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second assignment Anthropology Assignments

Anthropology Assignments

Type answers to the following questions and submit in class next Friday. Be sure to type the question before your answer. Also include a Works Cited page. Need help with citations? http://libguides.nyit.edu/citations/refme

What is Anthropology?

This is the study of what makes us human. Anthropology takes into account broader aspect to comprehend the various aspects of human experiences. Anthropologists consider past, to examine how humans lived together thousands of years past and what significant is learnt from such history. It relates the past and the present.

Describe a normal human being in US culture; who is considered normal in our society?

Whether one is considered normal or otherwise is normally judged based on societal standards. The word normally changes as communal standards change. According to US culture normal person is defined as one that can meet the communal standards for instance has proper education, has good health, is social, update on community understanding and any other related communal expectations.

How does Western culture’s ideology of normalcy affect global mental health study and practice?

The ideology of normalcy has resulted to creation of ethnic and racial minorities. A lot of questions have risen and more so whether everything should be judged from the perspective on western cultures. The idea of normalcy has created wide gaps between different groups thus affecting the free collaboration and trade. Additionally, it has negatively affected global mental health. The people who do have origin in the west have been mostly ignored.

Where are many mental health clinics situated in the US? What might that tell us about our culture?

Majority of the health clinics are situated in the North where non-Americans exist and they belong to Indian and black-Americans indicating they are informal groups in America. It also indicates that the American culture exempts the non—USA citizens. Additionally, we have witnessed some speeches conducted indicating that non-Americans should not be members of the community in America.

“How can we recognize the shackles that tradition has laid upon us? For when we recognize them, we are also able to break them.” -Franz Boas, The Shackles Of Tradition. Based on your understanding of this week’s assignments, what are the “shackles of tradition” in US culture with regards to mental illness – stigma, treatment and research.

The shackles of tradition in American is the belief that the blacks, Indians or people believed to have origins outside America are non-Americans. This has caused different stigmas and segmentations based on origin in America. It also reduces the act of belonging for non-Americans.

Oral Presentation

ANT 341/303 Indigenous Art of North America/Diversity Seminar

Oral Presentation, Guidelines and Suggested Sections:

Context for Artist’s work: culture, culture area, time period, map, material availability, etc.

The Artist’s work: select no more than 5 pieces to describe in detail but you can show more as you like (aim for 7-8 minute oral presentation overall).

Themes in the Artist’s work possibly highlight A) Ceremony/Ritual & “Religion”; B) Response & Reimagination; C) Resistance; D) Rejuvenation & Reclamation (or just one of these) from earlier in the semester

For Proposal (10% of your grade):

1) Small document (1-3 pages) that highlights your selected artist/group of artists. Answer basic questions relating to your artist (who, what, where, when, and why you selected them)

2) Select three scholarly sources to acquire and annotate them. Be sure to begin each entry with the full citation for the source in American Antiquity format.

For Annotated Bibliography (10% of your grade):

1) Select 7-10 scholarly sources, works of art (found in museum collections or items from the Artist’s body of work seen on their personal websites, etc.), websites or videos, Indigenous Community websites, etc. Interviewing your artist is possible through their public website/social media, etc., but please contact me before you contact your artist so that we may put your project through the IRB process if necessary.

2) Annotate them with the full citation for the source in American Antiquity format.

For the Oral Presentation (20% of your grade):

1) Prepare a 7-8 minute oral presentation visually illustrated with a set of PowerPoint slides. (Each presentation will have 1-2 minutes of a Question and Answer period immediately following it.) A 7-8 minute presentation generally has a “script” of no more than 5 pages printed using 14 point font. Your PPT should generally include no more than 10 to 12 slides (including your title, acknowledgement, and bibliography slides),

2) Remember to include a Bibliographic slide in your PPT*, containing the sources that you used in American Antiquity citation format. (* if you choose to present in a format other than PPT, be sure to save and upload it in pdf form to Blackboard).

I am here to assist you with putting your PPT together (formatting, etc.). You are able to embed brief video clips in your presentation, but these should not be more than 2 minutes long all together.

I am available to read your draft, to offer feedback on your PPT, and/or to listen to a run-through of your oral presentation.

