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situation in libya and law of war

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Law of war

Libya is faced by many challenges and risks. It does not have the consensus strategies necessary required for a constitution giving the government legitimacy to resolve monopoly conflicts of arms dealing. The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities who attack the regime frequently. Such situations hinder economic development required to meet the needs of the population. If Libya does not reach on a constitution that gives the regime the legitimacy to enforce law,

The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. There was an organized military operation to fight terrorists from Afghanistan and Iraq without any intentions of negotiations. The organized military operation is well thought-out as an act of war. President Bush administration is ready to move out of the boarders to fight terrorism (Blum & Heymann).These words are considered to influence a language of war, and the administration feels justified to execute the offenders without trial. The rules that govern an administration are usually weak and lose because the government is ready to do anything in the name of war. Many human rights are dishonored as suspects are killed without having proper trial. Every person is entitled to due process even if he is a suspect and fair trial should be conducted to him. The law advocates that an individual is blameless until confirmed guilty, but this does not apply in time of war. This is because suspects are executed and are not given a chance to confirm their innocence (Carothers). Despite the violations of human rights, war laws should be applied to terrorists.

Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The American government has literalized war; thus there are no clear distinctions between rules that must be applied during peaceful moments and what rules are acceptable during war times. Police and other law enforces are only allowed to use force only when threaten with death or physical injury ( Campbell & Mitchell). It is also stipulated in the international laws that a suspect should be tried after he is caught. This is not the case in the American government because the terrorist suspects are detained without trial. This is a violation of human rights because every individual is entitled to a due process. During the war, the law enforcement law and rules are replaced with international laws. The war rules stipulate that an enemy is to be shot without warning unless he is trying to surrender. An enemy caught in combat is detained until the war ends (Dobriansky).

Bush administration uses armed and lethal force to capture al-Qaida terrorist, which is not human. War on terrorism is considered real war; thus American laws ought to be sufficient in dealing with terrorists (Gaus). War is different based on the circumstances and basis it is undertaken. Using criminal law is a weak weapon in stopping terrorists because war is larger that this criminal activities. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get (Lieberthal). It is because of this strong measures should be used. Using criminal law is sufficient and advantageous during peaceful moments but it is not sufficient during war times. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. Criminal law suggests that the terrorist can only be sentenced with evidence from the eyewitness. Circumstantial evidence is not considered, and this can ruin the accessibility to the al-Qaida plans (Masters).

The American states have the strategies of ensuring that countries that produce oil stabilize so that they can access their oil. The USA marines during world war one become second from the fight and this ensured that the United States can have access to oil producing areas in overseas countries. Prior to second war of the world, United States was able to have ownership of oil rich places in Mexico and Caribbean region. Cold war and world war two gave the Americans motivations of maintaining and coming up with an economic strategy that influenced Latin Americans (Fusco, pp 43). Through power and determination USA was able to secure oil areas in Persian even though it was difficult because of the distance. USA took the roles of Britain in the Middle East after the second war of the world as the controllers of western interests.

People from Libya considered oil as the most import element source of power. These two great powers stopped using coal and started using oil as the source of power in the military. In connection to military source power, they came up with innovations such as submarines, and airplanes that used oil as a source of power. Other than the military using oil as their source of power, oil transformed USA into an industrious country in 20th century. After the year 1890 USA economy was greater than that Britain and after the year 1920 USA economy was much stronger than the economy of the six countries that are highly powerful.

Supplies of oil that are cheap and available are essential for the vehicles industry that played a significant role in the economy of USA during the 1920s and 1960s. Oil was adapted as the source of energy for transports in land and air as well as in water. This form of energy challenged coal as many industries and sectors turned to oils as a source of energy. Oil was use in heating and electric generation as well as power for machines. These machines were used to modernize agriculture and were used for production of pesticides. Oil was used for creating a modern life to the America citizens as much machinery used oil as a source of power (Hinnebusch, pp 45). At the time of the second world war America used oil as a source of energy. Most of the machinery and transportation facilities used oil as a source of energy in America.

USA has the highest prosperous and domestic oil corporations known as the seven sisters that dominated the oil sector from the 1920 to the 1970s. These corporations dominated the countries that have high oil production, which are Mexico and Venezuela. By dominating the oil industry America was considered the superpower during this period of time (Fusco, pp 23). In the years 1920s and 1930s American states supported US oil companies’ indulgence in the Middle East. The oil companies from USA are highly involved in oils regions in Netherlands. When world war two ended, USA oil companies produced approximately 40% of oil outside the states and the Soviet Union.

The security situation is unstable and violence is prone in the country, the inability to fairly transmit power is evident as power is competed for by unofficial armed entities that attack the regime frequently. The American administration is ready to fight terrorism to the farthest extent without caring of the consequence. This is evident when president bush proclaimed that his government would blast the terrorist from their hide out. Many terrorist suspects are apprehended without trial, and this is a violation of human rights. The American administration makes the process easy in the justification that they are fighting terrorism. The criminal law is for punishing and inflicting stigma to domestic criminals. Terrorist are not allowed to go through a due process because they put harm to the national security; hence, they are detained without trial. The American administration realized this very late after the terrorists had done remarkable damage. It is not rational in treating terrorist as common criminals who commit suicide because they are ready to strike any moment they get.Works cited

Aljazeera: is us down grade inevitable. 2011. Web april 2013

Available at,

<http://www.aljazeera.com/>

Reflection on the Interview Process

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Reflection on the Interview Process

The interview was done via a phone call to a registered nurse at Mayo Clinic working at the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). She was so friendly and cooperative during the whole interview process. The interview comprised of eight questions touching on different areas such as the drive to do nursing, the schooling requirements, and professional life as a nurse. I think the answers I received from this exercise were good and shed enough light on different aspects of the nursing profession.

I learnt enough things from this interview. One lesson learnt was some of the different reasons that drive people into doing what they love most. For this interviewee, her passion for becoming a nurse started long time ago as a young child, while for me the desire grew after my high school years. After I had done well in my high school level, I realized nursing was one of the best courses I would do because I would not lack a job opportunity and I would be contributing to a healthier nation through healthcare.

I also learnt about different schooling requirements for different levels in nursing. One can begin from humble beginnings and become whoever they wish to become. For instance my interviewee started from being a HOSA club member in high school to a nurse assistant and grew her way up to a registered nurse years later. For others, they can start from community level or jump straight to a degree in nursing all of which are essential.

Additionally, I also learnt about how to behave as a nurse and what the nursing profession entails. For instance this interviewee commented that she could overstretch to any lengths just to make sure her patients are well cared for and handed over to the next shift nurses before she could call it a day. I am also called to be selfless as a nurse because at the end of the day, quality care and health outcomes are of more concern to nurses than other things.

From the passion my interviewee had, I believe this is a profession I want to pursue to be at her level or more. Just like her, I am also delighted to see other people happy, smile and satisfied hence nursing is the only profession I can think of that can help me achieve that. Apart from that, I have gained some knowledge that nursing is not just about the happy side of life but a call that needs one to be strong enough because there are situations where outcomes will not be as desired but one has to dust and stand up for another day and another challenge.

This interview did not change my perception and desire to be a nurse. In fact it has strengthened it because I have heard from an expert in the field about the good and bad side of the profession. I believe with the right education, knowledge and skills gained from this college, I will be more than ready to embrace the bright side and mitigate the bad side hence attaining holistic goals for myself and patients. I have also had a desire to become a nurse for sometimes now and I think it will only be fair to myself if I embrace the challenge and pursue nursing to attain my future goals. Of course I want to be in a rewarding profession despite the challenges I may face because at the end of the day I will be delighted that I did the best I could and the right thing to everyone around me.

