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Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual and Transgender people face a lot of discrimination throughout the world as do many other minority g

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Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual and Transgender people face a lot of discrimination throughout the world as do many other minority groups. They face challenges in areas such as the workplace, housing, healthcare and other areas of their lives. While the constitution guarantees the freedom to every citizen, this is not always the case. Laws and provisions should be put in place to allow the LGBTs to live their lives as freely as other people, and to be the versions of themselves that they feel most comfortable with (Weeks 17).

There are many challenges that the LGBT s face. The first of this is health issues that stem from discrimination. When a member of the LGBT community comes out for the first time, those around them like the family members may not be accepting. lack of support leads to issues such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. LGBT are also at risk of other health issues. Many organizations have been formed to champion the rights of LGBTs, and such organizations have led to advancements regarding ensuring that LGBTs have equal rights. Such organizations include the National Center for Transgender Equality, Human Rights Campaign and the Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders.

There has been some advancement in the laws that seek to grant equal rights to LGBTs. The Supreme Court has made some landmark rulings including legalizing same-sex marriages nationwide, striking sodomy laws throughout the country and banning discrimination based on sexual orientation. Same-sex couples are also now allowed to adopt children, a critical step for those who want children but cannot have them biologically (Ball 53). When it comes to employment, the 2015 decision made by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was important. It banned discrimination in the workplace based on sexual orientation which was another win for the LGBT community.

Works Cited

Ball, Carlos A. The Right to Be Parents : LGBT Families and the Transformation of Parenthood. New York University Press, 2012.

International Association for Study of Sexuality, Culture Society. “Culture, Health &Amp; Sexuality.” Culture, Health &Amp; Sexuality., 1999.

Weeks, Jeffrey. Sexuality. 2nd ed., Taylor and Francis, 2013.

National Patient Security Objectives

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With a specific end goal to assess the wellbeing and the nature of tendencies to patients/occupants, the Joint Commission secures National Patient Security Objectives yearly. The reason for this area of Module 1 is to help you comprehend the National Patient Wellbeing Objectives and your part, as a part of the social insurance group, in advertising patient/occupant security.

At the point when a National Patient Security Objective turns into a standard; the objective number is resigned and is not utilized once more. In this way, you will find that few numbers are absent. These objectives beneath have particular prerequisites for ensuring patients/inhabitants and have been overhauled from the past year to wind up more particular in light of concerns from the field about assets required to agree to National Patient Security Objectives (The Joint Commission, 2012). The Joint Commission has endorsed one new National Patient Wellbeing Objective for 2012 that concentrates on catheter-related urinary tract disease for the healing facility and discriminating access clinic accreditation programs.

Objective 1: Recognize Tolerant Accurately

Use no less than two approaches to recognize patients/occupants. Case in point, utilize the patients/inhabitant’s name and date of conception. This is carried out to verify that every patient/inhabitant gets the pharmaceutical and treatment implied for them. (applies to Amb, BH, Crit Evaluate Hosp, Home, Hosp, Lab, LTC, Office Surg).

make beyond any doubt that the right patient gets the right blood when they get a blood transfusion: Match the blood or blood segment to the request; Match the patient to the blood or blood part; and Utilize a two-man check methodology or an one-individual confirmation procedure joined via mechanized distinguishing proof innovation, for example, bar coding. (applies to Amb, Crit Survey Hosp, Hosp, Office Surg).

Objective 2: Enhance Staff Correspondence

Get essential test results to the right staff individual on an auspicious premise.

Objective 3: Utilization Solution Securely

Reduce the probability of patient/occupant damage connected with the utilization of anticoagulant help. (applies to Amb, Crit Survey Hosp, Hosp, LTC).

Label all meds, prescription compartments, and different results on and off the sterile field other procedural settings. Note: Solution compartments incorporate syringes, prescription containers, and bowls.