What were the major causes of WWI

ANSWERS TO THE THREE QUESTIONS AND TWO DISCUSSIONS

Name

Professor

Department of affiliation

Course

Date

Answers to The Three Questions

First World War

1. What were the major causes of WWI?

The main causes of the world war one were assassination, alliances, military, nationalism, and imperialism. The assassination of the archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophi spark up the war. Austria-Hungary took it as a direct attack on the country and they were furious with Serbia as they believed that Serbia aided the terrorist to do the assassination. Serbia rejected the terms se3t by Austria-Hungary for the investigation and with the help of Germany Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. They invaded France through Belgium .and this lead to Britain declaring war on Germany as France was its ally. The alliances were formed even before the war started. There were two alliances the triple alliance which included Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary, and the triple entente which had Britain, France, and Russia (Watt, 1971). the alliance system aimed to help each ally whenever war was declared on it .this became effective after the assassination when Germany declared war on Serbia and invaded France Britain came in to defend France.

Militarism led to building up of tension between the European nation as countries were increasing their military power which threatened others because with each new battleship the enemies became more powerful and more hostile .militarism led to an arms race where countries competed in the acquisition of military power and naval rivalry between Germany and Britain .nationalism was a cause to the world war as it led nations to build up their armies and to increase their military power which caused a lot of tension between the nations. Also the assassination of the archduke of Austria by a “black hand” a Serbia nationalist group led to the declaration of war on other states .imperialism is when a country intends to expands its power into larger empires. Germany and Russia wanted to create their empires .this caused a lot of competition and tension all over the world which led to a world war (Bolívar, 2003).

2. Who were the four leaders of South American Independence?

The leaders of South America independence were Simon Bolivar, José de san Martin, Miguel hidalgo and Agustin de Iturbide. Simon bolivar was a statesman and a soldier who played an important role in the South American independence movement. He served as a dictator of Peru from 1823 to 1826 and as a president of gran Colombia from 1819 to 1830.he got involved in a resistance movement after France invaded Spain and he played a key role in the Spain American fight for independence. Bolivar favored a strong system with a central leader, unlike the US federal system he wanted all the Free State in South America to be under a common rule. With his charm and great military skills, he became a great leader of South American independence. Simon bolivar managed to free thousands of people from Spanish rule hence he is a hero throughout South America.

Jose de san martin is a statesman national hero and an Argentinian soldier who helped in leading revolutions against Spain’s rule in Argentina, Chile, and Peru in his fight for independence he believed that the best way to give Peru independence was to get its people to accept independence voluntarily. San Martin decided to join the independence movement in South America with the leadership of Bolivia they fought to end Spanish rule and in July 1819 a formal declaration was signed. Miguel Hidalgo, led the parishioners’ revolution against Spanish rule though he did not achieve much Miguel was a precursor to the heroes of Mexican independence. Agustin de Iturbide was a politician and general of Mexico. He built a political and a military coalition that took control of Mexico City and hence its independence. He also defeated padre Morelos and he made peace with the last rebel group .he also fought for the same rights Spaniards and Crillos.

3. What was the difference between the Old Imperialism and the New Imperialism in Africa?

Imperialism is when a country intends to extend its power into larger empires. The old imperialism was about economic achievement s which was mainly characterized by god glory and gold.it also included human labor and ivory from Africa while under the new imperialism the was driven by larger economic purposes.it included cheap raw materials cheap labor and cheap markets in the African continent in the old imperialism nations ruled over larger geological areas while in new imperialism nations had smaller colonies (Ferguson, 2006). In the new imperialism, nations had better technologies for communication transportation military, and even medicine compared to old imperialism. There were railroads and steamboats for easier and faster transportation, telegram for communication, machine guns for military use, and vaccines in the medical field.in the old imperialism, there was stiff resistance from the colonies while in the new imperialism the nations were not able to control the resistance from the colonies because they had more sophisticated weapons and there were several technological advancements and with other factors gave the colonies an upper hand.

In the old imperialism, there were great commercial revolutions. There were trading activities. The nations sort markets for their manufactured goods and they also needed some of Africa’s precious metals and other goods. While in the new imperialism there were great industrial revolutions. With the growth of industries in European countries, they needed a labor market and raw materials for the industries .this led to the new imperialism in Africa (Sutcliffe, (2006). The reasons for the end of the old imperialism were high costs of maintaining the colonies’ nationalism napoleon war and the rise of industries while the end of the new imperialism was the world war which made the industries come to a standstill for a while and the native uprising.References

Watt, D. C. (1971). The British reactions to the assassination at Sarajevo. European Studies Review, 1(3), 233-247.

Ferguson, N. (2006). Political risk and the international bond market between the 1848 revolution and the outbreak of the First World War 1. The Economic History Review, 59(1), 70-112.

