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Leadership is all about taking on unexpected challenges and meeting the moment. One particular moment stands out for me when

Leadership is all about taking on unexpected challenges and meeting the moment. One particular moment stands out for me when I think of a moment I was unexpectedly called upon to be a leader. I had been working at a new company for roughly one month and felt that I still had much to learn. I had enjoyed my time there as all of my supervisors and coworkers were nothing but supportive. Everyone was ready to help me with anything I needed, and within a month, I had settled into the rhythm of my job. I was confident that I was doing well at my job, but not enough to lead a new project. When my immediate boss informed me that I would be taking charge of a new project during our weekly meetings, I was quite surprised.

I had no warning of what was to come; my boss simply turned to me and told me that she would like to see how I performed on the task. There was no way I could turn this down in front of all my colleagues and other members of management. I almost panicked, but I remained calm as I knew I had to do my best. Once the meeting was over, my boss told me to meet her in her office to go over the details of the new project. It turned out that this was a form of baptism by fire that all of my coworkers had gone through. The company maintained a tradition of initiating new employees by assigning them a major task to gauge their suitability to their position and the company as a whole.

The company was taking on a new client who would bring in a lot of money if they were satisfied with our work. My boss gave me all the details, assigned a few people to work with me, and said that she trusted me to make her proud. My immediate reaction was the fear that I would fail, embarrassing myself and the company. Despite these fears, I convinced myself that I only had to do my best. Given all that I had learned in the previous month, I convinced myself that I would do well. Sure enough, all of my team members went out of their way to support me, and so did my boss. At the end of it, we did a remarkable job, and I was delighted with myself.

The experience taught me quite a few lessons about myself. The first of these is that I can perform well under pressure. The task was unexpected, but I rallied myself quickly and rose to the occasion. I had a lot of help from my colleagues, but I never faltered or lost hope in myself. Another lesson I learned is that I am a quick learner who can adapt to any situation. I had spent only a month at my new workplace, but the task showed me that I had a good grasp of the company’s traditions and its way of doing things. My boss told me that I had done an excellent job representing the company and maintained its good reputation. I was proud of myself for this achievement.

Third, I also learned that I value the support of the people who help me achieve my goals. My boss and team members all helped me get through the project, and I appreciated their efforts. I learned the value of having a strong team, and I respected their input immensely. I believe that I work well with others due to these values of respect for others and a willingness to listen and learn. The experience taught me a lot about myself and also boosted my self-confidence. It taught me that I can rise to any challenge, no matter how daunting it might seem.

Leadership Style

Leadership Style

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Leadership could be defined as the act of providing direction and guidance for a particular group of people who have a common interest or goal to achieve their targets. Any group has a leader with a set of leadership and personality skills that would make other interested parties follow them. The approach and manner in which a leader provides direction and guidance to implement plans and motivate people under his guidance are the leadership styles. There are different leadership styles in the world today but according to Kurt Lewin study in 1939 they established three major styles of leadership (Cherry,2006) which are;

Autocratic leadership is a practice whereby the leader has absolute power to direct his people without getting feedback or advice. This kind of leadership is also known as authoritarian and most people view this kind of leadership as a path to fueling yelling and a way to lead using threats as the leaders do not expect feedback from the people. This style is often associated with demeaning and abusive as most people call this kind of leadership ‘Bossing around’. It is although a convenient form of leadership when the leader in most circumstances has all he needs to complete and accomplish the target or even solve a problem. It is time-saving and also not involving thus does not give people motivation reducing their flexibility and dedication to the course (Cherry,2006).

Democratic leadership is a style of leadership that often include other players in the process of decision making (Cherry,2006). This allows the employees or people involved to freely air their opinions although the final decision making relies on the leader. This type of leadership develops people’s skills as there is often a lot of flexibility offered encouraging creativity hence improved productivity. This form of leadership is often concerned with the welfare of the people. Although being viewed as the best form of leadership, democratic otherwise known as participative leadership is time-consuming leading to delays in the making of decisions

Laissez-fair leadership style is also known as delegative style which involves the passing of authority to other people to make decisions on behalf of the leader. It is often applied in instances where the people can analyze interpret and be able to make decisions on what ought to be done. In this kind of leadership, the leader is held accountable for the decisions made on his behalf (Cherry,2006). It is practiced when the leader full trusts his people rather than having a blame game when things go wrong.

