Author: admin

Journalism

Journalism

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Course Tittle

Professor’s Name

Date

Objectivity, Diversity, Technology, Equity, And History In Relation To the Role of Journalism

Journalistic objectivity is a significant concept within the debate of journalistic professionalism. In journalism, objectivity may refer to factuality, fairness, nonpartisanship, and disinterestedness, but most regularly involves all of these merits. First developing as a practice in the 21st century, several alternatives and critiques to the idea have developed since, powering dynamic and ongoing treatise surrounding the model of objectivity in journalism. Objectivity in journalism purposes to help the audience structure their mind about a piece of news or story, giving the truths only and then allowing audiences to read between the lines on their own (Young & Callison, 2017). To uphold objectivity in journalism, correspondents ought to give the realities whether or not they agree with or like those facts. Objective journalism is intended to depict events and issues unbiased and neutral, irrespective of the writer’s personal beliefs or opinion.

 The absence of diversity in journalism can result in broadcasting studios missing out on vital stories. Diverse populations inside news organizations assist in making sure that the ultimate newscast products will voice the broadest likely variety of stories that best meet the addressees’ requirements (Fuentes et al., 2020). The significantly overlooked practice of diversity within news establishments is a diversity of perspectives. It goes further than questions of ethnicity, race, and sexual orientation. News organizations must look for the viewpoints of rural and urban inhabitants, atheists and religious believers, liberals and political conservatives. A diverse outlook on particular subjects will vary from country to country. Several reporters see diversity as a matter that overlays with reporting morals. It might be a business issue and/or a social issue, but they think it is a moral subject since failure to reflect society’s diversity is a problem of precision. If you cover a miscellaneous society, a broadcast report that generally reflects the work, views, and words of a certain group does not precisely reflect the community’s activity and life.

Although it might be entertaining or even interesting, the leading significance of news is to empower the cognizant. Therefore, journalism aims to give people the information they require to create the best potential choices about their communities, lives, governments, and societies. When we discourse about equity in journalism, we signify: supporting organizations functioning to change industry leadership and cultures, devoting in newsrooms led by and serving generally disregarded groups, and closing remarkable resource gaps that patronage has assisted in preserving. To be well-adjusted, outlets require a group of journalists who reflect the diversity of individuals and subjects they cover. Journalists are and need to be multipurpose, but when several bylines are by men, addressees do not obtain the complete story or the perceptions that result from lived experience.

Technology-assisted journalism and innovations, such as the steam engine and the movable type printing press, enabled the extensive implementation of printed news. This tendency of technological invention persisted and enabled innovative mediums of spreading that turn out to be ever cheaper and faster (Fuentes et al., 2020). Lastly, history relates to the role of journalism in the 21st century. It is essential to historians for the reason that it can reflect on the past. It can tell of what individuals were thinking and say about several significant times in the past.

ReferenceFuentes, M. A., Zelaya, D. G., & Madsen, J. W. (2020). Rethinking the Course Syllabus: Considerations for Promoting Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion. Teaching of Psychology, 0098628320959979

https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0098628320959979

Young, M. L., & Callison, C. (2017). When gender, colonialism, and technology matter in a journalism startup Journalism, 1464884917743390

https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884917743390

Julia Ward Howe, “The Dearest Old Lady”

Julia Ward Howe, “The Dearest Old Lady”

Name

Instructor

Course

Date

Many will always consider men as the key makers of the American history and neglect the fact that women participated in making key changes that define America today. Women participated in many things including indirectly change of the constitution to allow women to vote among others. One of most remembered women in America is Julia Ward Howe. Julia Ward was an artist, a poet, a social activist, an abolitionist and known for composing the civil war anthem.

Julia Ward Howe was born in New York City on May 27, 1819 to a successful wall street banker Samuel as his father. Besides her father being a banker she was the fourth born of a famous poet Julia Rush Ward which explains why she loved poetry; perhaps she learnt the art from her mother. Being born in a well to do family, she was educated privately and became one of the elite women during the time of civil war and also during the era of women suffrage. She was a descendant of the founder of Rhodes Island which was founded in 1636 by Rodger Williams. After he mother died while she was five years, she was then schooled by her aunt who made it sure she had education in languages, science and literature. The famous poet started her career as early as twenty years when she her first poem was published in magazines with an anonymous author.

Her writing skills grew further after her father died back in 1839. She begun to visit notable writers and other people in social circles in Boston. Among then includes, Margret Fuller and Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is through the travels the she gained much exposure to the outside world which would then make her careers and her pioneer life successful.

