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Summary of College Tell Smokers article

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Summary of College Tell Smokers article The staff and students of Kentucky University are patrolling the campus to scout out the visitors, employees or students they find with cigarettes. An organization that is known as The Tobacco Free Take Action, that is comprised of volunteers approach the smokers in a respective way and tell them to quit smoking by providing information to help them. Kentucky University has 500 colleges nationwide that has enacted tobacco free policies from July 1. The volunteer based organization prohibits smoking on the campus grounds. The American Nonsmoker’s Rights Foundation points out that, this had led to an increase in the number of colleges that have adopted the tobacco free guiding principle in the past years (Pollock 6).

The most successful were by students and employees in which students discourages its use after questioning the role in a school setting. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 46 million Americans with the age of 18 years smoke cigarettes. The 2010 American health report found out 30,093 students in 39 colleges 4.4% smoked daily in 30 days. In 2000, 100% smoke free campuses started in US. Ty Patterson says he started the campaign in 2003 when he was the Ozarks College vice president. He quit smoking two years ago and searched for a smoke free campus, which he did not get (Owing 8). He talked to various schools, but they did not know how to avoid the ideas. Patterson says the employees opposed the policy but only two students went on probation after the school enforced it.

On July 1, Michigan University of ratified the policy, and according to Dr. Winfield the school’s health officer, smokers reduced and could be found on permitted areas. According to CDC, the Kentucky State recorded the highest smoking rates at 25.6%. To enhance the tobacco free policy, UK offers all the smokers visiting the campus 5 dollars for gums to avoid feeling violated. Patterson also urged the Universities to inform the community about the negative effects of alcohol. In July 2010, the University of Florida became tobacco free, and they distributed bans to oppose smoking. Patterson predicts a tobacco free environment in all colleges in the U.S in a period of 10 years (Larson 45).

SMOKING BAN FOR COLLEGE CAMPUSES LESS PRODUCTIVE THAN INTENDED

According to America’s Non- Smokers Rights Foundation, 466 campuses enacted 100% smoke free policies. Los Angeles is one of the cities that have a negative attitude towards smoking. There is the creation of awareness in public places, which has limited smoking in the city. UCLA enacts smoking ban in campuses across the nation, but this is not a solution. The ban is likely to make students smoke while hiding and would result to waste of money and resources. The promotion of smoke free community is progressive, but the ban is regressive. A better option is for the campus to increase cessation programs than to force the students to bear with the rule. This is because; the use of bans to quit smoking is difficult as it bypasses complexity of the issue (Owing 15).

UC Campus Project to Proscribe Smoking by 2014. In 2014, all Universities in California will go tobacco free according to UC president, Mark Yudof. The proscription entails trade in cigarettes within the campus. The ban will take its effect after two years to help the students to avoid smoking rather than to follow the rule immediately. According to Yudof’s memo, the University holds possession of the facilities and leases them under the policy of the proscription. In November 2011, UCLA health system outlawed smoking within its facilities (Larson 61).

Works Cited

Larson, C. Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility. London: Cengage Learning, 2010.Print.

Owing, J, H. Smoking and Health: New Research. Canada: Nova Publishers, 2005. Print.

Pollock, M. Antiracism Everyday: Getting Real on Race in institutions. Washington: New Press, 2008. Print.

Uber’s Global Standardization and Local Adoptation.

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Uber’s Global Standardization and Local Adoptation.

Global standardization is the ability to utilize a standard marketing strategy all over the world. In other words, it can be termed as the ability for a company in business to apply the same marketing interventions from one country to the next and across various and subsequent cultures. Global standardization is an important tool especially in cases where the product has the same appeal all over the world as in the case of Uber. Local adaptation on the other hand, is a business strategy that considers the unique needs of each country and adapts to the local market. China is Uber’s biggest market now and it was subsequently its toughest and made many losses at first as they tried to get a market share because it received a lot of skepticism and many rejections at first, because Didi was dominating the market at that time.

Uber launched formal operations in China in 2014; there was an introduction of luxury car services in three Chinese cities. However, many obstacles hindered Uber from dominating in china. An appropriate example is, Google maps which uber uses to locate drivers, riders is blocked in China, and hence they had to develop suitable software. Uber got to the Chinese market with the strategy that it will think locally in a bid to expand globally. The product that Uber offered in China that represents global standardization is their brand. Uber branded its product and made it so simple and saves on time as there is no pre-booking CITATION Kau16 l 1033 (Wu). An app connects the driver and the rider. The company invested heavily in technology because it was really trying to tap into that market as well maintaining a competitive edge.