Paternalistic leadership style, based on authority is a form of leadership whereby the leader guide, help, protect and keep the followers working happily as a big family where the leader is considered the head of the family. Out of gratitude in this form of leadership the followers work harder to provide results. It is applied in Japan due to the cultural background in the region.

Charismatic leadership style is a leadership style whereby the leader can inspire others to follow him/her through the power of influence to reflect the goals of the institution to reflect the individual’s vision. In this type of leadership, the leader is able to transform the attitudes and beliefs of their followers.

From an assessment of personality traits, Donald Trump is said to be an ambiguous man who is often seen to be self-assured, bold and competitive. He is able to direct the public, engage them and even arouse them with his character. He has been considered as an active and yet positive present thus his leadership style can be described as a charismatic leadership style whereby, he has a high dominance and great foreign policy influence (Immelman,2017).

Nancy Pelosi on the other hand with her efforts to keep build consensus in her party has demonstrated democracy style of leadership by building consensus. Despite being called upon by the party to call for impeachment motion she chose not to until new evidence was produced showing the president acting on how own partisan interests (Immelman,2017). She was not influenced easily give in to pressure of her party but rather to have fair and just processes in the house. She is a good leader with strong instincts measure with confidence in her decision-making processes that often include the input of others. Hence the demonstration of the democratic type of leadership by House of Representatives’ Speaker Nancy Pelosi.

Depending on the situation, a good leader would apply the use of all leadership styles.

References

Cherry, K. (2006). Leadership styles. Retrieved from.

Immelman, A. (2017). The Leadership Style of US President Donald J. Trump.

LVT Rewording

Leadership

Being a leader means accepting vulnerability. Contrary to popular belief, my individual experience as a competent leader in almost every area of my life has shown that successful leaders are required to be openly vulnerable to those the followers.

Being a leader on campus has enabled me to oversee and orchestrate a number of cultural, voluntary, and informative ventures together with subordinates and members. In a get-together, I made sure not to use technical devices, trickery, psychology, clever words in a debate to ensure that others agree with me. Instead, I talked to them in a child-like manner. This does not translate to immature or disorder, rather, a mental state. I would consider what I wanted to pass across and searched internally whether I cared about my speech and whether I believed in what I expressed. After such actions of internal analysis, I was ready for communication with my followers using simple and honest language that openly revealed truthfulness and inner emotions. Whenever I was before a crowd, I used great force to speak and led with complete self-assurance not due to my use of a impeccable language or because of the many books I have read regarding leadership days before my announcement for a money-raising campaign, but due to the knowledge of those around me and their belief in me.

The strategy I apply as a leader is an approach of never using technicalities. I openly express my fears, insecurities, expectations, and joy to my colleagues and those near me. I remain vulnerable, always, as a a way of inviting my followers to see my life as an open book and provide constructive criticism regarding my decisions, plans, and thoughts all the time keeping my ears open proactively for the silent and verbal messages. I make sure that I do not use manipulative or charming actions. I reveal my true self to those that are under my leadership, the true individual, and I move on from there reaching a level playing field to acquire understanding, and ultimately, the support of my followers. I lead and live in this manner, whether at school or my workplace.

Volunteerism

Prometheus is a benchmark and symbol regarding how I intend to act in relation to humanity. In contrast to the beliefs held by other gods, Prometheus was aware of the necessity of the knowledge in making strives within their universe, and that even the misuse of that understanding could not take away their right to it. In my personal life, I have worked diligently to share knowledge and to use my position as a way of improving the lives of the people around me.

