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Create a quotes page that will list all of the possible information you could use from your sources

Quotes

ASSIGNMENT

Create a “quotes” page that will list all of the possible information you could use from your sources. The plan is that the information in this page is quotable, worthy of paraphrase, or able to reference in some way in the final paper. You must include all of the source information (in MLA, APA, or CMS format) after each block of information. You may organize your page in any of the following three ways:

Organization of quotes 1—using the working bib, add the copied information under each citation. Follow every chunk of information with an in-text citation, as well.

 

Organization of quotes 2—create an unorganized list of copied information from your sources. Follow every chunk of information with an in-text citation.

 

Organization of quotes 3—create section headings to organize the information, and then include the appropriate information within each section. Follow every chunk of information with an in-text citation. Example sections could be: Definitions, Topic History, Proponents of My Argument, Opponents of My Argument, etc.

When copying the information into your document, be sure that you are copying it exactly as it appears in the original. Be careful not to retype information incorrectly (typos, skipping lines, skipping words, etc), otherwise you will have incorrect information from which to quote, paraphrase, or reference. Use quotation marks around the information so you remember that you have copied the information exactly. Be sure to also have the correct in-text citation after every quotable bit, otherwise your page is nigh useless when it comes time to type your essay.

The purpose of this activity is to help you minimize a giant stack of sources to just a small collection from each source of the information that you might want to actually use in your essay. While you can look back at your sources any time, it is often helpful to have a single document that contains things you might want to quote, paraphrase, reference. This minimizes stress and workload when you’re trying to write your final essay. Try this activity, and if you like it, you might want to use it for all of your research endeavors in the future. If you hate it, at least you tried it.

Here is a brief example, using MLA format, of what your document might look like if you chose option #3:

History

“In 1911, there were 50 Himalayan kittens adopted in the United States” (Smith 32).

“Himalayan cat breeding has become a hobby of many cat lovers. Very often, the Himalayan’s are bred with other pure breeds for a unique and equally treasurable mix” (Williams and Thompson 405).

QUOTES INFORMATION

In your essay, you will use your research to refer, discuss, analyze, and argue with or against. Remember, the point of the essay is to join the conversation on the topic, which means you must in some fashion acknowledge the conversation. Any reference to another source must be accompanied by a Works Cited page. If you want to look at it this way, these references are part of your “ethos,” or let’s even call them your references at the end of your resume if you want. They prove that everything you’re saying isn’t b.s.

When it comes to acknowledging others in the field, depending on your field of study, you’ll reference the sources using a particular citation style that emphasizes what’s most important in that field.

The sciences use what is called APA (American Psychological Association) because science values the date of publication, so all references using APA will emphasize the date of publication.

The journalists and publishers use CMS (Chicago Manual of Style) to emphasize notes and remarks directly on the same page as the original text.

There are other lesser known source styles that radiologists and other fields will use, such as AMA.

In the humanities, we use MLA (Modern Language Association) because we value most the researcher and source.

All of these styles achieve the same goal: give credit to the author with in-text citations for quotes and paraphrases and a works cited page/annotated bibliography for complete source information. The styles differ only in how the sources are listed and what information is listed.

No matter if you’re quoting, paraphrasing, or using an idea, you must cite your source. A common mistake is that if it’s not quoted, it doesn’t have to be cited. WRONG. If you use anything from another source, you must cite that both in the text and in the works cited page. Make sure the in-text citations and the works cited page match exactly. There cannot be works in the works cited page that are not cited with parenthetical citations in the text, and there cannot be parenthetical citations in the text that are not listed in the works cited page.

QUOTING

A quote is something you do, not something you find in a text, meaning, you’re not looking for “quotes” in a text. Don’t think you’re scanning a text for sentences in quotation marks. What you’re looking for is something, anything, the source has said that sounds impressive and helpful for your essay. You’re looking for sentences or statements that support you, argue against you, summarize your point, or just sound very witty. If you find something like that, and it happens to be worded so perfectly that you want to use it exactly how it appears, then mark the sentence(s). In your essay, you’ll copy the words as “quotes” by putting the sentences in quotation marks to show the words are not your own but instead from the original source.

Rule of thumb: quoting makes you look like a good researcher. It’s more impressive to use quotes than to steal words. Give the original credit for the words by placing the quotation marks and citing in the text. If the original source has already quoted something, you’ll use single quote marks around what the original quoted: “Kirkpatrick mentioned in his text that the ‘language is always evolving’” (Payne 23).

Length: Avoid quoting anything over 10 lines long. 10 lines is waaay to long for a quote. If you’re quoting that much, then you can very likely cut out most of the words in the quote or paraphrase instead of directly quoting. When quoting anything, be sure to look up such things as Block Quotes, and Ellipses for editing sentences and words in the quotes. You want to quote appropriately. For a taste of what the MLA handbook has to offer, what do you do if your quote is over 4 lines or 42 words? Better check the handbook!

Sample 1:

“Thus, though the firepower of contemporary militaries appears to be going off the scale, in some respects smart weapons are less cruel than what they supplant” (Easterbrook 19).

Sample 2:

Michael Kelly writes, “You couldn’t turn around without seeing something taken out” (21). Another writer noted that President Bush remarked “These weapons are miraculous, but we can’t lead people to believe that we’ve hit every target” (Barnes 16).

PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing is similar to quoting in that you have found a useful sentence or two to use in your essay. The difference is that the idea is too long to quote, you’ve already used too many quotes, or the wording isn’t very good. Paraphrasing is far more common than quoting since a writer is better able to keep the flow of an essay and incorporate more sources by summarizing what a source says rather than directly quoting. Quoting breaks the flow of an essay, no matter how you look it, because it is the words of someone else, not yours.

To paraphrase, simply rephrase the original to your own words. The error in paraphrasing is when not enough is changed from the original. Many times, writers will believe they’re paraphrasing when they’re actually plagiarizing because they’ve only changed a word or two of the original.

Sample:

Original Source: Critical care nurses function in a hierarchy of roles.

Incorrect Paraphrasing: Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles (Chase 156).

Better Paraphrasing: Chase describes how nurses in a critical care unit function in a hierarchy that places designated experts at the top and the least senior staff nurses at the bottom (156).

Quality Paraphrasing: In her study of the roles of nurses in a critical care unit, Chase also found a hierarchy that distinguished the roles of experts and others (156).

USING AN IDEA

During your research, you’ll need to gather background information or even read multiple sources on the same topic. When you start writing the essay, you’ll find yourself using that background information or wanting to include some piece mentioned by several authors. It’s doubtful you’ll quote any of it since it’s not that important to the essay, and it’s even doubtful you’ll paraphrase it. But, you just might want to in some fashion incorporate the idea expressed in the original source(s). Well, if this idea isn’t something that you came up with off the top of your head or isn’t “common” knowledge to the Average Joe, then you still must cite it. Just let us know where you read the information through an in-text citation. There is no need for quote marks. Just cite the idea. If the idea came from several sources, then cite them all! If the idea came from a single page, then give the single page, but if it came from multiple pages (say an entire chapter), then give a page range. Give the reader enough to go by in case s/he wanted to read the idea from the original source.