Uber localized its product and services by hiring the local people. There was also a set up of the Uber China as they tried to court the local investors and to avoid the dire restrictions that were affecting foreign investors in China CITATION Kau16 l 1033 (Wu). There was an introduction of Alipay payment system, which is a preferred payment system for Chinese customers. The strategy was implemented to suit the local market and in a bid to make higher returns in China.

Uber has demonstrated that there is need for a multinational to strike a balance between adaptation and global standardization. Uber managed to standardize its services and adapted some as a necessity for survival and thriving in the Chinese market. The case illustrates that it is possible for a multinational to succeed if only it focuses on building a strong global marketing strategy, with a suitable mindset, solid structures, and appropriate operational behaviors.

Work Cited.

BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Wu, Kaungzhen. “Uber vs Didi: The Race for China’s Ride-hailing Market.” INSEAD (2016).

Integrative Process

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Complex interdisciplinary) phenomena I am interested in learning more about /doing research on/ studying it further.

Complex Phenomenon #1. Combating Poverty.

Why is it complex?

It is complex because it is a multi-dimensional problem and has its roots in both the national and the international domains. It is also complex because no uniform solution can be found to be applied globally. The eradication of poverty programs are country-specific that get the support from international agencies by creating a supportive international environment. The eradication of poverty is also a complex phenomenon because it is the shared responsibility of so many countries and it is a challenge in most countries.

Why are you interested in this phenomenon/ problem?

Combating of poverty involve the sustainable management and utilization of resources as well as having an environmental policy in place which mainly focuses the conservation and protection of the resources. I am interested in the phenomenon because once we eradicate poverty.

What future professional relevance does studying this problem have for me?

My longer-term career objective is to help people and to enable people to achieve sustainable livelihoods and it will be of great importance when I understand the importance of combating poverty and what people should do, the resources and efforts to be rallied to ensure the international objective is achieved.

Complex Phenomenon #2. Environmental protection.

Why is it complex?

Environmental protection is complex because the environmental challenges are interlinked not only to themselves but also to the social and economic challenges. Also addressing the interconnected and the interacting environmental and social challenges require systems coordination in order to solve the environmental challenges.

I am interested in this phenomenon because it is complex and I believe the solution to the environmental challenges being seen in the world today, heavily lies on balancing the complexities related to the phenomenon. It is also a phenomenon where I can apply systems thinking in addressing the inter-connected, social, and economic and governance challenges across all the involved sectors. I also strongly believe that, if we put effort and focus on resilience and transformation then we shall be on the front lines advocating for environmental protection and setting the appropriate examples by protecting the environment ourselves.

The future and professional relevance that studying this aspect has for me.

By studying this aspect now I will certainly understand the policy making strategies on Environmental protection, which will of great value and benefits as I intend on being the best at and working at the Environmental protection docket nationally and internationally.

Complex Phenomenon #3 Improvement of Public Policy.

Why is it complex?

The improvement of public policy is complex in the sense that it involves so many stakeholders, individuals with different roles as well as interests and also it requires complex resources. Public policy deals with sensitive matters such as who gets what, the whys and the difference that the resource allocation makes. It is complex also because of the role the government plays in public policy.

Why are you interested on the same?

I am interested on the improvement of Public Policy because it is a docket that involves people and the citizens of the land. It is an interesting field because it involves making of decision that can positively or negatively affect the lives of people. What fascinates me the most about public policy is the sense that it is goal oriented and also it involves the courses of action, it also involves the identification of problems and the implementation of policies that will make the lives of people better.

The future and professional relevance that studying this aspect has for me.

By studying public policy now, I will obtain vast knowledge and I will understand more about certain policy issues which will later propel my career forward. The study of public policy will stimulate my imagination, the creativity down on the inside of me as well as discipline and the knowledge that I will greatly need as I grow and advance in the public policy field.

The complex phenomenon I would further study is complex phenomenon #2 Environmental protection.

Step 2: Formulation of the interdisciplinary question.

How can we solve the complex environmental problems?

Step 3: Relevant disciplines needed to study the problem further.

Biology

Physics

chemistry

social sciences

Step 4. Consider the problem/question through the perspectives of each disciplines one at a time.

#1. Biology. By studying biology the main focus will be on ecology defining and illustrating how organisms interact with their environment and how the processes and functions of the organisms affect their environment.

#2. Social sciences: it is important to understand social sciences and its subsequent connection to the complex environmental problems. Social sciences may focus on the human behavior and how the human activities may lead to the Loss of biodiversity is connected to the painful climate change disasters being seen today, environmental degradation leads to the loss of biodiversity and hence the complex environmental problems.

