Comparison of GDP and PPP of Several States

Comparison of GDP and PPP of Several States

Comparison of GDP and PPP for Several Countries

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Comparison of GDP and PPP of Several States

GDP is defined as the aggregate measure of the production of a state when equated to the gross value of residents living in a particular country. The GDP combines the taxes and subsidies in the value of the outputs of a state. PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) is a constituent of economic theories (Reid, 2013). PPP is a technique used to govern the comparative value of varied currencies. GDP is often used to estimate the economic value and performance of any state. GDP can also be used to estimate the relative industrial contribution to the state economy.

This paper will examine a selected number of five countries and evaluate their GDP as a derivative from PPP calculations. According to the world bank estimates, the United States has a GDP of $ 16800 billion (PPP of $ 16.47 trillion) in 2013, China has an estimated $ 16158 billion($ 13.39 trillion) for the same period, India $ 6774 billion (PPP of $ 4.99 trillion), Japan $ 4624 billion ($ 4.73 trillion PPP) and Germany $ 3493 billion (PPP of $ 3.23 billion) (Chamberlin, 2014).

The American society has almost the PPP and GDP of 2013 almost equal (Reid, 2013). Often, it is almost impossible to find that a state can strike a balance between PPP and GDP. For this reason, it is vital to understand that the Americans embrace their domestically produced products. Most Americans embrace their domestically produced products hence they boost their economy through embracing their own products hence achieving an equilibrium between the GDP and PPP.

The uneven economic status of China and socialist setup of the Republic of China makes it easy for the GDP to surpass the PPP (Chamberlin, 2014). This therefore means that because not all the people in China are affluent, they would rather prefer buying their domestically products that are much cheaper than importing foreign products that may be expensive. Japan has a relatively higher PPP than the GDP for several reasons (Reid, 2013). The first major reason is the affluent level of the Japanese citizens surpasses those of many other countries who have a higher GDP than herself. For this reason, the Japanese citizens have extra cash to import products they demand from other states.

The Chinese problem also affects India. This is because of an almost unequal financial capacity of Indian citizens. There is a great gap between the rich and the poor in India (Xu, 2013). The extremely rich persons are fewer in number while the poor form a large proportion of the Indian society. The concept of the US having more GDP and PPP is the presence of available land for expansion and resources to meet the needs of the citizens (Chamberlin, 2014). This therefore makes it easy to determine the needs of the people thus making them unable to seek for goods or services elsewhere. Germany has a balanced PPP and GDP because of its stable economy and the capacity of its citizens to purchase their own good. This therefore makes it hard for them to import an excess of foreign products thus strengthen the American Dollar or Euro.

To achieve economic prosperity, it is essential for every state to extensively invest in provision of the needs of the citizens and ensuring that the citizens do not seek for economic services elsewhere. The relative value of states is essential in estimation of the purchasing power of a country.

References

Chamberlin, G. (2014). Gross domestic product, real income and economic welfare. Economic & Labor Market Review, 5-25.

Reid, D. (2013). Combining Three Estimates of Gross Domestic Product. Economical, 431-431.

Xu, X. (2013). China’s gross domestic product estimation. China Economic Review, 302-322.

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Comparison of starting up a non-franchise Ice Cream store or franchise company Dairy Queen

Comparison of starting up a non-franchise Ice Cream store or franchise company Dairy Queen

Dairy Queen

Name:

Professor

Institution:

Course

Date

Franchise holder rebellion issues facing Dairy Queen

There are many problems, which are affecting Dairy Queen, and this has created a rebellion towards it by its franchise holders. Dairy Queen is coming up with new regulations, which are making those, who have its franchise to suffer greatly. They are being forced to increase their table service and even the number of existing restaurants. If they do not comply with these new rules, they risk losing their franchise (Cohen, 2007). The result is that more than ten members of the Dairy Queen franchise are going to court to sue the company. This is an example of an organizational problem, which needs to be dealt with, as soon as possible if not, the repercussions will be expensive.

Some of the states that have complaints against Dairy Queen are Maryland, Missouri, Arizona, Kentucky, among others. They hope to stop the plans of Dairy Queen from pushing through. The law suit is causing a lot of problems to Dairy Queen, as well as to Berkshire Hathaway. The latter is owned by Warren Buffet an American billionaire. According to Chuck Mooty, the Chief Executive at Dairy Queen, the move is not meant to hurt any franchise holder. Dairy Queen has to find a way of ensuring that the rebellion does not exist (Mooty, 2011).

This problem is a concern for the management, because it will affect the companies’ outcome. The management should come up with ways to ensure that they solve the situation before it escalates further. Dairy Queen should ensure that it deals with its franchise holders on a personal basis, so that the situation is monitored (Macmillan, 2007). The management should come up with an effective marketing strategy to make sure that problems of a rebellious nature do not occur ever again. The problem exists because the franchise holders are being told to pay more than $275000 to improve their stores. This means that the franchise holders will incur more expenses, such as increasing the number of staff. Mooty believes that more advantages will come about due to the new rules, which are going to be implemented (Charleston, 2008). The management at Dairy Queen cannot understand why there is rebellion as the companies are not being forced into something new. This is because the franchise holders have to sign a contract. The contract specifies that they will have to add additional costs, which will expand their business (Schawnz, 2011).

Furthermore, the franchise holders are being influenced by associations of franchises. This is because they compete with Dairy Queen for supplying the franchise holder’s .The outcome is that Dairy Queen benefits more, thus the cause for their problems. The theory of marketing stipulates that businesses have to find a way of making sure that they are able to control different forces in the market (Kennon, 2010). Daisy Queen should make the franchise holders know that the additional costs will profit them in the long run. There is no need of taking the matter to court as it will only bring more problems. The lawsuit is expensive and Dairy Queen is sure to emerge the winner in this case. The contract at Dairy Queen for Franchise holders must be reviewed to ensure that they specify everything in detail (Niemela, 2009). This way, everything will be clear to those who intend to get into a contract with Dairy Queen. The Franchise situation at Dairy Queen will be solved through effective strategy implementation by management.

References

Charleston, W. (2008). Dairy Queen faces franchisee revolt. Food Inc. msnbc.com. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23376156/ns/business-consumer_news/t/dairy-queen-faces-franchisee-revolt/” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23376156/ns/business-consumer_news/t/dairy-queen-faces-franchisee-revolt/

Cohen, David. (2007). Doritos Queen – a dairy queen disaster. Idfive.com. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.attentionscan.com/2007/03/doritos-queen-dairy-queen-disaster.html” http://www.attentionscan.com/2007/03/doritos-queen-dairy-queen-disaster.html

Kennon, Joshua. (2010). The Dairy Queen Franchisee Revolt. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.joshuakennon.com/the-dairy-queen-franchisee-revolt/” http://www.joshuakennon.com/the-dairy-queen-franchisee-revolt/

Macmillan, Douglas. (2007). Franchise owners go to court. Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jan2007/sb20070129_887153_page_2.htm” http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jan2007/sb20070129_887153_page_2.htm

Mooty. Chuck. Personal communication, August 16, 2011.

Niemela, Jennifer. (2009). DQ’s Q1 same-store sales up 5%”. Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2009/04/13/daily18.html” http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2009/04/13/daily18.html

Schawnz. Chris. personal communication, August 16, 2011

.

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Complete the map template ( I completed).

Complete the map template ( I completed).

Leadership Studies

Student’s Name

Institution

To qualify for an A: Complete the map template ( I completed). Additionally, describe one goal for each of the five levels and prioritize these, beginning with the most important ones first For each goal listed

Team Goals

I will volunteer for committees in the local organizations in Saudi Arabia and find out how I can get on the social list of influential persons in my community.

I intend to create a Vision and mission statement for my team by 2014

I will outline the actions necessary to accomplish team results and attain them in spite of external circumstances by 2015

I intend to be creative by assuming a more proactive and active part in the team by 2016

I also intend to evaluate our team portfolio in order to know exactly what I know and what I do not know by 2017

Augment on the quality of work as I work in San Antonio’s VA hospital by 2018

Community Goals

I will deliberately build a network of individuals that I know at a personal level. I will also be predisposed to this network through checking out with every individual at least once in a month.

Engage in the organization of USA Mosque religious plans and events by the year 2014

Ensure that people back home including by parents can have an improved access to preventive and fundamental health care by the year 2015

Ensure that education programs in health and wellness preventive services are improved by the year 2016

Ensure that individuals and families in a disaster are stabilized while ensuring that their capacity to attain self sufficiency is improved by the year 2017

Ensure that the youth in Saudi Arabia are supported both in their academics and their social lives to enable them to not only learn life skills, but also graduate from school and become marketable in the job market by 2018

Family Goals

I will avoid doing tasks that tend to be too structured and that are likely to suppress my quest for variety. If given a number of tasks I will indulge my quest for flexibility by being creative to make the tasks extra fun in a number of ways.

Ensure that I have quality time with my nuclear family through doubling the time we have for recreation in order to be more close and in touch with them by the year 2014

Get one more kid and spend two hours of quality time with my children on a daily basis by the year 2015

Assist my parents attain their objectives and dreams by 2016

Ensure that my family has a will and an estate plan by 2017

Take my wife to Paris for our tenth anniversary celebrations by 2018

Professional Goals

I will look to people who are more strategic and have a strong focus for planning so that they may help me attain my long term professional goals.