Bolívar, S. (2003). El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar. Library of Latin America.Bolívar, S. (2003). El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar. Library of Latin America.Sutcliffe, B. (2006). Imperialism old and new: A comment on David Harvey’s the new imperialism and Ellen Meiksins Wood’s empire of capital. Historical Materialism, 14(4), 59-78.

Discussions

A Caring Initiative

Bonds are common and are created during specific events. Some are influenced by blood, while others are created through friendship ties. The bond is not indifferent to the bond created during birth between a newborn and a mother. During birth, the mother and infant might be separated due to circumstances, which is the most difficult moment for a new mother. The connection can, however, be fostered using various emotional outlets.

From the start of a mother’s pregnancy to deliver, the bong of the mother grows consistently. Women cannot wait to hold their newborn infants in their arms. After delivery, the bond grows, and at this point, there is an existing physical connection since the mother can carry, touch and hold the newborns. Research, however, reveals that the disconnect between mother and child during birth due to illness can complicate the existing bond, and nurses can use journaling to assist mothers during that period just as it does in life-changing moments.

Journalism is an emotional support backup that allows for the expression of feelings and thoughts of oneself at a given time. Journaling can help mothers go through the roller coaster of emotions positively by enhancing understanding of the separation process and considering the newborn negative emotions simultaneously (Feinblum et al, 2016).

A study conducted at a 9-bed neonatal intensive care unit in Northern New Jersey community hospital revealed conducted via questionnaires to women who met the criteria and was approved by the organization Nursing Research Council and the Institutional Research board revealed that the journal was an important channel to put down their thoughts especially during the separation period. Some mothers expressed the connection that they bearded with their newborn, and some revealed that despite their separation, they had their trust in the nurses and caregivers at the hospital. The mothers described journaling as self-therapy and supportive and the bond with their infants as divine.

Journaling was a process that enabled mothers to gain a deeper understanding of their emotions and connect with them, whether positive or negative, to facilitate healing. They took time to bond with their nurses, too creating a rapport and strengthening their relations. Women who failed to channel their thoughts and feelings via journals did so using questionnaires (Feinblum et al, 2016). The study also emphasized the use of verbal cues in the future and stressed the coping process, especially after reflection and coping. Journaling is, therefore, a process that can enable the nurses to support new mothers cope with separation, especially in the case of the illness of a newborn.

Impact of teacher-student writing conferences on frequency and accuracy of using cohesive devices in EFL students’ writing

A researcher researched to examine the underexplored written corrective feedback, oral feedback in a teacher-student writing conference. People paid little input on the interaction between teacher and students, especially in social and cultural dimensions. Most teachers opt for written feedback instead of dialogic response that enhances the development of learners. Feedback should bear conversational, interactive, and contingent characteristics (Alfalagg, 2020)..Feedback, however, has been reduced by teachers to the non-conformity nature of social and contextual characters, especially in their response to errors. In the process, students become disoriented and fail to achieve much based on the little existing interaction between them and their teachers. Some of the challenges resulting from teacher-student interactions are displayed by student writers in ESL and EFL contexts during their various assignments. Some refer to ambiguous referents, while others encounter challenges in using conductions due to teaching methods used in their course of study.

The conference improved the teachers’ interactions and assist learners both in ESL and EFL overcome linguistics errors, which was acknowledged in the students’ improved results. The research conducted for a conclusion basis was informed of discussion, social interaction, and meaning negotiation. The Arabic language was the most dominant due to their limited speech proficiency in English (Alfalagg, 2020).

The researcher and the student had different roles, with students being tasked with the duty of self-correction on their texts while the researcher determined their ability scale. The students were warmly welcomed and permitted to ask questions freely, read texts aloud, and take notes while carrying on with self-correction and later submitted their drafted first round and second drafts after feedback (Alfalagg, 2020)..

Mistakes drawn from the data collected were referencing inconsistency, unnecessary cohesive additives, and the wrong substitution of words, to mention a few. However, due to continued feedback impacted by the teacher-student individual writing conferences, there was a notable improvement in conductions, referential markers, and overall performance.

References

Feinblum, D., Gonzalez, R., & Clyne, M. (2016). Journaling: A caring initiative. International Journal of Human Caring, 20(1), 15-18.

Alfalagg, A. R. (2020). Impact of teacher-student writing conferences on frequency and accuracy of using cohesive devices in EFL students’ writing. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 5(1), 1-19.