#3. Chemistry. The discipline is related to the complex environmental problems, because it studies the chemicals and their interaction by studying chemistry the chemical aspect of environmental pollution can therefore be understood appropriately.

Step 5: All the insights gained from each discipline.

Biology. From the biology discipline we are able to understand how the interactions of the living things with the environment lead to Pollution which is rampant and has been associated with serious health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, pollution affects the ecosystem and a number of things contribute to pollution such as the exhaust from factories released to the atmosphere compromising the health of individuals.

Social sciences the social sciences aspect indicates how the human interactions and the human behaviors lead to the complex environmental problems being witnessed and also how the problems can be addressed in order to reduce the detrimental effects on the environment,

Chemistry. The insights on this discipline indicate the importance of understanding how chemicals interact and how they may cause environmental pollution. A good example is the release of carbon to the environment which subsequently leads to acid rain.

Step 6. There is a common ground between the disciplines as all the aspects of the individual disciplines highlight how their components may cause pollution and how by understanding the disciplines the complex environmental problems may be avoided to a greater extent.

Step 7. The complex environmental problem is an interaction between the biological, the chemical and the social aspect of the environment, and the solutions to the problems emanate from the complex disciplines involved.

Step 8. Complex environmental problem is an interaction between the disciplines involved. For effective measures to solve the environmental problems to be put in place it is necessary to understand how the disciplines interact and the role they may play in solving the problems.

Night Walker Response Questions

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Night Walker Response Questions

Staples refers to the woman he encountered as his first victim due to the general stereotype that had engulfed the social setting at that moment in the society where he had found himself. The blacks were almost always seen from the negative light. He was also depicting how the woman saw herself in his presence, she saw herself as a victim especially because she was a young white well-dressed woman. Staples on the other hand did not have the most pleasing of appearances and would have easily passed off as a mugger, a rapist or even something worse than that. He was a six foot black man with a beard and wafting hair as he says.

The Unwieldy Inheritance he refers to is the awkward social position he found himself not of his own accord but as it seems it discreetly appears to be a form of inheritance accorded to him by the fact that he was a black. He was an innocent 22 year old graduate student who had newly arrived to the University of Chicago probably with a great vision only to face a society heavily puffed with various forms of racism. However, this is because his resided in a place where an affluent neighborhood occupied predominantly by whites was at very close proximity with the ghetto of Chicago which was highly impoverished at that time.

The language of fear is a phrase used by Staples to refer to the various forms of reactions of people to the presence of a young black man who appeared as suspicious. It is a language ingrained in to the mindsets of individuals by the society and is observed to be an almost spontaneous reaction to the presence of any suspicious character. The example he gives to illustrate this language is the crossing of people to the other side of a dark alley rather than passing by him. The locking of vehicle doors upon spotting him was also an expression of the language coupled with pleasantries with police, bouncers and others charged with the responsibility of screening out troublesome individuals.

The titles carry with them an aspect of the stereotype and they would rather render the piece to be perceived negatively upon the first judgment of the title. They appear to contradict the main reason for Staple’s writing especially because he is trying to paint the other side of the coin and show the society that not all young black men are gangsters seeking a way to express their anger and frustration. If given these titles, my perception of the purpose of his writing would be affected since it would appear as though the black men are trying to seize the public space to advance their sinister desires which is the exact opposite of why Staples wrote the essay.

Melodies from selections of Beethoven and Vivaldi would serve to ease the tension of the people around him because they could identify with the popular classical compositions. The compositions would provide a common platform for the lovers of the classical music and the common interests served to overshadow the racial differences. It was also highly unlikely for a mugger would not be the kind to sing such pieces of music and this went a long way to make the people less afraid.

Paradise Lost Eve as the Weak Link

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Paradise Lost: Eve as the Weak Link

Paradise Lost is an epic poem by Milton written in the 17th century. The poem focuses on the story of creation, Satan’s fall from heaven into hell and the fall of man. Milton’s analysis of the story aligns with biblical accounts. The poem’s main characters include God, the Son, and various angels, Satan, Adam and Eve. The poem is divided into various books focusing on specific events and themes. The story of creation and the fall of man has always been of great interest, which is one of the reasons why Milton wrote the poem. Milton mainly relied on dictation to write the epic poem as he was blind at the time, and he was also grieving the death of his wife and daughter. Some of the major themes in the poem include love and marriage, hierarchy and order, as well as sin and innocence, as portrayed in passage 4.449-91.

