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Balanced diet

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Balanced diet

Introduction

According to (Bazzano & Ogden, 93-99), the human body was made in a very unique way in that it responds to various stimuli in varying ways, however, the phenomena that are the way lack of a particular product result into some medical condition is much more complex. The body is created in such a ways that it must get all the nutrient in the right proportions failure to which the body begins to show some characteristic and symptoms that shows deficiency to symbolise lack or inadequacy of some diets . Some of the causes of the resent medical condition include the fast paced life in which the only food people depend on is the fast foods. Fast foods have high cholesterol level because of the fat content, these contents have negative impact on the health of human beings, some of the effects include, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and other diseases caused by poor eating habits and lifestyles

A diet is considered balanced if and only if it has the required nutrient in the required proportion. These nutrients include carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and fibre, however, it should be noted that there are other trace elements that may be negligible in this list. The following are the core nutrients and their functions:

Carbohydrates:

These are responsible for providing the body with energy through a set of complex mechanism.

Proteins:

Proteins are important to the body as they fuel; the body with resources importance for growth of new tissues and repair of the worn out tissues.

Fats:

Not only are fats perfect sources of energy to the body, it also contains vitamins which are soluble in fats, these fats are like a reservoir to the body energy sources and once the body energy is depleted, they are burnt to provide energy.

Vitamins:

These are the organic compounds that the body requires for proper development; the body requires this compound in very small quantities. The human body is only in need of 13 vitamins, such as A, C, D, E, K  B vitamins(thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and foliate) each of these vitamins have their respective function in the body (Bazzano & Ogden, 93-99).

Mineral Salts: the body requires minerals salts to regulate the rate of metabolism in the body, for example the body need, sodium to help in the maintenance of the right osmotic pressure in the body fluid, calcium is required for the development of the bone and the bone structure these are required for healthy teeth, bones, muscles etc..

Fibre:

The body cannot digest fibres, it is therefore an important materials that help in the maintenance of the function of the intestines, for example when one has loose stool, the consumption of fibres makes loose bowels strong (Bazzano & Ogden, 93-99)

Salts

This is a seasoning used in food to make add taste, however, too much salt is harmful to health. Therefore it is recommended that people would limit the amount of salt they take. This can be achieved by flavouring food with herbs, spices or lemon juice, consuming tinned vegetables that have no salt, avoiding the use of sauces, and using stock cubes with low salt content or making home stock

Balanced Diets:

We must have the above items in the correct proportions. Lack of these nutrients in the body might lead to a number of medical condition which ranges depending on the particular nutrient that the body lacks, these deficiencies are explained in the table below below:

Some of the probable manifestation of the lack of the nutrients above includes:

Nutrient sources Deficiency symptoms

protein Legumes and beans

Soy, mycoprotein and tofu products, Nuts and

Sprouted seeds etc Difficulty sleeping, headache, Nausea and stomach pain, Fainting, Oedema, Weight loss, Thinning hair, or hair loss

Vitamins The sun, fruits etc Leg Cramps- calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12, Neurological Symptoms such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and Peripheral neuropathy, B-complex, vitamin E or omega fatty acids. Anaemia- vitamin B12 or folic acid. Frequent Minor Illnesses such as ,colds, flu or general aches and pains,

carbohydrates Grains, wheat germ, wholemeal bread, brown rice, potatoes, all forms of pasta but especially wholemeal pasta, barley, oats, lentils, Kwashiorkor, ketosis, swollen abdomen, cracking and scaly skin, and reddish hair. Though kwashiorkor is one of the leading manifestations of lack of adequate carbohydrates, mild cases of Marasmus may also be seen in such people.

Mineral salts Milk, cheese, eggs, green vegetables and almonds. Muscle crumps, muscle paralysis ,oedema etc

According to Mann & McAuley, (17), water is a very important p[art of the diet, water performs a number of function in the body, for example, it flushed out toxins from the system living organism an. Lack of water in the body is called dehydration, when one is dehydrated, the body may not be able to perform properly, for example a dehydrated person is lily to fall sick, is always tired and has will experience content headaches, that is the reason dieticians advise that one should take six glasses of water per day.

Apart from the nutrients stated above, one also need to exercise, through exercise the body get an opportunity burn extra fats and lipids thereby keeping the body fit. While these body requirement are easy to get in the form of pills, there are a number of advantages and disadvantages of getting the vitamins from food and not from the commercially manufactured vitamins, the fit between the vitamin received from food is much superior than from pills, by use of pills one only get particular type of vitamin, however, if oboe ate food rich in vitamins, it is much likely toffer more than one type of vitamin.

There are a number of tips for healthy eating , this includes Limiting the daily intake of both sugar and salt, Adding calcium in your diet for for strong bones, Putting protein in perspective, Enjoying healthy fats and avoiding unhealthy fat, Eating more healthy carbohydrates and whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and Moderating the ratios of the food intakes.

Conclusion

There are alot of benefits if one takes a balanced diet. For example, those who fail to balanced diet are likely to fall sick due to symptoms and diseases caused b the deficiencies if one or more of the nutrient. It is therefore imperative to consider the food intakes, the proportions and the frequency of eating. While these entire nutrients are good, excessive usage of these proteins is likely to affect the general mechanism under which the body functions. It is therefore important to ensure that the right proportion of all the nutrients.

Works cited

Bazzano L, &, Ogden L. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am J Clin Nutr. (2002);76(1):93-99.