I have learned a lot from this interview but the most conspicuous idea I’ve come out with is that, one need not to give up no matter what. Even if the challenge is finances, one can start small and eventually attain their dream. It doesn’t matter where you began, but what matters is that you never gave up and you eventually attained your hearts desires. Like for her she began way in high school just as a club member and after that finances did not deter her from pursuing her dreams. She enrolled to a community training college for a nursing assistant role and here she is as a RN and working with one of the best clinics in the country. Furthermore, she is not done yet and still ready to enrol for a Masters degree and a PhD in nursing later soon. The best thing about this journey is that she is doing what she loves the most and so nothing can stop her from becoming who she wants to become in the future. We share similar sentiments and I am sure if I don’t give up, I can reach where she is and beyond with time.

New Zealand

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Institution

Introduction

The insight of environmental predicaments and their designation is reliant on the socio-cultural background in which they take place. The evaluation if a crisis or risk subsists, and at what degree it is compelling enough, could vary from society to society and would vary in due course. For instance, Japanese civilization instigates a stronger weight on ecological problems, which warn human health, as opposed to those difficulties that pressure the innate environment. The social, as well as cultural framework of the New Zealand civilization, has designated it is more amenable to nature conservation subjects. Countless New Zealand citizens regard the natural surroundings as distinctive, and in numerous instances it is; the valleys, the outstanding indigenous trees, waterways, lakes as well as exclusive flora and fauna. The country, more so as opposed to other civilizations, employs the natural surroundings to represent the nation, for example, kiwi, koru et cetera. A New Zealand citizen has as much to be associated with the nation’s physical surroundings just like its association with its history as well as culture. Conservation administration in New Zealand comprises of civilizing and societal features and viewpoints as well as environmental values. This paper centers on how cultural viewpoints control the management of the surroundings. This assumption and hypothesis begins with the manner New Zealanders esteem their surroundings, and the way bionetworks and the nation’s green reflection are placed on the global political agenda.

Conservation

Conserving particularly the natural surroundings:

• The conservation and vigilant administration of the surroundings as well as of Natural Resources.

•An occurrence of upgrading by virtue of avoiding failure or injury or additional change.

Conservation signifies the preservation and protection of innate and significant resources for the reason of upholding their inherent values, given their approval and frivolous enjoyment by the public, as well as, safeguarding the alternatives of potential generations. Nature protection denotes the preservation and defense of New Zealand’s innate resources, having consideration to their inherent significances and having regard to native flora and fauna, innate ecologies and landscape.

Environment

Environment comprises of:

a) Ecologies and their essential parts, comprising of people and societies; and

b) The entire innate as well as physical resources; and

c) Amenity Principles; and

d) The societal, economic, aesthetic, and civilizing situations that influence the matters articulated in (a) to (c) of this designation or those influenced by those aspects.

The Past

At the time, Europeans came to New Zealand in the belatedly 1800’s they came with established animals as well as plants. They considered that it would build New Zealand have the experience of being like their home plus they were attempting to perk up the region for themselves (McDonald, 2011). This deed had a key outcome on the innate surroundings in New Zealand, for example, launching rabbits. These animals had a key effect on New Zealand’s native flora, by browsing in the forest floor. They consume seeds, lawns and understory twigs and bushes in the forest. This sequentially, as well had a consequence on New Zealand’s fauna. Moa hatchlings were dependent on seeds and minute animals for the initial few years of their existence. With the setting up of creatures, for example, rabbits and rats (that the Polynesians as well introduced), they turned to being direct opposition for the little moa for provisions (Beattie & Star, 2010). The moa in the nation had no additional living thing in which it was in express rivalry with before this and fought to stay alive. In addition, the Moa was fully over hunted and their eggs were utilized by the Polynesians as being a food source. In due course, it was educational and societal aspects that sent the Moa to extermination in New Zealand (Lovelock, 2005). This instance of societal and enlightening insinuations on the surroundings has been realized from and currently some native geneses in New Zealand are defended, so the identical destinies as the Moa never expand to other geneses presently in New Zealand, for example, the kiwi. Up to the conclusion of World War II, the animal reserves were merely established because the regions were considered as being misused land. Moreover, the reserves were considered to be a revered location of Maori. An example is that the initial National Park was developed in the country in 1894, since the Maori was frightened that the white persons, who had come to New Zealand, would take or assume ownership of their mountain that was tapu. Protection and ecosystem was not truly considered about in the untimely 1900’s. Growing and establishing National parks, as well as, reserves were further for societal and civilizing gain. It was at that time remarkably universal (up to World War II) to watch browsing, hunting and deforestation in National Parks, as well as, reserves (Lynch, 2012).

Cultural and societal viewpoints have since varied in New Zealand and possibly the world over. Presently, ecological and conservation administration is concerned with protection and natural balance. Economics although, still assumes an outsized branch of ecological management. Natural legacy to any nation is a civilizing notion. Natural conservation regions and reserves are perceived as being a pinnacle’ of the nation and are currently respected locals by sightseer, government subdivisions and the societies. Conservation, as well as, Environmental Management, will merely be victorious if it recognizes and reacts to the human, civilizing and societal aspects of a society or a region.

Case study of a Forest and Bird Project – Community involvement

Royal Forest, as well as, Bird Protection Society, is New Zealand’s primary autonomous conservation association. It was engulfed in the societal and political environment of the untimely 1900’s, a time when Forest along with Bird was established. The Local Bird Protection culture, as then known, apprehended its initial communal conference in March 1923 plus was directed by Captain Sanderson (Forest and Bird, 2008). During this era, Captain Sanderson was the motivating force behind inventing the Native Bird Protection Culture. Its unique principle was to reinstate Kapiti Island to its previous splendor. It additional principle was to sustain the flora and fauna reserve position it was provided with in the belatedly 1800’s. In 1923, and in numerous years before, Kapiti Island was teemed with livestock, sheep and goats, which were grazing the plant life and killing surroundings for the indigenous birds, providing no consideration to its flora and fauna reserve position (Forest and Bird, 2008). The Society started to widen its prospects and commenced to concentrate on numerous different aspects. Still nowadays, it has similar purposes as when it initially started, to defend New Zealand’s local surroundings, their environments and the innate attractive values.

Forest and Bird nowadays has developed from potency to strength. It encompasses over 40,000 affiliates in 54 branches all through New Zealand (Cuervo & Restrepo, 2007). Affiliates can be any person who has an adoration and interest for maintenance and the surroundings to be precise. In support of its affiliates, Forest and Bird supporters, lobby and fix capitulations to central and home government on protection and ecological aspects and activities. Supporting Forest and Bird along with their efforts is evidence that it is one of the principal social associations affecting ecological administration in New Zealand. There are several opportunities of protection and environmental administration, which Forest and Bird is engrossed in aid of its constituents, a number of includes:

•Nautical and coastal regions

•High state regions

•Re-establishing the Dawn Chorus – Bird protection

•Biosecurity

•Resource Administration

•Mining

•Fresh and Clean Water maintenance

Present History

The organization was originally established to defend the countries native forests, as well as, birds. Its current role has primarily grown to comprise fortification of all native varieties and untamed regions, on earth and in the nation’s oceans, lakes, as well as, rivers. The organization provides a pro-conservation say for all the endangered species and delicate places – from imperiled Maui’s dolphins to the tussock-lands of the nation. New Zealand’s region envelops a region of ocean lots of times larger than the country’s land mass, as well as, it is residence to lots of itinerant species, for example, seabirds along with marine mammals. The organization works with other ecological organizations, for example, BirdLife International, on protecting ecological issues in the country’s Exclusive Economic region, the extended Pacific, as well as, in Antarctica. The organization is not a government institute and never receives government finances. Nonetheless, it depends on the kindness of its members’ donations, contributions and inheritances to perform its conservation efforts.