Milton uses various literary devices in the poem, one of these being imagery. Passage 4.449-91 focuses on Eve waking up after creation and meeting Adam for the first time. She woke up in a shade of flowers and heard the sound of water flowing, “Not distant far from thence a murmuring sound/ Of waters issu’d from a Cave and spread” (Milton 4.453-454). While reading this line, one can imagine the sound of flowing water in the background as described by Eve. Another example of imagery in the passage is Eve looking into the water to see an image of herself staring back. At first, she did not realize that the fair image she saw was her own until a voice told her. Eve vividly describes how she stood at the river bank and looked into the clear waters that bore the reflection of the sky. Her own beautiful face stared back at her, and the reader can conjure up this image in their own minds. Imagery is an important part of literature as it allows readers to imagine the events in any literary work, improving the readers’ literary experience.

Eve’s awaking in the shade is an important symbol in the passage. The shade represents darkness, which is used across the epic poem to symbolize separation from God’s light. The dark is used to describe evil in the poem, mainly associated with hell and the fallen angels. In the absence of God’s light, evil abounds. An example of this is Eve’s vanity when she is captivated by her own good looks. This is an example of a quality of darkness. Light is associated with God, his angels and his grace. Eve’s reflection in the water is yet another example of symbolism. Eve was created in the image of Adam, while Adam was created in God’s image. This symbolizes that Adam is superior to Eve.

The passage from book 4, 4.449-91, exemplifies some of the major themes within the epic poem as a whole. One of these themes is hierarchy and order. Milton’s writing about women, specifically Eve, reflects a lot of the ideas common during his time. For example, women were expected to submit to their husbands, which is made clear in Adam’s words. God used a bone from Adam’s side to create Eve, and Adam marvelled at Eve’s beauty, saying, “How beauty is excelld by manly grace” (Milton 4.490). From this statement, man is superior to the woman as she was created from him. Man is also closer to God since he was created in God’s image. The theme of hierarchy is pronounced in this passage and is also prevalent in other parts of the poem. Other examples include God being greater than man, the heavens being greater than the earth, and heavenly angels being greater than the fallen ones, including Satan.

The theme of love and marriage is also explored in the passage from book 4. Milton reinforces his idea of the submission of women in marriage as they are inferior to men. The marriage between Adam and Eve is not a marriage of equals, so Eve must submit to Adam. Adam’s direct relationship with God as a result of creation puts Eve in second place. She must obey Adam since he has a direct relationship with God. Adam tells Eve of how she was created from him, implying that she belongs to him. When Eve wants to flee from Adam under the Platan tree, he exclaims, “Whom fli’st thou? whom thou fli’st, / of him thou art, / His flesh, his bone; to give thee being I lent/ Out of my side to thee, neerest my heart” ( Milton 4.482-485). This statement represents the power dynamic in Adam and Eve’s relationship. Although Adam might just have been trying to call Eve back, he uses the fact that she was created from him to show his superiority and demand her submission. Eve is described as Adam’s other half, destined to help him through his journey. During the 17th century, the idea of women being inferior was rarely questioned, and that is why Milton writes of Eve’s willingness to accept anything that Adam said.

Adam and Eve are still innocent during this passage from the poem, although that will later change. The theme of sin and innocence is pronounced throughout the poem. Before Adam and Eve ate the fruit, they were innocent, but their disobedience marked the beginning of sin. Passage 4.449-91 shows Eve as weak-willed and vain, setting her up to fall into Satan’s temptation. At first, she is innocent and fails to recognize even her own reflection. An invisible voice commands her to leave her reflection, and she leaves without question. Her willingness to obey a voice shows that she blindly follows instructions, which leads her to follow Satan’s lead and disobey God. Adam and Eve start off innocent and determined to obey God, as shown in the scenes before. However, Eve already showed a predisposition to complain, which is why Satan targeted her. Sure enough, Eve yielded to temptation when Satan approached her, and she took Adam with her. Adam never questioned God; he was happy with their life and had no curiosity about why God forbid them to eat of the tree of life. On the other hand, Eve was quite curious and believed Satan’s lies on how God why did not want them to be wiser.

In summary, the epic poem Paradise Lost is an intriguing story of the biblical creation story and the fall of man. The poem explores the story of Satan’s fall from heaven and how he led Adam and Eve astray as well. Milton uses various literary elements such as imagery and symbolism to tell the story, making it more engaging for readers. Book 4, specifically lines 449-91, contains several examples of themes prevalent through the poem, such as sin, innocence, marriage and hierarchy. The brief passage talks about Eve’s earliest experience after creation, including meeting Adam. This passage shows readers some of Eve’s traits that led her to disobey God, such as vanity and a tendency to be easily persuaded. Paradise Lost is an engrossing and entertaining read that allows readers to learn more about the background of each character in the biblical story.