Graduate from both San Antonio’s VA hospital and St. Mary University by 2014

Get a Job that is in tandem with my knowledge and interests as well as my strengths in Saudi Arabia by 2015; If I get a Job that is in tandem with my knowledge and interests as well as my strengths in Saudi Arabia in 2015 I will be able to buy a house and a car and invest in my own business. I will meet this goal through networking with family and friends. I will have to stop wasting time on the television and start making job applications in order to meet this goal. I will know I have attained this goal once am employed by one of the dream companies in which I intend to make applications.

Gain experience in various fields and augment my income by 20% through consulting on a part time basis particularly in the evenings by 2016

Start making business investments by 2017

Enroll in one of South Arabian University’s PhD programs by 2018

Personal Goals

Driven by my talents I believe that life will turn out to be good if I take my time to think about how I will react to situations in the future. This is because forethought assists in adjusting to unexpected challenges.

Strategize on how to achieve all the above goals as early as 2014

Visit the US during holidays while making efforts to improve my spoken English in 2015

Move back to Saudi Arabia and ensure am in the right social ladder in 2016

Ensure I enroll with a health insurance company in Saudi Arabia by 2017

Buy a house and two cars in Saudi Arabia by 2018

Strategies for Meeting the Above Goals

I will capitalize on the fact that I am a fun magnet to reach out to friends, new and former classmates, family friends, coworkers and team mates. This is because am capable of making circumstances enjoyable for individuals through bubbling with enthusiasm and energy. I will thus at any given point welcome opportunities to be happy. The fact that I have a nark for making new friends will befit me in achieving these goals. Many are the times I find myself asking questions that are certain to motivate discussions with people I get acquainted with for the first time. I will capitalize on this to ensure it assists me achieve the above goals.

How to Measure and Monitor My Progress for Each Goal

Through participating in animated give and take sessions I would be able to gauge whether I have attained each of these goals or not by making comparisons of my status and those of my peers. Given that I participate in classes, conferences and seminars where ideas are exchanged on how things can be made better, I will be in a position to judge myself against these standards and find out what I have done so far, what still needs to be done and what needs to be improved in order to ensure that all my goals are attained within the given time frame.

Community and Professional Networks

To further develop and enhance my self confidence, as well as interpersonal and professional skills I will need a number of community and professional networks that would provide me with support and feedback. These would include: friends of my family, former and current class mates, team mates and coworkers.

References

Rath Tom, (2012). Now Discover Your Strength: Strengths Finder. Gall Up Inc: New York

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Component of the Pre-departure Training

Component of the Pre-departure Training

Human Resource Management

Affiliation

Student’s Name

Component of the Pre-departure Training

The pre-departure training should have the following components for it to be helpful to the employees in their foreign work environments;

The training should compose inter-cultural aspects that will help the employees adjust to the new foreign environment where they are to be posted. The foreign environments have different cultural environments from the one that the employees are currently working. Employees need to be trained on how they should quickly adapt to the new environment and act in accordance to the new cultural environment with little difficult (Johnson, 2009).

The pre-departure training should be composed of the basics of the language that is spoken in the foreign environment where the employee is to be posted. Language is key since it is the backbone of all communication in any given work environment. The pre-departure training should incorporate the language skills that will ensure that employees will not have any difficulties in handling and delegating their assignments in their new work environment (Tung, 1981).

The pre-departure training should incorporate psychological aspects that will be tailored to help the employees to easily and quickly adapt to the foreign work environment. The employees will certainly be away from their families and friends and they will be in a completely new environment. They need to be advised on how they will psychologically adjust to the new environment away from their friends and families without their adjusting affect their working and daily operations.

The pre-departure training should incorporate environmental aspects and characteristics of the foreign environments where the employees are to be posted. This way, employees will be aware of what they expect in the new environments and how they should prepare themselves about the new environment. Environmental aspects could be a barrier to adjustment to the new environment and it would make it hard for employees to be comfortable in the new environment especially if the environment conflicts with the general well being of an individual (Tung, 1981).

The pre-departure training should incorporate aspects of the roles and responsibilities that are likely to change in the new work environment and be alerted in advance whether their roles and responsibilities are to change through increment or reduction. This prepares their psychology and lets them know what is required of them. This is of great importance since it helps the employee adjust easily and quickly to fill in the gap that is in the firm in the foreign environment. Notification of the roles and responsibilities assignees are required to play helps employee know why they are to be sent to delegate their roles and responsibilities at the international level (Tung, 1981).

Criteria for Employee Assessment

Employees in the foreign countries have to have their distinct assessment criteria. The assessment is different because the work environments vary from one country or region to another. The management would apply the following assessment criteria for their employees in foreign countries;

The assessment of employees working in foreign work places should be highly based on the quality of work that the employee delivers compared to what the employee is expected to deliver in a given time period. The quality of work can be measured through different ways and it can be done by assessing the amount of work that an employee has done that requires to be done again could be due to errors and mistakes. It could also be done on the basis of the amount of work by an employee that is not accepted or is rejected. This way, it would be easy to assess whether the employee is delivering high, poor and average quality work. The better the quality of work is done, the greater the level of efficiency and, the better the levels of customer satisfaction and subsequent total performance and output by the organization.

The manner in which employees working in foreign work stations are able to complete tasks assigned to them in terms of timeliness could be used as a criteria for assessment. Employees are assigned different tasks and usually, there are timelines when a task should have been handled. The employees could be assessed whether they are able to delegate and have done their roles and responsibilities in the expected time frames. An employee should be assessed whether they are capable of having things done when they are supposed to be done. Timeliness in handling tasks and assignments ensures that much amount work is covered and there are few carry forwards in terms of work and assignments (Ulrich, 1997).

The degree which an employee is able to follow the set rules and regulations and adhere to the set policies in foreign workplaces is an important criterion for assessment for employees working in foreign workplaces. In the new environment, the rules and policies are definitely far much different compared to those in the previous workplace. Determination of how well they are able to comply with the set principles would help determine whether they are adapting well to the new work environment. The adaptability to policies set determines the output, cooperativeness, performance and productivity of employees. Compliance with the policies enhances the performance and productivity of employees.

Recruiting and Selection Strategy

In offering international assignments, the following recruiting strategies should be followed by the management;

The technical ability of an individual is one of the strategies and criterion that the firm should consider in selecting employees for international assignments. In the international work stations, there are specific assignments that selected employees are required to fulfill. The individuals selected for international assignments should be those who are able and possess the required skills to delegate their international assignments. The technical ability of an individual determines whether an individual can be relied on to conduct themselves without supervision and guidance (Tung, 1981).

In recruiting and selecting individuals for international assignments, the management should consider the ability of an employee to easily understand and subsequently apply the local language in communication and in dispensing duties and roles effectively. The personnel to be selected should be those who are easily compatible with the locally spoken language. This way, the employees will be able to adjust quickly and easily to the new environment and be able to relate with customers in the new environment easily and much quickly (Bruce, 2003).

The management would consider applying the strategy of issuing selection tests among employees. Through these tests, the management can be able to assess the personality and characteristics of an individual. The most desirable personality traits are then identified and matched with those of individual employees. The employee with the most suitable personality traits and characteristics is then selected for the international assignment (Tung, 1981).

Staffing alternatives

The two staffing alternatives are part time members of the staff who operate on part time throughout in place of permanent employees but provide similar services to those that other members of the permanent staff would provide. The other is members of staffs who are there or exist to provide assistance to certain members of staff before they full adjust and get to fully know the work activities and environment (Johnson, 2009).

The best fit staffing alternative for foreign operations at the firm is the staffing alternative that helps new members of staff to fully acquaint themselves with different work activities. This staffing alternative reduces on costs of hiring a part time employee who could even charge higher than other members of staff. Once the permanent or full time member of staff fully gets to know what is required of them, they are likely to easily become better and more efficient to part time members of staff whose reliance and availability at the work place is dependent on their availability and convenience (Ulrich, 1997).

Mentoring System

The provision of a high quality mentoring system is of great importance for international assignees. The mentoring system would play an integral part in ensuring that employees are made to easily and quickly catch up and adjust to the new working environment as they get to delegate their assigned international assignments. The mentoring system acts as guidance on what should be done in what way and at what time. Guiding the employees would be of great importance especially because they might feel out of place in new work environments and end up doing the wrong thing despite knowing or being aware of what should and requires to be done (Bruce, 2003).

A quality mentoring system would be of great importance in ensuring that employees do not make many mistakes or errors as they delegate their roles and duties in the international assignments. In a new work environment, the assignees are very likely to make mistakes and errors in delegating their assignments. The mentoring system should act as guidance to the employees to ensure that they guide them and through guidance, the probability that one could make an error in delegating their roles and assignments is relatively low.