How does Forest and Bird manipulate protection management?

The organization has established a system of 38 reserves plus sanctuaries for its resident species that are enthusiastically controlled by its members. It has as well productively campaigned for larger protection for its local animals and assisted to bring lots of species, for example, the kakapo, as well as, black robin, which were on the verge of extermination (Fuller & Rose, 2003). The organization has as well published awareness-raising magazines plus guides, for example, the organization’s periodical magazine, Forest and Bird, along with the organization’s popular customer brochure termed as the Best Fish Guide. Forest and Bird organization has also created numerous awareness-raising occasions, for example, the once a year Bird of the Year survey (Narwade et al, 2011).

The organization has established seven cottages all through the nation, since its members can obtain up-close and private with the resident birds, plants, not forgetting wild places. Since lots of the species set up in New Zealand traversal and comprehensive borders, the organization has a diversity of national and global partners, for example, BirdLife International. Given that Forest & Bird was established, communal parks, as well as, reserves have augmented to where they currently envelop a third of New Zealand, logging of indigenous forests has practically congested, and numerous species have been taken back from the point of extermination. The organization has been at the front position of almost all of the main conservation operations of the previous eight decades, for example, the struggle to protect Lake Manapouri plus the encounter to stop taking down of local trees in the nation’s North Island woodlands along with on the West Coast. Forest and Bird, established to defend New Zealand’s local forests as well as birds, presently encompasses an extensive brief: the conservation of the entire native, locales and wild regions.

How Can Community and Individuals Become Involved?

With this question, one could ask himself what could be the most significant thing in the planet. The answer could probably lie in the people and only them to be precise. This is in the consideration that this question does not embrace that citizens can by no means precipitate or direct over ecological disasters. In history and even lately, they have the capability and do; so frequently, it can be stated, as a consequence of poverty or the fighting. Citizens are not essentially an ecological blight, as implied by researchers. People might be caustic, but once shown the consequences to the ecological outcomes of their deeds, the organization is as well capable of altering people’s behavior, or establishing the conditions essential for change (Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, 2009). Therefore, the buried supposition in any declarations to the consequence that all which is required to instigate the planet a “better” place in some way.

This in some way is obliged to reduce human inhabitants, are a backdoor, method of articulating that humans are merely and simply beings of nature, without any religious aspect to them, not capable of following any coded track of the act in the long-term, predominantly a guiding principle that might aggravate immediate or transitional material gain (Griesser et al, 2007). However, most people, maybe even an immense majority, will, possibly, intentionally and willingly change their behavior, and to their individual cost, wherever they come to consider that a meticulous strategy is wrong – even if the alteration might be problematic, or tricky, or costly. For civilization, it has to be a significant world and a planet where all responsible persons desire to know. After this realization, people have to take action upon their truthfully-held principles concerning what it is moral to implement, plus cannot be implemented (Munro et al, 2011). Despoiling the innate surroundings, both for this generation and for the entire of those organizations that emerge after it, must certainly be objectionable to any hard-working adult who provides the time to consider the environmental outcomes of clearly negligent deeds.

References

Beattie, J., & Star, P. (2010). Global Influences and Local Environments: Forestry and Forest

Conservation in New Zealand, 1850s-1925. British Scholar Journal, 3(2), 191-218.

Cuervo, A. M., & Restrepo, C. (2007). Assemblage and Population-Level Consequences of

Forest Fragmentation on Bilateral Asymmetry in Tropical Montane Birds. Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society, 92(1), 119-133. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00884.x

Fuller, R. J., & Rose, C. (2003). Bird Life of Woodland and Forest; With Line Ill. By Chris

Rose. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Griesser, M., Nystrand, M., Eggers, S., & Ekman, J. (2007). Impact of Forestry Practices on

Fitness Correlates and Population Productivity in

Lovelock, B. (2005). Tea-sippers or Arsonists? Environmental NGOs and Their Responses to

Protected Area Tourism: A Study of the Royal Forest

Lynch, J. (2012). New Zealand Case Studies. Environmental Education, 10041.

McDonald, P. (2011). Foot-Tracks in New Zealand: Origins, Access Issues and Recent

Developments. Dunedin, N.Z.: P. McDonald.

Munro, N. T., Fischer, J., Barrett, G., Wood, J., Leavesley, A., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2011).

Bird’s Response to Revegetation of Different

Narwade, S., Kalra, M., Jagdish, R., Varier, D., Satpute, S., Khan, N., & … Sood, R. (2011).

Literature based species occurrence data of birds of northeast India. Zookeys, 150407-417. doi:10.3897/zookeys.150.2002

Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand. (2009). Wild Encounters: A Forest &

Bird Guide To Discovering New Zealand’s Unique Wildlife. Auckland, N.Z: Penguin.

Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand, (2008). Available at:

http://www.forestandbird.org.nz/index.asp

Literary Analysis of Young Goodman BrownB

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Literary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown

“Young Goodman Brown” a story by Nathaniel Hawthorn which commonly talks about the power of social expectations, the transformation of people’s way of living as well as the grip of the past. It is a precise and well-elaborated story on how the community is corrupt and how hypocrisy hides the real image of the society. It is about Goodman Brown on how he used to figure out the politicians, spiritual leaders, the community members and his wife Faith as the epitome of moral ethics in the society. However, all this trust and believe ended changing him to an independent person who cannot trust on anyone in the community even his wife after knowing that they were all involved in the evil ceremony that usually happened during the night on the sacred forests. Hawthorn appropriately applies literary devices to bring out the plot of the story as well as its clear interpretation. Characterization has been well put off in the story where the main characters are Goodman Brown, Faith, and the Old Man. In this paper, the literary critical analysis of the “Young Goodman Brown” in regards of the themes, symbolism, historical content, motifs, themes, settings, the dark romantics and fall of man as well as the plot as brought up in the story are elaborated into an in-depth extent.

The settings of the story reflect the historical context of the community as well as the cultural beliefs and erosion of ethics in the society. Considering its environmental settings is in a rural area at Salem village where the evil people were associated with dark things used to attend the evil ceremony at night. The witch and people who were believed to be going the religion rules were the ones associated with such ceremonies (Hawthorne, page 13). Even though the author does not put clear whether it was the reality or a dream, it shows that during the nineteenth-century people were corrupt in superstition and other cultural beliefs that put a boundary between them and Christianity. Women were associated with purity and were regarded as vital pillars of the family in the matters regarding religion in the community. Good Brown believed that his wife was pure and the one to lead him towards the kingdom of heaven and attended the ceremony saying that it would be the last time and he follows Faith’s footsteps. However, it was against his expectations and surprising to meet her on the evil’s ceremony during the night. The case was not different with the deacons, and other community leaders who were regarded as the mirror of the society and Young Goodman Brown could not trust them anymore.

Dark romantics are also part of the story which author uses to express the cultural beliefs of many others writers in the early nineteenth-century deed. The gothic story composes a description of gloomy events followed with the psychological nuisance. The author uses his wife to illustrate the act of evil in the society and hypocrisy ending up never to trust anyone and living according to his principles and religious beliefs. It is traumatizing that Goodman Brown has kept hope for his wife as the one to transform and lead him towards the Christianity ways, but later realized she was also involved in the evil ceremony. The religious leaders and politicians are respectable heads of the community who tricks people about their love of God and public, but they are hypocrites who get involved in witchcraft and all other sorts of evils (Takeuchi, page 21). The “Young Goodman Brown” acts as a metaphor for the fall of man in the society regarding the author’s illustration of what he sees as hypocrisy and integral imperfection in the nation’s religion. It symbolically reflects the story in the bible on how the serpent enticed Eve to take the forbidden fruit which also put Adam in the same action and finally they were exiled from the garden of Aden and subjected to the pain of evils they deed. Goodman Brown was enticed by the Oldman to attend the dark ceremony where afterward realized the hypocrisy and moral degradation in the society and ended up trusting no one even his beloved wife.