Works Cited

Milton, John. Paradise lost. Hackett Publishing, 2005.

Thematic Analysis of Misery by Stephen King

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Thematic Analysis of Misery by Stephen King

Thesis statement

Stephen King builds on the theme of suspense in various scene of the book using various literary devices including symbolism, characters, themes, irony, mood and diction, thus creating a clear mental picture and understanding of the scenes to the reader.

Introduction

Misery is a horror thriller by Stephen king that features horror and suspense

Suspense is seen throughout the novel as we try to anticipate what happens at the end of the story

Thesis statement

Body

Suspense has been used to builds on character trait of the Antagonist Annie. The first scene is when Sheldon is rescued after the car accident

From the rescue character of Annie is seen to be that of a caring person and loving who goes out of her way to help

The hobbing scene portrays Annie Walker as a delusional and Villain being who is dangerous bringing in a change of character.

Suspense is created on the basis that we are not in a position to know if she was going to harm Paul Sheldon

Suspense create a shocking twist in the novel making it more interesting. Annie chops of Sheldon’s hand a shocking twist

Annie realizes Paul Sheldon has been leaving his room and she believes he needs to be protected from herself which is ironical as she is the danger

The incorporation of Annie’s mental instability builds on suspense as no one can predict what she is going to do next

From these scene, theme of control has been portrayed as Annie wants to control Sheldon

Suspense is evident when the police visits Annie’s house and as a reader you cannot know if the police will rescue Sheldon or not

Literary device present is the theme of horror and misery as the state trooper is stabbed by Annie.

His diction is very precise to portray the misery the state trooper suffered is clear as the author states number of times he stabs him and adds the fact that she run over him with lawn mower.

Another literary device in the scene is theme of hopelessness as even the state trooper his only hope is killed

Conclusion

Sum up how Stephen King was able to employ the literary devices including setting, diction, irony ad symbolism in building up the suspense in the novel.

Courts in Criminal Justice

Courts in Criminal Justice

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Courts in Criminal Justice

The fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution was adopted in the year 1868 to counter previous ruling such as the Dred Scott v. Sandford which denied citizenship and equality for all. The 14th amendment was adopted to provide citizenship clause in the Supreme Court. The amendment stated that people of all races including African descent were entitled to be United States citizens simply by birth. It also focused on the due process clause which adds that life, liberty and property should be treated equally and with high levels of fairness. To make the 14th amendment more effective in providing citizenship to all persons in the United States and encouraging equality, sections of the civil law and bill of rights were included. The main clauses included were: 1). State and federal citizenship for all persons born and naturalized in United States irrespective of their race. 2) Bridging privileges and immunities to citizens by any state is not allowed. 3) Persons depriving another life, liberty, property without “due process of law” is not allowed. 4) No person can be denied equal protection by the law. These four clauses ensured that the 14th amendment fully achieved its purpose of maintaining equality for especially in criminal justice through the bill rights (Harold, S & Edward, 1991).

Protections available to criminal offenders through the Bill of Rights do not currently apply to the states

When upholding the criminal process through the Supreme Court that operates under the bill of rights it is essential to note that not all protections provided by bill of rights apply to all states. For instance, not all search and seizure are protected by the state and federal court. The fourth amendment only protects against seizures and searches which are in pursuant of government direction. The bill of right also provides protection on privacy though the fourth amendment but it does not apply to all states where a reasonable level of privacy is not established. Before any search can be carried out by the government, the state must portray reasonable level of search awareness. The second amendment also shows differences between the applications of bill of rights. According to the second amendment, criminal cases should be decided though a grand jury and it is made possible through selective incorporation. This does not apply to states because the selective process provides an opportunity to the individuals of a state to make cases conclusions using the constitutions alone. Most states do not have grand jury at all while some only use grand juries for felony cases, but either way they ensure 14th and 2nd amendments rules of criminal law on equality are maintained by following constitutions laws and not just jury decisions (William, 1988).