Sample 1:

The critics’ reactions to Orwell’s writing style in 1984 is wrong. Most critics charge that the novel’s style is dry and lifeless, attributing this either to Orwell’s career as a journalist or to the novel’s dreary topic (Keis 229-31).

Sample 2:

Indeed, the few critical remarks about Orwell’s use of language have generally been negative (Keis 229-31; Walker 43-50; James and Parker 20; Wilkinson 541).

For this assignment:

Writing an essay is stressful and even intimidating. Completing your research before you write the paper will help ease the stress and even the time you spend writing the essay, as you will have found plenty of ideas and helpful information about the topic to guide your essay, and you won’t have to stop mid-page to spend another day doing research (which means by the time you get back to the essay, you’ve probably lost the motivation). The “quotes” segment is where you prepare everything for the writing of the paper so you don’t stop the essay-writing flow once it’s started.

For this section, you’ll peruse the sources from your Annotated Bibliography to see what’s helpful, what’s not, and what else might be out there to add. As you work through the sources, mark the information. Don’t highlight every paragraph. Don’t underline everything. Just mark what will be the most useful for your essay. What you mark is what you’ll have sitting on your desk as you type your essay so you can refer to as you type. If you’ve highlighted pages and pages of text, you’ll get stuck in re-reading what you’ve already read. So be stingy with your markings.

Compile everything in whatever way works for you. Some researchers prefer to keep their original sources handy during the writing of the essay in case they want to look back at the source for context or additional information. If this interests you, then mark directly on the source by highlighting and underlining or making notes.

Other researchers can’t stand the stack of books and articles—such a mess! They prefer a tidy multi-page document that lists only the information they plan to use. If this is you, copy/paste or type the possible quotes and the important information you might want to use for your essay, then you’ll have everything in one document, and you can trash the originals.

If you’re a really organized person, you might even want to copy/paste or type the quotes and information directly into your annotated bibliography so that everything is together.

Either way, be sure to note on all photo copies and all copied/pasted quotes and tid bits the MLA-required information for each source. Otherwise, you’ll be in the middle of typing your essay and want to use that fabulous quote you found, but, you won’t remember what book, author, or page number it came from—which means you cannot use it, no matter how good it is.

Create A Scoring Rubric For An Essay Exam

Create A Scoring Rubric For An Essay Exam

Author

Institution

Introduction

The United States civil war was arguably one of the most monumental occurrences in the history of the country. The war took place between 1861 and 1865 and resulted in more than 618,000 casualties. There exists quite a number of explanations as to why the war occurred or took place in the first place. However, it is obvious that the civil war’s causes may be traced back to the tensions that had formed quite early in the history of the nation. Varied scholars have taken it upon themselves to explain the causes of the War that pitted the various American states against each other. Sectional tension that was enshrined in the constitution led to a brutal war that cleaved the United States into two. Many have floated the idea that slavery was one of the primary causes of the conflict. At the end of the war, the Thirteenth Amendment eliminated the practice but race relations went on dominating the American politics, as well as the society in the following days. Scholars have the opinion that, the civil war had a silver lining or some impressive results in the form of increased economic power of the nation up to the time when it rivaled and even surpassed that of many countries. In addition, Americans gained a new sense of brotherhood and a sense of being components of one nation rather than a conglomerate of states with distinct histories and institutions. As much as there is agreement as to the result of the American civil war, there is relative variation as to opinions on the causes or triggers of the Civil War.

One of the most touted causes of civil war is the social and economic variation between the South and the North. After the cotton gin had been invented in 1793, the profitability of cotton increased tremendously. The machine reduced the time taken to separate cotton from the seeds (Elkins, 1987). It is worth noting, however, the increased number of plantations that were to be converted to cotton from other crops meant an increase in the demand for cheap labor, which was in the form of slaves. In essence, the southern economy evolved into a single crop economy (Elkins, 1987). The northern economy, on the other hand, was primarily industrial rather than agricultural. It goes without saying that these two different modes of production brought about differences as far as the economic situation in the North and the South was concerned. The economic disparity between the North and the South brought about a key variation in their economic attitudes (Elkins, 1987).

Other scholars opine that the civil war was triggered by the struggle between the federal and state rights. After the Revolution, there emerged two camps. One camp wanted the control by the federal government to be increased whereas the other group wanted the state to have enhanced control. The constitutional convention came up with the United States’ Constitution, after the federal government was seen as weak (Craven, 1957). However, strong proponents of increased control of the States such as Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were absent at the convention. It is worth noting that, many people felt that the new constitution did not pay attention or any regard to the rights of the states as far as acting independently was concerned. They opined that states should incorporate certain rights to decide whether they were willing to ramify certain federal acts (Craven, 1957). This led to the idea on nullification, in which case states had the right to render the acts of the federal government unconstitutional. The nullification did not work, and states felt that their rights were not respected in which case they wanted secession (Craven, 1957).

In addition, the war was triggered by the fight pitting nonslave state and slave proponents. There was the contention on whether new states that were admitted into the union had to be slave free (Jaffa, 2009). The Missouri Compromise that was passed in 1820 had a rule that barred slavery in the states of the former Lousiana Purchase. Apart from the issue on slavery, there was the contention over the Kansas-Nebraska Act made in 1854. This act established new territories and allowed the states to decide on whether to be free or encourage slavery through popular sovereignty. It is worth noting that Kansas stood against slavery while Missouri supported slavery (Jaffa, 2009). Missourians moved to the state trying to force it to be a slave state. This triggered violence in Lawrence Kansas with a fight even erupting in the floor of the senate where Charles Sumner, an antislavery proponent, was beaten by South Carolina’s Preston Brooks. This tension between proslavery states and antislavery states led to the civil war as every state tried to establish its authority on this matter (Jaffa, 2009).

In addition, scholars opine that the growth and development of the abolition movement. It is worth noting that the Northerners had grown increasingly polarized against slavery. There was an increase in sympathies for people fighting against slaveholders and slavery, as well as abolitionists (Litwack, 1961). This took place especially after some key events such as the passage and enactment of the Fugitive Slave Act. This piece of legislation held people responsible for housing or harboring fugitive slaves even in cases where they were situated in states that were nonslaves. This tension created by this piece of legislation and the increased sympathies for abolitionists and against slaveholders and slavery in general resulted in violence among states (Litwack, 1961).

