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Strategic planning involving financial data is very significant in formulating a business plan

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Strategic Planning

Strategic planning involving financial data is very significant in formulating a business plan. Financial planning is the act of determining the ways and means that a business will follow to achieve its strategic objectives and goals. Financial planning is very important to a company and it is usually formulated immediately after a company has set its vision and objectives (Moran, Gwen, and Johnson, 68). It describes the activities, equipment, resources, and materials that are needed by the company to achieve its goals and objectives. It determines the success or failure of an organization since it provides a business plan with rigor as it confirms whether the set objectives are achievable from a financial perspective. It can also assist the manager of a company to set financial targets and also reward the staff for meeting the set objectives. The specific area in this discussion is the analysis of business environment.

It becomes easier for one to best fit his/her business into different business environments after collecting the necessary information about the external environment. This is only possible after clearly understanding the strengths and weaknesses of one’s firm. The primary task in this analysis is to identify the factors that will give the company a competitive advantage. For example, holding an exclusive license or a patent on a particular service or product may make one enjoy some competitive advantage. The other important strategy in this case is the aspect of flexibility (Zacharis, Andrew, Stephen, and Jeffry, 46). This is often an advantage enjoyed by smaller companies over larger rivals since they are able to respond more easily and with low cost to taste changes and mood swings in the market. The other important aspect is the nature of technology as it helps a business yield competitive advantage over its rivals. Financial analysis requires that after identifying the areas in which a business has competitive advantage, it is equally important to analyze the areas of weakness and then take necessary action for correction.

Cited Works

Moran, Gwen, and Sue Johnson. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Business Plans. New York, N.Y: Alpha Books, 2009. Internet resource.

Zacharakis, Andrew, Stephen Spinelli, Jeffry A. Timmons, and Jeffry A. Timmons. Business Plans That Work: A Guide for Small Business. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Internet resource.

Thomas King’s Borders

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Thomas King’s “Borders”

Thomas King, in his story, portrays citizenship as an essential element in most countries. As the story flows, the mother and the narrator move to visit Laetitia, who was in America. At the border, every individual needs to identify the citizenship in which they originate. Before the mother and narrator go through the American-Canada border, the guards have to identify and recognize their citizenship. Also, the narrator portrays that a person’s origin is essential, and a person should not defy their roots. This is shown from the mothers insisting on her citizenship even though the narrator had a different opinion. Therefore, the author believes that a person’s place origin defines citizenship and no conflicts nor critiques can change it.

The narrator begins with the mother and he traveling to Salt Lake City while they were visiting Laetitia, who had earlier left the reserve and moved across to look for a job. During their trip, they came between the border of Canada and America. However, they were stopped by the guards’ at the border. The author says that the guards asked the mother if they were from Canada or the American side. The mother had a strong feeling towards her native culture and was proud of her culture and values in her native community. As the author shows the conversation between the guard and the mother, she keeps insisting on her Blackfoot citizenship. The guards ask, “Citizenship?” the mother replies, “Blackfoot,” the guard asks for clarification. “Ma’am?” the mother still answers, “Blackfoot.” The guard still not convinced with the named citizenship asks again, “Canadian?”, but the mother insists, “Blackfoot” (King n.p). The guards refused Blackfoot as citizenship and told her that if she did not clarify accepted citizenship, they were not let her cross the borders. However, the mother neither says if she is a Canadian nor an American.

By the end of the story, the mother used the power of the media to protect her indigenous identity. In this short story, the countries are not only divided by the borders. There exist different boundaries between young and old, present and past, non-native and native, immigrant and indigenous, sister and brother. He uses several conflicts between children and the mom, guards, and the mom to emphasize the love and pride of the Blackfoot native culture and how they fight back when they were facing and mistreating by indigenous peoples’ identity marginalization.

The first confit is about the different views of citizenship between the young generations of the indigenous peoples and the old generation of indigenous peoples. At the beginning of the story, Laetitia always says she is proud of her dad is an American, and as a half-American, she can go and come to America as she wants. In her mind, America is much better than her home country. Mom feels upset about Laetitia’s feelings about America. However, instead of forbidding her daughter to go to America, she chooses to let her go. On the way to send Laetitia to the American border, mom mentioned that although they left Canada for a while, they still can see the mountains of Canada. The mountains symbolized home and a sense of belonging. However, Laetitia says Salt Lake also has lots of mountains as a reply. Mom does not argue with Laetitia. She let Laetitia go to American and takes the narrator to go back home. At the border, the author wishes that his mother could have said that their citizenship is Canadian, to be allowed passage. As the narrator states,” It would have been easier if my mother had just said “Canadian” and been done with it…” (King n.d). He shows the pride the mother had to have Blackfoot citizenship, even though everyone was against it.

At the end of the story, Laetitia changes her idea of Blackfoot citizenship after seeing how her mom fights about her citizenship and against the unfair treatment of indigenous peoples. Her mom’s behavior made her feel the pride of her Blackfoot identity and realized the importance of loving her Blackfoot citizenship. In terms of the narrator, when he and his mother were stuck in America borders because the mother refused to declare her citizenship, the narrator shows how the boy tried to clear up things. “I told Stella that we were Blackfoot and Canadian, but she said that that didn’t count because I was a minor” (King n.p). Therefore, the mother was the only sauce of help but kept persisting that her identity is Blackfoot. As a boy of tender age, the narrator feels confused about his mother’s behavior and feels upset that he cannot see his sister in America.

Both sides of the border did not accept Blackfoot as genuine citizenship. The mother and son are stuck in the place between American boundaries and Canadian borders. The narrator and mom have to stay in the car and figure out the way to across neither American borders nor Canadian borders. Mom tells the narrator about the stars of the sky and says each star has their story. As the mother said, “Every one of those stars has a story” (King n.p); she meant that every individual has an origin and evolves from a specific group of people. From the statement, the stars symbolized the various ethnic group in the world, and each ethnic group has its history and story. Every history and story deserves to be heard and respected. Therefore, the people in the border should have listened to her story and considered her citizenship as one of the accepted nationalities because the Blackfoot may be a minority ethnic group. Still, they shape their culture value in their unique ways.