Record and pass along right data around a tolerant prescriptions. Discover what prescriptions the patient is taking. Contrast those pharmaceuticals with new meds given to the patient. Verify the patient knows which drugs to take when they are at home. Advise the patient it is critical to bringing their up and coming rundown of meds each time they visit a specialist. (applies to Amb, BH, Crit Evaluate Hosp, Home, Hosp, LTC, Office Surg).

Objective 7: Anticipate Diseases

Use the hand cleanliness rules from the Places for Malady Control and Anticipation (CDC) or the World Wellbeing Association (WHO). Set objectives for enhancing hand cleaning. Utilize the objectives to enhance hand cleaning. (Applies to Amb, BH, Crit Survey Hosp, Home, Hosp, Lab, LTC, Office Surg).

Implement proof based practices to forestall focal line-related circulation system contaminations. (applies to Crit Survey Hosp, Hosp and LTC).

Implement the proof based practices to forestall medicinal services related contaminations because of multidrug-safe living beings in intense consideration healing centers. (applies to Crit Evaluate Hosp, Hosp).

Implement proof based practices for forestalling surgical site diseases.

References

Dains, J., Baumann, L., Scheibel, P. (2012). Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical

Diagnosis in Primary Care, 4th Edition.Sullivan, Jr., John B., Krieger, Gary R. (2011). Clinical environmental health and

toxic exposures.

Rondón, C; Canto, G; Blanca, Miguel (2010). “Local allergic rhinitis: A new

entity, characterization and further studies”. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Parker, M. E. & Smith, M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice.

(3rd ed.) Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company. Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. CarnegieMellonU .(2007). “Randy Pausch Last Lecture: Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”

Class 643 Discussion 2

Class 643 Discussion 2

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Class 643 Discussion 2

Defining the terms Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources from a policy perspective is important because the security and resilience of the two are principal priority areas, especially in the aspects preparedness, public awareness, training, and implementing activities and requisites (DHS, 2013). Defining these two terms from a regulatory perspective is important as key resources and critical infrastructure networks, systems and assets reside in specific jurisdictions, compliance and authority mandates, and regulatory standards that should be observed (DHS, 2008; Knapp & Langill, 2014). Defining the two from a management perspective is important because protecting them requires the integration of management functions such as coordination, planning, and risk management.

Adopting a unified public, private, and cross-agency approach to managing and protecting critical infrastructure as advocated by PPD21 and the NIPP is important due to strategic collaboration. Specifically, the joint efforts of partners in the private and public sectors and agencies help in attaining collaborative, flexible, inclusive, and proactive coordination, action, and information sharing essential in advancing critical infrastructure security and resilience (DHS, 2013; The White House, 2013).

The fact that a significant portion of the United States’ critical infrastructure is managed privately has implications for emergency management, raising concerns for national security and the handling of community and regional risks. The portion of critical infrastructure managed privately is increasingly aging, augmenting vulnerability to failure and susceptibility to evolving terrorist threats, hence creating challenges for national emergency management (FEMA 2011). I see the attempt to manage the 16 critical infrastructure sectors, which contain many national resources, as feasible but only when an aggressive and collaborative approach is adopted. Each of these sectors has a specific protection plan and unique man-made and natural threats and risks (Hemme, 2015). This necessitates a holistic and comprehensive approach that brings together the collaborative efforts of all players in the public and private sectors to attain feasible management.

References

DHS. (2008). A guide to critical infrastructure and key resources protection at the state, regional, local, tribal, and territorial level. Washington, DC. DHS.

DHS. (2013). NIPP 2013: Partnering for critical infrastructure security and resilience. Washington, DC. DHS.

FEMA. (2011). Critical infrastructure: Long-term trends and drivers and their implications for emergency management. Strategic Foresight Initiative. Washington, DC. FEMA.

Hemme, K. (2015). Critical infrastructure protection: Maintenance is national security. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(3), 25-39.