Measuring Returns on Investment (ROI)

Measuring Returns on Investment for international assignments is of great importance because it indicates whether the presence of new employees and their subsequent assignment of their different roles and responsibilities has added value in the work produced and the impact it has had on the welfare of the firm. In measuring the Return on Investment for international assignments, the following would be done;

To begin with, the measurement of the Returns on investment must be done within a defined and a given time frame or a given time period. The measurement would consider the improvements and enhancement in efficiency, productivity and performance. International assignees should have added value to the firm where they are sent for assignments in terms of enhancing efficiency and increasing productivity and subsequent performance of tasks. If there is a positive change and improvement impacted by sending the international assignees, then there is a positive return on Investment on these assignees. If there is zero change and improvement in terms of efficiency, performance and productivity of the firm, then there is zero impact and Return on Investment of the employees assigned the different roles and responsibilities at the international scene (Bruce, 2003).

References

Bruce, J. (2003). Investment Performance Measurement. New York: Wiley & Sons.

Conaty, B. (2010). The talent masters : why smart leaders put people before numbers. New York: Crown Business.

Johnson, P. (2009). HRM in changing organizational contexts. London: Routledge.

Riley, J. (1980). Management and ideology : the legacy of the international management movement. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Tung, R. (1981). ‘Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments’,. Columbia Journal of World Business , 68–78.

Ulrich, D. (1997). Human resource champions : the next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

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Components of a Copyright document

Components of a Copyright document

Components of a Copyright document

Name

Institution

A copyright document grants the exclusive right of publishing and selling musical or literary work by any individual in a given country. Copyrights differ in lengths with respect to the existing jurisdictions. The difference in lengths of copyrights is affected by factors such as work type and the publication status (published/published). It could also be affected by whether published by a given individual or perhaps a corporation. Copyrights periods can be adjusted by legislation if such legislations allow such provision (Henley, 2001). In other cases, copyright terms curtailing from their current lengths is evident. This has been done without any appeal to the probably increased enthusiasm in engaging the movements of creating new works by the authors or creator whose copyright would run out.

Some creative works and publication have lengthy copyright terms with the default copyright time of an author being set as the author’s lifespan with an additional period of fifty to seventy years. This is the case in most parts of the world. In countries such as the US and the UK, a copyright term for any existing works is fixed after publication. It is then bound to expire after a set period, usually at the end of the fixed calendar year. While jurisdictions have been strict on copyright terms, some authors/creators have been demanding for the extension of their copyright terms in order to create more works. This has been difficult since curtailing for such terms exists in most countries. This could even start with the public like a case of Mark Helprin (Lang, 2009).

The law covering copyrights is seen as unjust by some individuals (Lessig, 2009). Lessig (2009) says that there has to be something that is fundamentally unjust as far as the copyright law is concerned. The law is said to protect individuals’ ordinary properties for an unlimited period. This is however not provided for whenever it comes to copyright protection terms (Lessig, 2009). It is after the expiry time of such works that the public can manipulate it in their own way with limited control by the author or creator. The root to this is a major demoralizing factor to many authors and aspiring artists. If at all their work could be protected by the law just like any other ordinary property, things could be better for them.

While most author want their publications to remain under their control forever, their dreams seem to be infeasible. The infeasibility in achieving such unlimited protection however seems to be unfair in the real world especially after considering all difficulties an author or artist has to go through before creating substance in their piece of work. Unlike any other property such as houses, cars and businesses, author’s work may not be covered for protect for an equal period despite hardships like paying of taxes and creativity (Helprin, 2007). It is argued in the same that copyright terms should be protected like any other property or businesses in the real world circumstances. Copyrights according to Helprin (2007) should not be subjected to confiscation but forever be protected by the government and the law. Like any person’s wealth and possession, copyrights need allowance of flowing from a given generation to the proceeding generations.

In some cases, some work creators feel unprotected at all. The US law provides no copyright protection for useful work. This is evident in the fashion industry whereby it protects logos, brand name, fashion houses and fabric print but fail to protect the fashion itself (Eguchi, 2012). This case could appear consoling sentiment to the people advocating for an unlimited time for their copyright terms. The mystery to many creators is where the great profits from their piece of creations goes to.

It is even unclear to the original authors who benefit much from their work even during the copyright protected period (Henley, 2001). According to Henley, many authors know they created great works but no one knows where the profits have gone. The best is the case of classical music performances (Henley, 2001). He also provides an example of house decorated by Maurice Ravel who had inherited it. He later used to perform most of his classical music from 1928. His creations have been unprotected no more as evident in its use by Torvill and Dean in their gold medal performance for the Winter olimpics in 1984. Other people have used his work such as Moore and Derek (Henley, 2001). This looks unfair for such creative thinker. This is not all since most of the greatest classical music fielms were performed in the same artistic house.

There is a major problem with the extention of copyright terms.The law has not provided for this. People on the other hand would at any time be waiting for an oportunity to invest on other people’s ideas and creativity. This is seen in what happened when Mark Helprin tried to call for extension of his copyright term. The idea of curtailing his extension request was countered with angry comments from internet users. Most of the commenting individuals banded in unison with an aim of abolishing copyrights (Lang, 2009). This would give them the right to distribute software and music with no cost, an absolute loss and harm to the creator whose copyright term has not elapsed. It follows that the public would always receive the extension of such rights with grievances.

References

Eguchi, A. (2012, September 12 ). Curtailing Copycat Couture: The Merits of the Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Prevention Act and a Licensing Scheme for the Fashion Industry . Retrieved on October 15, 2012, from The Legal Workshop: HYPERLINK “http://legalworkshop.org/2012/09/12/curtailing-copycat-couture-the-merits-of-the-” http://legalworkshop.org/2012/09/12/curtailing-copycat-couture-the-merits-of-the-innovative-design-protection-and-piracy-prevention-act-and-a-licensing-scheme-for-the-fashion-industry

Helprin, M. (2007, May 20). A Great Idea Lives Forever. Shouldn’t Its Copyright? Retrieved on October 15, 2012, from Opinion: HYPERLINK “http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/20/opinion/20helprin.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/20/opinion/20helprin.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

Henley, J. (2001, April 25 ). Poor Ravel. Retrieved on October 15, 2012, from The Guardian: HYPERLINK “http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/apr/25/arts.highereducation” http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/apr/25/arts.highereducation

Lang, J. S. (2009, October 17). Fine Writing, Wise Analysis . Retrieved on October 15, 2012, from Digital Barbarism: HYPERLINK “http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061733113?ie=UTF8&tag=vglnkc7244-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061733113” http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061733113?ie=UTF8&tag=vglnkc7244-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061733113

Lessig, L. (2009, May 20). The Solipsist and the Internet (a Review of Helprin’s Digital Barbarism). Retrieved on October 15, 2012, from media: HYPERLINK “http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-lessig/the-solipsist-and-the-int_b_206021.html” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-lessig/the-solipsist-and-the-int_b_206021.html

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Comprehensive analysis of the Book of Amos

Comprehensive analysis of the Book of Amos

Analysis of the Book of Amos

Introduction

The book of Amos consists of nine chapters, and is one of the twelve minor prophetic books in the Bible. Accordingly, religious researchers argue that the book of Amos was the first prophetic book to be written during this time, and for that reason, it set the pace for the rest of the prophetic books to be written (Rendsburg, 1994). Carrying various themes of divine judgment, repentance, divine power, and social justice, the book of Amos presents the prophecy of Amos regarding the fall of the different states in Israel and Judah. This book is said to have been written during the period when Israelites had forgotten God’s place in their hearts and Amos, the perceived author of the book aws sent to deliver a message of repentance to his people. Considered a prophet of doom by others, Amos foretold of a time when the Israelites will be punished for their sins, and forsake of God and his teachings.

However, Amos did not only speak of negative events and happenings, he also spoke of a time of restitution thus encouraging Christians to works towards the achievement of God’s teachings so as to avoid his wrath. Fundamentally, the book of Amos presents one of the greatest prophesies of the time, illustrated in the simplest and most comprehensive manner for all readers to understand.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Book of Amos. Specifically, the paper examines the date, authorship, historical and cultural backdrop, as well as, scholarly interpretations of the meaning and themes of the book. The paper concludes by providing a personal reflection of the book of Amos.

Summary of the Book of Amos

Arguably, the book of Amos is divided into five main sections. The first section of the book consists of the readings of Amos Chapter 1 and 2. These two chapters introduce the readers to Amos’ message and prophesy with regards to the various nations of Judah. Observably, Amos gives his prophesy regarding the judgment of various nations namely, Aram, Philistia, Phoenicia, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Judah, and Israel (Rendsburg, 1994). Accordingly, because the book of Amos was intended for passing the message of God to the Israelites, the judgment of Israel as a nation is emphasized. Chapter 2 examines the different short fallings and sins of the Israelites and explains how each sinner will receive judgment for their sins. Some of the sins that were up for judgment as listed in the book include oppression of the poor, dissent of religion, and the different attitudes of the Israelites regarding the religious way of life (Rendsburg, 1994). The entire chapter explains how different sinners will receive different judgments with regards to their committed sins.