The second conflict is between mom and the guards. The guards refused the Blackfoot as citizenship and not allowed mom and the narrator across the borders. Mom keeps saying that her citizenship is Blackfoot and refuses American and Canadian as citizenship. When they arrived at Canada borders, the young lady’s attitude is more friendly than the American guard. However, mom and the narrator suffer a misunderstanding of Blackfoot. When the guard knows they are Blackfoot, she says, “I know,..and I’d be proud of being Blackfoot if I were Blackfoot. But you have to be American or Canadian.” (King n.p). The guard knows about Blackfoot but still insists on them being Canadian or American. Despite the resistance the mother got, she kept persisting on her Blackfoot citizenship.

In this story, boundaries have been used to divide lines that separate each other. Therefore, the story title does not discuss the boundary between the United States and Canada. Instead, it points to boundaries that divide different areas reserved between various countries’ land. When the native individuals’ multicultural boundaries, they have to leave behind their uniqueness, such as Blackfoot. If they are not American or Canadian, they will end up staying in the excluded land. The “borders,” therefore, demonstrate clearly how difficult the native individuals went through, leaving up the supreme of the Canadian way of life, which gives its residents the right to reservation their identity and legacy and also offers a sense of belonging and a home. Also, after the report had gotten to the media, the reporters still have the same idea of Blackfoot failing to be a nationality. The author states, “Every so often one of the reporters would come over and ask me questions about how it felt to be an Indian without a country” (King n.p). The statement reflects the mother’s comment about stars that every star has a story. Therefore, even though the reporters failed to believe in Blackfoot existence, they also had a story and an identity. At the end of the story, mom uses the power of the media against the unfair treatment of indigenous peoples’ identity. The media symbolized justice. They help mom and the narrator to cross the American borders, which is also a good ending and feedback of mom’s pride in the Blackfoot identity. Hence the narrator shows that a person’s origin defines their citizenship, even though there may be conflicting ideas of people’s identities.

Thomas King emphasizes the importance of citizenship and being proud of one’s origin. A person’s background may cause criticisms among other people, especially if not recognized. However, the origin defines the one’s being. The story narrates the ordeal of the narrator and his mother at the border of Canada and America. The mother persists on their Blackfoot citizenship, but the guards fail to allow them to go through them. She does not give up and even uses the media to help her find justice. The fight portrayed by the mother on her loyalty to her citizenship is commendable; hence the author emphasized the importance of one’s roots.

Work Cited

King, Thomas. Borders.

Stages of FAIR Risk Methodology

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DateStages of FAIR Risk Methodology

Fair Risk Methodology has four major stages comprising ten steps. Under the first stage, there is the first step, which involves the identification of the asset at risk. For the estimation of control and value characristics of the risk analysis to be possible, it is important to first identify the object under evaluation. If the analysis is at a multilevel, the analyst will need to evaluate the object at risk and all the meta-objects existing between the threat community and the primary asset (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 32).The second step involves the identification of the threat community, which is important in the estimation of the Threat Event Frequency and Threat Capability. When evaluating risks associated with malicious actions, the analyst will be required to decide on whether the threat community is malware or human, and external or internal. The second stage in the analysis is the evaluation of loss event frequency. The third step coming under this stage is the threat event frequency, which is the probable frequency in a given time frame that will be acted upon by a threat agent. Contributing factors to this step include probability of action and contact frequency. The fourth step is the threat capability, which is the probable force level that enables the threat agent to apply against an asset. Contributing factors under this step include resources and skill (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 23).

The next step is the control strength, which is the expected effectiveness of control over some timeframe as it is measured against a baseline force levels. Contributing factors under this step include assurance and strength. The next step under this stage is the vulnerability analysis, which involves analyzing the probability that an asset will not be able to resist actions of the threat agent. The analysis in this step is closely related to the results of analysis in step four and five. The next step, which is step seven, is the analysis of loss event frequency. It involves the analysis of the probable frequency within a certain time frequency, over which a threat agent will cause harm to an asset. The next stage in this methodology is the evaluation of probable loss magnitude. The next step under this stage, which is step eight, is the estimation of estimation of worst-case loss. This involves the estimation of worst-case magnitude using three steps. The first step is the determination of threat action most likely to result in worst case outcome (Lajoux, Alexandra, and Charles Elson, 23). The second step is the estimation of the magnitude for each loss form that is associated with the threat action. The last step in this aspect is “summing” the loss form magnitudes. The next step in this stage is step nine, which involves estimating probable loss. The estimation of probable loss magnitude is done using three steps. The first step involves the identification of the threat community action that is most likely. The next step is the evaluation of probable loss magnitude for every loss form and the last step is “summing” the magnitudes.

The last stage in this methodology is the derivation and articulation of risk and the next step, which is step eight, is also the derivation and articulation of risk. It involves the probable magnitude and frequency of future loss. Properly articulated analysis should give decision makers the opportunity to get at least two important pieces of information:”the estimated loss event frequency” and “the estimated probable loss magnitude”. The information can be displayed through charts, texts, or both. In most cases, it is better to also display the “estimated high-end loss potential” to make the decision maker become aware of the expected worst-case scenario. The strength of the FAIR methodology is that it is able to establish accurate probabilities for the magnitude and frequency of loss events. It also has a consistent framework useful in performing risk analyses (Lajoux, Alexandra R, and Charles Elson, 21). The weakness is that FAIR is not a methodology in dealing with risk management, but it is only used to complement the existing methodologies. Using FAIR to analyze somebody’s risk associated with commercial gain is only possible after getting a license from RMI.

Sources Cited

Lajoux, Alexandra R, and Charles Elson. The Art of M & a Due Diligence: Navigating Critical Steps & Uncovering Crucial Data. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Internet resource.

Major characters in the book Death of Salesman.

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Death of a salesman

1.Major characters in the book Death of Salesman.

These characters include; Willy Loman, Biff Loman, Happy loman, Linda loman, Charley, Benard and Howard Wegner.

Willy Loman: He is a self-deluded, an insecure traveling salesman. Willy believes fully in the American dream of easy success and wealth acquisition. He has not changed or grown.