Knapp, E. D., & Langill, J. T. (2014). Industrial network security: Securing critical infrastructure networks for smart grid, SCADA, and other Industrial Control Systems, 2 Ed. Syngress.

The White House. (2013). Presidential policy directive/PPD 21–Critical infrastructure security and resilience. Washington, DC. The White House.

Class 607 Week 5

Class 607 Week 5

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Class 607 Week 5

The local power plant we analyzed based on the knowledge garnered from the red team handbook by TRADOC G2 Operational Environment Enterprise (2015) is Harbor Generating Station (HGS). Following the analysis, we identified three vulnerabilities that jumped out at us one of which includes regulatory and compliance concerns regarding environmental protection. The cumulative emission of particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, regeneration wastes, and other pollutants from HGS will increase, raising concerns about the plant’s compliance with environmental protection regulations. The second is the use of technology in observing effluent limitations. HGS must meet technology-based numeric effluent limitations established for cooling tower blowdown under the effluent limitation guidelines. These standards necessitate HGS to enhance its technologies to meet them adequately. The third vulnerability is the absence of physical tamper detection controls aimed at shielding HGS’s transmission systems and towers, control centers, transformers, and fuel delivery systems from tamper.

Based on our analysis, the aspects of HGS’s operations that we might seek to exploit are automation errors by maintenance and control room workers. We would target these because they can allow for easier access to information and generate large amounts of money for adversaries. HGS’s operators can improve their current security posture by augmenting surveillance, restructuring procedures and systems for error detection and avoidance, and implementing better training for error detection and rectification. In gathering our results, the process we used aligned with the three steps provided by the red teaming text. The first step entailed putting ourselves in potential adversaries’ circumstances and reacting to external stimuli as if they were real-life situations. The second involved developing some first-person questions that potential adversaries would ask concerning the circumstances. The last step involved developing action decisions and recommendations.

References

TRADOC G2 Operational Environment Enterprise (2015). The applied critical thinking handbook Vol. 7.0. Leavenworth, Kansas. University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies.

Class 607 Week 5 (2)

Class 607 Week 5

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Class 607 Week 5

After conducting a red team analysis of a local power plant based on what we understood from the red team handbook by TRADOC G2 Operational Environment Enterprise (2015), we identified three vulnerabilities that jumped out at us. One of these is the aging of the workforce. Aging means losing expertise, which translates to less reliability of the power system and augmented susceptibility to external threats such as disruption by natural phenomena and terrorist-related intrusions. The second vulnerability is security threats instigated by insiders. Contractors and employees of this local power plant who have authentic reasons for accessing the systems can change their motives and end up doing great harm to the systems by damaging physical assets and the entire power plant. The third is the lack of preinstalled physical tamper detection hardware to shield transmission systems and towers, transformers, control centers, and fuel delivery systems from internal and external tampering.

The aspects of the operations in this power plant that we might seek to exploit include automation errors by maintenance and control room workers. The operators in this power plant can improve their current security posture by redesigning systems and procedures for error detection and avoidance, augmenting surveillance, and implementing better error detection and correction training. The process we used to get to the results of our analysis was consistent with what we learned from the red teaming text, and it entailed three steps. The first of these steps included putting ourselves in the circumstances of a potential adversary and reacting to external stimuli as if it were a real-life situation. The second was to develop some first-person questions that the potential adversary would ask regarding the ensuing circumstances. The last step was to develop decisions and recommendations on the next course of action.

References

TRADOC G2 Operational Environment Enterprise (2015). The applied critical thinking handbook Vol. 7.0. Leavenworth, Kansas. University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies.