Mann J,& McAuley K. Carbohydrates: is the advice to eat less justified for diabetes and cardiovascular health? Curr Opin Lipidol. 18(1):9-12. (2007);

Aviation Industry

Aviation Industry

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Date

Aviation Industry

The rapid development of aviation industry has caused a lot of problems to the society. The most notable are climatic change and noise pollution. Aviation industry causes climatic change as a result of the hazardous gases and other particulates which pollute the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases lead to acceleration in the rate of climate change and global warming. On the other hand, aircraft noise pollution is generated by its components during the flight. Noise can also be produced by the aircraft during take-off, taxiing, running, from the set exhaust and propeller, or when packed on the ground or en route (Owen & Lim, 2010).

Noise pollution produced by the aircrafts is gaining momentum due to increased number of aircrafts in the world today. They create aerodynamic noises which arise from helicopters tail and main rotors. It can be realized in the form of bluff body or age noise (Kryter, 2004). The major sections which generate them include the propellers, turbine engines, well pits, conditioning systems, and cabin pressurization.

Despite the fact the aircraft noise can lead to impairment, sleep disturbance, hypertension, annoyance, ischemic heart diseases and decreased school performance, it does not pose a great threat to the aviation industry. In this regard, it implies that climate change provides greater challenge to this industry. I would like to argue in favor of climate change due to following reasons.

It has been accepted that aviation industry contributes a lot of problems including diseases, drought, flooding, hunger etc. Aircraft industry contributes to it through the emission of greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide, Nitric oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, and soot. In feet, the emission of carbon dioxide gas by the aircrafts has been estimated to at approximately 20%. Climate change is also contributed by the high-altitude air lines that often fly in the stratosphere. It is an anthropogenic initiative which greatly creates a negative impact on global climate change.

According to official records, between 1990 and 2000, the total greenhouse gas emission from aviation industry was estimated to have increased by 87%. It was attributed to the increased aircraft traffic at the larger airports a long side the expansion of smaller ones. A lot of pressure has been mounted on the aviation industry to address the effects it causes to the aviation industry. The reporting of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPPCC) that aviation industry contributes for 3.5% of anthropological climate change has caused great problems to this industry.

Immediate action has been included in the emission trading scheme. Therefore, just like the other players, the investors in this industry will have to set a good portion of their raven up to participate in carbon trading. The money contributed will be responsible for sponsoring environmental cleanliness both in the developed and developing countries. This is because, just like other sectors, aviation has become a chief source of greenhouse gas and radioactive emissions. These are very dangerous gases which is left unchecked, can a negatively impact on global climate (Zerefos et al, 2005).

At the same time, the aviation industry will be taxed. Measures have been put in place to earning tax air travel. It is aimed at complying with the environmental impact Assessment reports which estimate the effects of aircraft on the environment. Therefore, it is supposed that the aviation industry should comply with the United Nations environmental program’s (UNEP) environment regulation standard. It should be coupled environmental ethics which advocates for environmental friendly corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. The industry must indicate that it is committed to the welfare of the general public by fighting environmental pollution. It should be part of solution to climate change.

The UK government has ruled that the aviation industry should be ready to address its implications on climate in totality. It means that the aircraft stakeholders should not only foams on the effects of carbon dioxide, but also regulate its actions regarding greenhouse gas emissions and radiation effects. There is a lot of pressure on them to increase the efficiency of their aircrafts. The aircraft manufactures should come up innovative and creative ideals to generate more modern jets. They will be environmental friendly because they will enable the industry to tremendously cut down its greenhouse gas emissions to the environment.

Despite its adverse effects to the people, noise pollution from aviation industries has not met stern measures like that of climate change. Several manufactures have come up with mitigation strategies. However, since it become on issue of concern since 1945 many countries have come up with policies to curb the menace. For instance, in the USA government has been committed to ensure that aircraft operators, designers and manufacturers develop improved operating procedures and quieter aircrafts. As a result, quieter designs such as Modern High by Pass turbofan has been produced (Kryter, 2004).

In conclusion, I would like to agree that aircraft greatly impacts or climate change. If stern measures are not taken, IPPC will be right for estimating that the industry will contribute 5% of global warming by 2050. However, since it involves taxations and other financial contributions, the aviation industry will suffer a great blow. In money tamp terms, it will mean financial loss, thus, it will directly affect its expansion. It implies that the implications of the industry on climate have received stern actions from different bodies depending on the intensity of this problem. However, noise pollution has been lighter. Mitigating it means modifying the design of aircrafts to produce environmental friendly machines to meet new standards.

References

Kryter, K. D. (2004). The Handbook of Hearing and the Effects of Noise: Physiology,

Psychology, and public health. Boston: Academic Press.

Owen, B.L. & Lim LD. (2010). Flying into the Future: Aviation Emissions Scenarios to 2050.

Environmental Science & Technology.

Zerefos, C. et al. (2005). Aviation radioactive forcing in 2000: an update on IPCC.

Meteorologische Zeitschrift (Gebrüder Borntraeger) 14 (4): 555–561.

Author Note

Paper Title

Author

Institutional Affiliation

Author Note

The author note is used to provide information about the author’s departmental affiliation, acknowledgments of assistance or financial support, and a mailing address for correspondence. An example follows:

Nelson L. Eby, Department of Computer Fraud Investigation, Columbian School of Arts and Sciences, the George Washington University; Douglas Degelman, Department of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California.