It was found that Asperger syndrome is a neurobiological condition that is among a group of disorders that are commonly known

ASPERGER SYNDROME

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Introduction

It was found that Asperger syndrome is a neurobiological condition that is among a group of disorders that are commonly known as autism spectrum disorders. This common term is used to mean or to refer to a number of a wide range if disabilities in the developmental stages that also include autism and other disorders that display the same or almost similar characteristics (Asperger syndrome). Autism in this case is said to be one among many disorders that make up and the pervasive developmental disorders. Pervasive developmental stages are referred to as a group of conditions that affect the development process that involve impaired or delayed social and communication skills, cognitive and behavioral skills. Autism is indicated to be among the widely- known condition of all of the PDDs; these conditions are also referred to as autism spectrum disorders (Autism and other pervasive developmental disorders).

These disorders are known as spectrum disorders because of the way the characteristics and symptoms of each can display themselves in combinations that are different and in degrees of severity that also varying. For example, two patients can exhibit a broad variety of abilities and skills though they have been given the same diagnosis, and even when they have similar patterns of behavior. As a result, professionals have come up with a number of general terms that are used to refer to the children patients displaying behaviors that fit with the spectrum. Some of these terms include low- functioning, autistic tendencies, high- functioning, and pervasive developmental disorders among others. It has also been found that children with Asperger syndrome have numerous characteristics and symptoms in common with children with high- functioning autism. Studies have estimated that not less than 400, 000 families have one or more of their members affected by Asperger syndrome. The incidence has currently been increasing and it was found that the reason behind this was not an increase in the condition itself but an increase in the in the identification of milder cases that were undetectable before. However, the fact still remains that Asperger syndrome is one of the most difficult condition to treat and diagnose among the other conditions (Asperger syndrome). This paper will cover some of the information included in a number of linked websites to find out more information about Asperger syndrome, and the meaning of the information to professionals and students in psychology.

Asperger syndrome derives its name from a Vietnamese pediatrician who was the first to describe some of the common characteristics and behavior patterns associated with patients with Asperger condition in 1940; he was called Hans Asperger. He noticed that his patients had social skills that were severely impaired and were not able to communicate with the others efficiently, and that their coordination was poor even though their language and intelligence development was normal. The Asperger Coalition of the United States has pointed out that Asperger syndrome starts later than what is expected in cases of autism, with the majority of the kids being diagnosed after they have reached the age of 5 to 9 (Asperger syndrome).

There are several characteristics which indicate the presence of Asperger syndrome. Some of them include such characteristics as social interactions that are poor or underdeveloped, patterns of speech that are odd, obsessions and other mannerisms that are peculiar. It was also found that most children with Asperger syndrome have a number of specific facial expressions and most of them have difficulties in understanding the body language of other individuals. They also might engage in routines or behaviors that are obsessive and show sensitivity to sensory stimuli that might not been displayed by other children. For example, some of them show oversensitivity to light and sounds that other children might be comfortable with. Generally, kids with Asperger syndrome can function normally in life like other children; the only difference is that their social maturity is at times peculiar or limited. Other characteristics might include clumsiness, motor delays, peculiar preoccupations, and limited interests. It was found that these symptoms can continue to adulthood with individuals showing less concern and empathy for others and having limitations with their social skills. However, it was also found that these symptoms and characteristics can greatly diminish if they are diagnosed early and an early intervention is included (Asperger syndrome).

A site describing the symptoms and signs of Asperger syndrome indicate that a professional is the best individual to evaluate the symptoms of a child if it is suspected that they are suffering from one of these conditions because the condition can be easily confused with other disorders with similar characteristics. It was learned that Asperger syndrome can and is commonly confused with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Asperger syndrome). Surprisingly, it was found that ADHD is an extremely common behavioral disorder that is prevalent in about 8 to 10 percent of children of the school- going age. It was found that it is more prevalent in boys than in girls with boys being at a risk thrice that of girls of being affected by the condition. Children with this condition are hyperactive, act without thinking and have focusing difficulties. They never follow instruction though they understand them because of the difficulties they have of sitting still, attending to details and paying attention (What is ADHD?).

It is, therefore, essential to have a professional who can differentiate between the symptoms of the both conditions to diagnose a child displaying such symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms associated with Asperger syndrome include speech that is robotic, scripted or repetitive, social interactions that are minimal or inappropriate, limited common sense, challenges with writing, reading and math skills, obsessions, limited nonverbal cognitive techniques, movements that are awkward and mannerisms and behaviors that are odd. It essential to note that unlike children with autism, children with Asperger syndrome might not display language development delays; in most cases, they attain grammatical skills that are fair and vocabulary that is advanced at normal developmental stages. However, the use of language in various social contexts is usually common (Asperger syndrome).