There are also scholars who believe that the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 triggered the civil war. It is worth noting that, after his election, South Carolina issued what was called “the Declaration of the Causes of Secession”. This state believed that Abraham Lincoln was favoring the interests of the North and was against slavery (Zarefsky, 1990). In addition, it is worth noting that prior to Abraham’s election as president, about seven states had separated or seceded from the union. These were Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas and South Carolina. This triggered tension between the states that were for the election of Abraham Lincoln and those that were against it (Zarefsky, 1990).

As much as there were variations in the probable causes of the American Civil War, it goes without saying that the key or primary cause was the issue of slavery. Scholars have varied causes that they believed as having triggered the civil war, but it is evident that they had a common denominator in slavery.

However, it is evident that there were variations in the things that triggered the tension. For some, it was the variation in economic between varied states, whereas others had a problem with the election of Abraham Lincoln. In some cases, it was the variation between the state control and the position of the federal government as far as governing is concerned.

Rubric Template

This rubric template attempts to outline the performance of the varied schools of thought as to the causes of the American Civil war. It measures the performance of the proponents using an essential criterion for the task, as well as performance levels. These are represented using the numbers 1 to 4, with 1 representing poor performance, 2 for satisfactory, 3 for good and 4 for excellent.

Analytical Scoring Rubric

1= poor 2= satisfactory3= good4=excellent

Aspects Criteria (Descriptions of Scoring Levels) Score

Editorial Aspect 1:

Thinking and inquiry. Provides a clear focus of the project. States clearly the motivation behind the cause. 4

Attention-grabbing right from the start. Description of a clear purpose behind the theory or cause Provides a clear connection to affirming or adding diversity. Editorial Aspect 2:

Organization

The paper has a clear beginning, middle and an end 3

It is easy to see the connections to affirming the theory. The relationship between the class topic and the theory presented is clear. It is not confusing and is understandable to all. Editorial Aspect 3:

Creativity

There is a clear authenticity and distinctiveness of effort. 3

It is thought-provoking. It triggers an emotional response. It offers strong “otherness” expression. Editorial Aspect 4:

Knowledge and understanding

Thorough research that goes beyond the class lecture. 4

The presentation is effective and imaginative and effective passing the message to the reader. The paper covers all the questions and presumed assumptions of the reader.

The paper shows how the assumptions made and the perceptions may have been altered. Content Aspect 1:

Conventions

All punctuation, grammar and spelling have been done correctly. 2

The paper is typed, well formatted and numbered appropriately. The paper is neatly presented. The subject-verb agreement is taken into consideration. Content Aspect 2:

Reflection

The paper clearly indicated how the ideas presented may affect future lessons. 4

The paper is open and honest to the varied ideas presented. The paper demonstrated a deep and clear understanding of history using accurate and relevant detail to support the main idea. The paper is centered around a thesis that exhibits a highly developed awareness of the social and histographic issues, as well as a high conceptual capability. Content Aspect 3:

Communication The paper shows depth of historical understanding through the incorporation of accurate and relevant detail to support the main idea. 3

The paper has a clear analytical structure with a precise thesis statement. The flow of the paper captures the attention of the reader with a clear line of development. All the possible questions of the reader are clearly answered in the paper. Content Aspect 4:

Grammar and format The rules of the grammar, word usage, spelling and punctuation are in line with the formal, written work. 2

The text, reference pages and the title page are entirely in line with the APA format. All information and ideas from outside sources is appropriately cited in the text. The pages in the paper are appropriately numbered. References

Jaffa, HV (2009). Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 50th Anniversary Edition. New York: Chicago University Press

Elkins, SM, (1987). Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. New York: Chicago University Press

Craven, AO (1957). The Coming of the Civil War. New York: Chicago University Press

Litwack, LF (1961). North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States. New York: Chicago University Press

Zarefsky, D (1990). Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate. New York: Chicago University Press

(Zarefsky, 1990) (Litwack, 1961) (Craven, 1957) (Elkins, 1987) (Jaffa, 2009)

Create Guidelines and a two year Plan for Starting a New Theater Company

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Create Guidelines and a two year Plan for Starting a New Theater Company

Many artists including actors play wrights and directors often look forward to earning their own play houses. Owning a play house or theatre is a prestigious achievement that both artists and business persons dream of attaining. Successfully starting a theater is a stepwise process that requires prior planning and a clear understanding of both the internal and external factors that influence its performance in different ways. The organization of the respective theater house also plays an important role in influencing its success.

It is also important to understand the reasons behind the formation of the theater in order to align its operations to the established goals and objectives. To attain this, it is important to undertake good planning and establish a solid foundation that would yield optimal and sustainable results long after the project has been completed. This is particularly important because starting up a theater requires substantial financial and labor resources. The following guidelines offer useful insights that an individual needs to be aware of during the setting up of a new theater company.

In his research, Webb argues that although setting up an individual theatre is an exciting venture, it involves a lot of patience as well as hard work to be able to come up with desirable outcomes. Although artistic talents would be required to keep the theater running, it is vital to place equal emphasis on the business aspect of the theater. The first step towards establishing a theater pertains to making a decision or decisions about the managerial structure. Generally, the management would be responsible for making decisions regarding various aspects of the theater. They also involve themselves in making vital decisions about the kind of project that would be pursued in future. As such, it is important to determine the individuals that would assume the preceding tasks and outline their responsibilities accordingly.

The theater usually has various facets that would require managers to oversee the decision making process. It is important to highlight individuals that would be responsible for administrative work in different departments. This eliminates conflicts, ensures harmonic functioning and effective decision making. To effectively undertake this, one can review the bylaws of current theaters in a bid to understand what the procedure entails. Demarcating the boundaries for responsibilities and decision making is very important and goes a long way in boosting effective performance.

After identifying and clarifying the structure and responsibilities of the management, one should then focus on developing a mission statement. Essentially, this acts as an identity for the theater company (Mulcahy 35). It also goes a long way in shaping the future projects, activities and operations that the business would concern itself with. The mission statement needs to be not only broad but also distinctive. In essence, it should be able to identify the vision of the theater too. Since the mission is an identity of the theater, it should be original, unique and reflect its work or operations. It should effectively make the theater to stand out amongst the innumerable others that operate in the market. The mission needs to be created during the initial stages of setting up a theater in order to allow for determination of the kind of projects that would be handled by the respective theater.

After developing the mission, one should then proceed to identifying and creating a logo or a name for the theater. This is important for publicity purposes and should therefore be appealing to the target audience. The best name can be attained through brainstorming and basing ideas on creativity. Care should be taken to ensure that the name that is proposed is not in use by any local company. In his research, Webb suggests that since the name would constitute the ‘face’ of the company, it needs to be catchy and appealing. This would be in enabling the clients to remember it. Moreover, the logo needs to be memorable for easy remembrance by the clients. Fundamentally, this marks the very first step of marketing the name of the theater.