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Douglas Degelman, Department of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California, Costa Mesa, CA 92626.E-mail: ddegelman@vanguard.edu

Abstract

The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements of the paper. Nothing should appear in the abstract that is not included in the body of the paper. Word limits for abstracts are set by individual journals. Most journals have word limits for abstracts between 150 and 250 words. All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits rather than words. The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the Abstract heading. This is an example. This is an example of what 150 words looks like. This is an example of what 150 words looks like. This is an example of what 150 words looks like. This is an example of what 150 words looks like. This is an example of what 150 words looks like.

Title of Paper

The introduction of the paper begins here. Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of the document, and references. The body of the paper begins on a new page (page 3). Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin on a new page. The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the running head. The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title. Headings are used to organize the document and reflect the relative importance of sections. For example, many empirical research articles utilize Methods, Results, Discussion, and References headings. In turn, the Method section often has subheadings of Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure. Main headings (when the paper has either one or two levels of headings) use centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., Method, Results). Subheadings (when the paper has two levels of headings) use flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., Participants, Apparatus).

Text citations. Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. This is to give proper credit to the ideas and words of others. The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, e.g., Eby (2001). When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, e.g. (Eby and Mitchell, 2001; Passerallo, Pearson, & Brock, 2000). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first authors’ surname and “et al.” are used.

When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first authors’ surname and “et al.” the first and each subsequent time it is cited. When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin.

The references section begins on a new page. The heading is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the references heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have three components:

1. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors.

2. Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use “n.d.” in parentheses following the authors.

3. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book).

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Degelman, D. (2009). APA style essentials. Degelman, D. (2009). APA style essentials. Retrieved from http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796

Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00405.x 

Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved from http://jiv.sagepub.com/

Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00088.x 

Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm

Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-84). New York: Oxford University Press.

Template created by:

Nelson L. Eby – Graduate student of Computer Fraud Investigation

Columbian School of Arts and Sciences

The George Washington University

nelsoneby@hotmail.com

In collaboration with Dr. Douglas Degelman, Professor of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California

Augustinian vs Beowulf

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Word count: 908

Augustinian vs Beowulf

When compared to Augustine, Beowulf is rather more aggressive and prouder and always attached to what he believes as right in the eyes of the public. He appears to be deeply rooted in the life of perfection that he believes is the driver to do good and remain in harmony with his peers. While Augustine is driven by the belief that good is always the right energy and path to life, Beowulf shows mixed traits that are the key to his traits and behavior. Beowulf takes little regard of what the result of his action could bring and only shows concern when he achieves what he wants by claiming to be the hero in times of need. Beowulf’s on the other side believes in pushing his way and this has made him deviate from the real course of a hero who should be brave and still show the good side. Beowulf transform himself into a man who is in pursuit of recognition and this fills his mind as well as controlling every decision he made.

In his defense, Beowulf claimed that his actions and aggressive tactics were meant to keep his spirit alive and strong in fight for the survival of the society. One of the key traits portrayed by Beowulf was self-drive and he always acted alone in the search for what would bring fulfilment in his heart (Chance 55). He accuses those who stand in his way as the source of the problems that he faced as well as that of the society. In addition, Beowulf believes that he is not only strong and wise but the only hero who can redirect the community to its destination. “Anyone with gumption and a sharp mind will take the measure of two things: what’s said and what’s done.” ― Seamus Heaney, Beowulf One of the defining traits showed by Beowulf is the inclusive value for a life of self-drive but he cares less about how he affects and annoys those around him. In most occasions, Beowulf laments the many years he had wasted in living a double life that would have bene committed to realizing his dreams. There is a great contact between Augustine and Beowulf as they both behave and portray unique traits.

While Augustine takes a humble life and commits to realizing his own potential in seeking God, Beowulf is full of pride and believes that he is the foretold hero of the society. Tied to bis past and in search for self-realization, Beowulf is full of vigor to ensure he lives to be a hero. He is often blinded by his past and still his pursuit and drive for heroic recognition overshadows his own self. The behavior portrays the hidden behavior where he acts in solitary world to build what he views as the right angle to living his dream (Chance 63). The contrast between Augustine and Beowulf reveals in many areas both in behavior, emotional control, and the way they interact with their peers. “In the end each clan on the outlying coasts beyond the whale-road had to yield to him and begin to pay tribute. That was one good king.” One of the main ways Beowulf shows his trait is when confronted with challenges and forced to go out of his way to reveal what can achieve. In line this, Beowulf is sure that he has to fulfil his dream and thus acts in very mischievous ways as he tries to build a life that can accommodate what he believes as true and happy for him and those he loves (Chance 88). Augustine seeks to derive the right energy into making the best of his last days by seeking God’s guidance and repentance. Beowulf’s success and perceived heroic journey are the source of his pride that hinders his full capacity and humility.

Augustine is humble and seeks to regain his good deeds and make the right move in a bid to make things. In most instances, Beowulf acts in selfish ways that contradicts what most people perceive him to be including when his friends refer him as very calm and honest man. In this line, Beowulf is thus living a life where he contradicts his personality and this is mainly being driven by his search for a title. In contrast, Augustine makes a decision to live a life of humility as he searches for the truth and relief for what he perceives as a life of loss and pride. In self recollection, Augustine peruses peace and love and he is always seeking forgiveness and repentance from God. The traits showed by Beowulf and Augustine thus vary in their finals days as the both take a different view of life. One of the underlying and defining traits of Augustine is that he is tired of living a life of sin and arrogance and decides to seek repentance (Chance 76). On the other hand, Beowulf is still blinded by his past and now believes that he is still near to realizing his true heroic status. The behavior, actions, and decisions made by Beowulf are thus a reflection of what he is after as well as his life of selfishness and pride. In fact, Beowulf believes that he is in control of his life and so far, no one can shape what he thinks or change his destiny.