The causes of Asperger syndrome and autism still remain unknown and researchers are still studying some of the possible causes of the conditions. Many scientists, however, speculate that the behavior patterns characterizing children with Asperger syndrome might be as a result of numerous causes. It is, for example, believed that there is a genetic factor to Asperger syndrome, and other studies have indicated that other disorders such as bipolar and depression disorders might be significant causes of this condition (Asperger syndrome). Depression has been characterized as one of the most common and significant mental condition in the US. A child is diagnosed with depression when such things like depressive mood, and state lingers for an extended period of time like months and even more, and when these depressive moods limit the child or person to function normally (Understanding depression). Others still think that there is an environmental factor involved. It was found out that the condition does not result from the way people are brought up or from deprivation of emotions as many assume. It is a fully neurobiological order that many scientists have not come to comprehend yet (Asperger syndrome). Current research has, however, made significant advances and found out that Asperger syndrome can be caused by certain abnormalities in the brain. Such revelations have been found using advanced brain imaging techniques that have shown functional and structural differences in certain brain areas of children with Asperger syndrome versus those without (What causes AS?).

It has been indicated that it is extremely challenging to diagnose Asperger syndrome. This is because children with the condition function normally in most life aspects and it common for parents and professionals to attribute some of their odd behaviors to just being different from the other children. Professionals have, however, recommended early intervention for children with Asperger syndrome. Most professionals perform thorough psychological evaluations on children displaying Asperger- like symptoms (Asperger syndrome).

Because children with the condition display varying behavior patterns, there is no one particular treatment or cure for Asperger syndrome. There are different kinds of treatment that might benefit a patient according to the symptoms they display. Some include training and education of parents, training on social skills, language therapy, training for younger children of sensory integration, and medications (Asperger syndrome). Educational interventions for the child can also be beneficial. This only applies to those children who have delayed skills and other kinds of disabilities. These programs might help children with learning disabilities, emotional disorders, autism, cognitive challenges, language or speech impairment and delays in development (Individualized education programs).

It has been understood that with treatment options that are appropriate and effective, children with Asperger syndrome can learn to cope and live with their disabilities but they might at times find it challenging to express competence in social situations and personal relations. Many adults who have successfully undergone these therapies are able to work in mainstream jobs although they might still need continued support and encouragement to live an independent life (Do children with AS get better?). Recent studies are still being contacted to show how different disorders in the nervous system and brain affect and result to symptoms of Asperger syndrome (What research is being done).

Conclusion

This topic is of great interest to my profession especially because there has been such limited research on some facets related to the issue. The information provided in these websites, therefore, is of major importance because it further psychologists’ knowledge on the matter, and further, points out areas of interest that need to be researched on for the betterment of the services provided to the patients. The benefits of what was found in these websites are many. One is that we, as professionals, get to know some of the main symptoms of the condition that might be of help to us when it comes to diagnosing the disorder. Another benefit is that we become aware as professionals of the common mistakes that are made during diagnosis and the knowledge on how to avoid such confusions. Misconceptions about causes of the disorder such as deprivation of emotions are also cleared after reading these materials. However, one of the most essential significance of the outcomes of this study was the fact that some gaps were found in the studies available about Asperger syndrome. For example, it was noticed that there are no clear studies that have yet found the causes of the disorder. It is, therefore, a challenge for us as psychologists to take up this task and further explore the causes so that these gaps can be closed.

References

Asperger syndrome. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/brain/asperger.html#Autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/learning/pervasive_develop_disorders.htmlDo children with AS get better? What happens when they become adults? Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm#179723080Individualized education programs. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/learning/iep.htmlUnderstanding depression. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/feelings/understanding_depression.htmlWhat causes AS? Is it genetic? Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm#179693080What is ADHD? Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/learning/adhd.htmlWhat research is being done? Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm#179733080

Solving Quadratic Equations Week 4

Ashford 5: – Week 4 – Discussion 1

Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses.

Solving Quadratic Equations

In this discussion, you will solve quadratic equations by two main methods: factoring and using the Quadratic Formula. Read the following instructions in order and view the example to complete this discussion:

If the third letter of your last name is On pages 635 and 636, solve the following problem by factoring Solve the following problem by using Quadratic Formula

My last name is “Askew” 88 46 on page 646

Use letter “K”

For the factoring problem, be sure you show all steps to the factoring and solving. Show a check of your solutions back into the original equation.

For the Quadratic Formula problem, be sure that you use readable notation while you are working the computational steps. Refer to Inserting Math Symbols for guidance with formatting.

Present your final solutions as decimal approximations carried out to the third decimal place. Due to the nature of these solutions, no check is required.