The author accurately uses themes to bring out the conflict and other critical devices as well as development of the story’s plot. The themes that are mainly reflected in the story include the weakness of public morality, fear of wilderness and the inevitable loss of innocence. The mentioned above themes are the ones that the author applies bringing out the conflict and enhancing readers understandability. The theme of the weakness of public morality is reflected in the story where all the people in the community beginning with politicians to religious leaders and civilians are involved in unethical deeds. It illustrated in a conflict of the story before Goodman Brown attending the evil ceremony and at the climax where he decided never to trust anybody in the community and live his own moral life. The theme of fear of wilderness also significantly enhances plot development. Goodman Brown was in high terror as he gets into the lonely forest and meets with the Oldman (Melville, page 17). The wilderness represented evil as he was afraid and ashamed of being seen by other community members in the forest such as the woman whom they met on their way to the evil ceremony. The theme of inevitable loss of innocence creates the climax of the story. After realizing that all the community members are evil and eroded with hypocrisy, Goodman Brown decided to live independently and seek his interventions towards religion and the kingdom of heaven.

According to the discussion above, hawthorn’s “Young Goodman Brown” is a reflection of the today’s society where people have to live on their means and they are responsible for the evil deeds that one commits. The story is educative not only to the present but also the future generations as it shows how hypocrisy has corrupted the society in all the sectors both social-economically and political basis.

References

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Booklassic, 2015.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Simon and Schuster, 2012.

Melville, Herman. “Hawthorne and his Mosses.” Literary World 17 (2015): 17.

Takeuchi, Kisaki. “An Analysis of Hawthorne and Akutagawa.” (2016).

Significant Modification of Abuse Law

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Significant Modification of Abuse LawDrug abuse is one of the depriving offenses in America that significantly affects the society as well as the individual users. Various laws have been put in place where the drug users have punished accordingly regarding the law. However, the act of jailing and casting various punishment to the victims raise the disturbing question. Does punishing the users have any impact on a life of the offenders or is just subjecting suffering to them? What are the other ways to make the victims better after the jail term and rectify their bad behavior as they get back to the community? Many of these drug traffickers in America have used the substances for a long time and are addicts. Therefore, the point of interest is that apart from the users just being punished there can be a mechanism where for a significant portion of their jail term they can be taken to a rehab where they can rectify their behavior (Kerrison, page 11). In this paper, the pro and cons of changing the law regarding drug abuse in a way that the victims can spend part of it serving the jail term and the other half on rehab are discussed into an In-depth extent.

It is right that they deserve the punishment for their unlawful deeds, but they are nation’s civilians whom after the jail term are supposed to be productive to the society. From the point of view, the current law is not fair as to the offenders as they are citizens as well as brothers and sisters to various people in the community who would like to see a change in their lives. Change is inevitable and for the nation to develop both socially and economically productive solution has to be put into action. The point of interest regards incorporating the law that will do not only state punishment to drug users but also efficiently state they should be taken to rehab (Arora et.al page 136). For instance, there before when establishing the law, the forefathers had an intention of making the offenders rectify their behaviors in the term of punishing them so that they can realize their mistakes. However, as time goes, it is evident that the victims do not change their character and after the jail terms, they continue with the same behavior of abusing the substance.

Substances are addictive, and they also have long-term effects on the users as well as the community. For instance, through passive smoking non-smokers are significantly affected by the nicotine available in cigarettes. The addicts experience lots of health implications and hallucinations that the possibility of committing crimes are high. Also, they require finances to purchase the drugs which are at many times costly as the drug traffickers take high risks when they are supplying them, and in return, they expect high profits. Therefore, the addicts at many times found in criminal activities such as robbery and burglary so that they can get the money to purchase the substance. The family, as well as other community members, suffer significant consequences as they are the victims of all these misconducts done by the drug users. Thus, rectification of the drug users’ behavior during their imprisonment is a valid thing that immediate actions are supposed to be taken (Johnson, et al. page 4).

The act of introducing rehab session as a part of jail term has its pros and cons which make different people come up with a different point of views and arguments. To begin, with are the advantages of rectifying the law regarding punishing drug users in America overpowers the repercussions. It is true that the users are offenders of law, and they deserve the punishment, but taking them to the rehab will not only help them to cease from the unethical behavior but also shapes their life and changes the character. Rehab centers in the country play a vital role in the community as they derive the pessimistic users from substance addiction into a drug-free lifestyle. Many people fall into the trap of drug use unaware mostly due to peer pressure and depression as a way of relieving stress. Therefore, it is morally upright to help them change their behavior and get back to the community productive.

Also, taking the prisoners to rehab gives them a chance to meditate and think about their future as well as that of the society as they are taught the effects of substance to their well-being as well as the community in general. The rehab centers have been primarily put in place to shape and change drug addicts. Therefore, there are experts in guidance and counseling who knows how to approach drug addicts as well as how to psychologically change their perspective regarding the use of the substance. It is right that not all drugs are prohibited in the country, but the fact remains that with abuse all the substance are hazardous to human health. For instance, the experts may decide to regulate the rate at which the addict take drugs up to a point where they can comfortably survive without their use (Chie et.al page 90). The case is different with imprisonment as the drug user has no option apart from entirely ceasing from drug use during the jail term where many ends up suffering to the extent of demise.

Furthermore, apart from being taught the technicalities of surviving without substance abuse in the rehab, the drug addicts are equipped with moral values as well as discipline and how to approach the community comprehensively after the session. Ethnicity is the key to discipline and well-being in the society. Thus the rectification of the moral deprivation due to drug use is a sound action. The victims will be taught on how to stay together with family, relative and other community members without the ego of disownment. The family, as well as society at large, are for the rectification of behavior, and that is the primary reason behind putting the law in action.

On the other side, the act of taking the prisoners to the rehab for a significant portion of imprisonment has its disadvantages. First, the government will incur extra cost for the programs and other operations to be carried out during the process. However, with sufficient results that are beneficial to the society, it is worth to incur the extra cost. Also, it is clear that the act of drug abuse will increase as people will be confident that even after addiction they will get out of it for free by the government. It is correct, but the better part of it is that the jail term, as well as punishment, remains in place. First and foremost the offenders have to serve their jail term as per the law and the only change expected is an addition of the rehab bit. It is common that all things have pro and cons, but it is prudent to go for the ones that their benefits suppress the shortcomings.

As discussed above, the act of changing drug abuse law in a way that the offenders be spending half of it serving a jail term and the rest of the rehab is sound and beneficial to the society. However, the burden of changing the behavior of drug addicts should not be put aside only for the government but should also be an individual responsibility of accepting the victims back into the community as well as showing them a right path toward ethical conducts.

References

Arora, Hobinder, et al. “Evaluation of socio-demographic profile of the drug abusers visiting drug deaddiction centre at Faridkot, Punjab.” Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 4.2 (2016): 136.

Chie, Qiu Ting, et al. “substance abuse, relapse, and Treatment Program evaluation in Malaysia: Perspective of rehab Patients and staff Using the Mixed Method approach.” Frontiers in psychiatry 7 (2016): 90.

Johnson, Byron R., et al. “Faith and Service: Pathways to Identity Transformation and Correctional Reform.” Finding Freedom in Confinement: The Role of Religion in Prison Life (2018): 3.

Kerrison, Erin M. “Exploring how prison-based drug rehabilitation programming shapes racial disparities in substance use disorder recovery.” Social Science & Medicine (2017).