Julia Ward was a great poet and song writer she is remembered for her Cold War song titled “The Battle Hymn of the Republic” which she wrote in 1861. During this year, Julia overheard troops of men who were against slavery from the Northern side singing John Brown’s body and she was keen enough to get the words of the song. The activity inspired her to write a song with lyrics which were going to show the unity and righteousness of the people from the North who viewed slavery as an act against human rights. The song become famous and everyone from the North and other parts of the song would sing it and referred it to as glory, glory hallelujah since the words were part of the song. The song was sung in churches, camp meetings, among other social and political gatherings as it gave hope on victory. Julia Ward being an abolitionist it was definite that the song encouraged the people that slavery would one day come to an end. The song itself had civil war in it and people connected it with abolition, the key explanations why people war fighting the war and the fact that judgement for doing wrong things would one day be passed upon the people of the south. Julia Ward is greatly remembered for her abolitionist efforts which were clearly seen in the song.

Besides writhing the famous song, Julia Ward Howe inspired many poets and writers since she wrote other poems, songs and books. Among them include Passion-Flowers, from sunset ridge and books such as “The Life of Margret Fuller” being one of the key people who inspired her literacy works. Indeed, her works pioneered literature since the poems and songs published by her are still studied today in English and campus literature across the world. In 1876 she also wrote a flattering history of her husband, Dr. Samuel Howe when he died even after making confessions of being involved with many women. She got married to Howe in 1848 with six children. Her husband played a role in her poetry works since they wrote some pieces together. Also, from her marriage she wrote dark educative poems about how she felt unhappy with her marriage life.

Howe advocated for international peace through her essays, poems and books. Howe won the hearts of many. In 1908, as a result of her efforts in literature she was the first woman to be elected into the American Academy of Arts and letters. The election and writing of the cold war song made her one of the most recognized women in America around the world.

Further, she is also famous for her efforts in fighting for women rights. Initially, women in the United States were less privileged more so after the country gained independence and the inequality went on until early 20th century. Women could not vote, it was hard for a woman to get employed to do technical jobs since many wanted women to stay back at home and do house chores. Together with other women such as Elizabeth Candy Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, Julia Ward pioneered the success of women being granted the right to vote in early twentieth century. To add on this, Julia Howe was a successful abolitionist who contributed in the abolition of slave trade and advocated for reforms in the prison system of the United States in the late nineteenth century.

Howe championed women rights by founding Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association as well as the New England Suffrage Association in 1868 which would then ease and form a platform for women to advocate for their rights. Besides the two, she together with Lucy Stone they founded the American Women Suffrage association to champion for the fifteenth amendment since the other organization of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton was divided on whether to champion for the amendment. As an active member of the Women Suffrage, Howe is also greatly remembered for aiding in the establishment of the Woman’s Journal AWSA’s newspaper, where as a good literature person, she edited it for 20 years.

In her works of advocating for peace, Howe presided over the Women’s International Peace Association which took place in 1871. She lectured for the Unitarian Church and institutions and whenever she went she advocated for peace. She helped organize the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873 which would them enhance education for women making them to become qualified to enter into professions and pursue different careers in college. It is through her that many women became literate and started to advocate for their rights in 1890s and 1900s.

There are many things to remember Julia Ward for as a great woman. From the above points on why she is important, she is iconic for the great efforts she made in changing the rights of women and fighting for women to get a better place in the political world. Howe stands out for being a greater elite who knew what to do with her education and not being self-centered with the knowledge she had. Many people fail to help others when they have a chance to. For this case, Howe helped the slaves, women and generally Americans in advocating for peace and fighting for people’s rights. She is important today for fighting for the rights of women and creating an elite society of women. Maybe if she would have not, then women would have been granted equal rights later in the mid-20th century.

Besides all the above, she was a hygienic woman who worked together with the U.S Sanitary commission, she helped to ensure that soldiers and women lived in clean conditions. Also, the organization ensured clean hospital environment during the Civil War era. Because of her legendary works she was awarded an Honorary degree at Smith College making her total degrees to be three. Many termed her as “Dearest Old Lady in America,” before she met her death on 17th October 1910.

Just like Howe people need to use their knowledge to ensure the country moves forward and at least make other people’s lives become better. Howe did all her works with passion and that is why she became successful. She is remembered till today and that is why all people should always strive to make a positive change once they have education.

Bibliography

Mead, Walter Russell. “Recent Books: The United States: The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe: A Biography.” Foreign Affairs 95, no. 3 (2016): 172.

Barrett, Anna. “SOUTHERN LADIES AND SUFFRAGISTS: Julia Ward Howe and Women’s Rights at the 1884 New Orleans World’s Fair.” (2016): 369-371.

Howe, Julia Ward. “Battle Hymn of the Republic.” To-day: monthly magazine of scientific socialism 3, no. 14 (1885): 88-88.

Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1999.

Language,

July 29, 1979

If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?