After this, the owner can then proceed to registering the theater company name with the respective local authorities (Nelson and Schwimmer 61). This step is basically aimed at ensuring that the business is legal. In addition, it is important for protecting the name of the business that an individual has chosen. During registration, one outlines the ownership state of the company with regard to whether it is a corporation, sole proprietor and so forth. This is then made public in the local paper or any other form of media such as the internet in order to inform the public about the creation of a new theater. This is also important in protecting the name of the company from future aspirants who might be interested in this.

This is then followed by the opening of a bank account for the theater. In this regard, it is widely agreed that there is no any other better way of accounting for the business finances or funds than opening a separate bank account for the respective business. This is also important because it eases financial operations. For instances, there is a possibility of some checks being written under the name of the company. It would be easier to process such checks than if they were written under the name of an individual. Arguably, having a company bank account also implies that the respective business is credible. It shows that the business is official and its owner accords it the seriousness it deserves. In most cases, this requires that the respective individual be registered in that particular city.

The individual should then proceed to signing up with appropriate and relevant service organizations (Webb 77). This is important because such organization can help the individual in different ways. It is the first step to networking within the theater industry. These are wide and varied and may include local theater alliances as well as regional or state organizations. The signing up also gives the new theater credibility and exposes it to diverse resources, services and ideas. Such organizations are also useful because they offer credible assistance with respect to creating audience development, setting up computer systems, contacting lawyers to address copy right concerns , marketing, fundraising for various art groups, providing information regarding free audition listings, undertaking ticket sales and so forth. Signing up with relative groups such as rotary groups also implies that the new theater is willing to relate in an effective manner with other organizations that are not necessarily within its field of specification.

The next step would be to make a decision with respect to whether the theater would be profit oriented or non profit oriented. Conte and Langley indicate that although this is a very difficult decision, it needs to be undertaken carefully (81). After making this vital decision, the owner should focus on making funding decisions. This entails the determination and critical evaluation of the sources of the funds in order to underscore the strengths as well as weaknesses of each. The amount of financial resources that are required by any theater company is usually depended on the plans and projects that it wishes to undertake.

After this, the owner of the theater needs to focus on strategizing any potential non-production activities. In this respect, Webb cites that while some play houses might be comfortable with doing one or two shows in a year, others prefer maintaining continual presence in order to improve they visibility and be able to acquire new audiences. Non production activities are wide and varied and typical examples include hosting staged readings, teaching classes, and actively engaging in community outreach programs.

The owner can then create and develop a database containing the name and addresses of potential clients. The database needs to be organized in order to ease its use by the relevant individuals. On completion, the owner should then focus on the audience. S/he should be conversant with the individuals who would vie the plays, what they intend to learn from the plays and how similar companies promote their plays. Usually, such information can be gained form the mailing lists of similar companies. In most cases, these comprise of audiences that the new theater might wish to attract. Finally, the owner needs to focus on the first production. The preceding steps only offer a credible basement upon which the first and following shows would be based. They need to be adhered to strictly in order to attain optimal and sustainable output.

Plan for Starting a New Theater Company

If undertaken over a period of two years, the following plan would provide the most ideal way through which the preceding steps would be implemented. Since the steps are progressive, making a decision regarding the structure and responsibilities of the management would take two months. Developing a mission can take one moth because it is not very involving. Creating the name of the company would also take one month because the process is also not so much involving. Since registering the company takes various legal steps, this can be undertaken over a period of three months.

Opening a bank account can be undertaken over a period of two months. Likewise, signing up with service organizations can also take two months. Then, making decisions with respect to either assuming a profit or non profit status can also take two months. Making funding decisions can take two months as well as strategizing potential non-production activities. Creating a client database can take three months as well as evaluating the needs of the audience. Finally, laying out the groundwork and determining when the shows would be aired can take a month. The final month can be employed by the owner to evaluate the entire process and identify any inconsistencies that can undermine effective functioning of the theater when it becomes operational.

Works Cited

Conte, David and Langley Stephen. Theater Management. USA: Quite Specific Media Group Ltd, 2007. Print.

Mulcahy Lisa. Building the Successful Theater Company. USA: Allworth Press, 2011. Print.

Nelson Reginald and Schwimmer David. How to Start Your Own Theater Company. USA: Chicago Review Press, 2010. Print.

Webb, Duncun. Running Theaters: Best Practices for Leaders and Managers. USA: Allworth Press, 2005.

Country with high mortality

Country with high mortality

Introduction

There are countries in the world whose mortality rates are a bit higher in comparison to others, such as the first world countries. For this reason, it is possible to insinuate that the mortality rate in a country is subject to a number of factors that are preventable. In Ethiopia, for instance, some of the causes that are likely to lead to child deaths include preventable illnesses such as pneumonia, malaria, diarrhoea, neonatal infections among other causes. At one point in time, Ethiopia came into the international realm due to war, poverty and suffering that was a result of famine. On the other hand, there is a possibility of arguing that the high mortality might be due to the scarcity of health workers, nurses included. According to Deussom (2012), the health worker to residents ratio in Ethiopia is 0.84 to 1000, which is below the recommended 2.3 per 1000 World Health Organization ratio. This paper looks into some of the factors that are likely to lead to the high mortality rates in Ethiopia, focusing on the country’s health worker situation, the economy, health regulatory organizations working within the country, as well as other factors that increase the mortality rates in the region (Deussom, 2012).

Ethiopia is one of the countries near the coastline in north side of east Africa, whose specific location is at the horn of the continent. Countries that border Ethiopia include Sudan, which is to the west, Djibouti and Somalia to the east and Kenya to the south. Eritrea also borders the country to the northeastern side. With an estimated population of above 90 million individuals by the year 2012, it is possible to determine that a majority of the people that reside in the area subscribe to the Islamic religion (Bureau of African affairs, 2013). This population represents about 1.23 percent of the total population in the world. This population is spatially distributed, with an age structure that comprises young people as the majority. An approximation of the average age in the country is 17 years old (World Bank, 2012).

With the provisions of the 1994 constitution, the president of Ethiopia is the head of state, whereas the prime minister is responsible for heading the government. Additionally, the parliamentary system in the country is a bicameral system, with the House of Federation representatives elected by the House of People’s Representatives. However, the people popularly elect the House of People’s Representative members. Administratively, it is possible to determine that the division in the country consists of nine regions that are ethnically based, which also include Dire Dawa and the capital, the self-governing administrations (World Bank, 2012).