Class 607 Discussion

Class 607 Discussion 3

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Class 607 Discussion 3

The readings from Anderson et al. (2011), Hillson and Hulett (2004), IEC (2009) and PQRI (n.d) present essential insights into risk assessment. For instance, IEC (2009) presents a diagrammatic representation of the steps and phases to be considered in the risk assessment processes. After reading these materials and looking back to my initial risk assessment for day-long canoeing down Delaware River, I realized that the only part of the risk assessment process as provided by IEC (2009), which I overlooked in my first risk assessment, was the risk analysis stage. From my initial risk assessment, it is clear that I covered all the other three stages of the process, namely, risk identification, risk evaluation, and risk treatment, but I did not cover risk analysis. From what I understand from the readings, risks analysis entails considering the causes of risks, sources of risks, and their consequences, which are reflected in updated risk assessment.

In my initial assessment, I delineated risk treatment for each risk. Some different ways to treat risks that were not covered in this assessment could include but not limited to providing directorate’s mandatory procedures, a prior inspection of canoeing locations on the river for potential hazards, availing first aid equipment, and supervising the pacing and rest stops of canoeing participants. Different ways of treating risk in other scenarios beyond the canoeing exercise include risk acceptance, avoidance, transfer, mitigation, and retention. Lastly, an organization’s risk appetite is determined by the company’s risk attitude and risk capacity (Anderson et al., 2011). While risk attitude is the enterprise’s approach to handling risk, which can entail a risk-seeking or risk-averse approach, risk capacity refers to the amount of risk the enterprise can bear.

References

Anderson, R., Aujla, B., Clatworthy, G., Garrini, R., Galileo, S., Hopkin, P., …, & Williams, C. (2011). Guidance paper: Risk appetite and tolerance. London. Institute of Risk Management.

Hillson, D. A., & Hulett, D. T. (2004). Assessing risk probability: Alternative approaches. In Proceedings of PMI Global Congress (pp. 1-5).

International Electrotechnical Commission [IEC]. (2009). Risk management – Risk assessment techniques. International Standard. IEC.

Product Quality Research Institute [PQRI]. (n.d). Hazard & Operability Analysis (HAZOP). In Manufacturing Technology Committee – Risk Management Working Group: Risk Management Training Guides. Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI).

Class 607 Discussion 3

Class 607 Discussion 3

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Class 481 Discussion

Efforts should be made to balance safety and privacy by ensuring that intelligence gathering strategies for national threat investigations are balanced against citizen privacy rights (Holt, Bossler, & Seigfried-Spellar, 2017). Difficulties in maintaining such a balance were apparent in Edward Snowden’s revelations regarding information collection processes adopted by GCHQ and NSA, raising questions whether Snowden was a hero or a traitor. From a critical outlook, Snowden is both a traitor who undermined ethical aspects of national security and a hero protecting individual privacy rights for several reasons.

On the one hand, Snowden is a traitor for three reasons. Firstly, he adopted questionable approaches to leak the information on Karma Police and classified NSA documents. Rather than utilizing ethical and legal avenues for patriotic whistleblowing, Snowden delivered information to foreign journalists, encumbering them the tasking role of deciding which of the documents he had stolen should reach the public and which should be treated as confidential. Secondly, he was not willing to face the consequences of his actions. If Snowden was genuine and believed that his actions were honorable, he would not have escaped away from the U.S. but would have confidently remained there to bear the consequences. Lastly, Snowden damaged his country’s foreign relations because most of the information he leaked related to the United States espionage on foreign operations in other countries (Holt, Bossler, & Seigfried-Spellar, 2017).

Conversely, Snowden is a hero for three reasons. Firstly, his revelations of illegal U.S. government’s activities sparked a global discourse regarding surveillance, which prompted the government to change its laws towards superior protection of Americans’ right to privacy (Holt, Bossler, & Seigfried-Spellar, 2017). Secondly, he demonstrated some sense of responsibility by revealing information about illegal practices and not U.S. military intelligence and diplomatic conversations. Lastly, Snowden paid an immense price in defending citizens’ liberty in that he risked his freedom to reveal how the U.S. government was jeopardizing their civil liberties.