By JAMES BALDWIN

left000t. Paul de Vence, France–The argument concerning the use, or the status, or the reality, of black English is rooted in American history and has absolutely nothing to do with the question the argument supposes itself to be posing. The argument has nothing to do with language itself but with the role of language. Language, incontestably, reveals the speaker. Language, also, far more dubiously, is meant to define the other–and, in this case, the other is refusing to be defined by a language that has never been able to recognize him.

People evolve a language in order to describe and thus control their circumstances, or in order not to be submerged by a reality that they cannot articulate. (And, if they cannot articulate it, they are submerged.) A Frenchman living in Paris speaks a subtly and crucially different language from that of the man living in Marseilles; neither sounds very much like a man living in Quebec; and they would all have great difficulty in apprehending what the man from Guadeloupe, or Martinique, is saying, to say nothing of the man from Senegal–although the “common” language of all these areas is French. But each has paid, and is paying, a different price for this “common” language, in which, as it turns out, they are not saying, and cannot be saying, the same things: They each have very different realities to articulate, or control.

What joins all languages, and all men, is the necessity to confront life, in order, not inconceivably, to outwit death: The price for this is the acceptance, and achievement, of one’s temporal identity. So that, for example, thought it is not taught in the schools (and this has the potential of becoming a political issue) the south of France still clings to its ancient and musical Proven�al, which resists being described as a “dialect.” And much of the tension in the Basque countries, and in Wales, is due to the Basque and Welsh determination not to allow their languages to be destroyed. This determination also feeds the flames in Ireland for many indignities the Irish have been forced to undergo at English hands is the English contempt for their language.

It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identify: It reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger, public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times, and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that one’s antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden. This is true in France, and is absolutely true in England: The range (and reign) of accents on that damp little island make England coherent for the English and totally incomprehensible for everyone else. To open your mouth in England is (if I may use black English) to “put your business in the street”: You have confessed your parents, your youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future.

Now, I do not know what white Americans would sound like if there had never been any black people in the United States, but they would not sound the way they sound. Jazz, for example, is a very specific sexual term, as in jazz me, baby, but white people purified it into the Jazz Age. Sock it to me, which means, roughly, the same thing, has been adopted by Nathaniel Hawthorne’s descendants with no qualms or hesitations at all, along with let it all hang out and right on! Beat to his socks which was once the black’s most total and despairing image of poverty, was transformed into a thing called the Beat Generation, which phenomenon was, largely, composed of uptight, middle- class white people, imitating poverty, trying to get down, to get with it, doing their thing, doing their despairing best to be funky, which we, the blacks, never dreamed of doing–we were funky, baby, like funkwas going out of style.

Now, no one can eat his cake, and have it, too, and it is late in the day to attempt to penalize black people for having created a language that permits the nation its only glimpse of reality, a language without which the nation would be even more whipped than it is.

I say that the present skirmish is rooted in American history, and it is. Black English is the creation of the black diaspora. Blacks came to the United States chained to each other, but from different tribes: Neither could speak the other’s language. If two black people, at that bitter hour of the world’s history, had been able to speak to each other, the institution of chattel slavery could never have lasted as long as it did. Subsequently, the slave was given, under the eye, and the gun, of his master, Congo Square, and the Bible–or in other words, and under these conditions, the slave began the formation of the black church, and it is within this unprecedented tabernacle that black English began to be formed. This was not, merely, as in the European example, the adoption of a foreign tongue, but an alchemy that transformed ancient elements into a new language: A language comes into existence by means of brutal necessity, and the rules of the language are dictated by what the language must convey.

There was a moment, in time, and in this place, when my brother, or my mother, or my father, or my sister, had to convey to me, for example, the danger in which I was standing from the white man standing just behind me, and to convey this with a speed, and in a language, that the white man could not possibly understand, and that, indeed, he cannot understand, until today. He cannot afford to understand it. This understanding would reveal to him too much about himself, and smash that mirror before which he has been frozen for so long.

Now, if this passion, this skill, this (to quote Toni Morrison) “sheer intelligence,” this incredible music, the mighty achievement of having brought a people utterly unknown to, or despised by “history”–to have brought this people to their present, troubled, troubling, and unassailable and unanswerable place–if this absolutely unprecedented journey does not indicate that black English is a language, I am curious to know what definition of language is to be trusted.

A people at the center of the Western world, and in the midst of so hostile a population, has not endured and transcended by means of what is patronizingly called a “dialect.” We, the blacks, are in trouble, certainly, but we are not doomed, and we are not inarticulate because we are not compelled to defend a morality that we know to be a lie.