Teaching the disadvantaged in a volunteering endeavor is one of the social responsibilities that I have held dear, and it is a vital move in my personal pursuit of wisdom. I was able to mentor a young Tibetan girl, Diki, aged 8 years old, in a collaborative effort. At the time she was illiterate. Despite lacking the right resources to acquire a decent education, I found out that she held deep desire, intelligence, and passion. After being a part of her journey in reading and writing, I persuaded her to be journaling. She readily took my suggestion and recorded a number of interesting and original ideas and plans. Additionally, I passed on the message that while dreaming was good, learning how to fail was important. I achieved this through allowing her to see me openly, being vulnerable, and recounting my personal experiences. I shared with her how I took on a challenge in high school to participate in a college-level English unit and was able to manage a C. I told her how I accepted my shortcomings and ultimately attained an A when I redid the course in college.

Knowledge stimulates the mind. By stimulating Diki’s desire to learn, I pushed her to follow her own dreams. There are many others like her who have the capacity to attain great accomplishments if only they could get the right resources. I feel a certain obligation to work with the disadvantaged in the society so that they may have the required resources to follow their own dreams and goals. Despite having assisted Diki in her journey, I am sure that in the end, she will use her strengths to ignite the spark that will positively impact the world. I have the role of providing her with the necessary support to success.

Talent

Photo editing has metamorphosized into an independent art. Whether one is viewing an image on Facebook, on a magazine, or on Instagram, it is likely that a form of editing has been performed on the photograph. The ability to execute superior editing capability is a valuable skill that will become advantageous and vital as time goes by. Numerous hours doing research, copying experts, and hours of practice enabled me to self-learn professional photoshopping and was instrumental in making the dreams of others come true.

Forms of art that necessitate physical kinds of material, such as canvas for painting, offer a number of limitations that the digital form of art does not. Digital creation continues to change how the society should see art as a whole. Being a digital artist, I engage with different art forms such as editing, painting, and shadowing only using the click of a few buttons. Digital art form makes the process of correcting mistakes a little easier. It allows me to edit, draw, and create without much concern for the errors made. This gives some level of creativity and freedom that enables me to thoroughly interact and indulge with my artistic goals and ideas. In my position as a club founder and in a restaurant. My abilities led to a role in designing different posters for extracurricular activities and information seminars in brochures, restaurant menus, or promotional literature. I was able to impress people at my workplace with my keen eye for graphic design and initiative. I was able to complete every project given from its commencement to the end. I was able to see all of my ideas and thoughts come to fruition on paper in a process that was very rewarding and helped me in developing confidence and self-belief.

I was able to turn my growing inquisitiveness for Photoshop into a routine, and now it has become a strength and talent. It gives me the capacity to translate different creations into reality. It has also given me several opportunities to see ideas become useful pieces. In the future, digital editing will be a beneficial tool that will be required for millions of people and organizations and I desire to be a part of its growth in the future. As a driven Photoshop artist, I have the assurance that I can make a notable difference in the society.

Leading Change An Action Plan from the World’s Foremost Expert on Business Leadership by John P. Kotter

Leading Change: An Action Plan from the World’s Foremost Expert on Business Leadership by John P. Kotter

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As suggested by the book’s title, the dominant theme in John Kotter’s book ‘Leading Change’ is change. Change is one of the inevitable processes that we have to go through, but the process is often met with resistance. The reason for this resistance is that change in one aspect of life tends to affect changes in many other areas; hence people are afraid of change. They often prefer the comfort zone where they know what happens next (Kotter 2012). This is also the case in any business or organization. ‘Leading Change’ follows eight steps that are prerequisites to change and some of the reasons as to why many change programs fail, giving insight to business leaders on the steps to take to drive change in their areas of leadership.

To begin, the book first examines the main reasons as to why change programs fail. One of these reasons is being contented with a situation (Kotter 2012), which happens to both leaders and employees in an organization. Most of the time, it is upon management to keep pushing their teams to embrace change, but if everyone gets comfortable, they will go back to their old ways. The author also emphasizes how a lack of vision and a powerful guiding coalition can hinder change within an organization. From this point, the reader gets a clear picture of how essential vision is towards driving change and leaders are encouraged to come up with a sharp image of change to inspire those that they lead (Veling et al). Leaders must also come up with practical ways to communicate this vision to inspire others to embrace change.

