I need help with this exam. You match the terms with…
I need help with this exam. You match the terms with their definition. This class is immunology class, the text book we are using is The Immune System, Peter Parham, 3rd Edition, Garland Publishing, Exam 1.docx Download Attachment This is an unformatted preview. Please download the attached document for the original format. uclear transcription factor activated by cytokine response to produce inflammatory cytokines. 1. Commens ual species 2. Opportunistic pathogens 3. Defensins 4. GALT 5. C3b 6. CD59 7. MAC 8. TLRs 9. LPS 10. NFkappaB 11. LFAÂ1:ICAMÂ1 12. CRP Save Question 3 (20 points) Match genes, terms, proteins for chapters 3 and 4. You may use your note cards and my lecture notes for this question. Only one choice per match. Question 3 options: Key genes for somatic recombination, these are transcribed only in lymphocytes. 1. Primary Immune Response 2. Secondary Immune Response Adaptive response that follows if pathogen breaches skin, provides a first exposure to an antigenÂÂthis response takes some time. 3. Clonal Selection 4. Negative Selection Process that increases numbers of B and T cells that recognize a specific pathogen 5. CDR3 6. Epitope 7. Somatic Recombination 8. RAG Process of enhanced diversification of VÂ Domain coding sequencesÂÂoccurs after initial B cell activation. 9. P and N Nucleotides Process of cutting, splicing and random recombination that produces diversity for antigen recognition. 11. Somatic Hypermutation Palindromic and NontemplatedÂÂthese nucleotides fill in randomly to create more diversity in CDR3 Adaptive response that follows if the antigen has been previously seenÂÂthis response is fast. The shape recognized by an antibody, this is also the shape that leads to the MHC presentation for T cell receptors. Key function of certain antibodies and complement components to coat pathogens and thus inactivate them. 10. Isotype Switching 12. Opsins/Opsinization Stage in TÂCell development where T cells that recognize self are targeted for Apoptosis. Hypervariable loop key for recognizing antigens. Process where antibody can be modified (not antigen binding region) to produce alternative effector functions. Save Question 4 (20 points) Match terms, genes and proteins for chapters 5 and 8. Only one choice per match. Note cards and my lecture notes ok! Question 4 options: Master Professional Antigen Presenting Cell (white gloves and all) Cell surface molecules from professional antigen presentiing cell that interact with T cells. This TÂcell receptor binds the B7 ligand. Lingand (related to immunoglobulin family) that binds the CD28 coÂreceptor. is found on antigen presenting cells and indicates a positive infection. This cell signaling molecule transduced the TÂcell activation initiated by antigen presenting by way of phosphorylation. Antigen processing components used for MHCÂ1 presentation; Antigen processing components used for MHCÂÂII presentation. Nucleotide sequences recognized by RAG genes for somatic recombination; Key genes, ony expressed in B and T cells that are RSS; RAG 1 and 2 1. 2. CD4; CD8 3. MHCÂI; MHCÂII 4. Proteasome, TAP, ERAP, Calnexin; Invariant chain, CLIP 5. Allotype; Genetic polymorphism 6. MHC Restriction 7. HLAÂ1A, HLA 1B, HLAÂ 1C 8. Dendritic Cell 9. LFAÂ1:ICAMÂ2, CD2:LFAÂ3 10. B7 thought to have evolved from transposons. HLA isotypes with the greatest extent of polymorphism. Proteins produced by different forms of a given gene; Where muliple alternative forms of a gene exist in a given population. CoÂreceptor for helper T cells; CoÂreceptor for cytotoxic T cells. 11. Zap 70 12. CD28 Antigen presentation that indicates intracellular pathogen; Antigen presentation that indicates extracellular pathogen. Where a TÂcell receptor is specific to a complex of both the MHC and antigen presentation for activation. Save Question 5 (4 points) Please see Figure 2.20 (shown on slide 11 of chapter 2 lecture notes). This figure shows the TollÂlike receptors. They are highlighted on the opening video for this chapter! Which of the following are true for these key components of the Innate Immune system? Question 5 options: These receptors are signaling molecules. The family members are specific for different microbes. Our text describes at least 9 different TLRs in this family that provide detection of specific microorganisms. When activated, these TLRs will activate cell signaling processes that lead to cytokine responses. For example, when LPS is recognized by TLR4, a kinase cascade results in the nuclear localization of a key transcription factor (NFkappa Beta) that will activate the transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Toll Like Receptors only sense microbes on the outer surfaces of cells. 