The second section of the book presents Amos’ prophesies regarding the future of Israel. Chapters 3 to 5 make up the second section of the book and they explain the different oracles against Israel as per the vision of Amos. Chapter 3 explains the judgment to be provided on the chosen people of Israel. Specifically, this chapter elucidates on the God’s punishment on these people if they did not adhere to his teachings. In addition to this, chapter 3 also vindicates the announcements and the punishments that the Israelites will receive for the sins committed respectively (Rendsburg, 1994). The chapter explains the various ways through which they shall receive punishment if they do not repent their sins and ask God for forgiveness. Chapter 4 elucidates on the judgment to be provided on those individuals who are unrepentant of their sins. Specifically, this chapter explains how God will judge the socialites, those who have falsified religious living, as well as, those whose sins have hardened them to the point where they do not recognize their own sins. As the chapter also explains, past calamities that the Israelites were unfortunate to undergo did not encourage repentance, and for that reason, God shall induce more calamities so as to compel Israelites to repentance hence deliverance. However, in this chapter, Amos is quick to explain that there will be no hope for the hardened souls owing to their inability to recognize their own wrongdoing. Chapter 5, the last chapter of the second section of the book examines God’s judgment on the unjust populations. In this chapter, Amos laments about the death of the unjust Israelites who chose to live their lives with complete disregard for the word of God. He explains how these individuals will be indicted for their injustice and for that reason be unable to live their lives as they would expect. In essence, the key message that Amos intends to pass in this chapter is that sinners who are prosperous during their lives on earth will experience grief that will come as a result of their inability to repent their sins (Rendsburg, 1994). Accordingly, Amos calls for the repentance of sins by this group of people in the chapter.

Chapter 6 is the key component in the third section of the book of Amos and this chapter provides various announcements of exile for the Israelites. The chapter consists of three main messages and announcements including the messages on the perversion of religion, complacent pride by the Israelites, as well as, pride and injustice. As Amos explains in this chapter, individuals who pompously embrace these attitudes and characters will receive immediate judgment and punishment from God, and for that reason, he encourages such individuals to repent their sins before they come face to face with their doom. This is the smallest section of the book of Amos that is intended to act as the prophesy of Amos to the Israelites. The messages passed in this section of the book aim at encouraging Israelites and other Christians to change their ways and embrace the religious life as demanded by God.

The fourth section of the book of Amos presents Amos’ prophetic visions with regards to divine reckoning on the Israelites. This section consists of chapters 7 and 8, as well as, the beginning of chapter 9. Chapter 7 provides different visions related to God’s judgment on the people of Israel. Visions relented to judgment as provided in this chapter include Amos’ vision on the swarm of locusts, as well as, as the consuming fire that had the power to sweep out the entire population of Israel (Rendsburg, 1994). These two visions explain God’s anger towards the people of Israel, and for that reason, they explain the degree of his wrath if the Israelites were unwilling to repent their sins. The second vision that is seen as having no direct relation to the judgment of Israel is the vision of the plumb line, which indirectly draws attention to the various ways in which the Israelites have lost their sense of religious direction. Other visions in the chapter also include the vision of the basket of ripe fruit, as well as, the vision of the lord by the altar. In essence, the visions presented in section four of the book of Amos cement his prophetic skills and abilities and they provide readers with a feel of what is expected to happen if they do not repent their sins as expected by God.

The fifth and last section of the book of Amos carries the theme of restoration, and speaks of a time when Israel will be restored to their promised land. Chapter 9 is the sole component of this section and is explains how the house of David will be revived from the sins committed by the Israelites at the end of time. As explained in this section of the book, Israel will receive its restoration only after they have repented their sins, and those Israelites who do not, received their rightful punishments for the sins committed (Rendsburg, 1994).

Date and Place

Researchers and religious academicians hold the firm belief that the book of Amos was written between750 and 760 BC (Maeir, 2004). This is because of the narrative presented in the book that represent some of the real live events that took place in Israel during the time. Accordingly, the storyline of the book of Amos is assumed to have bordered the period between the reign of both King David and Solomon, and for that reason religious scholars link this to the writing of the book. Researchers and religious academicians have noted that Amos, who is also the author of the book performed his duty as a prophet and preacher some years before the well-famed earthquake that rocked Israel, owing to the references provided in the book. This then, provides a timeline between the actual prophesy and preaching by Amos and the writing of the book, which are said to have occurred at the same period of time.

As researchers explain, the time during which the book was written can also be estimated through a closer examination of some of the chapters in the book. For example, chapter 1 and two highlight the various sins that various nations, including Judah and Israel, had performed during the time. Specifically, the first verse of the book speaks of the reigns of Uzziah over Judah and Jeroboam over Israel, which are said to have occurred during 740-792 BC and 753-793 BC (Maeir, 2004). This, therefore, confirms that the prophesies and writings of the book of Amos are more likely to have taken place between 740-760 BC (Maeir, 2004). This period also saw the increase of the practice of idolatry, immorality, corruption, injustice and the oppression of the poor, thus linking the period between the plot of the book of Amos and the actual time the book was written.

In relation to the place where the book was written, researchers and religious academicians argue out that the book of Amos was written in Tekoa. Tekoa was Amos’ home of origin, and researchers explain that he wrote his scriptures after returning home from preaching to the Northern Kingdom (Maeir, 2004). Amos had been called by God to deliver his prophesy to the Israelites, and just like all other prophets, he left his home to prophecy to the different regions and people that God intended him to deliver his message to. As he could not write the book during the time when he was delivering the actual prophesy, researchers assume that the only time when Amos would have been able to record his prophesies, was immediately after his return from duty. However, other researchers believe that the book was written in the northern region during his call of duty. The argument here is that Amos did not write the book by himself and for that reason, the disciples who accompanied him during his prophetic mission wrote the book of Amos, as he continued to preach to the various communities and regions in the northern region (Maeir, 2004). Because of the differing perceptions regarding the actual location of Tekoa, researchers have been unable to come up with the correct geographical location of where the book of Amos was actually written.

Authorship

Named after the prophet Amos, the book of Amos is believed to have been written by Amos himself, but researchers and religious academicians have long debated on the actual author of the book. There are three main theories regarding the authorship of the book of Amos including, Amos as the actual author, the disciples of Amos as the authors, and a member of the northern Audience as the author of the book. All researchers and religious academicians have come out to defend their perceptions of the authorship of the book of Amos, with each providing evidence as to who they believe a particular person or particular people were the authors of the book. Those who claim that Amos was the author of this scripture explain that he was the first “minor prophet” to have taken the initiative of writing down the his teachings and prophesies. As observed in the book of Amos, there are various verses where Amos speaks of himself as a person and as a prophet. He explains that he is not a professional prophet, and for that reason, did not believe that he belonged to any group of prophets; instead, he considered himself as a shepherd of God who was out to spread the word of God (Maeir, 2004). Researchers argue that only Amos could tell of his background and his call to prophecy, meaning that he was the only viable author of the book of Amos, as other people did not know him or where he came from. Other researchers argue that the book of Amos was written by his disciples, whereas other believe that the book was written by one of his keen audience members during the time when he went out to spread the word of God as instructed by God. However, there is no substantial evidence to support this beliefs, and for that reason, theologians have drawn to the conclusion that Amos was the sole author of The Book of Amos, disregarding the perception that other his disciples and listeners may have taken part in the writing of the book.

Historical/Cultural Backdrop

As previously mentioned, the chronicles presented in the book of Amos represent some of the actual events that were taking place in Judah and Israel during the time. These representations, therefore, provide a historical and cultural background for the book of Amos, which helps readers understand the message being brought out in the scripture. The historical and cultural background of the book of Amos can be traced back to the rule of Kings David and Solomon. Both these leaders were identified as two of the greatest leaders of Israel as they led their nation into growth and prosperity. However, after the death of these two kings, the kingdom of Israel was split into two, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah (Rendsburg, 1994). The teachings in the book of Amos were based on the events that took place after the split of these two nations, as the kings who took over these kingdoms did not lead their states in accordance with religious laws. The constantly fought with each other and the cities were conquered and re-conquered over time, thus diminishing the cultural and religious ways of life for Christians during the time. The book of Amos, therefore examines this religious and cultural disillusion and is aimed at bringing Christians back to their religious lives so as to avoid the wrath of God.

Scholarly Interpretations of the Meaning/Themes in the Book of Amos

Scholarly articles in the book of Amos have identified three main themes in the book of Amos including, social justice/injustice, repentance, as well as, divine judgment and power (Rendsburg, 1994). As most researchers and religious academicians explain, the book of Amos examines the various social injustices that Christians have voluntarily and involuntarily engaged in during their time of living. By doing so, scholars also argue that the book of Amos explains why each of the highlighted social injustice is considered a sin in the eyes of God. This, therefore, helps the readers understand what God considered as wrongdoing, as well as, the sins that he intends to punish people for committing during their lives. The theme of repentance has been highlighted in the way through which Amos urges Christians and other religious believers to repent their sins and go back to the lord (Rendsburg, 1994). As researchers interpret this, it is only through repentance that Christians be delivered from evil and their lives restored. The last theme as identified by scholars is the theme of divine judgment and power. Researchers and other religious academicians explain that this theme has been used to inform the readers on the power of God the almighty. As they explain, God is the Supreme Being, and for that reason has the power to judge and punish individuals for the sins they have committed.