The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Plan

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The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Plan

The speakers of the 10-point program or plan are Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Both of these men were the founders of the Black Panther Party. The party was founded for the sake of providing self-defense to the Black community and especially with focus on armed self-defense, nationalism and socialism of the Black community at a time when racism was at its peak. Its formation was in October of 1966. The establishment of the Black community’s destiny was at the forefront of the direction of the party and the motivating factor amidst the ongoing racial issues.

The speakers are trying to communicate the need and importance of freedom and access to rights for the Black community as a way of bringing equality for them in a similar manner as the White community enjoys it. They are trying to convince those in power that they are just as entitled to all these rights as everyone else who gets to enjoy them freely. While communicating this, the speakers are also trying to bring to light the line that exists between the Black and White communities, identifying how racism remains pronounced for the Black community and how this has made it difficult for them to live at ease and in peace (Calloway).

This topic is of great concern to the speakers since they have been the victims of racism before and they are, therefore, creating a platform for all members of the Black community where their needs and difficulties can be heard. It is a matter that they have had enough of and they are hoping that the mobilization of the Black folk would mean that the creation of this platform would increase the volume for the change that they need and want as a way of creating equality across the United States. The topic is also of a great concern since it affects the livelihood of the Black community members and how they get around their lives on a daily basis. Airing this concern and having adjustments made as a result would mean more freedom for the community on their day to day lives and being placed on the same pedestal as the White community. This would eventually lead to communities that work together for the good of themselves and the country at large.

The speakers of the Ten Point Program are addressing the White racist government of America, which has been continuously victimizing the Black community within the United States of America. The demands that the speakers make within the plan are all those that the government is required to meet for its people without bias. However, these needs are only being met for the White community while leaving out the Black community to fend for its self while enabling the White community to remain racist in all views. The government is supposed to help out its people by ensuring that there is freedom for all, employment is provided to all, provide compensation for those who have suffered in the hands of the government, provision of decent housing and provision of education. On top of this, the government is required to end brutality by the police, to try all men fairly and provide the basics of life to all. The speakers want to be heard by the government that has been biased against their community while making it clear that color ought not to be the reason for divide or treating others differently (Courtright).

The mode or medium of communication that has been applied by the speakers is the written version. The speakers took to an approach that would be easy for the people from the black community and others to subscribe to. At the same time, this written option would easily have access by the public given the fact that it was published within the party’s newsletter, accessible by many, if not all, of the members. This greatly relates to their purpose of being heard and seeking freedom while putting across the message of equality to the government. Having the written work published would mean that both the members of the Black community and the public at large would catch a glimpse of the writing so that the government would know that it is in the limelight and it would not get to deny facts put across.

The three types of appeal are evident in the ten point program. Logos is used in the case of the demand for the forty acres and two mules, the speakers are trying to bring sense to the table by sharing the fate that the Black community suffered, comparing this to the case of the Jews who suffered an ill fate and were compensated. It would then only make sense if so many Americans suffered a fate that the government was liable to, thus demanding an overdue debt for their troubles. Ethos has been used in the case of the plea of exempting the Black men from military service for defense with the White men already exempted, for the sake of killing other people of color. This is morally wrong since the government is using victimized Black people to kill others who have been victimized too, while excluding the Whites in the process. The speakers use pathos to show the audience the pitiful sight that the Black community has to go through. In the process, the appeals have been used to the pain and trials that the Black community goes through and identify why these struggles have to come to an end given that they are inhumane.

References

Calloway, Carolyn R. “Group Cohesiveness in the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 8.1 (1977): 55-74.

Courtright, John A. “Rhetoric of the gun: An analysis of the rhetorical modifications of the Black Panther Party.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 249-267.

Recruitment Methods

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Recruitment Methods

Organizations always consider the best methods that can provide them with the most qualified and fit candidates for specific job postings. Recruitment methods, by definition, imply the means that organizations use and apply in reaching out to their specific potential job seekers. Simply methods, these are just methods used for establishing relationships and contacts with the organization’s potential candidates (Gummadi 18). The digital world and transitioning in life implies that recruitment and selection is done from different perspectives. For instance, digital media, like social media and other social networking sites are used for recruiting employees by sending or posting advertisements. However, the gig economy also implies that people are most likely to meet at events and as such, develop or create networks (Faliagka et al. 153). These are equally exploited by organizations and businesses to recruit their employees. Yet, much attention has been directed towards interviews through mobile phones and videos, proper and direct way for comprehensive screening and evaluation or assessment of the employee. Therefore, in a modern-day organizational and job market, despite the availability of different recruitment methods, mobile phone and video interviews have become central to effective recruitment of the employees.

The changing modern environment, especially as it concerns to business management and how organizations are run, implies that modern recruitment methods must be considered. One such is networking events including seminars, open houses, job fairs, Human Resource events, and conferences (Gummadi 18). They have been identified as the perfect source of recruiting interns and job candidates. Yet, body shopping, as a direct recruitment approach, has equally been exploited as a way of recruiting individuals into the organization (18). This is a method whereby individual organizations set up the future employment talent pool. Hence, for any prospective employer, these organizations are then approached for recruiting skilled and trained talent. As such, it has led to the emergence of employee leasing, whereby the organizations are engaging in the commercialization of the recruitment process.

The advent of technology, as such, has made it easier for organizations to communicate with people and this explains why social media, as social networking sites, have become a vital method of recruiting employees. For instance, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are full of job seekers and most companies advertise their impeding or upcoming vacancies (Faliagka et al. 153). One of the major sites of recruiting professionals is LinkedIn, a professional site where people post their profiles, including professional and career objectives and CVs. This platform has played a key role for organizational recruitments, especially targeting the most qualified as the site rates individuals based on the completeness of their profiles, which in this case, entails a focus on specific attributes like their past job experiences, references, referrals and, specific areas of knowledge and development. In so doing, it is one of the best sites that make social media an important tool for recruitment. Yet, verification of the profiles could be a challenge and this explains why social media is sometimes questioned as to the best method for recruiting employees’ vacancies (Faliagka et al. 153). Still, recruitment, through social media has been advanced into innovative ways, including selection or recruitment methods through apps like Tinder, Bumble, Snapchat as well as Spotify in hunting talent.

A more effective way of recruiting and selecting employees is by consulting the employer review sites. Times have changed and a digital word whereby everything can be possibly reviewed and rated online, even employers, recruiters have not been missing out on this as a most effective and viable approach to understanding and learning about their employer (Silberman 505). As such, with the modern-day job seekers, there are better means and approaches to researching about the company’s perks, culture, pros, cons, and pay. These reviews are used by prospective employees seeking to work for their employees. The same applies to employers who use specific sites and databases to search for information concerning their prospective candidates.

Technology also offers companies and organizations with the best incentives and methods for evaluating and assessing their prospective candidates through video interviewing and mobile recruitment. As a strategy, mobile recruitment is a must consideration for any company operating in the contemporary business environment (McColl and Marco 637). Millennials and Generation Z are more inclined to use their mobile phones and consider it a means of engaging or interacting with people. This is also applied with organizations in presenting information about job vacancies, incoming recruitment, and training opportunities. As such, a mobile-responsive approach to recruitment implies that it will be considerably easy to access the current breed of busy job-seekers and the company enjoys the benefits of not missing out on the best, qualified, and the most talented candidates (Chhabra and Vandana 24). This also explains why video interviewing is finding its use in contemporary recruitment and selection, especially a new recruitment method that has rendered it much easier for employers to screen through their candidates while equally guaranteeing the convenience in the process and also a positive experience. Video interviews are the best forms of recruiting the candidates because it is easier for the employer to ask as many questions as possible, while at the same time, studying the prospect’s body language and even personal presentation. This method is effective because it reduces on-site interviews while at the same time improving the comprehensiveness of the screening process.