Difference between procedural and substantive protections for criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights

Procedural and substantive protections are the two aspects that are provided by the constitution to monitor due process of the law (Bernard, 1992). The two aspects are outlined in the 14th and 5th amendment that ensures that the legal system is fair and consistent through the existing constitutional and legal standards. The fourteenth amendments was designed to protect and maintain equality on life, liberty and property different legal approaches such as jury trial, confront witness and protection against involuntary. However to enjoy these approaches different process must be maintained: substantive and procedural process. Substantive due process is the criminal process that handles liberty related interest. In other words it focuses on the right of people to live without unnecessary interference by the government. The procedural due process is simply a requirement that the law should be applied to any person fairly by providing a hearing to cases. The difference between these two approaches in providing due law process is on the type of cases that they are meant to settle. For procedure protections the main focus is right for a fair trial and ability to remain innocent until proven guilty. Procedure protection focuses on evidence and witnesses to ensure that criminal and civil cases provide equality in life, liberty and property. Substantive protections on the other hand provide laws that ensure that the government does not unnecessary interfere with people. Substantive protections pay reference to substance laws such as required working hours and abortion. For instance, substantive protections may not require witnesses like the procedure protections instead substantive laws are utilized such as people should not work in a bakery store for more than 60 hours a week

Protections available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are procedural while others are substantive

Procedural protection focus on the process that guarantees fairness while substantive focus on what goes on during the process. In criminal offenders cases substantive protections monitor the cases process by upholding the bill of rights. For instance the offender is entitled to enjoy right such as right to a hearing, right to have a hearing officer and right to make a testimony. Procedure protection on the other hand focuses on ways to ensure fairness or justice such as right to jurors.

References

Bodenhamer, D. & Ely, J. (2008). HYPERLINK “http://books.google.com/books?id=YBKAvosk_lcC&pg=PP1” The Bill of Rights in modern America: Indiana UniversityPress.

HYPERLINK “http://constitutioncenter.org/ncc_edu_Virginia.aspx” National Constitution Center: Virginia. Constitutioncenter.org. Retrieved 16th March 2013

Bradford, B. (2008). Procedural Due Process in Plain English: HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation” o “National Trust for Historic Preservation” National Trust for HistoricPreservation

Bernard, S. (1992). HYPERLINK “http://books.google.com/books?id=d52OVwT_6PYC&pg=PP1” The great rights of mankind: a history of the American Bill of Rights.Rowman & Littlefield.

Harold, S & Edward, S. (1991). Harper Collins College Outline: The Constitution of the UnitedStates: New York: HarperCollins.

Labunski, R. (2006). HYPERLINK “http://books.google.com/books?id=JvmZbFMxCHsC&pg=PP1” James Madison and the struggle for the Bill of Rights. Oxford UniversityPress US.

Melvin, U. & Paul, F. (2002). HYPERLINK “http://books.google.com/?id=LQVDZ9jg8m0C” A March of Liberty: A Constitutional History of the United States.(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press

William, N. (1988) The Fourteenth Amendment: from political principle to judicial doctrine:Harvard University Press.

The American Crisis

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The American Crisis

Introduction

Summer soldiers and sunshine patriots as described in the text are the American soldiers that fought the British Army in the areas of New Jersey, New York from the late summer into the fall season. The American soldiers were in for a patriotic mission as they were often battered, defeated, and killed in the conquest.

Paine describes Tories as cowardly people. He connotes that they possess a servile, slavish and self-interested fear. Pain even dares that he can organize a hundred Whigs to beat a thousand Tories to show the extent of their cowardliness. The author, Paine, brings Tories up in this narrative because they were significant in curtailing the efforts of the Whigs/ the American Revolutionists. Tories were supportive of the British tyranny in the area to fulfil selfish interests over American independence which is an act of non-patriotism.

Main Body

The government has a very big role when dealing with a pandemic such as covid 19. The government is supposed to set rules and regulations which the whole country is supposed to follow and adhere to lessen the spread of the pandemic and even curb it. In the case of covid 19, it’s the responsibility of the government to ensure the citizens follow the set rules and regulations by ensuring everyone ware mask, wash hands before and after interacting with other people. this is ensured by setting consequences that are to follow when one goes against the set rules and regulations. The government should also provide masks and hand sanitizers to the needy. It should also provide water points where people can wash hands in marketplaces and schools.

The covid-19 pandemic situation created different kinds of crises. Government has a big role in the country’s stability and economy to prevent the spread of covid-19 pandemic situation most the government adopted various kinds of initiatives like a strict lockdown procedure under which papers natural rights and freedoms were Limited because people were not able to associate and go out or not even for work some firms were forced to shut down their production units but all these initiatives are taken by the government for protecting a citizen and lessen the spread of the pandemic situation.

Due to the situation output employment income was decreased therefore governments adopts various kinds of stimulus packages adapt to expansionary fiscal policies by government spending on various social service and welfare programs like unemployment benefit pension schemes that can increase the income of the people and can increase the aggregate demand when the aggregate demand increases it will boost the economic growth and development.