Personal Reflection on the Book of Amos

Though considered one of the minor prophetic books in the Bible, the book of Amos, provides a great contribution to the Christian life and religious ways as demanded by God. The message communicated in this book is applicable to the modern society, especially since the society today is characterized by oppression of the poor and false Christian living. Today’s society is ruled by the rich and elite, and for that reason, the poor have always been sidelined, as they cannot afford to live a rich and luxurious life like their rich counterparts. Individuals today place so much emphasis on the need for material wealth that they have become too arrogant and ignorant of the poor in society. The poor are slowly and continually being oppressed in almost all parts of the world and the readings in the book of Amos assist helping its readers in understanding the sin associated with oppressing the poor and how God will pass judgment and punishment on this. Additionally, the book of Amos is well suited for this period in time when individuals have forsaken God and are indulging in false Christian living, which is against the command of God. In conclusion, the book of Amos provides a good guideline for Christians today as it explains the different sins that are being committed by Christians today, as well as, the punishment that Christians should expect if they do not repent their sins.

References

Maeir, A. M. (2004). The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological

Perspective from Tell eṣ-Ṣâfī/Gath. Vetus Testamentum,54(3): 319-334.

Rendsburg, G. A. (1994). Review of Shalom M. Paul ‘Amos: A Commentary on the Book of

Amos. AJS Review, 19(1): 244-247.

Conflict Resolution and management

Conflict Resolution and management

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Conflict Resolution and management

Introduction

In order for relationships to be healthy, conflict has to arise at some point. In reality, people will never agree on the same issues all the time. It is vital that people learn not to avoid conflict, but rather deal and control it. Mismanagement of conflict will affect relationships in a negative manner. When people do not seem to agree on an issue, and they draw away from each other, this is a conflict situation. Most times, people may disagree over work related matters, and it affects their relationship. For example, while working at on a project, I disagreed with my partner concerning the research methods to be used. The opinions presented by my partner were different from mine and thus the cause for conflict. I was unhappy, and stressed out about the matter; thus I choose to keep away from my partner. On the other hand, I wanted us to come to a mutual agreement concerning the research method we would use. Later on, after consultation and finding a common ground, the conflict was solved. Each of us wanted their opinion to be accepted at the expense of the other. I wanted to use a Qualitative method of obtaining Data, while my partner chose to use a quantitative method. I believe that my method is far superior to the other one, which was presented. We all wanted this situation to be solved by finding the suitable research method for our project.

It is clear that we needed to find the true source of the argument that we were had. The problem is that everyone believes that their view is more superior to the other. We need to know that, in the professional world, people should not allow personal issues to affect their work performance. After talking with my partner, I found out that she held a grudge against me. The matter is not related to work, and it took place during our time away from work. We talked about the issue and concluded that the matter was personal and should not affect our work. Furthermore, we brainstormed about various research methods until we found one. The reason why the conflict was solved is due to putting our personal differences aside. The only conflict that was not solved is the personal issue, as it takes a lot of effort. Moreover, we believe that our work is vital as compared to other conflicts that affect relationships.

The success of the project was achieved because, at work, excuses and unsatisfactory work is not accepted. We had to listen to the each other’s view points as this work was a collaboration. The expectations we set were to come up with an award winning project, for our career improvement. Each of us is aware of the fact that our success is only achievable if we solve the conflict at hand. Thus, I believe that the ideal expectations of this agreement materialized.

In conclusion, I learnt that relationships can be harmed due to conflict. Conflicts should be handled in a manner that is positive and respectful. In turn, the two people will form a bond, which will encourage growth. In this case, we changed our attitudes, in order to work and to achieve success. I was extremely tolerant while talking to my partner, as the tone I used was low. Indeed, disagreements should not be the reason why people cannot make progress in their lives.

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Island in the Sun

Island in the Sun

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Island in the Sun

Set in the Caribbean island of Santa Marta, ‘Island in the Sun’ is an intriguing film showing the lives of the island’s residents. The island’s [population is made up of black majority, but the minority white still makes up the leadership of the island. The main economic activity of the island is sugarcane and banana farming in vast plantations. The film concentrates on the social, economic and political landscape of Santa Marta in 1957. Unlike in the Americas, the white and black people mingled freely. There were no segregationist policies, and the people were free to interact with each other. ‘Island in the Sun’ shows the relationship between the blacks and whites in Santa Marta, including romances, scandals and politics.

The film begins with the governor of the island inviting residents to a party at his mansion, both black and coloured. Maxwell Fleury, played by James Mason, is one of the main characters. He suspects that his wife Sylvia (Patricia Owens) might be having an affair with another man. Throughout the movie, Maxwell has several fits of anger due to his jealousy over his wife. Also In attendance at the governor’s party is David Boyeur, a black man played by Harry Belafonte. Boyeur is the leader of the black population of the island; therefore, he occupies a central position in the political affairs of the island. The governor pays particular attention to him. The white population sees Belafonte as a threat to the white ruling class of Santa Marta. Boyeur dared Margot Seaton, played by Dorothy Dandridge, to attend the party with him, and she went to take him up on his dare. At the party, she meets the governor’s aide, Denis Archer, who falls in love with her immediately. Their romance, and several others, blossom and take centre stage in the film.

Romance and scandal go hand in hand, and this is evident in ‘Island in the Sun.’ Maxwell suspicions of his wife’s affair with a man named Hilary Carlson. Things come to a head when Maxwell strangles Carlson to death due to jealousy. Maxwell is also jealous of his younger sister Jocelyn who is in love with Euan Templeton, a visitor to the island. As the film progresses, Maxwell grows increasingly agitated over his wife, sister, parents and his political ambitions. Eaten away by the guilt of Carlson’s murder, he takes a gun likely to try and kill himself. However, he does not and instead confesses to his crime. Jocelyn finds out that she is pregnant by Templeton who wants to marry her. Boyeur similarly is the interest of Mavis Norma. Norman, played by Joan Fontaine, is from the elite white class of the island. Boyeur is unable to reconcile their differences in race and class, and he breaks off the affair. He chose his people over his love.

Politics also takes up a significant part of the film. Santa Marta had a majority black population, yet the whites made up the leadership of the island. To challenge the status quo, David Boyeur emerges as a strong contender for the coming election. Boyeur came from humble beginnings working in a white man’s kitchen. Throughout the film, Boyeur appears to have an inferiority complex, refusing to believe that the white and black people are treated equally. Running for office is his way of fighting for equality. During a political rally pitting Maxwell Fleury and Belafonte against each other, Boyeur challenges Maxwell’s intentions’ claiming that Maxwell simply hates his fellow white men and his political ambitions are a way to show his superiority. Maxwell’s temper once again flares when the crowd jeers and he leaves in a huff. Boyeur represents the oppressed black men eager for a place in the political leadership of the island.

At the end of the film, Maxwell admits to killing Carlson and will likely be jailed on a manslaughter charge. Jocelyn and Euan leave for England. Margot and Denis also leave the country to start a new life in a different country. The relationship between the whites and coloureds in ‘Island in the Sun’ is an interesting one. They are free to mingle socially. The black people work mainly in sugar and banana plantations. However, there are some underlying issues of fear and mistrust among the two races. Belafonte says that the whites still treat the blacks as though they were still slaves. The break-up between Mavis and Boyeur gives a deep insight into the complicated relationship between the two races. Boyeur tells Mavis, “Because it would be inevitable……that night that you forget yourself and call me a nigger.” This statement shows that the black people still feel that the whites view them as inferior. Mavis retorts, telling Boyeur that he wanted to be powerful, but hid under his people.

‘Island in the Sun’ shows the complex relationships of race, politics and romance between the residents of Santa Marta. While the white and people of colour appear equal, there were still deep undercurrents of inferiority, fear and prejudice. However, the relationship between whites and blacks differs from that in other parts of the world, such as America. In these other regions, blacks and whites could not interact or have a romantic relationship, and any crossing of racial lines could be punished by death. Boyeur is unable to overcome his innate beliefs that the black people would not approve of his relationship with Mavis because she is white. Margot and Denis defeat stereotypes and leave Santa Marta for a new life. Other than race, the movie depicts everyday human struggles on a personal level in love, family and society.

Works Cited

‘Island in the Sun’ [Video File] YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYPD1twzYmM

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Joe Bidden

Joe Bidden

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Joe Bidden

Joe Bidden, the former vice president has some strong views on various topics that affect our nation. This paper looks at his various takes on the policies. On immigration, Biden believes that the immigration is a thin line between upholding human rights and dealing with illegal immigration. He believes US should welcome immigrants although they need to go through the right channels to be approved. On impeachment, he believes that a president should be impeached on grounds of gross misconduct and is among those supporting pursuance of president’s trump impeachment. On gun control, he holds the belief that there should be background checks for people who need to possess gun and a ban should be implemented on assault weapons. On criminal justice, he believes that the justice needs to be fair. On his justice reform plan, he wants to reduce incarceration and shift the spending from incarceration to social support to those who risk committing crimes.