As shown above, different recruitment methods exist for companies and employees. An employer will only consider a method that provides comprehensive and detailed information about its prospective employees or candidates. This explains why technology is being exploited as the best approach and method for recruitment and selection. Yet, more concern has to be directed towards proper time for screening, face-to-face engagement, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the candidates. In so doing, mobile and video interviewing are considerably the best recruitment methods. This is because the methods allow detailed screening and evaluation or assessment of the candidate. Furthermore, they allow firsthand experience and engagement with the respective candidates, to understanding and assess their communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal. The interviews also allow the candidates to express themselves while at the same time ask for clarifications. Therefore, in a modern-day organizational and job market, mobile phone and video interviews have become central to effective recruitment of the employees.

Works cited

Chhabra, Anu, and Vandana Ahuja. “Recruitment Trends in the Contemporary Era.” Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals. IGI Global, 2018. 24-37.

Faliagka, Evanthia, Maria Rigou, and Spiros Sirmakessis. “An e-recruitment system exploiting candidates’ social presence.” International Conference on Web Engineering. Springer, Cham, 2015.Gummadi Dr. Ravi Kumar. Recruitment and Selection Practices of It Companies in Andhra Pradesh – A Study of Select Units. Zenon Academic Publishing, 2015.

McColl, Rod, and Marco Michelotti. “Sorry, could you repeat the question? Exploring video‐interview recruitment practice in HRM.” Human Resource Management Journal 29.4 (2019): 637-656.

Silberman, M. “Operating an employer reputation system: Lessons from Turkopticon, 2008-2015.” Comp. Lab. L. & Pol’y J. 37 (2015): 505.

Crime and Deviance from a sociological perspective

Topic : Crime and Deviance from a sociological perspective 

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Introduction

Society is compared to a machine which has many parts that are interdependent. When one of those parts is missing the machine will experience problems and may not function well. Society is made up of social institutions that are supposed to be compatible otherwise there will be a rise of conflicts leading to social disorder and disharmony. The following discussion focuses on the social perspectives and an explanation for the causes of crime and how it can be reduced.

Discussion

Social perspectives are set of statements or theories that have been formulated by renowned theorists with an aim of explaining the social phenomena (Earl 2003). Society is so complex and so are the social issues that need to be analyzed to come up with solutions. The social perspectives serve as tools that explain the social phenomena, for instance it may explain the reason why the suicide rates are higher among the Protestants than the Catholics. Apart from that the social perspective also seeks to predict what is likely to happen if certain social disorders are not dealt with.

Social perspectives are scientific ways of explaining the society since they have been tested. They seek to maintain the harmony that is required in the society for it to function properly. Sociological theories gained power during the industrial revolution that resulted in many negative implications for the people who worked in the factories. They were poor, lived in shanty homes, and there was increase in social evils such as the prostitution and crime. It is with this regard that the earlier sociologists such as Emile Durkheim decided to formulate the theories that explained that situation and sought to provide the solution for it. It is therefore clear that the sociological perspectives are indisputable since they provide the guideline meant to maintain the social order.

One of such sociological perspective is the one that is used to explain the deviant behavior such as the crime. A deviant behavior is any act that is done against the society norms. It therefore violates the rules and regulations and the result for this is negative sanctions or punishment.

In his theory of defiance, a sociologist by name of Robert Merton says that the society is made up of three things that are interrelated. These are culture, social structures and social anomie (Ritzer et al. 2003) Culture can be said to be a set of beliefs and values that govern the behavior of any given society. It provides a way by which the society acquires their goals. Social structures are the institutions such as the religion and education which are supposed to socialize the society. They have a goal of ensuring that the society is orderly by promoting a kind of culture which is uniform with an aim of avoiding any kind of a conflict. Anomie on the other hand has been explained as the state by which the society has lost the values that are supposed to guide the behavior.

In explaining crime, Merton says that the society has been obsessed with the desire to achieve and live luxurious lives (Ritzer 2003). Therefore each person in the society has a goal of excelling in life. The only means to do this has been reduced to education since the society requires brilliant people who are advance in their studies. This however has a tendency of locking many people out while they still have the desire to achieve like any other person.

Merton argues that the society provides the goals but fails to provide the legitimate means to achieve them. In our example above, many people in the society might not have access to education. Others also may not excel in academics and therefore are likely to be left out of the job market. The explanation for this is that, people have to survive whether by using the legitimate or the illegitimate means. The inequality in the achievement of social goals using the legitimate means has caused many people to opt for criminal means to achieve them. One of the ways by which the government fails to maintain equality is in the distribution of the social resources. This deprives people the opportunity to be successful and therefore they result to criminal activities.

The other main cause of crime as explained above is the discrepancy between culture and anomy. When the society denounces their culture that offers the guidance to social behavior, they are left without values and therefore they can use any means to achieve their goals.

Therefore, crime and any social deviant behavior can be reduced by maintaining the culture that ensures cohesion, solidarity and harmony in the society. The relevant authority can also play a part in reduction by ensuring that the national resources are equally distributed amongst the society so that none is lacking.

Conclusion

The deviant behavior will perpetuate unless the cultural issues are taken into consideration since they provide values that stipulate the means that one has to use in order to acquire their goals.

Reference:

George Ritzer. (2003) “Robert K. Merton”, in Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, ISBN 1-4051-0595

Tepperman, L., & Curtis, J.(2006). Principles of Sociology: Canadian Perspectives, p. 117. Oxford University Press, Canada. ISBN 0195423488

Ritzer, George and Douglas Goodman. (2004). Sociological Theory, Sixth Edition. McGraw Hill.

Babbie, Earl R. (2003). The Practice of Social Research, 10th edition. Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc., ISBN 0-534-62029-9

The central administration style adopted by Nissan Corporation

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1.0 Executive Summary

The central administration style adopted by Nissan Corporation dominates it European market and has affected their achievement in many regions, in a negative sense. Every deed has still had authorization or orders given by the general corporation. Nevertheless, this has brought several difficulties in their performance, in diverse European nations. Presently, Nissan has had a moderately well performance. This chiefly owes to the well-built Nissan-Renault alliance. This amalgamation is proving to have significant spirited advantage. This paper draws several recommendations for Nissan Corporation to achieve success. The Corporation should continue to follow fresh markets in Eastern Europe, whilst centering less on the presently drenched Western European regions. The Corporation should develop the current alliance with Renault to give further competitive lead. Among these perspectives, would be to share distribution system to boost Nissan’s existence and simultaneously decreasing costs.

2.0 Introduction

Nissan is comprised of an opulently diverse cluster of persons, as mirrored in the company’s management team and the several corporate outreach courses in which they partake in the society. If number-critical situation is what is required, the company has gotten that category of behind-the-scenes strategy, too. Jointly, they have the capability to make cars and trucks with the authority to modify both the mode a person views the planet and the approach they move in it. Datsuns are not only the foremost mass-created Japanese motor vehicles, their exclusiveness, automotive approach makes a key effect on the U.S. market when the vehicles and packed in pickups are first introduced in the belatedly 1950s. The initial and foremost Datsun was built in 1914. Toward the conclusion of this decade of alteration, Nissan has crafted a strong status in mutually the American, as well as, the Japanese markets. Its vehicles are appreciated both for its fashion and performance, being synonymous with early on Nissan design.

Lately, the Datsun ‘Z’ alters the manner people reflect on sports cars. Instituted in 1933, Nissan Corporation was a leading manufacturer in sedans. Virtually 70 years soon after, Nissan has turned into being the world’s foremost automakers, with yearly fabrication of 2.4 million units that portrayed 4.9 percent of the worldwide market. Nationally, the corporation sells 774,000 automobiles on a yearly basis, placing it second following Toyota Motor Company. Approximately, 35 % of Nissan’s automobiles are vended in Japan, 25% in the US, in addition to, Europe’s 20%. Within the North American marketplace, the company’s good models comprise of the Infiniti and Sentra commuter cars, as well as, the Pathfinder SUVs.