The brutal truth is that the bulk of white people in American never had any interest in educating black people, except as this could serve white purposes. It is not the black child’s language that is in question, it is not his language that is despised: It is his experience. A child cannot be taught by anyone who despises him, and a child cannot afford to be fooled. A child cannot be taught by anyone whose demand, essentially, is that the child repudiate his experience, and all that gives him sustenance, and enter a limbo in which he will no longer be black, and in which he knows that he can never become white. Black people have lost too many black children that way.

And, after all, finally, in a country with standards so untrustworthy, a country that makes heroes of so many criminal mediocrities, a country unable to face why so many of the nonwhite are in prison, or on the needle, or standing, futureless, in the streets–it may very well be that both the child, and his elder, have concluded that they have nothing whatever to learn from the people of a country that has managed to learn so little.

Return to the Books Home Page

July 6800 Condensed Course Class 1

July 6800 Condensed Course Class 1

Summary of the Readings

In The CEO of Canada Goose on Creating a Homegrown Luxury Brand, Reiss (2019) shares some insight from the CEO of Canada Goose regarding creating a homegrown luxury brand. Canada Goose’s CEO believes that attainment of mass distribution by competing on price alone is not necessarily a way to succeed in business but rather a way to just build on commodity pricing. Creating a sustainable global business requires growing from a foundation of core values that prioritize quality above quantity. The CEO points out that being a “Made in Canada” brand was an effective way to compete, especially as other companies were fleeing the country.

In How to Survive a Recession and Thrive Afterward by Walter Frick (2019), the Great Recession was studied via research and case studies, which shed light on four major themes: debt, decision-making, labor management, and digital revolution. Amazon.com enhanced its financial position at the start of the year 2000 by selling convertible bonds worth $672 million. One month later, the dot-com bubble exploded. More than half of all digital start-ups failed in the years that followed, including a considerable number of firms that competed with Amazon in the industry of online commerce at the time. If the bubble had burst a few weeks sooner, one of the world’s most successful companies would have been badly harmed by the recession.

Smith (2013) article “Insight into Board Role in Strategy Making” notes that the role of a board is to participate in the strategic assessment stage, the strategic options stage, and the strategic plan stage. A Portfolio of initiatives is also expected including immediate, short term, and long-term plans. A focus on the current fiscal year, on the next, and 2-3 years in the future earns the right to grow and defend a core business, build on growth initiatives, and create viable options.

KPMG (2010) discusses strategic planning looking at the key questions of a strategy as what to sell, the target customers, and how to avoid/beat the competition. In the why question, KPMG (2010) found that managers must understand that businesses are fluid and change is a must. In the how question, it is recommended that managers extend and defend the current business. A good team is essential for both short and long term growth.

Prahalad and Hamel (1990) address the Core competence of the Corporation noting that many companies are finding it difficult to prevail in global competition. The authors recommend the following for corporations: clarify core competencies, articulate a strategic intent that defines your company and its markets, build core competencies, invest in needed technologies, and cultivating a core competency mind-set.

KPMG’s (2012) article Thoughts on What is Strategy provides 2 key takeaways; that strategy defines where to compete and how to win and that it is the placing of scarce resources at critical points to achieve continuous improvisation. The end game is to create competitive advantage. Ultimately, enduring competitive advantage means offering greater value at less cost compared to the competition.

Whitler (2019) advices marketers to focus on content as opposed to channels and advertising in the article What Western Marketers Can Learn from China. New marketing tenets are evolving as consumer tastes change in the ways they connect with firms. Emerging huge consumer markets like China, which have developed creative methods to economically reach and attract consumers at scale, are the originators of these new marketing approaches.

Personal Reflection

What stood out for me in all of the assigned readings is the value, role, and position of strategy in defining success. There is no such thing as business that has solely isolated functions. They are a component of a more complex scenario that also consists of the social, political, economic, and competitive environments. A company’s strategy is a comprehensive plan that outlines how it intends to accomplish its objectives in light of the existing circumstances. How successful a business will be over the long term will depend on its plan. Because it involves a significant time and financial commitment and is difficult and costly to modify once it is in place, strategy is a choice that management should take very seriously. If a corporation does certain jobs better than its rivals, it may have an advantage over those rivals. For example, Chinese businesses are showcasing how alternative approaches to marketing, pace, and content will influence business success in the future. All of these elements are hidden within the function of strategy, and I found them very interesting in how they intertwine to create a wining plan.

A business strategy, from my personal point of view, is a written plan that shows how a company plans to reach its goals. A business plan is a written document that describes the organization’s long-term goals and a set of rules that will be used to reach those goals. For example, it will explain how to deal with competitors, evaluate customer needs and expectations, and think about the organization’s potential for long-term growth and sustainability. When a company has a plan, it can look at how well it is doing, what its strengths are, and whether or not these strengths can help it grow. This is why it’s so important to have a plan. This is why having a plan is so important. Few businesses get the job done right the first time. Every organization has flaws that can be traced back to many different things. Business strategies try to deal with these problems so that companies don’t fall prey to them and suffer a lot of damage because of it. These possible dangers are looked at, and the team is helped to find answers to the problems that have been brought up.