Biff Loman: He led enchanted life in high school as a footballer star full of scholarship chances, flattering female friends alongside good male friends. He failed in math and later never graduated. He later changed his life after visiting Belly Oliver’s office that made a break from lies and decided to begin his life afresh. He later chose living in reality. He, therefore, shown some changes in the play.

Linda Loman: Even though she occasionally shares Willy’s self-delude hopes for future glory and success, more often than not, she seems more realistic and less fragile than Willy. She has tried to nurture her family amidst Willy’s misleading attempts at success. Her stronger emotional strength made her grow and change in in the play.

Happy Loman: Although he works as assistance to an assistance buyer, he always represents himself as supremely important being. He never grew up because he practiced bad business practices and constantly had sex with girlfriends of his seniors.

2.What is revealed about the characters through dialogue?

Miller while writing his book chosen not rely on spoken images, but rather creates them practically on the stage. Instead of merely leaving a character to tell the story, he decided to show it to readers. Dialogue has been significantly used in this book to show the images of characters. Dialogue has clearly shown to readers Willy’s insanity. Without dialogue, the readers would not have shown clearly how Willy’s broken speech and his constant up and down movement indicating how shattered he is.

3.Verbal irony, dramatic irony, how irony has been conveyed in the book and importance if irony.

Yes, the play includes both verbal and dramatic irony. Verbal irony is depicted on Willy’s last name ‘’Loman’’pronounced Low- Man, suggesting his low place in the society even though he insist the opposite.

Dramatic irony comes out clearly in Linder’s line in the play ‘’we’re free’’. It’s ironical because they think that they are finally free to pay off all the debts and any burden, only to find that Willy is taking his life because of the insurance money.

4. How irony is conveyed

What seems very ironical in this book is that Willy Loman is a loser in life, but he constantly advisesa his children on how to become successful in life. He was advising his sons how to become success as early as they were in school, and he still continues advising then on how to be success when they reached their thirties. This is happening as Willy is getting old and old and has worn out. Willy himself does not know how to succeed in life. In his imaginations, he keeps on asking his brother Ben the secrets of success that give a clear indication that Willy does not know the secrets of success and yet he insists on teaching his sons.

5. What is revealed about characters through their actions?

Willy Loman’s actions reveal that he is a man of big dreams, precisely American Dream. He wants greater things in life and trust that for him to advance great opportunities and move the ladder of success must be liked and known by the big and wealthy people in the society.

Linder’s action has portrayed her as loving and devoted wife. She seems to be an easy going woman. She always go with the flow and always try to calm Willy whenever he is upset.

Charly’s action has proved that he is a true friend. Despite being mocked by Willy and his sons, Charley still goes ahead to hepl them in thir financial problems.

Bliff: despite too much pressure to bring success home, he repents the reflection of true life as what his father wanted to be never come true despite being forced not follow his own dreams in life.

Happy’s characters depict him as a happy man. The fact that Willy does not expect a lot as opposed to his brother Bliff, he lives a free life making have ample time to make friendships both with male and females.

Reference

Miller, A. (1994). Death of a salesman. Oxford: Heinemann.

situation in libya and law of war

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Law of war

Libya is faced by many challenges and risks. It does not have the consensus strategies necessary required for a constitution giving the government legitimacy to resolve monopoly conflicts of arms dealing. The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities who attack the regime frequently. Such situations hinder economic development required to meet the needs of the population. If Libya does not reach on a constitution that gives the regime the legitimacy to enforce law,

The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. There was an organized military operation to fight terrorists from Afghanistan and Iraq without any intentions of negotiations. The organized military operation is well thought-out as an act of war. President Bush administration is ready to move out of the boarders to fight terrorism (Blum & Heymann).These words are considered to influence a language of war, and the administration feels justified to execute the offenders without trial. The rules that govern an administration are usually weak and lose because the government is ready to do anything in the name of war. Many human rights are dishonored as suspects are killed without having proper trial. Every person is entitled to due process even if he is a suspect and fair trial should be conducted to him. The law advocates that an individual is blameless until confirmed guilty, but this does not apply in time of war. This is because suspects are executed and are not given a chance to confirm their innocence (Carothers). Despite the violations of human rights, war laws should be applied to terrorists.

Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The American government has literalized war; thus there are no clear distinctions between rules that must be applied during peaceful moments and what rules are acceptable during war times. Police and other law enforces are only allowed to use force only when threaten with death or physical injury ( Campbell & Mitchell). It is also stipulated in the international laws that a suspect should be tried after he is caught. This is not the case in the American government because the terrorist suspects are detained without trial. This is a violation of human rights because every individual is entitled to a due process. During the war, the law enforcement law and rules are replaced with international laws. The war rules stipulate that an enemy is to be shot without warning unless he is trying to surrender. An enemy caught in combat is detained until the war ends (Dobriansky).

Bush administration uses armed and lethal force to capture al-Qaida terrorist, which is not human. War on terrorism is considered real war; thus American laws ought to be sufficient in dealing with terrorists (Gaus). War is different based on the circumstances and basis it is undertaken. Using criminal law is a weak weapon in stopping terrorists because war is larger that this criminal activities. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get (Lieberthal). It is because of this strong measures should be used. Using criminal law is sufficient and advantageous during peaceful moments but it is not sufficient during war times. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. Criminal law suggests that the terrorist can only be sentenced with evidence from the eyewitness. Circumstantial evidence is not considered, and this can ruin the accessibility to the al-Qaida plans (Masters).

The American states have the strategies of ensuring that countries that produce oil stabilize so that they can access their oil. The USA marines during world war one become second from the fight and this ensured that the United States can have access to oil producing areas in overseas countries. Prior to second war of the world, United States was able to have ownership of oil rich places in Mexico and Caribbean region. Cold war and world war two gave the Americans motivations of maintaining and coming up with an economic strategy that influenced Latin Americans (Fusco, pp 43). Through power and determination USA was able to secure oil areas in Persian even though it was difficult because of the distance. USA took the roles of Britain in the Middle East after the second war of the world as the controllers of western interests.