References

Holt, T. J., Bossler, A. M., & Seigfried-Spellar, K. C. (2017). Cybercrime and digital forensics: An introduction. Routledge.

Class 607 Discussion 1

Class 607 Discussion 1

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Class 607 Discussion 1

The role of a private industry security officer entails enhancing the company’s capability to meet security requirements, ensuring compliance with industry security these prerequisites, and being accountable for contract security programs. So, the roles of the officer include protecting and safeguarding organizational property and people from criminal activities, monitoring areas continually for security, reporting incidences of insecurity, instructing security personnel on security engagements, and maintaining organizational security clearances. Also, the private industry security officer secures assets and information, conducts security briefings and drills, raises security awareness, and updates and upgrades individual security reliability statuses. The role of a chief security officer in the development of a business continuity plan for a corporation involves ensuring data protection, conducting due diligence of dealers, facilitating compliance management, addressing security risks, and integrating risk mitigation strategies (Wackrow, 2017).

The evolving threats and security priorities that are of greater concerns to private industry security professionals than to public security professionals are business intelligence, digital information security and cybersecurity, functional threat intelligence, identity management, and security information and event management (SIEM) as suggested by Fruhlinger (2018). In the last 20 years, the role of the chief security officer has evolved to become a mission-critical business service spanning broad risk areas that range from vendor due diligence and data protection to business continuity regulatory prerequisites, addressing the ever-changing security risk landscape, and managing compliance (Wackrow, 2017). The integration of security in business operations impacts the skills, knowledge, and traits needed to be an effective chief security officer in two ways. Firstly, such integration necessitates a CSO to be endowed with technical skills in information technology, along with the knowledge of comprehending the relationship between information technology security strategy and business strategy (Karana, 2017). Secondly, the integration impacts a CSO’s traits and skills by requiring them to be an effective strategist with sound collaboration, negotiation, and communication skills, strategy formulation and execution competencies, and change management capabilities (Onibere, Ahmad, & Maynard, 2017).

References

Fruhlinger, J. (May 8, 2018). What is a CSO? Understanding the critical chief security officer role. IDG Communications, Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.csoonline.com/article/2122505/what-is-a-cso-understanding-the-critical-chief-security-officer-role.html.

Karanja, E. (2017). The role of the chief information security officer in the management of IT security. Information & Computer Security, 25(3), 300-329.

Onibere, M., Ahmad, A., & Maynard, S. B. (2017, July). The chief information security officer and the five dimensions of a strategist. In PACIS (p. 77).

Wackrow, J. (2017). The evolving role of the chief security officer. IDG Communications, Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.csoonline.com/article/3173067/the-evolving-role-of-the-chief-security-officer.html.

Class 418 Week 4 Discussion

Class 418: Week 4 Discussion

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Class 418: Week 4 Discussion

In 5 to 10 years’ time, malware will have become more sophisticated and complex. Malware will grow exponentially and there will be a shift from how malware is socially engineered to leveraging new ways of targeting victims. Cyber-attackers, malware authors and engineers, and hackers will utilize high-tech machine learning techniques for victim identification and targeting and outpace defenders by churning and generating multiple thousands of new malware versions with functionally new malicious codes each day to their advantage as Bakdash et al. (2018) submit. This will enable them to exploit changes in the epidemiological patterns and technical details of malware, hence remaining ahead of defenders. Ransomware attackers will leverage the internet of things to create the internet of insecure things characterized by high-level vulnerabilities of systems to rapid remote manipulation, with the collateral damage of compromised systems going beyond the innocent individuals who will get compromised through faults they never committed.

Some of the technologies that hackers might be targeting with their malware in this time frame are technologies that make it easy for them to compromise victims’ information. Such technologies include 5G networks, functional quantum computing, artificially generated deepfakes, the internet of things, and digital media. They are likely to target these technologies because they facilitate quick decryption and cracking of encrypted data, data brokerage, identity manipulation, and the hijacking of communications while allowing high speeds of compromising systems and networks at corporate, individual, and society levels. Also, these technologies will be hackers’ primary targets because they lessen the timeframes of solving algorithmic problems needed in encryption of data and bypassing security protocols, making their hacking work easier than it is currently.

