike each other during an operation. The process involves generation of heat through transfer of kinetic energy and creation of strain energy due to transfer of the momentum of one materials mass to another material. For mechanical impact to occur, the masses of the material involved must be large and must strike each other during service. Mechanical impact is common in gases and liquid oxygen as well as porous hydrocarbons such as asphalt.

Properties of oxygen make this possible. Oxygen is the only gas that supports combustion of combustible materials. Oxygen reacts violently with organic component such as asphalt. Oxygen saturated environment such as liquid oxygen can have explosive reaction with asphalt (Meyer, 2010). Asphalt is organic since it contains hydrocarbons. Therefore, mechanical impact occurs when liquid oxygen and organic asphalt contained in asphalt pavement come in contact.

The mechanical impact is strongly influenced by mechanical heat energy, which is kinetic energy or molecular motion energy. Friction between surfaces also results in mechanical heat energy. Compressing gas into a liquid also result in heat energy. This is notable in diesel engines where ignition sparking is negated by heat of compression, which relies on heat production through compressing air and mixing it with petroleum. Exothermic reactions occur when kinetic energy is transformed into molecular motion leading to a violent explosion. It this kind of reaction that occurs when liquid oxygen spill on asphalt pavements. If explosions do not occur immediately dropping something such as a hammer in the area of spill triggers the explosion.

For these reason, it is always important to cordon off area of liquid oxygen spill, avoid walking on such surfaces s or dropping anything on them until they are cleaned. Liquid oxygen is frequently used by patients in hospital and at home. It is important for the users to be taught safety measure and how to handle spill especially when they have asphalt floors.

Reference

Meyer, E. (2010). Chemistry of hazardous materials (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

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List and describe the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies

List and describe the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies

List and describe the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies

Introduction

Research and Development (R & D) is an important tool in the business strategy implementation process aimed at not only growing but improving a business as well. It is basically a venture in technology and future capabilities, and entails researching a given market and customer needs in order to create not only new but improved products, processes and services to match customer needs. As highlighted by David (2000, p.99), there are three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies. In view of this therefore, this paper intends to discuss the three approaches for implementing strategies.

Being the First Business Organization to Market Technological Products

One of the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies is to actually be the first organization to market new technological products. According to Porter & Cunningham (2004, p.6), this particular approach is and has been a significant factor in enabling many business organizations to establish their dominant positions within a number of advanced markets. As an approach for implementing business strategies, working at being the first organization to market technological products often blows away any serious competition. As a result; other business organizations simply find it difficult to keep up. David (2012, p.122) however highlights that as much as it is glamorous and exciting approach, it may also be a dangerous one. This is in view of the fact that many companies, for instance, the famous General Electric, have succeeded using this particular approach, with many other pioneering companies failing as well.

Being a Creative or Innovative Imitator of Flourishing Products

A second major approach for implementing strategies is to be a creative and innovative imitator of thriving products. According to David (2012,p.124), this approach is often helpful in terms of enabling business organizations minimize not only risks but costs involved in start-ups.This particular approach often entails letting a given pioneer business organization to develop the original version of a given product and demonstrating that a market for the product indeed exists. Once this is done, laggard business organizations come up (develop) such similar products. The strategy, however, requires excellent research and development personnel alongside an outstanding marketing department.

Being a Low-Cost Manufacturer or Producer of Related Products but Less Costly Products

A third major approach for implementing strategies is to be a low-cost manufacturer or producer by mass-producing of related products but less costly products that are recently produced within a given market. As new products become accepted by customers, prices often become increasingly significant in the customers’ buying decision. This strategy however requires significant investment in terms of plant and equipments but fewer costs in research and development compared to the other aforementioned approaches. As highlighted by David (2012,p.127), one of the most recently noted trends relating to this particular approach is relaxing the secrecy veil whereby business companies, even key competitors, are joining forces to create new products, hence securing low-cost production. Collaboration among business companies is thus on the increase owing to rising competitive pressures, rising regulatory-related issues, increasing research costs as well as accelerated product development schedules.

Conclusion

As highlighted, it is evidently clear that research and development (R & D) is a significant means through which any business organization can achieve future growth through the initiating the development of new products/services or processes aimed at not only improving but also expanding their operations. The paper has generally listed and provided a discussion of the three major R & D approaches for implementing strategies.

Work Cited

David, Fred. Strategic Management Concepts: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Prentice Hall PTR, Pp.116-127, 2012

David, Fred. Instructors Resource Manual, Prentice Hall PTR, Pp.99-101, 2000

Porter, Alan & Cunningham, Scott. Tech Mining: Exploiting New Technologies for Competitive Advantage, John Wiley & Sons, Pp.6, 2004

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List of groups that are relevant to me

List of groups that are relevant to me

List of groups that are relevant to me

Sports teams

Unions

Asian American

Science

Politics

Entertainment

Women

Climate activism

Environmental clubs

Cat lovers

Athlete

When I was kid, I had trouble understanding politics. about nations and democracy. I found it incomprehensible that strangers and haphazard individuals set the rules for my existence. I was unable to comprehend why regulations had to be set in the first place. Why would individuals assert that this is a land of freedom when there are laws and directives to be obeyed?

Most significantly, I gained a certain amount of interest about the enigmatic decision-making strangers. I learnt and comprehended a lot. I am now of voting age, I see the benefits of becoming exposed to politics. But I’ve discovered that among folks my generation, this isn’t the norm; contrary, there are lot of individuals who just “don’t care”.

Some years, a fight broke out between one of my classmates and a teacher about this. He had a very limited understanding of politics, and she (the instructor) was furious that he was not ready to learn more. Since she judged his IQ based on his grasp of politics, he became enraged. Personally, I think they were both mistaken, but that is not the topic at hand. Because I had never before considered the issue, “Why must we care about politics?” specifically as teenagers?

The solution is straightforward: We are in control of your life as much as we proactively are concerned about politics.

I really think that perhaps the time we begin to distance ourselves from politics; we begin to lose control over our lives. It’s the point at which we give those in authority all the tools necessary to steal our lives and change them anyway they like. When we actually don’t care about politics, that’s when control is lost.

Somebody may think this is over the top, and perhaps it is, but I’d like you to realize how important this is. We have to stick up for what we believe in, particularly as youth. Politics must worry us since we are the ones who are most affected by them.

The crucial job of a transformational leader is to increase employee confidence in their capacity to do a certain task, subject to the impression-managing techniques employed by the staff. I practice these every day to build and enhance my self-efficacy. In order to further my leadership goals, I use social media platforms to carry out self-presentation strategies, which predominately involve individualized techniques.

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