People from Libya considered oil as the most import element source of power. These two great powers stopped using coal and started using oil as the source of power in the military. In connection to military source power, they came up with innovations such as submarines, and airplanes that used oil as a source of power. Other than the military using oil as their source of power, oil transformed USA into an industrious country in 20th century. After the year 1890 USA economy was greater than that Britain and after the year 1920 USA economy was much stronger than the economy of the six countries that are highly powerful.

Supplies of oil that are cheap and available are essential for the vehicles industry that played a significant role in the economy of USA during the 1920s and 1960s. Oil was adapted as the source of energy for transports in land and air as well as in water. This form of energy challenged coal as many industries and sectors turned to oils as a source of energy. Oil was use in heating and electric generation as well as power for machines. These machines were used to modernize agriculture and were used for production of pesticides. Oil was used for creating a modern life to the America citizens as much machinery used oil as a source of power (Hinnebusch, pp 45). At the time of the second world war America used oil as a source of energy. Most of the machinery and transportation facilities used oil as a source of energy in America.

USA has the highest prosperous and domestic oil corporations known as the seven sisters that dominated the oil sector from the 1920 to the 1970s. These corporations dominated the countries that have high oil production, which are Mexico and Venezuela. By dominating the oil industry America was considered the superpower during this period of time (Fusco, pp 23). In the years 1920s and 1930s American states supported US oil companies’ indulgence in the Middle East. The oil companies from USA are highly involved in oils regions in Netherlands. When world war two ended, USA oil companies produced approximately 40% of oil outside the states and the Soviet Union.

The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities that attack the regime frequently. The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get.Works cited

Aljazeera: is us down grade inevitable. 2011. Web april 2013

Available at,

<http://www.aljazeera.com/>

Reflection on the Interview Process

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Reflection on the Interview Process

The interview was done via a phone call to a registered nurse at Mayo Clinic working at the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). She was so friendly and cooperative during the whole interview process. The interview comprised of eight questions touching on different areas such as the drive to do nursing, the schooling requirements, and professional life as a nurse. I think the answers I received from this exercise were good and shed enough light on different aspects of the nursing profession.

I learnt enough things from this interview. One lesson learnt was some of the different reasons that drive people into doing what they love most. For this interviewee, her passion for becoming a nurse started long time ago as a young child, while for me the desire grew after my high school years. After I had done well in my high school level, I realized nursing was one of the best courses I would do because I would not lack a job opportunity and I would be contributing to a healthier nation through healthcare.

I also learnt about different schooling requirements for different levels in nursing. One can begin from humble beginnings and become whoever they wish to become. For instance my interviewee started from being a HOSA club member in high school to a nurse assistant and grew her way up to a registered nurse years later. For others, they can start from community level or jump straight to a degree in nursing all of which are essential.

Additionally, I also learnt about how to behave as a nurse and what the nursing profession entails. For instance this interviewee commented that she could overstretch to any lengths just to make sure her patients are well cared for and handed over to the next shift nurses before she could call it a day. I am also called to be selfless as a nurse because at the end of the day, quality care and health outcomes are of more concern to nurses than other things.

From the passion my interviewee had, I believe this is a profession I want to pursue to be at her level or more. Just like her, I am also delighted to see other people happy, smile and satisfied hence nursing is the only profession I can think of that can help me achieve that. Apart from that, I have gained some knowledge that nursing is not just about the happy side of life but a call that needs one to be strong enough because there are situations where outcomes will not be as desired but one has to dust and stand up for another day and another challenge.

This interview did not change my perception and desire to be a nurse. In fact it has strengthened it because I have heard from an expert in the field about the good and bad side of the profession. I believe with the right education, knowledge and skills gained from this college, I will be more than ready to embrace the bright side and mitigate the bad side hence attaining holistic goals for myself and patients. I have also had a desire to become a nurse for sometimes now and I think it will only be fair to myself if I embrace the challenge and pursue nursing to attain my future goals. Of course I want to be in a rewarding profession despite the challenges I may face because at the end of the day I will be delighted that I did the best I could and the right thing to everyone around me.

I have learned a lot from this interview but the most conspicuous idea I’ve come out with is that, one need not to give up no matter what. Even if the challenge is finances, one can start small and eventually attain their dream. It doesn’t matter where you began, but what matters is that you never gave up and you eventually attained your hearts desires. Like for her she began way in high school just as a club member and after that finances did not deter her from pursuing her dreams. She enrolled to a community training college for a nursing assistant role and here she is as a RN and working with one of the best clinics in the country. Furthermore, she is not done yet and still ready to enrol for a Masters degree and a PhD in nursing later soon. The best thing about this journey is that she is doing what she loves the most and so nothing can stop her from becoming who she wants to become in the future. We share similar sentiments and I am sure if I don’t give up, I can reach where she is and beyond with time.

New Zealand

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Institution

Introduction

The insight of environmental predicaments and their designation is reliant on the socio-cultural background in which they take place. The evaluation if a crisis or risk subsists, and at what degree it is compelling enough, could vary from society to society and would vary in due course. For instance, Japanese civilization instigates a stronger weight on ecological problems, which warn human health, as opposed to those difficulties that pressure the innate environment. The social, as well as cultural framework of the New Zealand civilization, has designated it is more amenable to nature conservation subjects. Countless New Zealand citizens regard the natural surroundings as distinctive, and in numerous instances it is; the valleys, the outstanding indigenous trees, waterways, lakes as well as exclusive flora and fauna. The country, more so as opposed to other civilizations, employs the natural surroundings to represent the nation, for example, kiwi, koru et cetera. A New Zealand citizen has as much to be associated with the nation’s physical surroundings just like its association with its history as well as culture. Conservation administration in New Zealand comprises of civilizing and societal features and viewpoints as well as environmental values. This paper centers on how cultural viewpoints control the management of the surroundings. This assumption and hypothesis begins with the manner New Zealanders esteem their surroundings, and the way bionetworks and the nation’s green reflection are placed on the global political agenda.

Conservation

Conserving particularly the natural surroundings:

• The conservation and vigilant administration of the surroundings as well as of Natural Resources.

•An occurrence of upgrading by virtue of avoiding failure or injury or additional change.