Work Cited

Chance, Jane. “Tolkien’s Classical Beowulf and England’s Heroic Age.” Tolkien Studies 15.1 (2018): 59-91.

Audience-Focused Communication Matrix

Axia College Material

Appendix B

Audience-Focused Communication Matrix

Use the matrix to complete the information. Write 3-4 sentences for each item.

What are some audience characteristics you need to consider?

What communication channels would be appropriate and why?

What would you do to ensure your message is effective?

What are some considerations you must keep in mind given the diversity of the audience?

Audience-Focused Communication

Audience Audience Characteristics Channels of Communication Strategies to Ensure Effective Messages Audience Diversity Considerations

Managers Management of team

Focus on bulding a competitive environment

Adaptable

Charmaistic

Great listener

Stable

Empathy

Email

Written and verbal communication The message should be precise and upto the point

Salespeople Assertive

Empathy Email

Verbal Focused on apoint Customers Looks for high value

Need to focus on fulfilling their needs and desires

Telephone

Verbal

The message send and the communication needs to be very persuasive All Looks for high value

Need to focus on fulfilling their needs and desires

Assertive

Empathy

Written

Verbal

Electronic Persuasive

Effiective

Precise

Asthronomy Lab

Asthronomy Lab

Name

Date

Asthronomy Lab

Phase I: Exploration

After logging into the given cite, I was able to see a total of twenty stars. They were appearing larger than the galaxies which are far away from the Earth. Because of the small size of the stars, I had to expand their image of being a little bit larger than they were before. It is only because of this that I managed to count the twenty stars.

The total number of galaxies was twelve. This was ascertained after identifying a section of the image as was directed. All the number of objects in a quarter of the image was counted. Thereafter, the finding was multiplied by four to reach at the total number of galaxies for the whole image. This can be demonstrated in the following calculation:

One quarter = 3

Whole image = 4X3 = 12

Some of the galaxies are orange-red in color, while others are white, and others are blue.

The most common color of galaxies in this object is the blue. According to my observation, it was the most prominent color which could be seen in most of the galaxies present in the object. I think this is because they are appearing to be more spiral than any other type of galaxy which always has a different color. In this regard, the galaxies have to show the blue coloring, so as to fulfill this condition.

The galaxies are relatively far. This is because they appear smaller than usual when viewed. However, this cannot be compared to the stars which are positioned far away. I think this is because of their formation. Often, the formation of the Milky Way is a very long process which involves a series of reactions. This explains why these spiral galaxies appear to be far away. However, this does not mean that their diameters will differ. They remain the same, since these are similar objects despite their varying distances from the Earth. They, therefore, have to appear far when viewed in such an image.

Phase II – Does the Evidence Match a Given Conclusion?

I would agree with the generalization that “nearby galaxies are equally split between circular-round and elongated spiral shapes”, because it is accurate and is not misleading at all. It is a true observation of what is happening during the formation of galaxies. The image shows a collection of 10,000 galaxies which were formed millions of years ago. Because of this, the nearby galaxies have to be split between themselves besides having circular round elongated shape. This is typical of a galaxy which must always be seen to be appearing at varying distances.

In this regard, I would like to agree with the student for making such an assertion. In fact, it is a right observation which gives the right information about the galaxy as seen by a telescope. He was right for making such a generalization.

Phase III – What Conclusions Can You Draw From This Evidence?

The distribution of galaxies is not even. This is because the formation of stars must have taken place during different times. The information presented in the table is quite accurate because it gives in-depth information about what is happening as observed by the Hubble Ultra Deep Field researchers. This is a clear indication that such a distribution of galaxies can show a variation in size and shape depending on the distance under which it was covered.

At the same time, galaxies can be of different colors because of the distances they occupy at any given time. Actually, a telescope can help in capturing thousands of galaxies which have lots of stars in them. This is what is seen in this Hubble Ultra Deep Field distribution given in the above study.

Phase IV – What Evidence Do You Need To Pursue?

It is true that there is a difference between the numbers of nearby and extremely distant galaxies. This is in line with lots of researches which have been done by different scholars in this field. It is also true that there are more distant galaxies than the nearby ones. This is because a typical study done some distances away may show galaxies far away to be more than the nearby ones which are seen as whole objects occupying a bigger space. Their long distance enables them to orbit far from the galactic core as compared to the nearby galaxies. This kind of opposing force between these galaxies determines the difference in their numbers.

This process of evidence description is long and entails a lot of steps. It involves a series of studies using a telescope. When charged with such a responsibility, I would go to the blog and analyze how this can be done. First, the researcher should have all the required materials used for looking at the different types of galaxies available in the object observed. Then, he should go ahead to calculate their distances before determining their respective colors and shapes.

Phase V – Formulate a Question, Pursue Evidence, and Justify Your Conclusion

Specific research question here would be: “Is galaxy appearing far or near?” When carrying out such a study, it is essential to follow all the laid procedures. This will begin from carrying out a baseline study, so as to be acclimatized with the actual situation before beginning the analysis. It involves series of studies using a telescope. When charged with such a responsibility, I would go to the blog and analyze how this can be done. First, the researcher should have all the required materials used for looking at the different types of galaxies available in the object observed. Lastly, sort out their shapes before concluding the work.

The conclusion base on evidence will be that distribution is random, making the stars appear smaller and much in number.