July 6800 Condensed Course

July 6800 Condensed Course

Class 1

Summary of Readings

The readings discuss various issues ranging from organizational culture, change, accountability, executive level turnover, and growth mindset.

Palmquist (2020) looks at how boycotts unsettle boards, noting that boycotts are a type of corporate crisis that often leads to increased turnover at the board level.

Members of the board who fall on either end of the political spectrum are aware of the impact of boycotts. According to Palmquist (2020), conservative directors are more steadfast in their convictions than their liberal counterparts.

It is just as probable that conservative board members will resign in the aftermath of a right-backed boycott as it is that liberal board members would do so in the face of a similarly aligned boycott.

The Colombia Accident Investigation Board (2003) highlights the role of organizational culture in the way crisis are managed and addressed.

The report dwells on how the history and culture at the Space Shuttle Program contribute to some of the events, mistakes, occurrences, and issues at the employment level.

PwC (2019) highlights how recent developments have led to disruptions in the process of internal auditing. Global megatrends have gained momentum as seen in the way new and disruptive technologies are changing the way organizations operate and organize. Internal audit leaders are confronted by the disruptive forces that are introducing new requirements and doing away with traditional functions and processes.

Raffoni (2020) discusses accountability issues in teams, noting that there is a need to hold people more accountable in the confines of the workplace. Next-level leaders confronted by the issue of accountability will need to clearly define roles and responsibilities, have a scorecard to measure outcomes, conduct regular feedback and progress check-ins, track performance, stay aligned via regular meetings, stay organized, and outline future goals.

The Ontario Energy Board (OEB) (2018), in its effort to introduce new best practices, has established new mandatory governance reporting and record keeping requirements. The OEB intends to institute a culture of quality and robustness in decision making in the utility business. Best practices include director independence, director skills, board and committee structures and functions, and supporting documentation and practices.

In the HBR Spacial Issue, Dweck (2019) shares on the issues surrounding a growth mindset finding that a growth mindset is possessed by those who feel that their skills may be improved by exerting effort, using sound techniques, and soliciting feedback from others.

Personal Reflection

My main takeaway from the readings is that the modern workplace is experiencing changes as more disruptive forces emerge influencing growth, culture, management, and best practices at every level from management to the employee, and how these stakeholders relate to other components of society. It is almost impossible to exaggerate the importance of a company’s culture. Companies that either put no importance on their internal culture or let a poisonous culture to flourish and expand throughout the firm will surely face a variety of issues. It is now widely understood that a company’s culture, which is defined as the set of ideas and patterns of behavior that impact how individuals behave inside an organization, is a crucial component in determining that company’s success. As a result, an increasing number of firms are focusing on the influence of their culture. This provides HR professionals with a really unique leadership opportunity to choose how to implement cultural change inside an organization. It is easier to comprehend a company’s culture than to attempt to quantify it.

From the readings, I now have a new understanding of how and why culture is important to organizations, and why it must factor in disruptive forces like a common place in modern life. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered how organizations relate with their customers. The core of an organization’s culture is its members’ common knowledge of “how things are done.” This view may or may not align with the stated goals, values, or standards. Because they have a pulse on how their workers feel, effective HR departments are in a unique position to be at the forefront of managing and shaping culture. However, as firms that struggle with their internal cultures can attest, corporate culture management may be difficult. In addition, it may be particularly challenging when a situational shift is necessary. This is largely due to the fact that a company’s culture consists of a number of interrelated and mutually influential elements. These elements include attitudes, roles, procedures, communication strategies, roles, and objectives. Changing a culture requires significant effort, and thorough planning and strategy are important. The process must begin at the highest levels of the business and be a company-wide initiative. But first, I feel that organizations must establish when it is okay to alter the culture and then they will be able to select how to most successfully impact the cultural transformation.

In my assessment, recent disruptive technologies such as the growth of the e-commerce sector in North America has and will continue to change how organizations are run from the bard management to executive management, and interactions between employees and customers. Businesses that aspire to become more adaptable and innovative must regularly undergo a cultural makeover. Nevertheless, the most challenging component of transformation is generally the process of implementing and sustaining the long-term adjustments required to prosper in the new environment. Especially if a firm has long placed a premium on operational stability and efficacy, the demands of innovation and agility may first seem to be in contradiction with established corporate culture norms.