Society has also its role in lessening the spread of pandemics like COVID-19. Society is what is protected by the government. Society should follow the set rules and regulations by the government to the latter. Like in the case of COVID-19, the citizens, which is the society, are supposed to wear masks, wash and keep social distancing. Society should follow these rules and regulations for their benefit without being forced by the government. They should isolate when they have signs and symptoms associated with the said pandemic to save others and the nation in general.

The Federal government has the role of keeping the economy of the country stable. It does this through establishing and formulating hundreds of rulers that protect its citizens like those who do different businesses from frauds and being conned. The federal government should also lower taxes and even cut unnecessary ones. This ensures the release of money from government hands to private hands. The citizens use this money to start new businesses and raise their standards of leaving hence making the economy stable. The government should also ensure there is no monopoly in the county. When there is competition the prices of goods and services will decrease as the companies will set fair prices for the customers to buy their goods and services. Monopoly companies most of the time tend to focus on the profit gained that needs of the customers.

In some circumstances, the government has the right to eminent domain. However, the government is supposed to compensate those who are affected. When the government is trying to construct a new road and it passes through individuals’ poverty it has the right to eminent domain. Such cases also occur when the government is trying to build public structures like schools, game parks, substations, and others that are aimed to hell the whole country. If the reason behind the eminent domain is to help an individual and not the public one has the right to stop the eminent domain.

Works Cited

Chiu, Frances. “The Daily Thomas Paine: A Year of Common-Sense Quotes for a Nonsensical Age ed. by Edward G. Gray, and: Thomas Paine and the Field of Imagination: Thomas Paine and Eighteenth-Century Poetry by Scott M. Cleary.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 54.4 (2021): 1016-1018.

Clark, Jonathan Charles Douglas. Thomas Paine: Britain, America, and France in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018.

Paine, Thomas. “A Brief Thomas Paine Chronology.” The Daily Thomas Paine. University of Chicago Press, 2020. xv-XVIII.

Paine, T. The American Crisis Number 1(1776).

Cover leter for Application for immigrant visa for me and my wife

Visa application – Cover letter

Mr. Benoit Usen

Apartment 40

Chui Avenue160,

Bishek, Kyrgyzstan 720040

City code 312

19th October, 2012

Department of immigration and CitizenshipLocked Bag 7Northbridge WA 6865Australia

RE: Application for immigrant visa for me and my wife

My name is Mr. Benoit Usen and I am applying for a subclass 143 (Class CA) Contributory Parent visa to enable me to migrate to Australia. My father is a citizen of Krygyzstan by nationality and he resides in the same country. I wish to migrate together with my recently married wife, Helena Omesheva, in the parent visa. I married Helena Omesheva after the death of my first wife whose death certificate is attached as a proof. I was born on 10/10/1946 while my current wife, Helena Omesheva, was born on 11/11/1967. Our photos are attached, among other application documents.

I am a holder of a valid passport number 2170940051 from the Kyrgyz Republic. Helena Omesheva is also a holder of a valid passport number 2170940179 from the same country. I am being sponsored by my son, Mr. Jyrgal Usen who is a Krygyzstan national but a lawful resident of Australia. Mr. Jyrgal Usen has all the required certificates to prove his citizenship status in Australia. He is prepared to provide me and my wife with the necessary support and his bank documents are attached as proof. He is above 16 years, married and thus, he is an illegible sponsor of me and my wife.

I have another son who resides in Canada and he is ready to send his proof of residency there. I have no other children or step children and thus, I meet the balance of family test. Both me and my wife are healthy and free from any disease or condition that can be a threat to the health of Australian public. We are also free from any disease or condition that would result in significant treatment costs or which would require health services that are in short supply. On top of that, we are free from any criminal records and police certificates are attached for each country they have lived in the last 12 months that can be used as proof. In addition, we do not have any outstanding debt to Australian government. I have been given Australian visa before but he has no past cases that can be used as a base to deny me this visa. I am ready to pay all visa application charges. Generally, me and my wife meet the legislative requirements for the application of subclass 143 (Class CA) Contributory Parent visa.