Conservation signifies the preservation and protection of innate and significant resources for the reason of upholding their inherent values, given their approval and frivolous enjoyment by the public, as well as, safeguarding the alternatives of potential generations. Nature protection denotes the preservation and defense of New Zealand’s innate resources, having consideration to their inherent significances and having regard to native flora and fauna, innate ecologies and landscape.

Environment

Environment comprises of:

a) Ecologies and their essential parts, comprising of people and societies; and

b) The entire innate as well as physical resources; and

c) Amenity Principles; and

d) The societal, economic, aesthetic, and civilizing situations that influence the matters articulated in (a) to (c) of this designation or those influenced by those aspects.

The Past

At the time, Europeans came to New Zealand in the belatedly 1800’s they came with established animals as well as plants. They considered that it would build New Zealand have the experience of being like their home plus they were attempting to perk up the region for themselves (McDonald, 2011). This deed had a key outcome on the innate surroundings in New Zealand, for example, launching rabbits. These animals had a key effect on New Zealand’s native flora, by browsing in the forest floor. They consume seeds, lawns and understory twigs and bushes in the forest. This sequentially, as well had a consequence on New Zealand’s fauna. Moa hatchlings were dependent on seeds and minute animals for the initial few years of their existence. With the setting up of creatures, for example, rabbits and rats (that the Polynesians as well introduced), they turned to being direct opposition for the little moa for provisions (Beattie & Star, 2010). The moa in the nation had no additional living thing in which it was in express rivalry with before this and fought to stay alive. In addition, the Moa was fully over hunted and their eggs were utilized by the Polynesians as being a food source. In due course, it was educational and societal aspects that sent the Moa to extermination in New Zealand (Lovelock, 2005). This instance of societal and enlightening insinuations on the surroundings has been realized from and currently some native geneses in New Zealand are defended, so the identical destinies as the Moa never expand to other geneses presently in New Zealand, for example, the kiwi. Up to the conclusion of World War II, the animal reserves were merely established because the regions were considered as being misused land. Moreover, the reserves were considered to be a revered location of Maori. An example is that the initial National Park was developed in the country in 1894, since the Maori was frightened that the white persons, who had come to New Zealand, would take or assume ownership of their mountain that was tapu. Protection and ecosystem was not truly considered about in the untimely 1900’s. Growing and establishing National parks, as well as, reserves were further for societal and civilizing gain. It was at that time remarkably universal (up to World War II) to watch browsing, hunting and deforestation in National Parks, as well as, reserves (Lynch, 2012).

Cultural and societal viewpoints have since varied in New Zealand and possibly the world over. Presently, ecological and conservation administration is concerned with protection and natural balance. Economics although, still assumes an outsized branch of ecological management. Natural legacy to any nation is a civilizing notion. Natural conservation regions and reserves are perceived as being a pinnacle’ of the nation and are currently respected locals by sightseer, government subdivisions and the societies. Conservation, as well as, Environmental Management, will merely be victorious if it recognizes and reacts to the human, civilizing and societal aspects of a society or a region.

Case study of a Forest and Bird Project – Community involvement

Royal Forest, as well as, Bird Protection Society, is New Zealand’s primary autonomous conservation association. It was engulfed in the societal and political environment of the untimely 1900’s, a time when Forest along with Bird was established. The Local Bird Protection culture, as then known, apprehended its initial communal conference in March 1923 plus was directed by Captain Sanderson (Forest and Bird, 2008). During this era, Captain Sanderson was the motivating force behind inventing the Native Bird Protection Culture. Its unique principle was to reinstate Kapiti Island to its previous splendor. It additional principle was to sustain the flora and fauna reserve position it was provided with in the belatedly 1800’s. In 1923, and in numerous years before, Kapiti Island was teemed with livestock, sheep and goats, which were grazing the plant life and killing surroundings for the indigenous birds, providing no consideration to its flora and fauna reserve position (Forest and Bird, 2008). The Society started to widen its prospects and commenced to concentrate on numerous different aspects. Still nowadays, it has similar purposes as when it initially started, to defend New Zealand’s local surroundings, their environments and the innate attractive values.

Forest and Bird nowadays has developed from potency to strength. It encompasses over 40,000 affiliates in 54 branches all through New Zealand (Cuervo & Restrepo, 2007). Affiliates can be any person who has an adoration and interest for maintenance and the surroundings to be precise. In support of its affiliates, Forest and Bird supporters, lobby and fix capitulations to central and home government on protection and ecological aspects and activities. Supporting Forest and Bird along with their efforts is evidence that it is one of the principal social associations affecting ecological administration in New Zealand. There are several opportunities of protection and environmental administration, which Forest and Bird is engrossed in aid of its constituents, a number of includes:

•Nautical and coastal regions

•High state regions

•Re-establishing the Dawn Chorus – Bird protection

•Biosecurity

•Resource Administration

•Mining

•Fresh and Clean Water maintenance

Present History

The organization was originally established to defend the countries native forests, as well as, birds. Its current role has primarily grown to comprise fortification of all native varieties and untamed regions, on earth and in the nation’s oceans, lakes, as well as, rivers. The organization provides a pro-conservation say for all the endangered species and delicate places – from imperiled Maui’s dolphins to the tussock-lands of the nation. New Zealand’s region envelops a region of ocean lots of times larger than the country’s land mass, as well as, it is residence to lots of itinerant species, for example, seabirds along with marine mammals. The organization works with other ecological organizations, for example, BirdLife International, on protecting ecological issues in the country’s Exclusive Economic region, the extended Pacific, as well as, in Antarctica. The organization is not a government institute and never receives government finances. Nonetheless, it depends on the kindness of its members’ donations, contributions and inheritances to perform its conservation efforts.

How does Forest and Bird manipulate protection management?

The organization has established a system of 38 reserves plus sanctuaries for its resident species that are enthusiastically controlled by its members. It has as well productively campaigned for larger protection for its local animals and assisted to bring lots of species, for example, the kakapo, as well as, black robin, which were on the verge of extermination (Fuller & Rose, 2003). The organization has as well published awareness-raising magazines plus guides, for example, the organization’s periodical magazine, Forest and Bird, along with the organization’s popular customer brochure termed as the Best Fish Guide. Forest and Bird organization has also created numerous awareness-raising occasions, for example, the once a year Bird of the Year survey (Narwade et al, 2011).