Sports Medicine Clinic of Conway

June 1, 2016[Address Block]Dear [FirstName],It is my pleasure to welcome you to the Sports Medicine Clinic of Conway where we offer the finest care to athletes and active people in the central region of Arkansas. Our reputation is built on the experience and training of highly skilled Physical Therapists and Athletic trainers like you. As you can see from the following table, you are in good company.New Employees

First NameLast Name CredentialsStreet AddressCity State Zip Days WorkingSalaryJustin Ebert M.S., ATC34234 S. Callie PlaceConway AR 72032 Monday-Friday$68,000Karen RakowskiATC, PT98234 E. Shepherd LaneConway AR 72032 Monday-Friday$65,000Mike SalatM.S., ATC2342 W. Cardinal StreetConway AR 72032 Monday-Thursday$65,000Average =$66,.000The demand for our services has exceeded our abilities in the past year, so our administration has gladly invested an average salary of $66,000 in the clinic so that we can hire the best Physical Therapists around. We are eager to see you in the clinic [DaysWorking] to work with patients and consult with doctors.If you have any questions about the employment resources available at the Sports Medicine Clinic, please don’t hesitate to ask. Again, we look forward to seeing you in three weeks!

Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction

Student’s name

Institution affiliation

Course Tittle

Professor’s Name

Date

Question 1

Jurisdiction entails the formal power to make legal decisions and judgments. Likewise, it limits the border in which a court of law can implement its authority over cases or appeals. Jurisdiction is significant in this case as it enables the United States district court to listen and decide Falcoal’s matter. Additionally, it allows the court to exercise its rightfully and determine the type of jurisdiction effective for the case.

Personal jurisdiction refers to a court’s power to decide for a party being sued in a case. However, it is the condition that a particular court has control over the defendant based on most minor associates with the setting. On the other hand, subject-matter jurisdiction includes the prerequisite that a specific court can hear particular claims presented to the court. In personal jurisdiction, the judge has the power to make a decision that affects an individual. Additionally, subject-matter jurisdiction includes authority made over the law involved in the suit, while personal jurisdiction entails control over parties influenced by the facts in evidence. As personal jurisdiction has power over the parties to the case, the subject-matter jurisdiction can hear the type of issue.

Markedly, the court applied rules in regards to personal jurisdiction exercised over foreign defendants. The law entailed that a foreign state shall not be immune from the court’s jurisdiction of the United States in any case where the foreign state has waived its immunity either by implication or explicitly. Likewise, this rule implies where the action is based upon a foreign state’s commercial activity performed in the United States. The court cannot exercise personal jurisdiction over foreign defendants unless the defendants have taken action that may be interpreted as a waiver or implied consent expression to the jurisdiction exercised.

Justice and The Law

Justice and The Law

Student’s Name

Institution Affiliation

Course

Date

Justice and the law

Justice can be categorized as distributive or retributive justice. Just distributive asses how political entity distributes resources to its members while retributive justice determines how the society determine innocence and guilt, and how it determines the best penalty for guilt. Procedural law is concerned with individuals getting what they rightly deserve according to their behavior. Therefore, the proposed sentencing guidelines include the characteristics of crime take into account and characteristics of criminal taken into account. According to Aristotle, there are some problems associated with justice. He saw justice as a commodity for sale and advocated for best justice that money can buy. Law is indeterminate and comes from two perspectives that is the transcendental natural law perspective and the evolutionary perspective. The transcendental natural law examines the belief of moral relativists. Social scientist warn against passing moral judgment on other culture. Some believe absolute moral standards of right and wrong that transcends time and culture and are universally applicable exist.

On the other hand, evolutionary perspective consider law as natural. That is to say it emanates from the evolved nature of Homo sapiens. This perspective seeks empirical support for views through study of behavior. Evolutionary perspective poses that choices become norms. It is concerned with what is rather than what ought to be. Evolutionary perspective as a source of justice denotes that morality as a challenge to exploitive behaviors. Moral outrage is perceived as a basis for revenge. Desire to punish has built-in physiological basis. Evidence shown in the brain scans. It is crucial to understand that law and justice are not identical. They can be in accordance with one another or furthest thing or further thing from it. The rule of law concerning due process depicts is defined as a set of instructions informing agents of states how to proceed with those suspected of crimes when outlining ruling to seek equity. This follows various models such as Cesare Beccaria and reform, Herbert Packer’s model of criminal justice and the crime control model.

Justice

Justice

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Justice

Justice according to numerous individuals refers to fairness and it significant for every individual existence. However, it means different things to diverse groups for example, to the ordinary person it will typically mean due castigation when a criminal is punished for a crime. Also, social justice is termed as the perception that every individual deserves equal political, economic as well as social prospects regardless of their gender religion or race. The fair distribution of assets in the society is referred to as distributive justice. Besides, there is environmental justice which denotes to the unbiased treatment of all individuals regarding environmental burdens plus benefits. Therefore justice is among the excellent ethical values in the domains of law and politics; In the society, justice is regarded as that which is right based on the society moral notions of ethics, equity, fairness, religion, and rationality.