Yours Sincerely,

—— (signature)

Mr. Benoit Usen

References

Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Contributory Parent (Migrant) Visa (Subclass 143),

2012, [Accessed, 27 September, 2012], HYPERLINK “http://www.immi.gov.au/migrants/family/parent/143/” http://www.immi.gov.au/migrants/family/parent/143/

Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Contributory Parent (Migrant) Visa (Subclass 143)

– Sponsor Eligibility, 2012, [Accessed, 27 September, 2012], http://www.immi.gov.au/migrants/family/parent/143/eligibility-applicant.htm#b

Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Contributory Parent (Migrant) Visa (Subclass 143)

– Applicant Eligibility, 2012, [Accessed, 27 September, 2012], http://www.immi.gov.au/migrants/family/parent/143/eligibility-applicant.htm

Video Games and Violence

Name

Class

Professor Name

Date Due

Video Games and Violence.

The reason or fact through which video games has influenced violence in our society is something that has been in debate for the longest time. It is hypothesized that a frequent use of violent videogames will have an influence on antisocial behavior. Through a quantitative methodology, 596 individuals participated in this study, between the ages of 6 to 18. Parametric analyses were carried out to determine if antisocial behavior predicts violent videogame playing. It appears that there is no sound relationship that links antisocial behavior and play of violent videogames. (Daisuke).

With the recent mass shooting over the years then some people are trying to relate them with the violence that occurs in games. Like the gunman who killed 22 people and injured 24 others at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, on August 3 made a fleeting reference to video game soldiers, indicating that he was familiar with video violence, and many politicians were quick to blame video games for this and other mass shootings. Even with all the research conducted it has still been hard to find how the real-life violence is linked to the violence in video games.

Since not all of us are fun of video games but I believe that once in our lives then we have had an encounter to experience how it feels to play whichever game was in place but in games like Grand theft out five or Call of duty then I guess we have come across where if you kill you are rewarded.

Killing innocent people using weapons including guns, knives, flame and feet. Some include cut scenes of strippers. In some, the player assumes the role of hero, whereas in others the player is a criminal.

An updated meta-analysis reveals that exposure to violent video games is significantly linked to increases in aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, and cardiovascular arousal, and to decreases in helping behavior. (Anderson, Craig A). The new report, published in the journal on Wednesday, found that, when bundled together, the studies showed a statistically significant but minuscule positive correlation between gaming and aggression, below the threshold required to count as even a “small effect”.One common argument for a negative effect of gaming is that small harms can accumulate over time: if a player ends every game slightly more aggressive then, over the long term, that might add up to a meaningful change in temperament. But the study finds no evidence for such an accumulation, and in fact finds evidence pointing in the opposite direction.

Playing violent video games causes more aggression, bullying, and fighting by simulating violence such as shooting guns and hand-to-hand combat in video games can cause real-life violent behavior. Many perpetrators of mass shootings played violent video games.

Violent video games also desensitize players to real-life violence through inhabiting violent characters in video games, children are more likely to imitate the behaviors of those characters and have difficulty distinguishing reality from fantasy. The exposure to violent video games is linked to lower empathy and decreased kindness. In video games that portray violence against women they can lead to more harmful attitudes and sexually violent actions towards women.

Violent video games reinforce fighting as a means of dealing with conflict by rewarding the use of violent action with increased life force, more weapons, moving on to higher levels, and more. With the violent video games, the US military use violent video games to train their soldiers to kill.

Viewing violent TV programs was significantly related to manifest physical aggression for Ss in general. There was no relationship between VG playing and self-esteem among females; however, TV viewing, VG playing, and SES were all inversely correlated with self-esteem for males. It is concluded that VG playing is neither the menace that many of its critics have portrayed it to be nor necessarily without possible negative consequences.

Other than having the its pro’s violent video games have their cons over the years studies have shown violent video games may cause aggression, not violence. Further, any competitive video game or activity may cause aggression. The games are a convenient scapegoat for those who would rather not deal with the actual causes of violence in the US. In simple statistics does not support the claim that violent video games cause mass shootings or other violence. As sales of violent video games have significantly increased, violent juvenile crime rate. Studies have shown that violent video games can have a positive effect on kindness, civic engagement, and prosocial behaviors. Violent video game players know the difference between virtual violence in the context of a game and appropriate behavior in the real world. It provides opportunities for children to explore consequences of violent actions, develop their moral compasses and release their stress and anger (catharsis) in the game, leading to less real-world aggression.

Studies claiming a causal link between video game violence and real-life violence are flawed.

Works Cited

Daisuke Sato, “Playing violent videogames is unrelated to antisocial behavior in Mexican children” Entertainment Computing. 2021.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952121000367Anderson, Craig A. “An update on the effects of playing violent video games.” Journal of adolescence 27.1 (2004): 113-122.

Dominick, J. R. (1984). Videogames, television violence, and aggression in teenagers. Journal of Communication, 34(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02165.x