On prescription drugs, he believes drugs should be affordable, he has proposed policies that would help reduce the drug prices. On health care, he supports Obamacare and to build on it by adding a public option thus ensuring healthcare cost is affordable to everyone. On education, he believes that sex education needs to be included in the curriculum, possess use of student vouchers whose aim is sponsoring kids to private schools and believes on constitutional right to voluntarily participate in prayers in school. He believes everyone has a right to get quality education. On the Iraq issue, bidden stand has always been shaky. In 2002, he voted in favor of invading Iraq and also supported president Obama on Iraq invasion. Recently however he stated that he opposed the war as soon as it started. On Afghanistan, he also supported the invasion of Afghanistan as a full-scale nation building. However, when he saw this was not working, he suggested the troops needed to overpower al-Qaeda and leave

On racism, Joe Bidden has always believed that everyone in America is equal and should be treated as such without discrimination for their skin color or religion. On China he has been in support of several agreements including Trans Pacific Partnership. He has also held so many private meetings with Xi Jinping the China president. In 2019, 4th June, he voiced out concern of how China was oppressing its people. On Climate change, he has always been pro friendly environmental policies. He was among the first people to introduce climate change bill to congress. June 4th 2019, he unveiled a climate policy plan aimed at getting the US to try and reduce its emissions because of global warming. He also plans to re-enter Paris agreement when he wins as president. Setbacks includes constant link of his policies to those of his predecessors including Obama and Bush. Recently during a debate, he seemed to have confused Afghanistan and Iran an indication he did not know much on Afghanistan US invasion

Booker Corey

Booker has strongly opposed immigration issue and in his plan on immigration he plans to eliminate immigration detentions virtually. This plan would however not include people who may fail to appear for a court date and those immigrants who may be a risk to public safety. On impeachment, he is among the senators who supports to look into president’s Trump gross misconduct as per the constitution. On gun control he believes more stringent measures need to be taken including licensing to buy or own a gun. On criminal justice, he has proposed a bill referred to as Next Step Act which would slash mandatory minimum sentences for offenses that are non-violent. Bill would also eliminate the discrepancy that exist between cocaine and crack sentences as often individual from minority groups ae often disproportionately sentenced for crack and cocaine crimes. Booker has often been accused to be too close to pharmaceutical companies, he however believes that prescription drugs should be lowered to make them affordable

On Health care, he supports the Affordable Care Act which will ensure the healthcare system is affordable to all Americans. He also believes Medicaid should be available to the vulnerable citizens. On education, he believes that every child deserves an opportunity to go to school and thus supports universal access to preschool education. He recognizes foster and homeless youth may need support in school and in 2016 he proposed amendment to a bill that was passed that would ensure the vulnerable kids would get help. On Iraq, Booker signed asking Iran to accept the intrusive clear inspection. This was to ensure Iran does not develop nuclear weapons capability. He believes He supports the scaling down of the US government on Afghanistan and terms it as unnecessary. He is against the war as Americans taxpayer’s money is spent on war.

Booker believes that all Americans should be treated equally, he however recognized that America is still unequal. Some ideas he proposes to ensure equality is achieved is the baby bond program that would give money to kids on the basis of their household income. This translates to the fact that black and brown kids are likely to benefit more than white ones. On China, Booker does not support US relation with china and has referred to it as totalitarian regime that needed to be eliminated as it takes advantages of other nations. On climate control, Booker believes actions needs to be taken to address climate change. He has proposed transition to clean energy which includes investing in carbon free electricity. He has proposed reestablishment of Civilian Conservation Corps as part of his Green New Deal. His setbacks include his inability to raise funds for his campaign.

Buttigieg Pete

He supports the Deffered Action for Childhood Arrivals and has been the biggest critique of the Obama administration for separating the children from their parents and sending of American troops to southern border. On impeachment, he has been the among those who have agreed on impeachment hearings to determine if the president misused his powers. He has however pointed out that the impeachment may not be successful and the best way to beat trump is by the ballot. On gun control, he has proposed background checks on people who would want to buy guns and proposes ways that would see an end to violent extremism. On criminal justice, he has supported abolition of death party and advocated for restoration of voting rights to former felons. He has also advocated the revising of sentences such as minor drug related offenses. August 23rd 2019, he advocated decriminalization of drug possession but selling should remain illegal.

On prescription drugs, he promised to lower drug prices making it affordable for all. On healthcare, he has advocated the use of single-payer healthcare system which would see healthcare being financed by taxes to cover essential healthcare cost making healthcare affordable. On education, he has advocated making college affordable in order to reduce student debts. He has proposed free college for low and middle income students, but children from rich families need to pay tuition. He has also supported charter schools but he believes they should not replace public schools. On Iran, he has pledged to rejoin the Iranian nuclear deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action). Buttigieg has advocated against military intervention in Middle East and plans to increase funding for intelligence community. On Afghanistan, he has justified invasion after the 9/11 attacks. He has however supported withdrawing of the troops but America should still maintain military intelligence.

On racism, he has advocated for equal treatment of all Americans and plans to address the systemic racism. He has often received less support especially from black community due to lack of diversity in South Bend. On China, he has attacked Trump over his trade war with China. In his debate he voiced his concern on how China is using their technology for dictatorship. Climate plan is among the big policies Buttigieg wants to address. He has advocated for use of clean energy, investing in disaster relief and prevention. He believes US needs to be on the forefront of fighting for climate change and needs to double on clean electricity and zero emissions during generation of electricity. He has also promised to restore Paris Climate Change agreement. His major setback that he has talked of includes the struggle he had coming out as gay. He has also been criticized for lack of diversity and inclusivity in South Bend where he was a mayor

Castor Julian

On Immigration, Castro’s plan is to enable already undocumented immigrants in America to get citizenship. This would create a pathway for children brought in at very young age. He also pledged to increase refugee admissions and reunify families that have been separated at the border. He plans to decriminalize illegal border crossing so that they can attract civil penalty and not criminal penalty. On impeachment, he has supported the proceedings to try and establish if president Trump acted on gross misconduct or abused the office. On gun control, he has suggested background checks including barring someone with a history of domestic violence or mental health being sold to a gun. He has also proposed ban of assault weapons. On Criminal justice, he has proposed The First Chance Plan aimed at looking at connection between crime and its prevention. In doing this he purposes to address factors such as pre-K and college education, foster care and job training especially among people of color.

Castro supports the federal government in negotiating drug prices for Medicare. On Healthcare, Castro proposes Medicare for all as everyone is allowed to access quality healthcare. He also supports private medical insurance for those who may want it. The government will also tax the rich in order to obtain the funding for Medicare for All. On education, he has pledged to focus on pre-k programs and funding so that they can start early the education programs. He has also proposed increase of teacher’s salary based on number of students they teach in school as well as a proposal to improve school infrastructure. He has also proposed elimination of tuition fees in public universities and colleges and reforms to reduce student debts. On Iraq, he has not really been vocal about the issue but invasion but while on NBC news he indicated that there needs to be a solid plan for troops withdrawal. He also has the same sentiments on Afghanistan invasion

On racism, Castro has advocated against the treatment of people of color unequally in the US and how despite years the system still seems to discriminate against minorities things he plans to address. On China, he has expressed his worries especially how China is using its powers to silence critics of the regime. He has proposed cutting off funding used to finance the Chinese telecommunication equipment. On climate change, he released People and Planet first a plan that aims for power to be carbon neutral and vehicles to be zero emissions in order to reduce carbon emissions. He has pledged to stop fossil extraction in public lands and to also end fossil fuel subsidies and has stated to go back to the Paris climate change agreement. Major setback he has received is criticism concerning how he handled sale of mortgages during his tenure at the Housing and Urban Development. He was accused of selling too many mortgages to Wall Street without enough oversight

Gabbard Tulsi

Gabbard advocates for legislation that aims to protect children from deportation as DACA comes to an end. She disagrees with Trumps use of detention centers and separation of the children from their families. On impeachment, she strongly supports the proceeding that will determine if president trump abused his office. On gun control, she has advocated for sensible gun control including ban on military style weapons and closing of the gun-show loopholes that allows people who have no business having guns getting one. On criminal justice, she has proposed reforms that would ensure crime rates are lower. He has denounced how most drug wars are based on incarceration rather than rehabilitation which she plans to change. She has voiced her concern on need to also lower recidivism rates as most people lack the support they need to transition after incarceration.

In her Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation act, her aim is to curb skyrocketing prescription drugs. On health care, she has promised to ensure all Americans have access to quality healthcare to all Americans. She is the strongest supporter of Affordable Care Act and Medicare and Medicaid. On education, she has proposed free tuition in public colleges and university. Families who made $125,000 or less in a year are the ones eligible for free tuition in colleges and universities. Tulsi has promised the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and Iraq. She was once a solder and had deployed to Iraq twice. She believes the war the American is fighting in middle east is not worth it and is a waste of the taxpayer’s money.

Gabbard has been very vocal on her stand against racism as she believes that all Americans needed to be treated equally. She has constantly pointed out some of president Trumps tweet citing them as racist and are causing divineness among the Americans. She plans to address the systemic racism that seem to disadvantage people of color. Regarding China, she has called for the end of the destructive war between the United states and China especially on tariff war that president Trump as put in place stating it is Affecting trade in America. She cited how farmers had been affected as they could not directly trade with China. On climate control, she has the OFF Act that advocates for transition from fossil fuel to more clean energy that are more efficient. A setback she has encountered is the accusation that she has been a Russian operative. She has also constantly accused the democratic Party of being rigged and at one point she wanted to boycott the Democratic party presidential aspirant debates.