Thus justice needs to be in the norm of the prevailing standard of the rule of law (Bassiouni 2017, p.127). According to the rule of law, all decisions need to be made in accord with the law, and no individual is exempt from the law. In a democracy, respect for the rule of law is a significant necessity in safeguarding justice. Furthermore, it ensures that the individuals who are in power never makes some decisions about other people’s lives in an arbitrary as well as impulsive manner, basing on their abomination, beliefs or bigotry and not on what is lawful.

In ethics, legal and political philosophy, the concept of justice occupies the center stage typically. As justice possess diverse meanings in different practical contexts, it is vital to grapple it with this diversity to comprehend it. Firstly, it is evident from the daily routine activities that justice is associated with how individuals are treated. Justice issues arise in situations where individuals can advance some claims for instance to opportunities, resources, and freedom among others which are possibly inconsistent. In this case, the individuals appeal to justice to assist such conflicts through determining what each is entitled to have (Dionigi & Kleidosty, 2017). Though justice is predominantly a matter of the way in which the individuals are treated, there exists the possibility of speaking of justice for groups. This might include the instances like when the government is allocating some resources amongst different categories of citizens. In this situation, each group should be treated like it were a distinct individual for the allocation purposes.

Justice can be classified into three main categories which include: social justice, individual justice besides supernatural justice. The social justice comprises of the government legal systems in which several aspects like courts and judges are used in the implementation of justice. Personal justice encompasses an individual’s ethics while the supernatural justice truth denotes to karma and the benevolent gods.

Social justice

This is the major as well as the essential method of justice in most cultures. In this method, the act of coming up with a structure of laws are established by the society itself besides having some officials impose the rules. Therefore it is prejudiced by the leading religion plus the political group. Through the application of social justice, every individual can recognize what is right and what is wrong conferring to their nobles. Hence they will be competent to comprehend the corrective action which will be placed on them once they go in contradiction of those laws (Bosselmann, 2016).  However, this form of justice possesses some glitches, and one of them is that it prohibits the mainstream in creating the rapports of justice and the ethics of the minorities will eventually be seen as less vital and or they will be unheeded entirely. This has been experienced in numerous societies which have contentious issues.

Personal justice

This system of justice transpires to every individual irrespective of their ethical values. It can sometimes be referred to as a conscious as it typically occurs when an individual has an emotional response towards their deeds as a result of where the person was raised together with their ethics. Personal justice is quite useful since it conforms to an individual’s own life experience and ethics (Zehr, 2015).  Everybody is different and changing, therefore, resulting to social justice being clumsy and tiring to work on an individual measure, however social justice will always be fitting to an individual’s beliefs since they are a part of an individual’s beliefs.

Supernatural justice

This method of justice goes in line with peoples beliefs about something. Many people believe that justice is controlled and organized by a god, some force or energy. They also trust in supernatural forms of justice and thereby take ease in the point that justice will be obliged to everybody and this creates fear in them as it prevents them from doing the wrong deeds since they believe some supernatural justice will befall them.

Conclusion

As discussed above, justice takes some different forms typically, and this depends on the practical context in which it is being used. Therefore it is the responsibility of individuals, the government as well as the institution to uphold the rule of law so that justice will prevail in the societies. Justice is an essential part of ethics and hence should be given much consideration in our moral lives. Moreover, it is an expression of an individual’s mutual recognition of everyone’s essential dignity and an acknowledgment that if individuals live together in the interdependent society, they are obliged to treat others as equals.

References

Bassiouni, M. C. (2017). Searching for peace and achieving justice: The need for accountability. In International Crimes(pp. 113-132). Routledge.

Bosselmann, K. (2016). The principle of sustainability: transforming law and governance. Routledge.

Dionigi, F., & Kleidosty, J. (2017). Theory of Justice. Macat Library.

Zehr, H. (2015). The little book of restorative justice: Revised and updated. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc..

Juvenile Criminality

Juvenile Criminality

Student’s Name

Institution

Juvenile Criminality

Juvenile criminality is the act of young people under the legal age of being recognized as adult getting involved in unlawful misconduct. Delinquency has been a major problem in the society that requires quick solutions so as to save the lives of the future generation. In many instances, the juvenile cause tension in the community and threatens their well-being as well as that of the criminality victims. The society blames the parents being the primary causes of juvenile misconduct but in a real sense, all the community as a whole has the responsibility to shape the youths’ behavior. The young people do not at all times stay with their parents, they spend time at school, with friends as well as at the workplace where they interact with many other people. The young people get involved in brutality and burglary on their way to find satisfaction as well as living a high standard life at their tender age. The individual may not rectify the unethical behavior to which they carry on to adulthood. In this paper, juvenile delinquency is discussed in a profound extent as a problem in the society as well as the measures that can be taken to eradicate the issue.