In 1966, the Corporation fused with the Price Motor Corporation which helped them to take in more chic high-class forms into their variety, for example, the Skyline, as well as, the Gloria. Afterwards, the Price Motors name was entirely deserted, and all prospective models had the Nissan brand name. Subsequent to losing funds for a majority of the 1990s, the company entered into an international coalition with Renault S.A. in the year 1999, having the French Corporation amassing a 37 percent venture in Nissan. An enormous reformation was then instigated. In 2004, Nissan made public the Titan, a complete dimension pick-up truck, which was projected chiefly for the North American region. The automobile attributes a 32 valve V8 engine. Moreover, it can tug approximately 9500 pounds. Presently, the Corporation is working on numerous new perceptions including the Pivo, which is an electric car that goes with zero discharges and has been instrumented and designed by famous Japanese engineer Takashi Murakami. Under Ghosn’s Nissan revitalization strategy, the Corporation experienced a spin in sales and accounted record earnings. By the commencement of the 21st century, the Corporation was once more a concrete participant in the global market with a secure association to its European supporter, Renault.

3.0. Mission and Vision

Workers of Nissan Corporation are steered by the Corporation’s Vision, stating that: “Enriching people’s lives.” An additional precise guidance concerning how Nissan Corporation will improve people’s wellbeing is set up in the Corporation’s Mission Statement, stating that: “Nissan provides unique and innovative automotive products and services that deliver superior measurable values to all stakeholders in alliance with Renault (Gatignon, 2004).”

4.0. Strategic Elements of History

4.1. Socio Cultural Environment

Nissan is constructing, and manufacturing vehicles to meet all categories of people’s requirements. Different persons would prefer different categories of cars relying on the customer. An individual having a preference to a vehicle with off-road capabilities would go for Nissan Xterra or Frontier while wealthy persons who like speedy cars would choose cars like Nissan Silvia, Skyline or even Fairlady 350z (Peng, 2009). Not every driver is appropriate for all categories of vehicles. This is the motive why Nissan construct numerous different categories of motor vehicle to suit diverse categories of driver.

4.2. Technology Environment

Nissan encompasses four scopes of technological aims that include the surroundings, protection, dynamic performance, as well as, life on board. The corporation creates these worth to give their clients trusted driving enjoyment.

4.3. Environment

Nissan has an extended term objective of plummeting carbon dioxide emissions to aid in solving environmental catastrophes, for example, global warming. Through this objective, the Corporation had placed their goal of reducing carbon dioxide releases in their new vehicles by 70% by 2050 (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2011).

4.4. Economic Environment

In 200, Nissan along with Renault was instituted as the Renault-Nissan Purchasing Organization (RNPO). Chiefly, this was a key manner to trim down cost by uniting both their sources to be more proficient in the association. Renault along with Nissan presently holds 60% shares a fraction being supply of resources and assets.

4.5. Legal and Political Environment

The Corporation motor vehicles have to meet definite normalcy to be capable of entering certain nations to be vended. This is owes to the truth that definite nations do not permit high performance motor vehicles, for example Nissan Skyline types to go into the nation since the driver might exploit the car for illegitimate street racing.

5.0. External Factor Evaluation

Various noteworthy features need to be measured which shape the outlook of Nissan Corporation. These can be classified into External aspects (which were pretentious to the corporation). In 1998, global demand had been apparent for 3 years and the trade was being typified to attain cost diminution and proficient capacity exploitation. The corporation was making as well as losing its edge to Toyota locally and globally (Hill & Jones, 2008).

6.0. Company Competitive Position

Nissan Corporation uses the Cost Leadership strategy. The aim of this strategy is to develop into being the lowest-cost manufacturer in the trade. If the attained selling price can at slightest be comparable to the standard market, and then the slightest-cost manufacturer will (in theory) take pleasure in the unsurpassed profits. This policy is typically connected with large-scale companies offering “standard” goods with comparatively little demarcation that are entirely acceptable to the preponderance of purchasers. Infrequently, the low-cost strategy will also discount its vehicles to maximize sales, chiefly if it has a significant cost benefit over the rivalry of Toyota and, therefore: it can additionally boost its market share (Plunkett & Plunkett Research, 2003).

7.0. Internal Capabilities

It is essential for Nissan to improve its corporate control policies as it executes its business social responsibilities. The company will work to maintain achieving the expectation of the stakeholders (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2007).

7.1. Pillars of Action

Nissan’s method to corporate governance is established on three foundations: conformity built on the high moral standards of all workers, efforts to strengthen information safety and an efficient and suitable risk management organization.

7.2. Compliance

To foster conformity awareness throughout the corporation, Nissan has launched specialized branches and placed officers in charge of upholding compliance strategy in each area where it operates.

7.3. Risk Management By detecting risk as quickly as required, examining it, forecasting the necessary procedures to address it and executing those measures, the corporation works to minimize the appearance of risk and the impact of harm caused should it arise (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2007).

7.4. Information Security Nissan shares its Information protection Policy with assembly companies worldwide and executes necessary procedures through the Information protection board, bolstering its competence to check information leaks and other such occasions (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2007).

8.0. Financial Ratio Analysis

Financial ratio analysis is the computation and assessment of ratios, which are obtained from the information in a corporation’s financial reports. The level and past trends of these proportions can be employed to make conclusions about a company’s economic state, its procedures and attractiveness as an asset.

Production output 4,080,588 units (2010)

Revenue ¥8.773 trillion (2011)

Operating income ¥462.92 billion (2011)

Total assets ¥10.736 trillion (2011)

Total equity ¥2.943 trillion (2011)

Employees 155,099 (2011)

Profit ¥319.22 billion (2011)

Source: http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/index.html

8.1. Profitability ratio

Gross margin

Gross profit 319.229

Net sales 8.733

Gross margin 3.655

8.2. Leveraging ratio

Current ratio

Total assets 10.736

Total liabilities 2.943

Debt ratio 3.648

9.0. Porter’s Five Forces Model

Nissan predicted that their production and established values would be in need of essential overall, to increase market share in Europe. Hence, the enhancements stated, such as the localisation of invention and allotment channels in Europe.

9.1. Entry of Competitors

There are many innovative products, but not competitors in the market place. The reputable car manufacturers have been set up for years. This is a complicated market for fresh organisations to penetrate. There are no common recent electric cars hitting the market place from time to time, through original company. They do not appear to last very long, however.

9.2. Threat of Substitutes

Nissan’s policy of frequent improvement should aid them in surviving the risk of substitute products. The saturation of the producer market place does not help the situation, so the danger of substitutes is real. However, Nissan is well capable to handle it.

9.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers

Currently, buyers are being provided with a production of alternative merchandise in the car market. Advertisements exhibitions on the television daily encourage buyers to invest their money in Nissan products. In terms of the negotiation power of buyers, this is better since there are so many choices and products accessible.

9.4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers

Renault-Nissan Purchasing Organisation

This procurement organisation, instituted in 2001 is among the key ways in which Renault and Nissan unite their resources to produce a more efficient organisation. Presently both Nissan and Renault share 60% of the similar facts and or substance suppliers. This implies that Nissan have attained superior purchasing power and have served to decrease costs and condensed the bargaining power of suppliers (Hill & Jones, 2008).