Summary

This test was carried out well. The galaxies appear to be unevenly distributed in the whole region. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field study is clear evidence that galaxies are in different sixes depending on their distance from the Earth. Those seen near the Earth are bigger than those located far away. At the same time, it is important to clarify that stars are smaller than the galaxies. This is clear evidence on the fact that they are also located as varying distances.

Assignment-5-Final-Draft

ASB Budgeting Issue with School BBQ’s

Prepared by

Name Here

ASB Vice President

Private High School Name

November 22, 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Executive Summary……………………………………………………………..………… 3

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…… 4

Behind the Scenes……………………………………………………….….………………. 5

What We Ask………………………………………………………….………………………6

Conclusion………………………………………….………………………………………… 8

Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Works Cited………………………………………………….…………………………..… 9

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURES PAGE

ASB Logo ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Your Invited …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

School Dance ……………………………………………………………………….………………….. 8

Executive Summary

Private School Name has been a great high school for me as I have grown up. However, with the recent changes to school policy that disallow the ASB from conducting its regular Friday school BBQ’s the Associate Student Body has lost more than half of its incoming funding.

The problem has raised concern to the ASB because we can no longer plan the same caliber of events that we were previously planning for the school. The ASB does not have a budget on a yearly or monthly basis given to it. The funding that the ASB used to plan the dances was generated by the weekly BBQ’s that it was performing as a service to the school.

I propose that the ASB be allowed to perform its weekly BBQ’s so that it can attain the funding needed to perform school wide events and keep the moral of students raised. If the ASB is not allowed to perform its BBQ’s to obtain funding then I would purpose that the school establishes a monthly or yearly budget for the ASB so that it can perform the duties that were previously expected of it.

INCLUDEPICTURE “http://clickspecialednz.com/wp-content/uploads/ASB-Logo-B-on-W-HR.jpg” * MERGEFORMATINET Introduction

The Associate Student Body of my old high school has been facing a problem for as long as I can remember. The ASB has been fighting a dilemma of underfunding for years now, and it has really put a hold on the high school experiences of many different kids at school. The problems I am referring to stem from the low attendance rate, which leads to underfunding for all departments of the school. Personally I was in many different organizations throughout my high school career. I played sports, sang in the choir, and even was elected Vice President of the entire school. My experiences at the high school were much different than that of the average high school student. Typically in your average high school class there are more than 500 people just in a single grade, at my high school I graduated with 17 others in total. Our school was small and underfunded, but it provided me a great education. Spending my almost my whole academic career at this school (2nd Grade – 12th Grade) I can definitely speak on behalf of the school and say with confidence that some aspects of the school were incredible while others were lacking terribly. ( Marguerite, 2009)

The particular aspect that I feel most needs to be addressed at my old high school was an issue with the ASB not being able to attain any funding for school wide events. The ASB at the beginning of the school year started with an average budget of between $500 and $1000 dollars. This was usually a bank left by the ASB of the previous year to help get the new ASB off to a running start. This amount of money is trivial when we realize that with this money has to be used to run most of the school events, and by the end of the year you have to have the same amount of money you started with. The initial funding of the ASB was usually used to purchase snacks and food for school wide events. Each day the ASB was allowed to sell snacks at the 15 minute break during the day. The snacks being sold usually consisted of candy bars, muffins, chips, soda, and water. These were mandated to be sold at a low price averaging between 50 and 75 cents per items. These low prices allowed students to be able to snack on something in the middle of the day for a low price. However with prices like these the ASB made little profit. (Calleros, 1995)

Usually with small profits which were limited further by the amounts of sales which averaged between $25 and $100. The ASB pulled in daily revenue, but frequently most of the money was put back into product costs. This left the ASB underfunded and unable to plan certain high school events such as Homecoming, Spring Formal, Sadie Hawkins Dance, and more. The ASB was not granted any tuition funding from the school and was therefore unable to plan nice events that the high school students deserved. To combat this problem the ASB initiated school wide fundraisers by sending “grams” during the holidays. Students were able to send letters from other students by buying gram from the ASB who then distributed the grams with a piece of candy. This made some initial profits for the ASB, but didn’t amount to the $1000’s of dollars needed to plan events that the ASB was responsible for. (Spaulding, 1918)

Finally the ASB came up with a way to make money that both the students enjoyed, and was profitable. The ASB began to do BBQ’s one Friday a month and ran them for profit. Students were able to purchase hamburgers, chips, and drinks, and more for a low price that offered the ASB some room to make some money. This BBQ’s proved to be very profitable for the ASB, and began to run BBQ’s on multiple Friday’s a month. Soon thereafter the school contested the BBQ’s because students were no longer buying the school provided lunches. The school was making money off of the lunches, but it was minuscule compared to the amount that the ASB was able to make for its Friday BBQ’s. The ASB’s funding was again cut off. This cutting off of funds left the ASB dry without money. This forced the ASB to charge students outrageous prices to come to dances and other events. Outraged by this I decided to write a proposal that outlined why the school should either provide a yearly budget to the ASB for events or allow the ASB the opportunity to make money from the school wide BBQ’s.

Behind the Scenes

The job of the ASB

The purpose of the ASB is to plan and provide for school related activities. The ASB has worked tremendously hard to provide an environment enjoyable to high school students of Calvary Christian School. The ASB currently has enough funding to run day to day school wide activities, however with the recent limiting of the school wide BBQ’s the amount of funding for after school activities has dropped. The ASB cannot provide decent events for high school students.