Incorporate the following four math vocabulary words into your discussion. Use bold font to emphasize the words in your writing (Do not write definitions for the words; use them appropriately in sentences describing your math work.):

Quadratic formula

Factoring

Completing the square

Discriminant

Love is not a foreign phenomenon in any culture all over the world

Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome

Author’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Date

Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome

Love is not a foreign phenomenon in any culture all over the world; love enabled the people from different cultures to live together in peace. The various cultures gad unique way of showing love, there was a way a father showed love to his children which was very different from how he showed love to the wife, but the bottom line was the person who love was being expressed acknowledged that it was a show of love.

The way people showed love to one another or some practices varied from one culture to another, what was considered as a sign of love might have meant something totally different in another community. The Greek and the Romans had their unique way of showing love and they expressed it artistically just as in the modern world where people can show love either through poems, songs or even drawings. In the Greek and roman ancient times people used the work of art to show love even though the work of art were different from the ones being used today.

Love in ancient Greek and Rome

The ancient art work from Greece and Rome is referred to as classical art. The term is also used to describe the work of art from the latter periods; this is the time that the artists relied on inspiration from things around them to do their work. The initial classical period in Greece started in Greece at around the middle of the 5th century, at around this time most sculptors could easily make sculptures but they were mostly interested in making sculptures of their gods. The love they had for their gods was so immense that the art work portraying their gods was very beautiful and decorated with beautiful marbles. The Romans on the other hand learned most of their art work from the Greeks and most of their art work is mostly borrowed from the Greeks. The Persian invasion, 479-490 BC inspired the Greek; poets came up with poems that portrayed the love they had for the new epoch (Adams, 2011).

In the early times especially during the period known as the Golden age Eros was vey common in Greece. Eros was the god of love to the Greek people but they still used the word to refer to their sexual desires. During the period the sexual desire or “love” as the Greek called it was not gender specific, even though it may seem outrageous the men were more into sexual relationship with young boys that to women. The practice was referred to as pederasty the period had advance effects on the type of art at the time. Poets came up with poems that praised homosexuality such as the poem by Solon known as “Boys and sports”. Homosexuality was also seen in paintings on the walls and even on vase paintings some were very explicit such the painting of a group of men stark naked and right beside them a couple trying to have sexual intercourse. During the period Eros for young boys was normal and artist and poets felt that it was necessary to do some work on it (Adams, 2011).

The type of art work will change later during the Hellenic period, during this period people especially the men started appreciating women and considered them as romantic human beings. The change in the attitude of the society did have an impact on art as well, poets started writing romantic poems to the women artists on the other hand started drawing portraits of beautiful women and giving to them as a sign of love that they had towards them. Even though pederasty and homosexuality was still being practiced it was becoming less and less common (Nisbet, 2006).

Difference in attitude

Ideally speaking the way the Greek expressed their love and also their attitudes is very much different from the modern world. During the golden error it was regarded as normal for a grown up man to have sexual relationship with a young boy, this was because boys who could not emit semen were considered as women. It was considered as honor for a man to pursue and finally manage to have a beautiful boy for a sexual partner. Another attitude during the Golden age period which later changes was that women were not considered as romantic partners. It was believed that a man was never to be romantically be involved with a woman as they were only there to bear children. Women were not allowed to go outside their homes and any man who was to find his woman outside the house would consider such an action as dishonor (Nisbet, 2006).

Conclusion

The cultural practices of a any community has great impact on the work of art from the community, even though the way a certain community displays love might be different or seem awkward to another person from a different community it still remains love. Some communities display love by singing to each other, others consider giving of expensive jewelries as love. The most notable thing however is that cultural practices will forever have a significant effect on the work of art.

References

Adams, L. (2011). Art across time (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nisbet, G. (2006). Ancient Greece in film and popular culture. London: Bristol Phoenix.

International Budget Partnership

Article title: Article 2 and Governments’ Budgets

Author(s): International Budget Partnership

Reference: Article 2 and Governments’ Budgets | Publications. (2021). International Budget Partnership. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from https://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/escrarticle2/Students name:

In this article, there is a clear explanation of what government budgeting means and how it relates to the citizens of that specific country. This article stresses that the government cannot provide all the services which are needed by its people without having a budget to make sure that what is supposed to be done for its people it’s done in a uniform and fair manner.

The purpose of this article is to provide the public with information o budgeting and help them realize the major purposes of a budget like an equal distribution of resources in the country. The article has achieved its information and data through qualitative and quantitative research which have enabled authors to determine the different points expressed herein. The article has and will continue to make positive changes to the people who read it since they get to learn the purposes of a government budget and how it works in their favor.