9.5. Rivalry among the Existing Players

There are many companies trying to fight for market share. To some extent, Nissan has put off this particular risk, by focusing on manufacturing their operations more cost-effective and distinguishing themselves from their competitors by producing exceptional vehicles. This allows Nissan to preserve their economical advantage (Hoskisson & Hoskisson, 2008).

10.0. Current Strategy

Nissan is currently planning to venture into the East European market. One of the key limitations in doing this is supervising the logistics in other foreign countries. There are relatively long delivery chains, which exist to customer markets in Western Europe. It is essential to recognize how to deliver and ship goods to and from foreign markets in an effective manner. This crisis could also happen in other Eastern countries (Walker, 2003). Another absent venture is the consideration to seek innovative opportunities in light mercantile vehicles. They are also encouraging the infinity lavish brand on an ongoing basis on an international scale.

11.0. The SWOT analysis of Nissan

Strength: Nissan is a global brand and one of the fastest growing automotive industries. As of 2011, the Nissan total equity amounted to 2.943 trillion yen. The sub models for the company include Altima, Sentra, Versa, Maxima, Z coupe and Z Roadstar. The track models include Xterra, Pathfinder, Armada and Quest. The competitive advantage of the broad can counter balance the rising competition. In the past 5 years, the company managed to set up a global brand focusing on pleasurable brands, and those with vibrant experience. The company also has a worldwide financial place. This is one of the company’s major strength. The key financial positions of Nissan include liquidity, solvency and profitability (Mendenhall, Oddou & Stahl 2011). Nissan Corporation also managed to alliance with Renault. This has been advantageous for both companies. This is because the companies can venture new markets easier and faster because of they do not need to establish new plants. The collaborations of the companies include build up of components, platforms and engines. ThreatsDisharmony of Culture

There has been a cultural clash of Nissan in Europe. Europe faced a number of problems. Nissan and Renault become incorporated with one another. Therefore, the risk of cross-cultural clashes will enlarge. Nissan is establishing a way to stop this from happening. It established a program called Business Way. Nevertheless, it will take time for national and corporate culture to transform.

Prices of Commodities

China’s expansion would make Nissan incur high expenses. In the past two years, the cost of steel in manufacture has increased considerably. There is also the rise in oil prices to consider which continues. Order for new automobiles is decreasing and is a threat to Nissan’s feasibility (Hunt, 2009).

12.0. Organizational Structure

The company has a chief operating officer who is in charge of management of newly formed regional structure. Other responsibilities include development, research, sales, design, marketing, planning and manufacturing of new products. The COO must report to the CEO. The company has a Chief Recovery Officer (CRO) responsible for recovery activities. The CRO does corporate planning and controls functions. The executive Vice President takes the duty of purchasing and is responsible for new regions (Magee 2003).

The Senior Vice President is in charge of product planning, light commercial business of the vehicle and creates units of the vehicle business.

13.0. Business Ethics/Values

Basic Corporate Governance:

The role of this policy is to clarify the responsibilities and duties of the employees of the Nissan Corporation. The management policy and objectives are published for the benefit of investors and share holders. Announcement of achievements is made early with lucidity.

Nissan’s System and Organizations for Internal Control:

A Board of directors and a Statutory govern the company. The duty of the Board of Directors is to resolve of vital industry decisions. The Statutory Audit Committee controls and supervises the functions of the Nissan Corporation (Nissan Annual Report 2004).

Risk Management:

The company applies appropriate methods and technology to solve problems regarding the risks involved. The company has also created a risk management team that is responsible for the management of the risks involved. The risk department has managed to prioritize the risks based on impacts, probabilities and devoted control measures. The company also manages to establish intellectual property rights to protect the intellectual property rights (Seshadri, 2005). 14.0. Financial Projections

Nissan Corporation has planned to explore the European market in the East. The greatest barrier in doing this is to direct the logistics in Romania. There is comparatively extensive delivery string that would exist to customer markets in Western Europe. This predicament may also occur in some Eastern countries (Deresky 2011).

Another scheme that is currently lacking is to considering looking for new opportunities available in light marketable automobiles. The company is also promoting the luxury product on a continuing foundation on a worldwide level. Additionally, this company plans to boost their market divide and persist to chase their present approach while categorization their difference in cultural (Deresky 2011).15.0. RecommendationsA) The company should go on with pursuing new markets in Eastern Europe, while concentrating less on the presently flooded markets in Western European (Deresky 2011).

B) The company should build up the present alliance with Renault to offer additional competitive advantage. A suggestion for this would include common allocation network to enlarge the presence of Nissan and decrease expenditure simultaneously.

C) Nissan Corporation is concerned of lack of diesel. The company should significantly raise their spending expansion of technology and relate this to the entire variety. If the company fails to do this, the potential of the market could radically fall.

D) There is still a cultural difference in their coalition with Renault. Their business strategy may attend to the issue sufficiently, but there is no possibility of measuring the achievement of the project.

E) The company should aspire to attain ISO 9001 endorsement for the European development procedures.

References

Deresky, H. (2011). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures : Text

and Cases. Boston, Mass: Pearson.

Gatignon, H. (2004). The Insead-Wharton Alliance on Globalizing: Strategies For Building

Successful Global Businesses. Cambridge [u.a.: Univ. Press.

HIll, C. W. L., & Jones, G. R. (2008). Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach. S.l.:

Houghton Mifflin.

Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2011). Strategic Management: Competitiveness

& Globalization. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Hoskisson, R. E., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2008). Competing For Advantage. Mason, OH:

Thomson/South-Western.

Hunt, P. (2009). Structuring Mergers & Acquisitions: A Guide to Creating Shareholder Value.

Austin: Wolters Kluwer.

Magee, D. (2003). Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn rescued Nissan. New York: HarperBusiness.

Mendenhall, M. E., Oddou, G. R., & Stahl, G. K. (2011). Readings and Cases in International

Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior. Hoboken: Taylor &amp;

Francis.

Nissan Annual Report (2004). The Nissan Way of doing things, 4.

Peng, M. W. (2009). Global strategy. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Cengage Learning.

Plunkett, J. W., & Plunkett Research, Ltd. (2003). Plunkett’s Automobile Industry Almanac.

Houston, Tex: Plunkett Research.

Seshadri, S. (2005). Sourcing Strategy: Principles, Policy, and Designs. New York: Springer.

Walker, G. (2003). Modern competitive strategy. Boston [u.a.: McGraw-Hill.

Crime and Deviance

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Introduction

The increasing rates of crime have been a cause for worry and concern in the United States, as well as other parts of the world. Recent times have seen an intense concentration of scholars with providing an explanation of the incidence of crime as is the case for Routine Activity theory. The theory requires the presence of three elements for the occurrence of crime. First, there must be a motivated offender who has criminal intentions, as well as the capacity to act on that inclination. Second, there should be an appropriate target or victim. Third, a capable guardian with the capacity to prevent the occurrence of the crime would be absent. However, this theory has over time been modified through the inclusion of the fourth component, which is the absence or existence of a handler. The handler component involves a two step-process where, social bonds would be developed in the society, and, an individual related to a potential offender controls the individual to adhere to social bonds.

As concerning rape, Shannon cautioned against reducing crime to a product of crime as that would that would legitimize the crime while discrediting the victims, thereby making it inevitable.

Shoplifters may neutralize their guilt by denying their responsibility in the act, denying having caused any injury or harm to any individual, denying the victim and justifying the action as a retaliation, condemning the condemners, appealing to higher loyalties, defining the behavior as common, and defending the act as having been necessary, or justifying the action by comparing it with other serious crimes, as well as postponing the thought of the actions.

The tobacco industry may be seen as a deviant actor, as it continues advertising its products while ignoring the harmful effects that it has on individual health of active and passive smokers. Some examples of deviance in the food industry include deception as to the components of their products, and excessive use of additives.