Harris Kamala

Senator kamala knows that the country is a state of immigrants and views the issue of immigration as a need for the country to enact comprehensive reforms to inclusion of immigrants. She famously disagreed on deportation of immigrants in the Obama administration. The issue of impeachment of president trump according to senator Kamala shouldn’t be a long process as she claims that he (Trump) had already confessed to the pressuring of Ukrainian government. On the issue of gun control Senator Kamala feels that the congress has acted enough due to lack of courage although that’s why they were elected. She suggests the executive control action on the gun control. She has a sweeping plan that overhauls the criminal justice that aims at making big play reforms pushing to make the system less punitive which aligns with the new progressive movement.

Senator kamala unveiled her plans to ensure prescribed drugs prices were lowered. Through having the federal government intervene by setting fair prices to address the soaring costs of prescribed drugs with measures of losing patents if the companies do not revisit their prices. Her plan for good healthcare ideas involve the maintaining of Medicare advantage and having an objective to ending employer-based insurances and private coverages in Obamacare. She plans to ensure access of high quality public education with free tuition at four public colleges, she seeks to reduce the student loan debt through reduction of interests and boost the teachers’ pay. Similarly, with other eight candidates’ senator kamala on the Iraq issue has a stand on bringing back deployed troops in the middle east. With support of the Israeli’s security and right to defense. She believes it’s time to end the and develop a solution for Afghanistan. the development of a political solution would end the war and allow troops to return home.

As a popular black woman with inspiring story she describes her racism electability to be the giant in the room. The trump-china trade policy according to kamala has harmed the economy, she however supports the goals but advocates for a change of approach. Kamala compares the history of climate and promises to help find a solution to the crisis with her plan to slash greenhouse gas emissions that would avert the world’s worst impacts of climate change. Her view of setbacks involves the changes that are experienced over time and the views evolve politically over time and now the intense reckoning of law failures that are major setbacks.

Klobuchar Amy

Klobuchar Amy believes that in control of the borders their needs to be a set system to maintain the order of immigrants moving into the country. she believes there is a need to have adequate order on border controls and patrols, the wall development and declaration of no amnesty for organizations hiring of illegal immigrants without documentation. She has been calling for the impeachments for months and she is convicted that it is her constitutional duty to check and balance activities associated with the presidency, that’s why she was elected. She wants the provision of impeachment in the constitutions through her arguments. With gun violence cutting short many families and tearing them, according to her by commonsense the gun laws have much support and on every proposal, she has to verify if the consequences would hurt the citizens. She, therefore, believes that gun laws are long overdue. Even if the congress lacks the plan to reform the criminal justice system she has some plans that will ensure administration of fair justice to keep the communities safe in her first step Act. Klobuchar Amy will push to prevent the unfair prescription drug hiking prices through the introduction of legislative intervention to prevent hiking of prices for prescription drugs. This would include the ordering of drugs from other countries such as Canada through personal importation.

Amy has always supported universal and comprehensive health care for all Americans that is single-payer and believes the best way to achieve this is through the involvement and allowing of a public option that seems to expand Medicaid and Medicare. On the education issues, Amy shows the mandate of funding to be that no child is left out on education with clear accountability in education in a way that provides local schools with expanded childhood mandates. Helping students afford college fees. Amy believes that the Iraq which devolved into civil war should be left to run its own country with her advocating for no votes for Iraq war. She views the foreign policy on Afghanistan as it is not a game show as they are terrorists. She is open to keeping the military in that country but she believes that it is time for the troops to come home after two decades fighting the war in Afghanistan.

She is against racists attacks and as emphasized in her campaigns she will run a moderate administration as she speaks of the importance of fighting racism and white supremacy.in the response to efforts by China to buy tech companies in the US, Amy was involved in the developing and broadening the ability of the federal government to prevent foreign purchases of US firms. Amy believes in science in the side of climate change and by restoring Obama policy eras to tackle climate change moderately. She, however, faces setbacks as she is not widely knowing and early polls place her not near the lead, competition has from other democrats may not allow her to be taken seriously.

O’rourke Beto

O’rourke has been a critic of how Trump has handled the illegal immigrants. He purposes to stop inhumane treatment of the children as well as their separation from their parents. He also proposes strong legislation that will allow legal immigration and naturalization process. On impeachment, O’Rourke has asked the democrats to go big on the impeachment as Trump misused his powers and if there is enough evidence on gross misconduct then he needs to be impeached. On prescribed drugs, he plans to reduce use of opioids and to make drugs more affordable On gun control, he has suggested universal background checks on everyone that may want to buy a gun as well as the limit on sale of AR-15s which are semi-automatic and automatic weapons. On the criminal justice system, he has proposed to end mass incarceration by providing alternatives to jail times. He has also proposed banning of private prisons and restoration of the right to vote for former incarcerated individuals.

On health care, he supports universal healthcare where American s will have access to affordable health coverage. He has proposed use of single-payer Medicare for all as a program that will ensure all Americans get the medical care they need. On education, he has proposed more investment in public education in order to ensure more Americans are well educated. He also supports helping parents to fund their children to private school using the public money and hiring of more pre-school and science teachers. He has also proposed inclusion of sex-ed to school curriculum. On Iraq, he has proposed withdrawal of troops. He proposes that the war tax that has been channeled to wars in Iraq and Afghanistan should be used to help the war veterans who return back home and seem to be forgotten. O’Rouke believes sending troops to the middle east is more likely to provoke another war in America.

O’Rouke has advocated for treatment of all Americans equally despite their skin color or religious affiliation. He talked of communities that have become vulnerable because of race and class discrimination affected by climate disasters. In his campaign he did not talk much on systemic racism or how to address it. On China, O’rourke believes he is capable of ending trade war by eliminating the tariffs that have been put in place by the Trump administration. He also pledged to launch a case against China to WTO cutting how china has failed to live to the expectation and commitments that were put in place while it was joining WTO. On climate change, he proposed to create standards that were legal and enforceable ensuring that US achieves zero emissions by 2050. On climate, he voiced concerns on how climate disasters such as hurricanes and storms have ravaged Latino and black neighborhoods and oil companies were responsible for the change. Setbacks he has encountered include criticism over his strong stance on AR-15 riffles. He has also been criticized for lack of a clear policy on what he would love to do after winning his president. These setbacks may have contributed to him backing out of the presidential campaign.

Bernie Sanders

Bernie Sanders believes that immigration in America is harmful and should be banned; he advocates for immigration reforms to protect the legal status of undocumented people in America. He believes that racism is wrong and proposed a recline on Muslim ban proposed by the current president of America. Gun control is essential to reduce the violence by taking extra measures and expand the background checks to reduce the gun show loopholes. He supports impeachment of Trump, where he claims that he is probably the most corrupt president in the modern history of America. Bernie Sanders does not support the criminal justice system in America criticizing the mass incarceration and proposed long prison sentences, improving police oversight and legalization of marijuana. Bernie Sanders believes that the drug prescription in America saying that the American pharmaceuticals are greedy; he proposed a bill in slashing prescription drug costs and allowing negotiation.

He does not support the current education system indicating that the system is expensive and only considers few individuals, claiming that everyone is entitled to quality and affordable education in all stages from lower to higher stages and therefore suggested for free college education in America. He voted against Iraq joint resolution authorizing use of force against Iraq, saying it might cause a counter-insurgency, he proposed economic sanctions. Bernie Sanders voted against trading with China since it is the world’s largest economy, which might lead to American citizens struggling for low wage rate and benefit only the large private corporations. He believes that the single-payer healthcare system is undesirable and proposed for a single government-run plan to provide insurance coverage to all Americans. Bernie Sanders voted in favor of sending American troops to Afghanistan in a symbolic debate to retroactively support America. He believes that birth control would control the climatic changes in America by educating and empowering women to curb the population. Bernie Sanders believes that his age and heart condition should not be an issue, and people should not use it for his setbacks on the presidency.

Steyer Tom

Steyer Tom supports the impeachment proceedings against President Trump and spent millions on building a case against the president. He believes that gun control in America is essential to reduce the issue of gun violence by calling for background checks, enacting laws and banning the assault weapons. According to Steyer Immigration is unjust and broken since it hurts all of us. Therefore, it should be fought and reduce deportation to protect human rights. Steyer Tom believes that climate change should be proclaimed as a state emergency, and he proposed the use of power to putting up regulations and requirements on addressing the problems. He believes that the American criminal justice system perpetuates mass incarceration and built upon racism where the powerless are unable to defend themselves in court of law, he suggests for reforms to reflect the rule of law for all. Tom believes that education is essential and that every student is entitled to quality education.

Steyer supports trading with Chinese by showing their tax records on earnings and proposed for a tax release forms when filing for taxes. Steyer Tom suggests withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan by the end of the year. On issues about Iraq he suggests an immediate and quick action by launching a nuclear war on Iraq and taking a real course of correction. Steyer believes that Insurance coverage for all citizens is an unrealistic plan, and it is impossible to pay for Medicare for all middle-class citizens without increasing taxes. He believes that drug prescription costs should be increased since the policies and laws in drug prescription have lensed therefore increasing addiction and curbing power to corporate interests. He suggests that his billionaire status should not be used as a setback to disqualify him from presidential nomination. Moreover, it should be taken as an advantage for his exposure in business environment.