1 and 2 2 and 3 All answers are correct Save Question 6 (4 points) Please see Figures 3.8 and 3.9 from our text. These are shown on slide 8 of the Chapter 2 lecture. These two classes of antigenÂpresenting molecules are critical for our wellÂbeing and the stars of our Davis novel. In fact, our text states that MHC genes are "the bestÂknown examples of highly polymorphic genes". Which of the following statements are true for these key molecules? Question 6 options: MHC Class I molecules present to CD8 T cells and in addition to binding the T cell receptor, these bind the CD8 coÂreceptor. CD8 T cells are cytotoxic T cells. MHC Class II molecules present to CD4 T cells and in addition to binding the T cell receptor, these bind the CD4 coÂreceptor. CD4 cells are helper T cells. MHC Class I molecules present antigens from intracellular pathogens (viruses for example) while MHC Class II molecules present antigens from extracellular pathogens (bacterial, viral, fungal and even parasites). MHC class I molecules are expressed by all cells (except for Red Blood Cells) in the body, while MHC class II molecules are only expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. 1, 2 and 3 All answers are correct. Save Question 7 (4 points) Our text states that "The number of different antibodies that can be produced by the human body seem to be virtually limitless". Key to creating the diversity witin the antigen binding sites (Slide 7 of chapter 4 lecture) are the result of random recombination of gene segments. The RAG genes are key for creating this process. Please see Slide 15 from the chapter 4 lecture that shows Figures 4.19Â4.21. The RAG story lecture elaborates on these genes and this process. Please select the statement that is NOT true about RAG Genes and random recomination. Question 7 options: Somatic recombination occurs during B cell development. During this process, the V, D and J segments are cut and spliced and help produce the great variety of antigen binding sites. Variable region sequences are flanked by RSSs, these signal sequences are recognized by the RAG genes. Junctional diversity is created by exchanging V regions for J regions. Junctional diversity is created by having random NÂ nucleotides added after RAG genes clip RSSs generating PÂnucleotides. RAG genes are thought to have evolved from transposons. Save Question 8 (4 points) Please see Figure 5.20. This is shown on slide 16 of the chapter 5 lecture notes. Please select the statement(s) that correctly describe the difference between MHC class I and MHC class II antigen processing. Question 8 options: There is no difference in how antigen processing occurs for MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. As MHC class I molecules present antigens exclusively from extracellular pathogens, the extracellular antigens are engulfed and form an endocytic vesicle. Peptides are then processed using phagocytosis, and are bound by MHC molecules. As MHC class II molecules present antigens exclusively from intracellular pathogens, the intracellular antigens are processed in a proteasome. Peptides are then transported from the proteasome through TAP to the ER lumen where they are loaded onto the MHC molecule. Answers 2 and 3 WOULD be correct if the MHC class type were switched. Specifically, answer 3 would be correct if MHC class I molecules were identified, and answer 2 would be correct if MHC class II molecules were identified. Save Question 9 (4 points) Please see the summary slide for our chapter 8 lecture. This slide shows Figure 8.39 from our text. Please select the correct statement(s) for this question on the stages of the T cell response. Question 9 options: Naive T cells must be activated in order to become effector T cells. Specifically, Naive CD8 T cells recognize the antigen presented by MHC class II molecules and will then develop into helper T cells. Naive T cells must be activated in order to become effector T cells. Specifically, Naive CD8 T cells recognize the antigen presented by MHC class I molecules and will then develop into cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells recognize cells that have been infected (viral) and kill them via Apoptosis. Helper T cells exist in two forms; TH1 cells recognize macrophages that contain vesicles of bacteria and activate the macrophages to kill the bacteria, while TH2 cells activate B cells that will develop in to plamsa cells for antibody production. Answers 1 and 3 are correct Answers 2 and 3 are correct Save