The organization has established seven cottages all through the nation, since its members can obtain up-close and private with the resident birds, plants, not forgetting wild places. Since lots of the species set up in New Zealand traversal and comprehensive borders, the organization has a diversity of national and global partners, for example, BirdLife International. Given that Forest & Bird was established, communal parks, as well as, reserves have augmented to where they currently envelop a third of New Zealand, logging of indigenous forests has practically congested, and numerous species have been taken back from the point of extermination. The organization has been at the front position of almost all of the main conservation operations of the previous eight decades, for example, the struggle to protect Lake Manapouri plus the encounter to stop taking down of local trees in the nation’s North Island woodlands along with on the West Coast. Forest and Bird, established to defend New Zealand’s local forests as well as birds, presently encompasses an extensive brief: the conservation of the entire native, locales and wild regions.

How Can Community and Individuals Become Involved?

With this question, one could ask himself what could be the most significant thing in the planet. The answer could probably lie in the people and only them to be precise. This is in the consideration that this question does not embrace that citizens can by no means precipitate or direct over ecological disasters. In history and even lately, they have the capability and do; so frequently, it can be stated, as a consequence of poverty or the fighting. Citizens are not essentially an ecological blight, as implied by researchers. People might be caustic, but once shown the consequences to the ecological outcomes of their deeds, the organization is as well capable of altering people’s behavior, or establishing the conditions essential for change (Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, 2009). Therefore, the buried supposition in any declarations to the consequence that all which is required to instigate the planet a “better” place in some way.

This in some way is obliged to reduce human inhabitants, are a backdoor, method of articulating that humans are merely and simply beings of nature, without any religious aspect to them, not capable of following any coded track of the act in the long-term, predominantly a guiding principle that might aggravate immediate or transitional material gain (Griesser et al, 2007). However, most people, maybe even an immense majority, will, possibly, intentionally and willingly change their behavior, and to their individual cost, wherever they come to consider that a meticulous strategy is wrong – even if the alteration might be problematic, or tricky, or costly. For civilization, it has to be a significant world and a planet where all responsible persons desire to know. After this realization, people have to take action upon their truthfully-held principles concerning what it is moral to implement, plus cannot be implemented (Munro et al, 2011). Despoiling the innate surroundings, both for this generation and for the entire of those organizations that emerge after it, must certainly be objectionable to any hard-working adult who provides the time to consider the environmental outcomes of clearly negligent deeds.

References

Beattie, J., & Star, P. (2010). Global Influences and Local Environments: Forestry and Forest

Conservation in New Zealand, 1850s-1925. British Scholar Journal, 3(2), 191-218.

Cuervo, A. M., & Restrepo, C. (2007). Assemblage and Population-Level Consequences of

Forest Fragmentation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Tropical Montane Birds. Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society, 92(1), 119-133. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00884.x

Fuller, R. J., & Rose, C. (2003). Bird Life of Woodland and Forest; With Line Ill. By Chris

Rose. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Griesser, M., Nystrand, M., Eggers, S., & Ekman, J. (2007). Impact of Forestry Practices on

Fitness Correlates and Population Productivity in

Lovelock, B. (2005). Tea-sippers or Arsonists? Environmental NGOs and Their Responses to

Protected Area Tourism: A Study of the Royal Forest

Lynch, J. (2012). New Zealand Case Studies. Environmental Education, 10041.

McDonald, P. (2011). Foot-Tracks in New Zealand: Origins, Access Issues and Recent

Developments. Dunedin, N.Z.: P. McDonald.

Munro, N. T., Fischer, J., Barrett, G., Wood, J., Leavesley, A., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2011).

Bird’s Response to Revegetation of Different

Narwade, S., Kalra, M., Jagdish, R., Varier, D., Satpute, S., Khan, N., & … Sood, R. (2011).

Literature based species occurrence data of birds of northeast India. Zookeys, 150407-417. doi:10.3897/zookeys.150.2002

Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand. (2009). Wild Encounters: A Forest &

Bird Guide To Discovering New Zealand’s Unique Wildlife. Auckland, N.Z: Penguin.

Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, (2008). Available at:

http://www.forestandbird.org.nz/index.asp

Literary Analysis of Young Goodman BrownB

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Literary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown

“Young Goodman Brown” a story by Nathaniel Hawthorn which commonly talks about the power of social expectations, the transformation of people’s way of living as well as the grip of the past. It is a precise and well-elaborated story on how the community is corrupt and how hypocrisy hides the real image of the society. It is about Goodman Brown on how he used to figure out the politicians, spiritual leaders, the community members and his wife Faith as the epitome of moral ethics in the society. However, all this trust and believe ended changing him to an independent person who cannot trust on anyone in the community even his wife after knowing that they were all involved in the evil ceremony that usually happened during the night on the sacred forests. Hawthorn appropriately applies literary devices to bring out the plot of the story as well as its clear interpretation. Characterization has been well put off in the story where the main characters are Goodman Brown, Faith, and the Old Man. In this paper, the literary critical analysis of the “Young Goodman Brown” in regards of the themes, symbolism, historical content, motifs, themes, settings, the dark romantics and fall of man as well as the plot as brought up in the story are elaborated into an in-depth extent.

The settings of the story reflect the historical context of the community as well as the cultural beliefs and erosion of ethics in the society. Considering its environmental settings is in a rural area at Salem village where the evil people were associated with dark things used to attend the evil ceremony at night. The witch and people who were believed to be going the religion rules were the ones associated with such ceremonies (Hawthorne, page 13). Even though the author does not put clear whether it was the reality or a dream, it shows that during the nineteenth-century people were corrupt in superstition and other cultural beliefs that put a boundary between them and Christianity. Women were associated with purity and were regarded as vital pillars of the family in the matters regarding religion in the community. Good Brown believed that his wife was pure and the one to lead him towards the kingdom of heaven and attended the ceremony saying that it would be the last time and he follows Faith’s footsteps. However, it was against his expectations and surprising to meet her on the evil’s ceremony during the night. The case was not different with the deacons, and other community leaders who were regarded as the mirror of the society and Young Goodman Brown could not trust them anymore.