Yang Andrew

The complex issue of Immigration is addressed in Andrew’s Dream Act policies whereby he views immigrants as the source of hard work and innovation in America, even though there is need to control their entry into the country with making temporal permissions to address un documentations. He views impeachment as a process that could backfire and the downside of this process being the trapping of the country in the impeachment process stalling development and other important functions. He emotionally discusses the gun control issue noting that they ought to address all instances involved in gun violence and their causes as domestic and physical violence are more likely to be deadly. He supports the federal government policies that would take away one’s gun in case of proof that there is a risk of violence ‘Red flag’. He supports a voluntary buyback program. Yang views the criminal justice system as badly informed and needs to be reformed as it is particularly punitive towards the blacks and other minorities. Yang views the cost of prescription drugs to be high as the prices change at the urge of those running the firms thus the need for price control by government and holding of the companies accountable as at times they aggressively market drugs to uses beyond their original purpose.

Andrew yang has policies governing single-payer healthcare that values access to quality healthcare is one of the most important factors of one’s well-being, his health policy is comprehensive. Yang’s education ideas and plans are the incorporations of the links between costs and administrations although it lacks the for-profit colleges. His views on the overseas and Iraq deployments call for the country to keep the troops deployed argues that allies in nations as Iraq and Afghanistan needs the support of America thus withdrawal of troops from the countries would be a big mistake that could only make issues and the current situation worse. The current administration has launched all-out offensive trade against China to pressure Beijing into changing intellectual property practices. The racism conversations are not new in politics, however, yang intends on discussing these issues beyond black and white as he challenges the consideration of the experiences of Asian communities which is the fastest-growing ethnic group. Yang’s policies on climate have plans and strategy policies to control anthropogenic climate change and his administration would place the climate issues as a top priority of the federal government with 4.87 trillion policies to address climate. For the setbacks in the state, Yang has viewed them as a crisis with solution-driven policies for the opioid crisis and gun control crisis. He writes of the setbacks developed by his background and farm failures history of his immigrant family.

Senator Warren Elizabeth

On immigration issues, warren Elizabeth provides views and proposals that the crossing of borders without papers and legal authorizations should not be criminalized showing her support for decriminalizing immigration thus creating the protection for immigrants. She believes that in the case of impeachment they would focus on enquiries that would include potential justice obstructions and corruptions to cover up issues. Warren is essential in support of those in gun control advocates as she introduces her sweeping gun control plan that would see a reduction of gun violence through enacting new restrictions on gun buyers. Her reform plan for the criminal justice system was highlighted with the plan to make the system less punitive while emphasizing on other ways to check crime and improve public safety. To lower the prices of prescription drugs and fix the market prices Warren suggests that the federal government ought to start manufacturing these drugs. Her idea of improving healthcare in which she has a plan to fund Medicare for all, a policy that aims to drive away private medical insurance that is expensive.

Warren has a set of wide-ranging education plan whereby she intends to increase the school budget and allow adaptation of progressive school funding formulas to allocate more money to students in districts with high poverty she is also seen to call for free college tuition. Her views on the war on Iraq are considered to have evolved whereby she embraced having Iraq as an ally and opposing US contingent making aid to prohibit Israel. She is in the view of filling the diplomatic vacuum in Afghanistan and the development of a strategy to an end to the 16-year-old conflict. Warren says she thinks to be part of the conversation as she supports reparations for blacks. The lack of progress on China makes her be frustrated as she tends to go after China in a worse way. She proposes a contender platform to fight the climate crisis by investing tax money to combat the increasing global heating, with aims to protect the environment and preserve clean air and water. Warren faces setbacks as financial setbacks that shattered the lives of people as th

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Key Passage Excerpt

Key Passage Excerpt

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Key Passage Excerpt “Singing! Everybody’s thunderstruck. They haven’t heard such a thing in years, not on the ward. Most of the Acutes in the dorms are up on their elbows, blinking and listening. They look at one another and raise their eyebrows. How come the black boys haven’t hushed him up out there? They never let anyone raise that much racket before, did they? How come they treat this new guy different? He’s a man made out of skin and bone that’s due to get weak and pale and die, just like the rest of us…”-Sage Stubbs pg. 91-92

“We mustn’t let McMurphy get our hopes up any different. Lure us into making some kind of dumb play. She’ll go on winning, just like the Combine, because she has all of the power of the Combine behind her. She doesn’t lose on her losses, but she wins on ours. To beat her you don’t have to whip her two out of three or three out of five, but every time you meet. As soon as you let down your guard once, she’s won for good. And eventually, we all got to lose. Nobody can help that.”-Sage Stubbs pg. 113

Analysis of the Excerpt

“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” is a story by Ken Kesey and was a part of Beats literary movement. This was a protest novel in form of a poem that wanted to rejected normal societal norms that had been set in place and also protest the government lack of concern to the society. The excerpt passages are chosen present and addresses aspects that are important to the development of the novel’s themes. Kesey’s literary crafting of the novel portrays themes from the excerpt that shows Law and order and other aspects show the theme of individual vs sanity, the theme of sanity and insanity and the theme of power.

In the development of the theme of power in the novel storyline, the excerpts passage addresses some aspects of power in which passage portrays how Big nurse Ratched has strict rules that see McMurphy struggles against the strict rules. Big nurse Ratched is described by other patients that she’ll keep winning since she has the power of combine behind her. Nurse Ratched who is the antagonist is the most exposed in the society when it comes to men. She is abusing her powers over the men as she still wants to remain in control. When the author states “She’ll go on winning, just like the Combine, because she has all of the power of the Combine behind her. She doesn’t lose on her losses, but she wins on ours.” (Kesey, pg. 100); she is talking of the battle between McMurphy and the nurse. Although she may have been beaten, she is not going to let it affect her eventual goal being ready to regain control of her power again. In highlighting the battle between the two, the author uses a narrative voice as well as description making the passage even more interesting.

The novel also features the theme of individual v society in which the passage is important to show how this theme develops. McMurphy has been shown challenging the rules at the hospital since he had arrived from the upsetting nature of the group therapy procedure that is supposed to be democratic to brushings of teeth before the appointed time. With the hospital setting being considered as a society and its conformity and description of madness among various strict rules McMurphy’s action against the conformist society is noble. In that, he questions the strict and controlling rule together with the ridiculing of the nurse. The passage helps develop this theme I regard to where the other patients arguing that they must not let McMurphy lure them to a dump play getting their hopes up. The patients are aware that the nurse is carefully watching and she is not defeated as eventually she will take back the control of the hospital.

In the setting of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Kesey makes several statements about nature and society. The first statement from the novel is that as a means of maintaining law and order the conformist society, suppresses personal expressions thus man must struggle for his individuality in the society. With a focus on the passage, this statement is portrayed, when the Acutes are surprised that the new guy has not been hushed by the black boys, thinking the new guy is being treated differently. The new behavior of McMurphy surprised the conformist society as they are not used to seeing such without black boys hushing the patients out of there. Which is shown to be the nature of the society they are confined in. The individual struggle is portrayed by the questioning of the strict rules and ridicule of the big nurse by McMurphy who the other Acutes didn’t want to put hopes on as they were preoccupied with the thought that the big nurse always wins (Meloy, pg. 3-14).

The Microcosm of the novel world is often reflected in the real macrocosm of the real world outside. The microcosm is a small society surrounding that represents a community or a situation that portrays the characteristics of a larger symbol. In the novel, the struggle of one individual against the society that is a conformist is righteous action to take and as the hospital presents the microcosm society, McMurphy’s fight within the small world can be related to the outside world. In the writing of the novel, emphasize was made on a conformity society, whereby the writer Kesey, used the word conformity to mean upholding law and order thus the through the fight of one’s individuality against a small society, the connection with real-life contemporary world was raised as standards, law and order of the current world and society at large are in question.

McMurphy’s struggles in the Acute ward led to the breed of questions on how to the society defines sanity, whereby in the setting all people were asked to conform to the same standards of behavior. The world at large does not welcome the ideas of insane an I insanity thus through the novel, this theme is well presented out as to what the society conforms to as insane or insanity and does it conform with the society’s expectations and norms. these questions often arise in an attempt to separate a sense of self from society. The real world outside through the psychiatrists has been over the past century trying to answer such questions that are presented in the small hospital world, with the hope of guiding people to self-realization no matter how the environment differs from the norms of the patient environment (Pink, pg. 641). The novel shows the Hero McMurphy, as a person who sees through the shuns and shows his fellow acute patients on how they can create their own standards of sanity.

Kelsey is able to successfully employ various literary devices in her novel to build on her various themes in the novel. From the setting to the title of the book, one can already get an idea of the serious issues that Kelsey gets to address.

Works Cited

Kesey, Ken. “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1962).” (1976).

Meloy, Michael. “Fixing men: castration, impotence, and masculinity in Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.” The Journal of Men’s Studies 17.1 (2009): 3-14.

Pink, Jim, and Lionel Jacobson. “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.” Bmj 334.7594 (2007): 641-641.

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