Other factors that hinder change include declaring victory too soon. As happens with any situation in life, any goal takes time and hard work to achieve hence claiming victory within a short time can lead to reverting to old habits (Kotter 2012). With this in mind, it is also vital to make milestones as they are achieved in the short term so that employees are motivated to do better. Change should also be incorporated into the corporate culture (Veling et al 2018). The author makes this point that leaders should make employees aware that change is healthy and essential; it leads to growth; hence there is no need to fear change. This is a necessary mindset to keep not just for business leaders but also in embracing change in the daily life of any individual.

Kotter stresses the point that people within an organization should feel that change is a necessary path towards growth. To counter the cynicism that comes with whether a change will have a positive impact, leaders must be prepared. They should recognize that new ideas will often face opposition and hence all the employees must be encouraged to be a part of the change. The process of change will meet resistance; covert, overt or unconscious (Kotter 2012). These points made by the author as to why change fails very relevant to all audiences. While reading through them, the reader can understand and relate it to their own experience hence can be better prepared to counter any negative attitudes towards change.

The author outlines eight steps that drive change, the first being the establishment of a sense of urgency within the organization. Change should be viewed as necessary and urgent for success. Employees should be able to clearly express any issues that they have honestly and openly. It is also important to engage those who are dissatisfied such as customers, employees and other stakeholders. The second step is to create a guiding coalition which is the responsibility of the management (Kotter 2012). The leadership team’s work is merely to inspire others; all the employees need to know that they are essential to change. This is a crucial point related to any real-life situation; success is more likely to be achieved with a team effort.

The third step is to have a clear vision and strategy, and the next step is to communicate it to all members of the organization so that they know what they are working to achieve. The fifth step is to empower employees to take action necessary for change. Some of the things that are disempowering include old systems of leadership, lack of skills, and values. The sixth step is to generate short term wins to keep employees motivated. The seventh step is to consolidate gains to produce more change, and the final step is to instil the culture of change within the organization (Kotter 2012).

While reading this book, I learnt many things that are not only confined to corporate culture but also to real life situations that we face every day. Change is a common feature in our lives, and hence we must be ready to embrace it. Many times we are afraid of change, and the reasons for this are some of those given by Kotter including the fact that we are scared to move out of our comfort zone. To counter this, we can come up with visions and strategies that can motivate us to change.

The primary audience for which this book was intended is business and organizational leaders, and the author does a splendid job of breaking down the change process into three parts. The first is the hindrances to change, the need for change and the eight steps necessary to effect change within the organization. While some of these may seem pretty obvious, how they are categorized and solutions to problems suggested will make it an easy and informative read for leaders. They are given essential pointers on how to deal with resistance and cynicism towards change which is a common thing in all organizations. The author makes his points very precisely to the audience.

The book reinforced my opinions regarding a change. I have often had a problem with change, the biggest one being a fear of the unknown as a result of making changes. This is a challenge that many people experience, and employees or many organizations are no different. The book has therefore given me clarity on some of the reasons as to why change is so complicated and what can be done to make the process more exciting.

In conclusion, I agree with the author on the points on what organizational leadership needs to do to promote change as a tool of growth and progress. The creation of vision and strategy are essential for driving change. Employees are a significant part of the process of change; hence they must be encouraged to communicate honestly on their fears and concerns (Doppelt 2017). Short term gains should be rewarded to keep them motivated. Change should be a part of the corporate culture of any organization and the steps outlined by Kotter will be sure to see any organization embrace change towards thriving operations.

References

Doppelt, B. (2017). Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge.Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard business press.

Veling, L., Crowley, C., Russell, A., Cullen, J. G., McQuillan, L., Gorman, P., … & MacHale, J. (2018). Organizational Change Management (OCM): Preliminary position paper.