Economically, it is possible to determine that the country is poor, mainly depending on agriculture, which employs about 80 percent of the working individuals. The industrial sector of the economy is mainly run by the state, with restrictions to processing agricultural products. On the other hand, the transportation network in the country is at a miserable state, with only a single railway line connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti. With some of its leading trade partners being the United States, China among other nations, various studies indicate that the value of its imports, in comparison to the exports is higher. Some of its main exports are inclusive of khat, oilseeds, coffee among other items, which are mainly agricultural. With all these considerations, it is possible to determine that economic situation in the country is bad (World Bank, 2012).

The state of health in Ethiopia

When looking at the health status in Ethiopia, it is possible to determine that some of the major health problems that affect the residents are preventable. The diseases affecting these residents are mainly communicable diseases, as well as nutritional disorders. However, a number of organizations, mainly those that focus on health issues, have been making major progress towards improving the health status of the residents in the country. Despite this consideration, a number of health studies conducted in the region indicate that the population in Ethiopia still faces high mortality rates, with the health status remaining relatively poor. The spread of diseases in the country is determined by a couple of factors, which are inclusive of a generally low education status, a poor economy and rapid population growth among other contributors (World Bank, 2012).

Since most of the diseases affecting the residents of the region are preventable, it is possible to determine that the low educational status of the people is a marker that has a significant influence on the spread of diseases. Coupled with the fact that a majority of the residents are poor, many of the residents in the area are not keen on seeking medical attention unless the medical situation in an individual worsens. Despite the poverty and education level of the people in the country, some of the other factors that contribute to their poor health status include the general poor performance of the country’s economy, as well as the rapid population growth rate, which exerts a lot of pressure to the existing health institutions (World Bank, 2012).

It would be possible to measure the total burden of diseases in the country by looking at the premature deaths that occur in the region.

Statistics indicate that in a year, the country witnesses close to 350 deaths per 1000 people, which is higher in comparison to some of the countries bordering it. The largest burden emanates from maternal and pre-natal conditions, nutritional deficiency, malaria, dirrahoea and acute respiratory problems among others. With this indication, it is possible to determine that some of the factors worsening the situation include poor financing systems that are meant to take care of the worker salary, including finances for the operations of the medical institutions (Morrison and Brundage, 2012). On the other hand, the country is experiencing a high level of inadequacy in the number of medical workers that can be able to take care of the medical needs of the patients. The other problem that the residents in the region face includes a couple of violent incidences, from which a large number of people might end up with serious injuries, some even leading to death. Consequently, the ineffective transport policies might be contributory factors that lead to the many deaths that occur due to road accidents.

Health care delivery system in Ethiopia

The health care delivery system in the country id decentralized, with the federal divisions controlling the nine administrative regions. The delivery system is inclusive of contributors from the government departments, as well as a number of non-governmental institutions. Some of the health facilities in the region include private clinics, hospitals, health centers and stations. Despite these numbers, a number of studies suggest that non-governmental organizations have been instrumental in developing the health care delivery infrastructure in the country. On the other hand, the governmental input has been decreasing over time, with most of the health stations decreasing over time. Included in some of the non-governmental organizations that offer a health care service is the Ethiopian Nurses Association, whose mandate is to improve the health situation in the country. The objectives that the association seeks to fulfill include the development of nursing services standardized and appropriate for Ethiopia. The association also seeks to stand by the rights of nurses as well as clients that seek their services.

It is possible to determine that the human resource personnel, who include the nurses and doctors in the country, do not have the capacity to fulfill the needs of the residents in the region adequately. Statistics indicate that, as at 2011, the number of nurses available to take care of the needs of the population was only 20,000. This number, in comparison to the total population was acutely inadequate to serve the needs of the residents, making it difficult to provide quality health care services (Ethiopiaforums, 2011). However, it is possible to determine that the education system or training that the nurses go through improves their capability of handling the medical cases that they come across. However, the nurses have to register with the Ethiopian Nursing Association, which is the umbrella body that takes care of the nursing requirements in the region.

Health priorities in Ethiopia

The government of Ethiopia has outlined a number of health priorities whose main objective is to improve the health conditions of the nation, which include the generation of knowledge through conducting a number of studies on public health. With this provision, it would be possible for the government, as well as the non-governmental health institutions to find ways that would be vital for improving the overall health situation in the country. One of the ways that can possibly ensure the overall improvement of the health situation in the country includes the development of a health plan, HSDP IV plan, which would ensure improvements of the health situation in the country (Morrison and Brundage, 2012). Even though the implementation of the plan is to be done in phases, the overall priority is to achieve the minimum health care delivery capacity, which requires that all the medical personnel should have the capability of delivery. This means that the ministry of health in the country, in collaboration with other non-governmental organizations should ensure that the middle-level and junior staff be equipped with skills that are likely to drive the operations forward. With this provision, it is possible to determine that different programs have to be taken care of at different levels; with the federal ministry of health no longer has the mandate to cover malaria and HIV/AIDS programs.

Conclusion

Ethiopia, as one of the countries in the Sub-Saharan region in Africa, is one of the most populous countries in east and central Africa, which has a high mortality rate. The high mortality rate is subject to a number of factors that include poverty, low education levels, as well as very few health workers in comparison to the population that they are meant to serve. With this indication, it is possible to insinuate that the country requires a high level of health infrastructure development, among other considerations that will improve the overall health situation in the country. Despite the required health infrastructure improvement, the country needs to improve its economy, which might be a contributory factor that is likely to intensify health development programs, thereby improving the overall health situation of the people of Ethiopia.

References

Bureau of African affairs. (2013). U.S. Relations with Ethiopia. Retrieved from :< http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm>

Deussom, R. (2012). Nursing and midwifery education in Ethiopia: ensuring professional capacity and relevance. Retrieved from: < http://www.capacityplus.org/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Education-in-Ethiopia>

Ethiopiaforums. (2011). Ethiopia has only 20,000 nurses for 80mn people-official. Retrieved from: < http://ethiopiaforums.com/ethiopia-has-only-20000-nurses-for-80mn-people-official/>

Institute of Medicine (U.S.)., & Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.

Morrison, J., & Brundage, S. (2012). A report of the CSIS global health policy center. Advancing health in Ethiopia with fewer resources, an uncertain GHI strategy, and vulnerabilities on the ground. Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Oromoo, A. (2011). Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia. Ministry of health. retrieved from: < http://www.moh.gov.et/English/Information/Pages/Fact%20Sheets.aspx>

World Bank. (2012). The health workforce in Ethiopia: Addressing the remaining challenges ; edited by Berhanu Feysia … [et al.]. Washington, D.C: World Bank.

Course Project EISA

To assess your ability to:

organize the major components of the current state of an enterprise information system architecture for an organization in terms of business processes that it supports

organize the detailed components of the current state of an enterprise information system architecture for an organization in terms of a specific business process that it supports

Course Project—EISA:

The EISA diagram is very important in analyzing the business process in the company some of the main contribution it has made to the company include the ability of the organization to analyze the production trends in the company and develop a proactive measures of dealing with the problems. It is also important in determining the optimal process and procedures that the organization can follow to leverage its competitive advantages and realize its productivity. The organization also relies on the EISA diagram to map the pathway to sustainability, profitability and optimality.