UAS, Gigapixel Technology, and high-resolution imagery

Article ReviewStudent’s NameInstitution

UAS, Gigapixel Technology, and high-resolution imageryIntroductionEmpirically, the article provides an illustration of how super-high resolution (SHR) image data can be visualized by using gigapixel displays. In essence, the journal shows the high level of advancements, not only in data acquisition, but also displays and interaction with data that have extreme resolutions. Applicably, the methodology used is relevant when conducting gigaplan projects, where web browsers can span multiple images with complex attributes in the scale of gigapixels. Notably, the authors based their study on a principle known as out-of-core when rendering the gigapixel scheme of visualization. On a physical notion that provides the analogy of ground-truthing, the article explains how tiled display walls can be used visualize a large spatial information. The spatial levels of details (LoD) are however formulated and understood according to the perception of the user. Personally, I chose the article as a surrogate that indicates how complex advancements have ensued in the contemporary field of remote sensing and geographical information systems.

MethodologyConceptually, the method used was evaluative in nature by following a comparative analytical technique. The researchers compared the display outcomes from the use of an acuity driven gigapixel visualization (ADGV) against the principle of standard gigapixel visualization (SGV). The contemporary variable was termed as TECH, from which the use of High-Resolution Imaging was employed. The experimental imaging was used to display gigapixelled images of Mars topography. Originally, the estimated data span was about 1.8 gigapixels that were texture-mapped onto an ellipsoid means surrounding the Reality Deck. Note that, the visible data had a resolution of about 1.2 gigapixels. Target landscapes or subjects were designated to indicate the differential aspects (DIFF) depending on the spectral contexts (-E, -M, & -H). The suffixes denoted easy, medium, and hard differentials. An acuity-driven tessellation was developed to enhanced to provide a high quality (F+C), Focus-and-Context.Results of the study (statistical analysis and outcome)The examination of TECH effects on ET using a t-test mechanism did not herald significant differences for the –E, -M, & -H regions. In addition, the equivalence analysis of the DIFF using a 5% average mean showed no conclusive evidence in terms of completeness, p-values, and relevant t-statistics. The comparative analysis of ADSV using the baseline of SGV presented no significant effects of TECH in relation to ET. All though there was no significant suggestion concerning the qualitative and quantitative impacts of TECH on the ET across all the DIFF, which do not comprehensively provide the final deduction. In a nutshell, there cannot be a concrete claim on the insignificance of the effect of TECH since the study just used a narrow threshold. Additionally, by instituting the concept of average user’s distance in terms of closeness to the screen, dclosest, a relative result was obtained. That is; there was no significant impact of adjusting the average distance to the screen or display when exploring the image data from ADVG.Flaws with the articleArguably, the research was comprehensive in relation to the design and procedure used. However, some limitations occur in the thresholds set for the analysis. The effects of TECH on ET were not particularly significant because of the limited threshold DIFF. In particular, the sample was small, and the research was not domain-specific.For that reason, I agree with the nature of the procedure but disagree with the approach used. Instead, would have pursued the evaluation in a thorough approach when conducting the LoD selection. In essence, selection could have made more sense in multi-user and predictive approaches. Lesson learntThe primary lesson from the article is that image data acquisition, display, and rendering can be done in an immersive gigapixel mechanism. Thus, visualization of imagery through acuity tessellation heralds high-quality demonstration of the data.ConclusionsIn summation, the article provided the framework for conducting an acuity-driven visualization in a gigapixel mechanism. The journal shows the high level of advancements, not only in data acquisition, but also in displays and interaction with data that have extreme resolutions. Again, the methodology formulated how to select LoD using the visual acuity. Notably, the main purpose of the study was to improve visual quality of focus and content (F+C) through the use of adaptive tessellation.Way forwardSince the approach did not provide proper conclusion on the relationships of the variables used, future studies should build on the loopholes of the study. As a result, imminent studies need to be thorough on evaluation and to select LoD that are domain-specific, use of larger samples, varied image data. In addition, they should focus on multi-user scenarios and dynamic data.

Reference

Papadopoulos, C., & Kaufman, A. (2013). Acuity-Driven Gigapixel Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 9(12), 2886-2895.

WHY HUMANS DON’T HAVE TAILS

Article Analysis-Why Humans Don’t Have Tails.