The needs of the ASB

The ASB needs to be provided with the ability to subsidize its own events or it needs to have funding provided by the school. The ASB has in the past ran BBQ’s for profit and been able to subsidize after school events by acquiring funds from the students who wish to have a good school lunch. Currently the school provides lunches each day of the week for a price of $4.00 per lunch, however recently the ASB has been debunked of its Friday BBQ’s because it has been dipping into the school’s lunch revenue. The ASB brings in an average of $400 in revenue each Friday it has a BBQ, however the school averages about $100 in revenue from its daily BBQ’s, this amount to $500 a week, or $400 a week if the ASB runs its BBQ’s on Fridays. The ASB would like to purpose that it be allowed to run its Friday BBQ’s or have the school subsidize the ASB its $400 a week.

The past funding of the ASB

In the past the ASB was able to run BBQ’s and subsidize its cost for 3 annual school dances. The average cost of these dances was around $4500 each that must be provided for by the ASB. This is to keep ticket prices low and around $40 per individual who wishes to attend any dance. These dances usually have around 100 attendees and results in a total cost of around $8500 for an event. These events are held 3 times a year. Previously the ASB was making on average about $1600 a month from school BBQ’s however now that the funding from BBQ’s has been removed the school dances can no longer be paid for by the ASB. Over the course of 3 months of BBQ’s the ASB was able to provide for the costs of the school dances. However now that the BBQ’s are being stopped the ASB can no longer afford to provide for the BBQ’s.

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What we ask

The proposal of the ASB

The ASB would purpose that the school either decides to subsidize the ASB’s school dances at the cost of $4500 per dance or allow us to continue having the school BBQ’s to fund our events. The ASB would further propose that if the school is truly upset about the revenue being lost from the lunch meals that the ASB would pay the school a dividend of $100 a week to be able to perform the school BBQ’s. This would be a comprisable point between the two arguments at stake. This way the ASB is still able to make an average of $300 off of its weekly BBQ’s, and the school does not take a $100 week revenue hit.

A breaking point

The ASB can no longer provide school dances for the students without some sort of compromise on this issue. Please consider funding our school dances or allowing us to be able to conduct the weekly BBQ’s. Without these school dances, morale of students would decrease and could possibly end up with even less students being able to come to the school. Right now the school is running most of its extracurricular programs with an extremely low budget. The ASB would like to be able to continue the dances without impacting the school’s budget at all.

Conclusion

A friendly agreement

The ASB would like to be as civil in its request for funding as possible. We would like to assume that the school realizes how much of a burden it creates for the ASB when it takes away its funding. The ASB cannot carry out its fundamental duties when it doesn’t have the necessary funds to do so. By keeping the ASB well-funded and happy the school provides the ASB with the opportunity to make the students happy with their experiences at school. Without money for nice events the ASB gets blamed, and therefore the school gets blamed for “lame” events.

The final decision

The final decision lies with the principal and the school board. The ASB hopes that we find favor with the school board by either allowing us to continue funding ourselves via school BBQ’s or that we would have an approved monthly or yearly budget set aside for school wide functions. The money is there for the school BBQ’s and the ASB is willing to do the work, we just ask that you and the school board are willing to let us. The ASB would hate to see its primary source of funding dropped. Please consider the hard working students of the school and how much they deserve to be rewarded for the effort that they put into their school work. (Finn, 1993)

A reminder

The ASB is more than willing to donate a percentage of its profits to the school lunch system so that any revenue that was previously being generated by the school lunch system can continue to be made. This should be a reasonable solution so that the school continues to generate its monthly lunch revenue, and the ASB is able to fund its school functions.

Recommendation

I highly recommend the reimplementation of the school BBQ’s. This ensures that both the school and the ASB continue to receive the money necessary for both parties to retain their budgets. The school cannot expect to have happy students without a happy ASB. With the Reimplementation of the BBQ’s the ASB will be more than happy to continue to serve the student of this great school.

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Works Cited

Marguerite, R. (2009). Breaking down school budgets.Education Next, 9(3), Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://educationnext.org/breaking-down-school-budgets-2/” http://educationnext.org/breaking-down-school-budgets-2/

Spaulding, F. (1918). The making of a school budget. The School Review, 26(9), 684-695. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.jstor.org/stable/1078320” http://www.jstor.org/stable/1078320

alleros, C. R. (1995). Training a diverse student body for a multicultural society. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/berklarlj8&div=12&id=&page” http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/berklarlj8&div=12&id=&page=

Finn, J. D. (1993). School characteristics related to student engagement. The Journal of Negro Education,62(3), 249-268. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.jstor.org/stable/2295464” http://www.jstor.org/stable/2295464

Assignment-4-Medical-Associates-5-pages-with-4-references-1

Medical Associates

HSA 525

Medical Associates is a large for-profit group practice. Its dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 7% per year into the foreseeable future. The firm’s last dividend (D0) was $2, and its current stock price is $23. The firm’s beta coefficient is 1.6; the rate of return on 20-year T-bonds currently is 9%; the expected rate of return is 13%. The firm’s target capital structure calls for 50% debt financing, the interest rate required on the business’s new debt is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%.

1. Calculate Medical Associates’ cost of equity estimate using the DCF method.

The company’s current stock price, Po, is $23, and its next expected annul dividend, E(D1), is $2. Thus, the firm’s Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) estimate of R(Re), according to the DCF model is: R(Re) = E(D1)/Po +E(g).