References

Bakdash, J. Z., Hutchinson, S., Zaroukian, E. G., Marusich, L. R., Thirumuruganathan, S., Sample, C., … & Das, G. (2018). Malware in the future? Forecasting of analyst detection of cyber events. Journal of Cybersecurity, 4(1), tyy007.

Class 3 Week Discussion 1

Class 3: Week Discussion 1

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Class 3: Week Discussion 1

Galinec, Možnik, and Guberina (2017) suggest that cybersecurity or information technology security is the practice of protecting and guarding data, networks, digital and electronic systems, computers, mobile implements, and servers from malicious digital attacks or cyber-attacks. These attacks are usually instigated to access, change, alter, or destroy sensitive information, gather politically motivated information, extort money from information owners or interrupt regular processes in businesses (Cisco, n.d).

Critical infrastructure refers to the collection of physical and virtual assets, processes, facilities, systems, networks, technologies, and services essential to the security, health, economic wellbeing, and safety for citizens and their governments’ effective functioning (Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, 2019; Tiirmaa-Klaar, 2016). The Government of Canada (2019), suggests that critical infrastructure can be interdependent and interconnected across territories, states, and national borders or operate as stand-alone establishments.

Studying cybersecurity as it relates to critical infrastructure is important because it equips one with the knowledge of defending and protecting the sixteen critical infrastructure sectors whose systems, assets, and networks are critical to the nation’s wellbeing, security, and safety. The disruptions, destruction, or incapacitation of these sectors can have devastating impacts on public health and safety, national economic security, and national security, which can culminate in catastrophic loss of life, momentous harm to public confidence, and adverse economic ramifications (Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, 2019; Knapp & Langill, 2014; Isle of Man Government, 2018). Also, studying cybersecurity and its associations with critical infrastructure is imperative because it enables one to know the key security operations, protocols, functions, control systems, and applications for protecting the critical infrastructure that includes detecting, investigating, and remediating digital attacks that target critical infrastructure (Knapp & Langill, 2014). Thirdly, studying cybersecurity allows one to comprehend the dynamics of strengthening and maintaining resilient and securely functioning critical infrastructure.

One aspect of computing technology that most concerns me is the concept of virtualization. As virtualization in the contemporary world continues to expand from personal computers to servers, routers, and other technologies, many think that this will provide higher levels of control. However, I am concerned that cyber terrorists will find new ways of leveraging virtualization to create sophisticated virtual tools capable of destroying lives and property in great magnitudes. Another aspect that most concerns me is the growing over-reliance on intelligent machines. This concerns me because sooner or later, people’s social and cognitive abilities will be eroded by the deep dependence on automated machines, hence destroying their capacities for interactions and independent action and thinking.

References

Cisco. (n.d). What is cybersecurity?. San Jose, CA. Cisco. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-cybersecurity.html#~related-topics.

Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency. (March 03, 2019). Critical infrastructure sectors. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.cisa.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors.

Galinec, D., Možnik, D., & Guberina, B. (2017). Cybersecurity and cyber defence: national level strategic approach. Automation: Journal of Automation, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, 58(3), 273-286.

Government of Canada. (2019). Critical infrastructure. Government of Canada. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/crtcl-nfrstrctr/index-en.aspx.

Isle of Man Government. (2018). National cyber security strategy. Isle of Man Government.

Knapp, E. D., & Langill, J. T. (2014). Industrial network security: Securing critical infrastructure networks for smart grid, SCADA, and other Industrial Control Systems, 2 Ed. Syngress.

Tiirmaa-Klaar, H. (2016). Building national cyber resilience and protecting critical information infrastructure. Journal of Cyber Policy, 1(1), 94-106.