However, the current EISA has a number of limitation on the general productivity and efficiency and profitability because of the inherent weaknesses and limitation it has on the marketing processes.

Reporting structure:

The company is reporting structure is marked by numerous levels that hinder immediate execution of financial plans. The financial planning and execution structure of the company is laborious and bureaucratic, making the release of funds and execution m of the planned marketing activities in the company very slow. This interferes with the timelines and the bottom lines of its activities.

Marketing gap

The pillar of the organization in question is operational excellence, however this has been so hard to meet considering the fact the process model in use is not optimized for excellence. Some of the factors that contribute to this limitation include the decision making model used within the company and the performance evaluation system. The company in the service sectors is experiencing problems with the decision structure. The company is mostly composed of poor decision structure in which the upper echelon personnel (C-level) who are not in touch with the line managers and middle level members only make the decision. In all organization, the middle level Managers are the only people with facts on the marketing system within the organization and are always in constant contact with the customer. All the queries and customer complaints pas through them and they are the people who operationalise4 the plans developed within the company. Therefore main decision team should be integrated with the midlevel managers and customer focused team to ensure that the decision made within the company take into consideration the input of the low cadre managers. Additional the company needs to leverage its business synergy to fit the strategic fit that will enable it to achieve the objective of operational excellence.

Operational excellence.

The main advantage that the middle offers is operational excellence as the company process o determining and assembling the right input (resources) and converting them to the output that that the customers want, makes it’s the most optimal process in the industry. The production process is very efficient with minimal resource wastes and time lags despite the slow decision process. Once the company has made decision, the execution process is often very fast.

Reduction of cost of IT, and the general complexity

The current enterprise information system architecture is vary useful in reducing the general, complexity within the organization, it details the reporting structure and the way the cost of information technology in the organization can be reduced thereby contributing to the final cost reduction strategy by the company. It also provides newer ways for re-purpose in addition to re-use as it helps the organization to link its process to the new technologies and skill. While this is true, has one weakness as it relies so much on IT. However, this is overridden by the fact that the architecture is closely connected to the business need and strategies. The main challenge may lie on the extension of the integration to all the aspects of the organization and its process across all the complex and multi-partner enterprise

Course Project Milestone 1 Health History Form

Course Project Milestone 1: Health History Form

Your Name: Date:

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (10 pts) Date: 19th, November, 2013

Initials: M.W.O.

Age: 56 years

Date of birth: 12th November, 1957

Birthplace: Michigan

Gender: Female

Marital status: Married

Race: Spanish

Religion: Christian

Occupation: Teacher

Health insurance: Has a life policy with the United health care insurance company.

Source of information: Interview with a patient at John Hopkins hospital

Reliability of source of information: Very reliable

PRESENT HEALTH HISTORY/ILLNESS (15 pts) Hospitalized for suffering yet another heart attack

Reason for seeking care: The patient suffers from hypertension

Health patterns: She has had diabetes and eye problems since childhood, She became alcoholic at 17, At the age of 20 she suffered chest pains due to obesity, at the age of 30 she suffered from a heart attack,

Health goals: She intends to completely eliminate her crave for consuming alcohol, she also intends to avoid fatty foods and heavy carbohydrates at all costs.

HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES (15 pts) She has since started dieting in order to cut her weight, she enrolled in a rehabilitation center to cut her consumption if alcohol, She goes to the gymnasium for exercises to cut on her weight.

Beliefs and practices: She beliefs in avoiding eating disorders for a healthy living. She practices this by taking milk in all her diets and avoids snacks and food with high calories at all costs.

Factors influencing healthcare decisions: The factors influencing her health care decisions include: her over weight problem and the development of heart complications.

Related traits, habits or acts: She goes for regular medical checkups, She checks her diet, She has decided to avoid alcohol and tobacco related products apart from that she is also monitoring her weight.

MEDICATIONS (15 pts) She takes both prescription medications and over the counter medications.

Prescription medications: Her prescription medications are: receptor blockers, angiosdiuretics and beta blockers.

Over-the-counter medications: Calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors.

Herbals: She uses anti ace peptides

PAST HISTORY (15 pts) Childhood diseases: She was diabetic when she was still seven years old

Immunizations: She was immunized against measles and malaria

Allergies: She is allergic to irritants and hidden allergens

Blood transfusions: She has had two blood transfusions

Major illnesses: Her major illness is heart failure

Injuries: She injured her elbow while playing basketball

Hospitalizations: She has been hospitalized 20 times

Labor and deliveries: Her two labor and deliveries were done through caesarian section

Surgeries: She has had one surgery to remove a brain tumor when she was a kid

Use of alcohol: She was alcoholic but has since changed

Use of tobacco: She used tobacco when she was alcoholic but has since changed

Use of illicit drugs: She used illicit drugs while she was alcoholic but has since changed

EMOTIONAL HISTORY (15 pts) Mental, emotional or psychiatric problems: She has no history of Mental, emotional or psychiatric problems

FAMILY HISTORY (15 pts) Father: Was alcoholic

Mother: Experienced heart problems in her old age

Siblings: Two are alcoholic while one is diabetic

Grandparents: Were both alcoholic

PSYCHOSOCIAL/ OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY (15 pts) Occupational history: She is a teacher by profession

Educational level: She has a bachelor’s degree in education

Financial background: She is well endowed economically given that she comes from a rich family

ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS (15 pts) Significant others: Her husband is not alcoholic

Support systems: Given that husband is not alcoholic he supports her in her rehabilitation efforts

ETHNICITY AND CULTURE (10 pts) Ethnicity and culture: She is Spanish and loves football.

Physical and social characteristics that influence healthcare decisions: Her mother and husband support her efforts to reform since they are not alcoholic

SPIRITUALITY (5 pts) Religious and spiritual needs: She is a Pentecostal Christian and always visits her pastor for prayers

SELF-CONCEPT (5 pts) View of self-worth: She is a valuable teacher and her students love her

Future plans: She intends to get into the family business upon retiring from teaching

REVIEW OF SYSTEMS (20 pts) Skin, hair, nails: She has a skin rush, she has experienced hair loss, color bands can be seen under her nails,

Head, neck, related lymphatics: There is a pounding sensation in her head, and experiences neck pains

Eyes: She has been diagnosed to be having retinopathy, she also has blood spots in her eyes

Ears, nose, mouth, and throat: She experiences dizziness in her ears, her nose becomes stuffy if she catches a cold, she has lost her sense of taste, she also has an extra tissue behind her throat.