Answer 1 Last dividend 2

Dividend growth rate 7%

Current stock price 23

AS per DDM, Re = D1/P0 + g 16.30%

2. Calculate the cost of equity estimate using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

CAPM is a widely accepted finance model that specifies that equilibrium risk/return relationship on common stocks, it assumes that investors consider only one risk factor when setting required rates of return. Within the CAPM, the actual equation that relates risk to return is the Security Market Line (SML):

R(Re) = RF + [R(Rm) – RF] x b

R(Re) = RF + (RPm x b)

Answer 2  

Risk free return 9%

Beta 1.6

Return from market 13%

As per CAPM,  

Cost of equity = Rf+ (Rm – Rf)*β 15.40%

Managers can estimate the required rate of return on the firm’s stock, R(Re), given estimates of the risk-free rate, RF, the beta of the stock, (b) 1.6, and the required rate of return on the market, R(Rm). RM = to the expected market return is the return the investor would expect to receive from a broad stock market indicator such as the S&P 500 Index. For example, over the last 17 years or so, the S&P 500 has yielded investors an average annual return of around 8.10%. This estimate, in turn can be used as the estimate for the Firm’s cost equity.

3. On the basis of your answers to #1 & #2, what is your final estimate for the firm’s cost of equity?

Answer 3 CAPM, is a better measure among CAPM and DDM approach. Cost of equity 15.40%

4. Calculate the firm’s estimate for corporate cost of capital.

Weight Pre tax cost Post tax cost Weight*post tax cost

Debt 50% 10% 6.00% 3.00%

Equity 50% 15.40% 15.40% 7.70%

Cost of capital 10.70%

5. Describe the four (4) steps of capital budgeting analysis.

The four steps to capital budgeting are as follows:

1. Estimation of cash flows; the investment to be made is to be determined. The income from the project either in terms of profits or cash flows is to be estimated.

2. Assessment of riskiness of the cash flows; the riskiness of the project is to be compared to that of the existing projects of the firm.

3. Determining the appropriate discount rate; the discount rate to be used for the project is then determined according to the riskiness of the project and the proportions of various capitals used.

4. Finding the PV of cash flows; the last step is to discount the cash flows with the appropriate discount rate, to compute the present value of expected cash flows.

6. Describe how is project risk is incorporated into a capital budgeting analysis.

The risk involved in a project is reflected in its discount rate. The higher the risk of the project, the higher will be required return of the capital providers. Thus, the discount rate of the project is high. The risk thus reduces the present value of the project.

References

Cash vs. Accrual Accounting Methods. (2010). Retrieved December 5, 2010, from

AllBusiness.com: HYPERLINK “http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting-reporting/methods-standards-“http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting-reporting/methods-standards-

cash/1308-1.html

Gapenski, L. C. (2008). Healthcare Finance: An Introduction to Accounting and Financial

Management (4th ed.). United States: Health Administration Press.

Miller, C. (2008, Summer). The Equity Capital Gap. Retrieved November 1, 2010, from

Stanford University School of Business: http://nonprofitfinancefund.org/files/docs/2010/

ssir_summer_2008_equity_capital_gap.pdf

Assignment for Essay #4

ENG 010

Sarah E. M. Acunzo

Assignment for Essay #4

Assignment: For this assignment, you will use the skills you learned during the last 3 units to write a process analysis essay where you explain to the reader how to do something you are familiar with and relate it to your personal experience.

There are countless ideas you could utilize for this assignment, but here are some suggestions you can borrow or adapt in case you are stuck:

-how to repair, install, or operate something

-how to make some kind of food or craft

-how to celebrate or prepare for a certain holiday

-how to do a task at your job

-how to have a successful relationship, or to end one without hurting someone’s feelings

-how to reduce stress, get in shape, or exercise

-how to prepare for a test or presentation

-how to find a job, an apartment, or a car

-how to find time for both work and school

-how to prepare for a game or match as an athlete

-how to play a certain kind of game or sport

-how to teach a child how to read or anything else

-how to successfully live on your own

-how to do something you have talent for

Issues to Consider:

· Choose a topic that you are interested in and that you already know something about. You will not do research.

· Create a developed thesis statement that proves something. Express a thought or a feeling about the process that can be backed up in your body paragraphs. Do not just say there is a process.

· The steps of your process should be clear and explained with sufficient detail and examples. This essay will be slightly longer than your other essays.

· Each body paragraph should have a clear topic sentence. You will have a minimum of 7 paragraphs in this essay:

1 introduction, 2 or 3 where you explain the steps, 2 or 3 where you relate the process to your own personal experience (past, present, future), and 1 conclusion.

You may choose to have your paragraphs where to you relate the process to your personal experience come before you explain the process or afterwards. It is up to you.

Requirements: Your final draft of your essay should be a minimum of 7 paragraphs and 3 pages in length (typed and double spaced). This is a little longer than we have been doing.

Assignment 4 The Feeding Tube

HSA 515

Assignment 4: The Feeding Tube

Write a 4 to 6 page paper based on your answers to the corresponding questions for the following scenario:

Scenario:

June, a 34-year-old divorced woman diagnosed with severe anorexia, is hospitalized. Her doctors feel she may need to be placed on a feeding tube soon to save her life. Initially June agreed to the feeding tube. However, in the evening (before the tube has been placed), she became combative, disoriented, and refused to have the feeding tube placed. Her mother and father insisted that the feeding tube be inserted despite her refusal to allow it. Her ex-husband wishes to uphold June’s decision. The hospital administrators seek risk management for legal counsel.

Utilize your Showalter textbook and at least two other sources to answer the following questions:

Explain how the Patient Bill of Rights applies to this situation.