Dark romantics are also part of the story which author uses to express the cultural beliefs of many others writers in the early nineteenth-century deed. The gothic story composes a description of gloomy events followed with the psychological nuisance. The author uses his wife to illustrate the act of evil in the society and hypocrisy ending up never to trust anyone and living according to his principles and religious beliefs. It is traumatizing that Goodman Brown has kept hope for his wife as the one to transform and lead him towards the Christianity ways, but later realized she was also involved in the evil ceremony. The religious leaders and politicians are respectable heads of the community who tricks people about their love of God and public, but they are hypocrites who get involved in witchcraft and all other sorts of evils (Takeuchi, page 21). The “Young Goodman Brown” acts as a metaphor for the fall of man in the society regarding the author’s illustration of what he sees as hypocrisy and integral imperfection in the nation’s religion. It symbolically reflects the story in the bible on how the serpent enticed Eve to take the forbidden fruit which also put Adam in the same action and finally they were exiled from the garden of Aden and subjected to the pain of evils they deed. Goodman Brown was enticed by the Oldman to attend the dark ceremony where afterward realized the hypocrisy and moral degradation in the society and ended up trusting no one even his beloved wife.

The author accurately uses themes to bring out the conflict and other critical devices as well as development of the story’s plot. The themes that are mainly reflected in the story include the weakness of public morality, fear of wilderness and the inevitable loss of innocence. The mentioned above themes are the ones that the author applies bringing out the conflict and enhancing readers understandability. The theme of the weakness of public morality is reflected in the story where all the people in the community beginning with politicians to religious leaders and civilians are involved in unethical deeds. It illustrated in a conflict of the story before Goodman Brown attending the evil ceremony and at the climax where he decided never to trust anybody in the community and live his own moral life. The theme of fear of wilderness also significantly enhances plot development. Goodman Brown was in high terror as he gets into the lonely forest and meets with the Oldman (Melville, page 17). The wilderness represented evil as he was afraid and ashamed of being seen by other community members in the forest such as the woman whom they met on their way to the evil ceremony. The theme of inevitable loss of innocence creates the climax of the story. After realizing that all the community members are evil and eroded with hypocrisy, Goodman Brown decided to live independently and seek his interventions towards religion and the kingdom of heaven.

According to the discussion above, hawthorn’s “Young Goodman Brown” is a reflection of the today’s society where people have to live on their means and they are responsible for the evil deeds that one commits. The story is educative not only to the present but also the future generations as it shows how hypocrisy has corrupted the society in all the sectors both social-economically and political basis.

References

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Booklassic, 2015.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Simon and Schuster, 2012.

Melville, Herman. “Hawthorne and his Mosses.” Literary World 17 (2015): 17.

Takeuchi, Kisaki. “An Analysis of Hawthorne and Akutagawa.” (2016).

Significant Modification of Abuse Law

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Significant Modification of Abuse LawDrug abuse is one of the depriving offenses in America that significantly affects the society as well as the individual users. Various laws have been put in place where the drug users have punished accordingly regarding the law. However, the act of jailing and casting various punishment to the victims raise the disturbing question. Does punishing the users have any impact on a life of the offenders or is just subjecting suffering to them? What are the other ways to make the victims better after the jail term and rectify their bad behavior as they get back to the community? Many of these drug traffickers in America have used the substances for a long time and are addicts. Therefore, the point of interest is that apart from the users just being punished there can be a mechanism where for a significant portion of their jail term they can be taken to a rehab where they can rectify their behavior (Kerrison, page 11). In this paper, the pro and cons of changing the law regarding drug abuse in a way that the victims can spend part of it serving the jail term and the other half on rehab are discussed into an In-depth extent.

It is right that they deserve the punishment for their unlawful deeds, but they are nation’s civilians whom after the jail term are supposed to be productive to the society. From the point of view, the current law is not fair as to the offenders as they are citizens as well as brothers and sisters to various people in the community who would like to see a change in their lives. Change is inevitable and for the nation to develop both socially and economically productive solution has to be put into action. The point of interest regards incorporating the law that will do not only state punishment to drug users but also efficiently state they should be taken to rehab (Arora et.al page 136). For instance, there before when establishing the law, the forefathers had an intention of making the offenders rectify their behaviors in the term of punishing them so that they can realize their mistakes. However, as time goes, it is evident that the victims do not change their character and after the jail terms, they continue with the same behavior of abusing the substance.

Substances are addictive, and they also have long-term effects on the users as well as the community. For instance, through passive smoking non-smokers are significantly affected by the nicotine available in cigarettes. The addicts experience lots of health implications and hallucinations that the possibility of committing crimes are high. Also, they require finances to purchase the drugs which are at many times costly as the drug traffickers take high risks when they are supplying them, and in return, they expect high profits. Therefore, the addicts at many times found in criminal activities such as robbery and burglary so that they can get the money to purchase the substance. The family, as well as other community members, suffer significant consequences as they are the victims of all these misconducts done by the drug users. Thus, rectification of the drug users’ behavior during their imprisonment is a valid thing that immediate actions are supposed to be taken (Johnson, et al. page 4).

The act of introducing rehab session as a part of jail term has its pros and cons which make different people come up with a different point of views and arguments. To begin, with are the advantages of rectifying the law regarding punishing drug users in America overpowers the repercussions. It is true that the users are offenders of law, and they deserve the punishment, but taking them to the rehab will not only help them to cease from the unethical behavior but also shapes their life and changes the character. Rehab centers in the country play a vital role in the community as they derive the pessimistic users from substance addiction into a drug-free lifestyle. Many people fall into the trap of drug use unaware mostly due to peer pressure and depression as a way of relieving stress. Therefore, it is morally upright to help them change their behavior and get back to the community productive.

Also, taking the prisoners to rehab gives them a chance to meditate and think about their future as well as that of the society as they are taught the effects of substance to their well-being as well as the community in general. The rehab centers have been primarily put in place to shape and change drug addicts. Therefore, there are experts in guidance and counseling who knows how to approach drug addicts as well as how to psychologically change their perspective regarding the use of the substance. It is right that not all drugs are prohibited in the country, but the fact remains that with abuse all the substance are hazardous to human health. For instance, the experts may decide to regulate the rate at which the addict take drugs up to a point where they can comfortably survive without their use (Chie et.al page 90). The case is different with imprisonment as the drug user has no option apart from entirely ceasing from drug use during the jail term where many ends up suffering to the extent of demise.