Respiratory: She experiences respiratory failures

Breasts and axillae: Her breasts and axillae are not well constructed

Cardiovascular: She has an irregular heartbeat and an enlarged heart

Peripheral vascular: She has a reduced supply of blood to her body organs

Abdomen: She experiences abdominal aortic aneurysms

Urinary: She has dark urine

Reproductive: She is not reproductive

Musculoskeletal: She has an increased level of uric acid in her blood

Neurologic: She suffers from corticobasal degeneration which is a Neurologic disorder

Course Reflection of NU 300

Course Reflection

Name of Student

Name of Institution

Course Reflection

NU 300 has been a course of a kind. Nursing is very interesting, but involving at the same time. Because this is an integral course to the achievement of the main goal of becoming a competent nurse, I believe I have achieved most of the course objectives in a significant way. The unit is well organized with manageable content. Additionally, the flow of topics is aligned to each objective to suit the needs and expectations of students. Precisely, the course has student-centered objectives.

The course materials are easily accessible. The only book recommended for the course, Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives(6th ed.), is authored by individuals of standing academic and professional qualifications and experience. The availability of this book in digital form enhanced my study experience. In addition, the Manual by the American Psychological Association offered a standard guide to the course contents.

I believe I achieved the first goal of analyzing the role of the nursing professional in today’s global society. I have been able to put myself in the place of a nurse out there to know exactly what is expected of me. I have realized that nurses are the difference between life and death. Spending most of the time with the patient, a nurse knows more than the patient or doctor does. To improve healthcare delivery, it is essential for nurses to adhere to the code of practice and sound medical requirements.

I was also able to determine the skills necessary for professional nursing leadership. Discipline, dedication, and confidentiality are among the core skills required of nurses. The course taught me all these, thanks to the instructor who revered commitment and discipline. Right from executing assignments faithfully to delivering the same on time, my study pattern instilled in me the core skills of nursing. Experience at the clinic is not the beginning of developing these skills; the skills commence with self-actualization at the initial stages of study.

Through the abundant seminars I attended as part of course requirements; I developed greater insight into the influence of culture and values on community care. The experience at my community serve too enhanced the achievement of this objective. Community values and culture affect healthcare in negative ways. The use of herbal treatment, witchcraft, and religious beliefs that only God is the healer has caused serious medical consequences for adherents.

The role of research and technology, in improving patient outcomes, could be the greatest course objective I have achieved so far. Research was at the core of studying this course. Technology came in handy to facilitate all research activities. These included mostly the use of the internet. Evidence-based nursing has been advocated of late. This type of nursing relies more on research endeavors to get the right information on medical actions and consequences.

In light of evaluating my professional values, goals, and abilities in planning for professional development, I have equally achieved much. My goal in taking this course was to be a “modern” nurse. By this I meant a nurse who is all-round in terms of professional practice, skills, and experience. With my study abilities, I think I gave this course the best. My performance in assignments is a good indicator. I strove to lessen mistakes in problem-solving to keep to terms with the value of upholding accuracy in all practical and theoretical matters. These are essential elements in the nursing practice, and I think I am good to go based on personal evaluation.

I must acknowledge that the course content and organization had much to do with my achievement of the course objectives. With a uniform pattern of readings, videos, tutorials, discussions and seminars, each topic of the course was easier to understand in theory and practically. The videos helped visualize how things are in reality. The discussions and seminars were a platform for exchanging views and listening to diverse and contradicting opinions. We would come to common conclusions with everyone concurred.

The APA practice exercise taught me organization in work presentation. The knowledge of presenting points in written form and referencing the same appropriately not only enhanced formal communication but also boosted my writing skills. As a nurse, writing will form part of my daily routine. This ranges from updating records to writing clinical reports. These cannot be done from scratch; the APA writing format is an approved way of presenting information more so medical ones.

The Professional Development Plan assignment done in phases was a means of assessing me professionally. As the course progressed, I could easily gauge my development from one stage to the next. This came after a series of seminars and outdoor endeavors. In addition, the evidence-based practice content highly facilitated my goal to become a “modern” nurse. Above all, the general education outcomes formed the path to achieving these objectives. The ability to reason in a sound way and communicate in Standard American English were essential tips to solving the wide range of problems I encountered through the course.

References

American Psychological Association.Publication Manual, 6th Edition. Retrieved 20 January

2015 from HYPERLINK “http://www.apastyle.org/manual/”http://www.apastyle.org/manual/

Blaise, K. K. and Hayes, J. S. (2010).Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and

Perspectives, 6th Edition. London: Pearson

Course Reflection on Child development

Reflection

Author

Institution

Part1: Course Reflection

Introduction

Child development is extremely crucial in enhancing the future of any nation. However, it is closely connected with their families and the nature of early childhood that the children undergo. One of the fundamental insights that I have attained from the coursework is the importance of roles in the family as far as enhancing child development is concerned. Roles have a bearing on the behavioral expectations and patterns. This, therefore, determines the nature of response of any individual to certain circumstances. In addition, the rules applied in the family environment have a key role the growth of children both in the family and later on in their social lives (Diffily & Morrison, 1996). Moreover, I gained insight on the role played by boundaries applied in the family in shaping the personality of the child as they define the separateness, togetherness and limits within that family (Walsh & Giblin, 1988).

Throughout the course, my professional goals have been strengthened and refined. This is especially considering that, the curriculum in child education has been mainly paying attention to academic or intellectual growth while neglecting other aspects such as cognitive growth. This has opened my eyes to the incredible challenge that I faced in my career and underlined the importance of creativity in enhancing the outlook of this curriculum. I believe that immense research must be done on the various curricula so as to determine or evaluate the best one for the growth and development of children. These have to be customized to suit the needs as per time, stage of growth and the realities of the age.

I have drawn incredible inspiration from the various people who have shared their experiences pertaining to early childhood education. Their experiences opened my mind as to exactly what I should expect in the field. However, I was particularly inspired by ms Sandy Escohedo who has underlined the incredible role that professionals in the field of early childhood play in shaping the life of a kid (Escohedo, 2010). This motivated me as it cemented my notion on the incredible role that I have in shaping the future, and complimented my passion in incorporating creativity.

Part 2.

The importance of professional goals cannot be understated as far as charting one’s career growth is concerned. However, there are instances where the professional goals change in the course of one’s academic and career growth. These changes are bound to underline the changing dynamics or realities of the time. At the beginning or first few weeks of the semester, I set out my three professional goals as being innovative and creative, performing beyond the set standards, and taking risks so as to enhance my professional growth. These professional goals have not changed in any way. I acknowledge that child education is always changing. In essence, what may have productive in the past may not be effective today. In essence, I have purposed to sharpen my creativity so as to enhance the application of my knowledge in different times. In addition, I have noticed that recent curriculums have emphasized on academic growth of children while relegating other aspects of a child’s life such as socialization and emotional wellbeing to the periphery. This underlines the importance of changing the curriculum, something that will necessitate innovation and creativity to ensure that all aspects of a child’s growth are well considered (Diffily & Morrison, 1996).