Based on the facts given in the scenario, would the patient be considered competent to decide? Explain your answer.

Explain the primary responsibility of June’s doctors.

Explain the primary responsibility of the hospital administrators.

Explain the hospital’s ethical obligations in this situation.

Explain the hospital’s legal obligations in this situation

ANSWER:

1. Explain how the Patient Bill of Rights applies to this situation.

The U.S constitution is called the supreme law of the land because it sets standards against which all other laws are judged. The constitution is a grant of power from the states to the federal government. The constitution is a grant of power from the states to the federal government. This grant of power to the federal government is both express and implied. The U.S congress levy and collect taxes, borrow and coin money, declare war, raise and support armies. Congress may also enact laws that are necessary and proper for exercising these expressive powers.

The first ten were ratified in 1791 which are known now as the bill or rights some rights include the following: the right to exercise freedom of speech, practice religion, be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures, bear arms in an organized militia, demand a jury trial, to be protected against self-incrimination and be accordance substantive and procedural due process of law. The bill of rights apply to this situation because June has the right to decide what she wants to do which means she has the right to eat or not eat because it’s her body. Since June initially agreed to have the feeding tube the Bill of rights shouldn’t really apply to her. But since June does have the right to do what she wants to do. This makes June justifiable and makes her have the right to actually decide what she wants to do. This means she has the right to not have the feeding tube inserted in her stomach. In this event it’s difficult to understand why she would do this to herself. June can also be considered suicidal because she is willing to actually risk her life and she could pose a threat on herself and others. The bill of rights does apply to June’s right this is why she is going to need to get legal counsel in order to continue with the feeding tube.

2. Based on the facts given in the scenario, would the patient be considered competent to decide? Explain your answer.

Anorexia is an eating disorder which is characterized by the refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. This can be coupled with a distorted self image.

They alter of how the affected individual evaluates and thinks about her or his body, food and eating. People with anorexia continue to feel huger but deny themselves all but very small quantities of food. Based on the facts of this scenario I believe that June the patient is not unable to decide whether to have the feeding tube.

At the time of the feeding tube she becomes combative and disoriented. This makes her unable to actually help herself out of this mess she has gotten into. This is because June has a disease and is refusing to eat this is considered an illness. June’s condition requires console and care in order for her to survive.

3. Explain the primary responsibility of June’s doctors.

The responsibility of June’s doctors is to make sure she gets the proper care and makes sure she eats the correct food. It’s important for June to understand that she has to eat food in order to survive. And also it’s very important June eats in order to survive in order live. It’s also important for the doctor’s to help June understand that this is a mental condition of how she evaluates herself. Also June needs to understand that this is a psychiatric disorder and that it requires immediate counsel in order to get past it. June needs to understand that the symptoms can include starvation and malnutrition which is common in this disease and that is can cause complications through every organ in her body. Some of these complications can cause rapid and dramatic weight loss. And even dieting which leads to being dangerously underweight. There is also a fear of gaining weight of becoming overweight. Some anorexia’s use laxatives and diet pills on a regular basis and may even engage in self-induced vomiting.

4. Explain the primary responsibility of the hospital administrators.

Hospital administrators are responsible for overall management of health services centers. The following polices are set by governing board of trustees, administrators plan and organize, direct and control coordinate medical and health services. This would include drug abuse treatment centers and long term care facilities. Their responsibilities are varied and usually require the cooperation of assistant administrators and the medical support staff.

The hospital is seeking risk management for legal counsel. This is important in order to save her life. With Anorexia this type of eating disorder can kill people with starving themselves to death. Individuals with anorexia have extreme weight loss which is 15% below the average person normal body weight. People with anorexia are very skinny but are still convinced they are still overweight. Many individual will refuse to eat in front of other people.

5. Explain the hospital’s ethical obligations in this situation. The hospital ethical obligation in this situation is important because their main objective is to save June life even if she refuses because of obsession to be thin. This disease of anorexia is a very serious and dangerous. There are many individuals that take this disease to far as to starve themselves to death. And in some circumstances some women don’t even care is they eat or not. More individuals with this disease are more concerned with how good they look than eating food. Many models suffer from this disease because of many people perception of being thin looks better than being average.

6. Explain the hospital’s legal obligations in this situation

The hospital’s legal obligation in this situation is to try to save June life from starving herself to death. It’s also June’s right to refuse help and deny it. But it’s the hospital’s legal obligation in this situation to try in any way possible to save June’s life. The hospital needs to make sure they get her legal consent before there is any feeding tube placed into her body. June needs to be aware of her care and that she is being helped by the hospital rather than being held against her will. This is why the legal counsel is important for her to go through in order to save her life. It’s also the hospitals obligation to educate her on certain issues that are affecting her mentally and psychically which can also be another factor in her suffering from this disease. Apparently June needs to be educated on the causes and reasons of her disease. Some cultural factors could have led to the promotion of thinness as the ideal female form in the western industrialized nations. This disease is likely to develop among certain environmental factors such as through gender and ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This is primarily true from non-European parents who are wealthy and are from white families this is based on statistics. Another factor that can influence this disease is because of particular professions such as models, actors and dancers. Another factor can be because of the constant pressure of being thin from the social media.

Reference

Showalter, J. S. (2008). The law of healthcare administration (5th ed.). Chicago: Health Administration Press.

Anorexia. (2011). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/26622/anorexia

For the American Heritage Dictionary definition:

counsel. (n.d.) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. (2003). Retrieved August 21 2011 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/counsel