Furthermore, apart from being taught the technicalities of surviving without substance abuse in the rehab, the drug addicts are equipped with moral values as well as discipline and how to approach the community comprehensively after the session. Ethnicity is the key to discipline and well-being in the society. Thus the rectification of the moral deprivation due to drug use is a sound action. The victims will be taught on how to stay together with family, relative and other community members without the ego of disownment. The family, as well as society at large, are for the rectification of behavior, and that is the primary reason behind putting the law in action.

On the other side, the act of taking the prisoners to the rehab for a significant portion of imprisonment has its disadvantages. First, the government will incur extra cost for the programs and other operations to be carried out during the process. However, with sufficient results that are beneficial to the society, it is worth to incur the extra cost. Also, it is clear that the act of drug abuse will increase as people will be confident that even after addiction they will get out of it for free by the government. It is correct, but the better part of it is that the jail term, as well as punishment, remains in place. First and foremost the offenders have to serve their jail term as per the law and the only change expected is an addition of the rehab bit. It is common that all things have pro and cons, but it is prudent to go for the ones that their benefits suppress the shortcomings.

As discussed above, the act of changing drug abuse law in a way that the offenders be spending half of it serving a jail term and the rest of the rehab is sound and beneficial to the society. However, the burden of changing the behavior of drug addicts should not be put aside only for the government but should also be an individual responsibility of accepting the victims back into the community as well as showing them a right path toward ethical conducts.

References

Arora, Hobinder, et al. “Evaluation of socio-demographic profile of the drug abusers visiting drug deaddiction centre at Faridkot, Punjab.” Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 4.2 (2016): 136.

Chie, Qiu Ting, et al. “substance abuse, relapse, and Treatment Program evaluation in Malaysia: Perspective of rehab Patients and staff Using the Mixed Method approach.” Frontiers in psychiatry 7 (2016): 90.

Johnson, Byron R., et al. “Faith and Service: Pathways to Identity Transformation and Correctional Reform.” Finding Freedom in Confinement: The Role of Religion in Prison Life (2018): 3.

Kerrison, Erin M. “Exploring how prison-based drug rehabilitation programming shapes racial disparities in substance use disorder recovery.” Social Science & Medicine (2017).

The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Plan

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The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Plan

The speakers of the 10-point program or plan are Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Both of these men were the founders of the Black Panther Party. The party was founded for the sake of providing self-defense to the Black community and especially with focus on armed self-defense, nationalism and socialism of the Black community at a time when racism was at its peak. Its formation was in October of 1966. The establishment of the Black community’s destiny was at the forefront of the direction of the party and the motivating factor amidst the ongoing racial issues.

The speakers are trying to communicate the need and importance of freedom and access to rights for the Black community as a way of bringing equality for them in a similar manner as the White community enjoys it. They are trying to convince those in power that they are just as entitled to all these rights as everyone else who gets to enjoy them freely. While communicating this, the speakers are also trying to bring to light the line that exists between the Black and White communities, identifying how racism remains pronounced for the Black community and how this has made it difficult for them to live at ease and in peace (Calloway).

This topic is of great concern to the speakers since they have been the victims of racism before and they are, therefore, creating a platform for all members of the Black community where their needs and difficulties can be heard. It is a matter that they have had enough of and they are hoping that the mobilization of the Black folk would mean that the creation of this platform would increase the volume for the change that they need and want as a way of creating equality across the United States. The topic is also of a great concern since it affects the livelihood of the Black community members and how they get around their lives on a daily basis. Airing this concern and having adjustments made as a result would mean more freedom for the community on their day to day lives and being placed on the same pedestal as the White community. This would eventually lead to communities that work together for the good of themselves and the country at large.

The speakers of the Ten Point Program are addressing the White racist government of America, which has been continuously victimizing the Black community within the United States of America. The demands that the speakers make within the plan are all those that the government is required to meet for its people without bias. However, these needs are only being met for the White community while leaving out the Black community to fend for its self while enabling the White community to remain racist in all views. The government is supposed to help out its people by ensuring that there is freedom for all, employment is provided to all, provide compensation for those who have suffered in the hands of the government, provision of decent housing and provision of education. On top of this, the government is required to end brutality by the police, to try all men fairly and provide the basics of life to all. The speakers want to be heard by the government that has been biased against their community while making it clear that color ought not to be the reason for divide or treating others differently (Courtright).

The mode or medium of communication that has been applied by the speakers is the written version. The speakers took to an approach that would be easy for the people from the black community and others to subscribe to. At the same time, this written option would easily have access by the public given the fact that it was published within the party’s newsletter, accessible by many, if not all, of the members. This greatly relates to their purpose of being heard and seeking freedom while putting across the message of equality to the government. Having the written work published would mean that both the members of the Black community and the public at large would catch a glimpse of the writing so that the government would know that it is in the limelight and it would not get to deny facts put across.

The three types of appeal are evident in the ten point program. Logos is used in the case of the demand for the forty acres and two mules, the speakers are trying to bring sense to the table by sharing the fate that the Black community suffered, comparing this to the case of the Jews who suffered an ill fate and were compensated. It would then only make sense if so many Americans suffered a fate that the government was liable to, thus demanding an overdue debt for their troubles. Ethos has been used in the case of the plea of exempting the Black men from military service for defense with the White men already exempted, for the sake of killing other people of color. This is morally wrong since the government is using victimized Black people to kill others who have been victimized too, while excluding the Whites in the process. The speakers use pathos to show the audience the pitiful sight that the Black community has to go through. In the process, the appeals have been used to the pain and trials that the Black community goes through and identify why these struggles have to come to an end given that they are inhumane.

References

Calloway, Carolyn R. “Group Cohesiveness in the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 8.1 (1977): 55-74.

Courtright, John A. “Rhetoric of the gun: An analysis of the rhetorical modifications of the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 249-267.