This would ensure that my performance is beyond the set standards but within the set rules and regulations. The experimentation and implementation of innovative ideas would undoubtedly involve risking quite a lot. The innovation has to be founded on comprehensive research to determine their applicability in the circumstances. Investing in the future must involve investing in the wellbeing and growth of the children and ensuring that the system and curriculum allows for their growth and development in all aspects.

References

Escohedo, S. (2010). The passion for early childhood [DVD].

Walsh, W., & N. Giblin. (1988). Family counseling in school settings. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Diffily, D &Morrison, K, (1996). Family friendly communication for early childhood programs. New York: National Association for the Education of Young Children

Coursework 2 Crisis Communications Plan

LUBS2136

Crisis management

Coursework Brief

Coursework 2: Crisis Communications Plan

A crisis communication plan provides policies and procedures for the co-ordination of communications within the organization, and between the organization and any applicable outside agencies (e.g. – the media, regulatory agencies, customers, suppliers, stakeholders (board of directors, shareholders, unions, staff) and the public) in the event of an emergency or controversial issue. Emergencies may include fires, bomb threats, natural disasters, or major crimes. Controversial issues may include police investigations, protests or other situations that demand a public response.

It is the goal of a crisis communications plan to establish guidelines for dealing with a variety of situations, and to ensure that staff and communicators are familiar with those procedures and their roles in the event of a crisis. A communications plan is designed to be used in conjunction with an emergency/business continuity/crisis management plan.

Your task is to design a crisis communications plan for any organisation of your choosing. Your plan should contain the following elements

Aim and Objectives

Policy statement on crisis communications for your chosen organisation

Details of the Crisis Communications team

Stakeholder analysis and prioritisation

Emergency contact list

Media contact list

Staff notification procedures

Stakeholder notification procedures

Key messages and sample press releases

News conference protocols

Interview protocols

Methods of Communication updates

Record keeping protocols

Crisis communications review and evaluation procedures

It is expected that:

Students will read widely around the subject area in preparation for the essay

The essay will be properly structured and demonstrate good use of English

The essay will be properly referenced using the Harvard Method.

Word Limit: 3000 words

Percentage weighting: 60%

Date of Final Submission: 07/05/09 (one hard copy and one electronic submission)

Court Case Trial Observation and Report

Name:

Instructor:

Course:

Date:

Court Case Trial Observation and Report

Any employment defines a relationship that is the code of conduct between the employer and their employees, which is brought up by an employment contract. It is the contract, which puts obligations and reciprocal rights forth between the employer and the employee. However, in this relationship, the employees get access to all the benefits as well as the rights that come along with such an employment. This court hearing presents a case in relation to the Employment Relationships as well as the significance of having an employment contract.

Flagstaff, AZ Civil Court

Mr. John, the appellant

Parmenas Charley, the appellee

Litigants

Plaintiff – Appellant: Parmenas Charley

Defendant – Appellees: Mr. John, owner of Southern Private School

Background

Parmenas Charley, who is a former teacher at the above named school, filed a lawsuit giving claims regarding a breach of contract, declaratory relief as well as injunctive relief, when the Mr. John, the owner of Southern Private School denied him an extra day’s pay. The owner of the private school, Mr. John, filed a counterclaim. Both parties filed opposing motions to get appealed the decision.

Facts

Charley had been an employee of the privately owned school following a written contract under one year probation. In the contract, Charley would be employed on basis of 10 months, which could be considerable for the year 2002-03. In it, Mr. John required Charley to work for 187days, including the dates and hours as were set by the him or any preceding amendments to the settings. A teacher salary scheme was adopted based on the 187 days of work along with a schedule that Charley should work for 187 days, the year 2002-03. However, out of the 187 days, Charley was required to attend a graduation ceremony. He therefore filed a complaint to the commissioner of education get an extra day’s pay following Mr. John’s decision. The school’s owner pled to the authority following Charley’s file of a lawsuit on the subject matter. However, the commissioner of education granted Charley a summary judgment but the Mr. John filed an appeal challenging the decision.

After investigating facts from both sides, the commissioner of education pointed out that Charley’s contract required him 187 days of work and not that, he works Mr. John violated no contract, if anything, the commissioner did not have jurisdiction over Charley’s quantum meruit claim and hence it was dismissed.

Therefore, Charley went ahead to institute a double suit. To begin with, he filed a case in claim that his employer had breached their contract, declaratory relief, quantum merit as well as injunctive relief. He as well, filed a claim at AZ Civil Court, following the commissioner’s decision.

Although Mr. John filed a plea, Charley as well filed a parallel suit seeking a summary judgment. The commissioner had halted the case to await any conclusion from the civil court in Arizona.

Flagstaff, AZ Civil Court: There was a thorough grill of the appellant as well as the appellee to reach a satisfactory decision. The cross-examination and the examination of both parties was a sure way to ensure this. The defense counsel pushed a motion to have a trial dismissal order and the judges and the attorneys discussed the issue in depth. After much deliberation, the court offered judgment in Charley’s favor. It therefore offered him:

Damages for the contract’s breach claim

Declaratory relief following the abuse of a signed contract

Injunctive relief that prohibited the district from any future illegal conduct

Following Charley’s claims, the court consequently awarded him attorney’s fee and costs.

Decision

The commissioner of education did not have the authority over the claim by Charley towards his employer’s breach of contract. He had thus been advised to seek hearing from Flagstaff, AZ Civil COURT that had the required power over his claim. Section 7.057 (d) of the constitution requires that any individual who is distressed by any agent act or requires the decision of the commissioner is supposed to file a plea to the court at Arizona. Therefore, Charley’s claim was dismissed basing decision on the above. In addition, the commissioner concluded that the one viable assertion by Charley is the one on quantum meruit. The office as well had no jurisdiction to give Charley attorney’s fee since it had referred him to AZ Civil Court on basis of no jurisdiction.

Dicta

Charley contended that since he besought a quantum meruit claim for what he had rightfully earned, it is affirmed from such foregoing that the ruling by the court was based on the facts relating to such claim. Despite this, the trial court rejected the claim on quantum meruit but instead granted Charley relief on the claim about breach of contract. It is on the breach that claims were awarded.

Following the proceedings, it is notable to highlight that, the trial ruling by the court are reversed. The breach of contract claim by Charley as well as the declaratory claims is therefore dismissed. As a result, the trial court gives instructions to abate its proceedings following Charley’s injunction and the quantum meruit claims.