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WHY HUMANS DON’T HAVE TAILS

Published by Smithsonian Magazine, Corryn Wetzel 2021 article, “Why Humans Don’t Have Tails”, delves into how and why some primates, such as human beings lost their tails. For a long time, this issue has remained largely a mystery, however, new information suggests that a single genetic mutation might have caused the sudden change. Wetzel notes that the primate ancestors relied on their tails to provide balance as they navigated the treetops. This was not until 25 million years ago when researchers came across fossil records of tailless apes. A graduate student at NYU, Bo Xia, grew interested in researching the disappearance of tails in human beings after he had an accident and injured his coccyx, a triangular bone found at the base of the human spine.

To know exactly how and why human beings lost their tails, Xia and his colleagues took it upon themselves to study the stages of embryonic growth during which specific genes are switched off and on. These genes contain regulate the formation of various sections of a skeleton. Scientists had already recognized 30 genes critical to tail development among other animals. As such, the study already suspected the possibility of a genetic mutation(s) as being responsible for erasing human tails. Upon comparing DNA of six apes without tails to nine species of monkeys with tails, they found that humans and apes shared a mutation that monkey’s lacked (Magazine & Wetzel, 2022). Their research led to the discovery of a gene called TBXT. To assess whether it was possible to connect tail disappearance to mutation, the researchers genetically tweaked mice to give the same TBXT mutation as humans. After making the genetic edit, most of the rodents did not grow tails, while some developed short tails. A geneticist from Cornell University noted that although the research could not prove that a single mutation was entirely responsible for the mutation that led to the disappearance of tails in humans, it was the closest thing to a smoking gun we could get. Most importantly, the research concluded that our ancestors lost their tails suddenly and not gradually, which aligns with fossil record findings of scientists.

Judging from the findings of the research highlighted in this article, there is a huge possibility that human beings at one point had a tail that eventually disappeared. In my standpoint, I agree with Xia’s findings that either a single mutation or several mutations were responsible for the disseverance of the human tail. Although the findings of the research are sturdy, the main concern would be what other factors triggered the mutation. From my standpoint, I feel that multiple factors could have triggered the mutation. Without a doubt, genes had everything to do with the mutation, but that does not take away from the possibility that other factors such as change of environment, diet, or even climate could have triggered the genetic mutation of tail disappearance. In essence, genetic mutation is such a complex issue that can be difficult to understand especially if one does not have a scientific background. The discovery of the TBXT gene is the closest lead that we could have to understanding the sudden disappearance of genes in human beings. I agree with the discoveries made in this article; that the mutation randomly emerged in one single ape millions of years ago and from there was passed from offspring to offspring spreading like wildfire. Until we come across new information that contradicts the discovery that gene (s) mutation is responsible for tail disappearance, it would be better to hold on to this information as the truth because it is the closest we have gotten.

References

Magazine, S., & Wetzel, C. (2022). Why Humans Don’t Have Tails. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 9 February 2022, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-genetic-mutation-that-could-explain-how-humans-lost-their-tail-180978764/.

It is with no doubt that I have grown from the little person I was in the past years to the current huge person I am today

Art

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It is with no doubt that I have grown from the little person I was in the past years to the current huge person I am today. Through a lot of transformations have happened in my life, it is very little that has changed in me. The same facial expressions I used to have still have been retained to the person am growing to be. I have been a serious individual as it can be identified from the portrait, a face that I always wear when being engaged into serious issues and to which I have the responsibility to show how am able to manage. From my portrait, it can be depicted that am a little bit concerned about a certain issue that am deeply thinking on how to overcome it and therefore my facial doesn’t seem that happy.

In my portrait, I used fine art black and white portrait to draw my image. There are several reasons as to why I choose to use the black and white, and that is: the black and white method is simple as it does not require a lot of coloration in modifying the image. Also, it is the easiest way through which a person can express their emotions as well as their mood as the background is already suggestive of a not very well colored mood. In addition, the background of the portrait is also dark indicative of the past dark days to which I have been through in my past life.

In the portrait, I incorporated several principles of designs as well as the elements of design. The principle of alignment has been used in such a way that all the items are placed to where they are supposed to be for example the spectacles are on the eyes. The principle of contrast has also been used in the portrait, the brighter elements such as the face and the clothing can be identified, and as well the boundaries can be distinguished clearly from the other. Among the features of design used in the portrait include the line element that has been achieved at the back of the portrait to indicate the presence of a curtain covering a window. Color is another element of design used, and all through there has been a black and white shading of the portrait. An aspect ratio of the size of the objects and the image has been observed, and all are of the same proportion. My portrait was inspired by Leonardo Da Vinci’s work especially the Mona Lisa painting.