It is inevitable to have a number of young people who get involved in delinquency in the society but it is possible to minimize if not eradicating such cases. That signifies the essence of juvenile courts in the society where the youths who get involved in criminality get sentenced according to the law. The society today is very involving due to technology advancement, thus the youths make use of the modern weapons and digital techniques to commit the criminal offenses. The juvenile has the desires of high standard lifestyle whose basic thing is capital. Therefore, they get involved in fishy behaviors such as brutality, robbery, burglary as well as information hacking among many other delinquencies (Bartollas, et.al 2017). Peer pressure, unethical upbringing, and poverty in the society significantly impacts juvenile delinquency. The environment in which the youths grows up in greatly shapes the behavior of the young people. Therefore, if one grows in an immoral community there is a greater tendency of them adopting the same conduct and end up becoming a threat to the society.

In bringing up the children parents are fundamental elements, but in the modern society, they seem to have forgotten their responsibility. Research has shown that a high percentage of parents today spend a lot of time at their work and recreation, thus ending up having no time to intermingle with their children. The duty of bringing up the children have been kept aside for the house helps who spend all their time at the homestead and get paid for the same. Therefore, the children’s behavior gets shaped by their characters and at many instances, these house helps do not give the appropriate attention to the children as it would have been given by the parents. There is no one to rectify the juvenile behaviors as they get eroded and they end up getting involved in serious criminal offenses that threatens their well-being as well as that of the community members. To get a sound solution for juvenile delinquency, parents have to take their responsibility of shaping their children behavior by spending enough time with them. It will enable them to identify the children’s flaws and problems, know how to solve them as well as shaping their conducts to responsible citizens who adhere to the nation’s law (Siegel, & Welsh, 2014).

Furthermore, peer pressure has played a significant role in fiercely developing juvenile criminality in the society. Today human being lives in a man eat man society where people try all that they can to utilize available resources to earn income. Human labor is an essential resource as it applies both intelligence and force. People make use of the young people who are pessimistic in nature and eager to earn money as fast as possible at their tender age without much struggle. Among the techniques that they are indulged in acquiring the money is through delinquency actions such as drug trafficking and burglary. Many juveniles get involved in misconducts because they are enticed or engaged in the actions by their friends and other peers who promise opportunities in illegalities (Thompson, & Bynum, 2016). Also, peers introduce others to drug abuse which is a major cause of juvenile delinquency as misused drugs lead to impaired judgments. Therefore, it is important to educate the youths on following self-instincts and principles so they will be able to absorb positive friends in their life who are morally upright. The young people are growing and developing thus the things fed to them will have great impacts on their behaviors and the kind of adults they will become.

The community significantly influences the young people and takes part in making them get involved in misconduct. For instance, consider when the juvenile is in their learning institutions and other public places. They misbehave and their elders cannot take actions of letting them know they are not doing the right thing. The public does not have time to advice the juvenile as they just mind about their business but at the end, they are the victims of juvenile delinquency. For example, consider the act of the government legalizing armament in the learning institutions. The students are authorized to carry weapons such as handbags to the school for their security purposes. Yes, it is well that weapons are for security measures but on the other hand, they take advantage of the same and use the arms to carry out delinquencies. Cases of students shooting their fellow colleagues and tutors as well as hurting community members through brutality and robbery (Shoemaker, 2017). Therefore, the community has to take appropriate measures such as advising the young people and the government prohibiting dangerous laws such as students’ armament to eradicate juvenile delinquency.

From the above discussion, juvenile delinquency is a threat to the society and it significantly causes negative effects on the economy. Therefore, it is everyone’s responsibility to curb it starting with the government, parents, and community in general to shape the juvenile behavior. The society development greatly depends on the young generation thus it is vital to put in place sound techniques in the society in areas such as juvenile courts and other public institutions that enhance ethnicity and eradicate juvenile delinquency.

References

Bartollas, C., Schmalleger, F., & Turner, M. G. (2017). Juvenile delinquency. Pearson.

Shoemaker, D. J. (2017). Juvenile delinquency. Rowman & Littlefield.

Siegel, L. J., & Welsh, B. C. (2014). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice, and law. Cengage Learning.

Thompson, W. E., & Bynum, J. E. (2016). Juvenile delinquency: A sociological approach. Rowman & Littlefield.