Learnado Da vinc’s Art work

Learnado Da vinc’s Art work

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Introduction

Learnado Da vinci is a Renaissance man with fascinating personalities in the Western art history. He had discovered scientifically, excelled in mathematics and was an artist. He used to observe constantly, experiment on things and inventing as well as draw. He did his work with perfection and prospered in almost everything he tried. His painting, drawings and sculptures have been kept for historic facts. Da vinci’s was trained in Florence at Andrea Del Verrochio’s workshop as a sculptor and a painter. Leonardo had curiosity and fascinating craves for knowledge that never left him. He was greatly influenced by Hugo van der Goes, his teacher and Verruchio. He was a teacher and his student’s shared a similar style of artwork. In Modern His beautiful work inspires everyone who comes around his arts even without knowing that Davinci was the one who had done it. He studied various gestures and poses in his study for Nativity of a mother and her child possibly when preparing for his main panel for his famous altar piece called the Virgin of the rocks. The most recognized and famous art work done by Davinci are; the Mona Lisa, Virgin of the Rocks, The last supper, St. Jerome in the wilderness, The baptism of Christ, child with st, Anne, and the virgin. Some others cannot be proven that he was the one who did since he never put signature in his work.

Leonardo’s paintings were considered an art that had outlived its time. He was considered a master in the since that his paintings had hidden messages that would astonish the world .He used Oil on poplar woods on some paintings such as Virgins on the rocks. There are two similar paintings with the same interpretation but the other one showed the halos. His painting did not show halos as his masters rejected the thought of Virgin Mary and Jesus being in an uncouth scenario. The painting showed Angel Uriel and john the Baptist who holds out his hands to suggest prayer towards Jesus.

Leonardo’s work used the light and shadow effect. Leonardo Da Vinci was fascinated with beauty especially when it came to women of class and status. In his hey days as a painter and sculptor he was also questioned on his sexuality because of the painting which came to be known as Vitruvian Man. He was once in love with a lady of the high chambers known as Isabella D’Este .This was said to have propagated the painting of La Belle Ferroniere painting on oil and canvas it showed how light falls on curved surfaces as can be seen in the paintings. His Best woman however was the Monalisa to the art world is the most redone portrait.

La belle on the other was among his many portraits and paintings of women paintings including Adoration of Magi where he formed a new style of painting which is known as chiaroscuro the contrast of colors from light to dark. Leonardo was raised by Christianity or the church since he wanted to be in good terms he depicted such paintings which had symbols of the church. Adoration of Magi was an illusion painting depicting the rise of a kingdom and fall of another kingdom through the son of a virgin. It was later re-painted showing magi in a manger surrounded by Pharisees and sheepherders introducing the birth of Jesus Christ.

Leonardo ventured into science after being incorporated in the Duke of Milan chambers He had outstanding paintings that he drew such as the big horse which was partly unfinished .His fascination of horses was true to the aspect of him actually stilling horses from the stables and drawing them as they fed in the fields. The Big horse which was a task he sketched but did not finish in time to present to the duke. The sketches on canvass drawn with ink show the precise movement of a horse with such grace and the boldness of the duke is evident with the knee lock horse movement. The master of art and creator of art is the description the underground art work describes Leonardo. It is evident that his art was to be immortalized and would be a great pillar in modern art. His art work was done in two periods early work in Florence which he painted, Madonna and child, the adoration of Kings and St Jerome. The next period was referred to as Milan period where he painted Monalisa. The last supper,

The Mona Lisa art work

This piece of work took Davinci 16yrs to finish since it was a masterpiece. This Art represents a portrait of Lisa Del Giocondo who was Francesco Del Gicondo’s wife also known as (Paris Louvre). There was an argument on if it was a fact or an opinion. A sensation of secrecy surrounds this painting, which is obscure in a soft light, creating an impression of attraction. This painting has a technique of painting which is known as sfumato—fumo in Italian means “smoke” meaning there painting has no contours or hard line in it. His painting has seamless changes between dark and light. This painting became famous since it had ambiguity, the smile in Mona lisa and its theft. The ambiguity is because there is s a debate on whether that is Lisa Del Giocondo or someone else. Her smile was the other fact that left it amazing. When one covers one side of her smile the other side was seen frowning. The art shows that she is not smiling brilliantly and she is not facing straight. Her faint smile is almost a smirk and this is seen when one gazes at the picture. Mona lisas arms, are torso, and head each twist faintly in a diverse direction, conveying a detained sense of progress. Davinci forged the technique of placing the subject adjacent to a landscape background. The painting had been stolen and when it was recovered it was stored at Louvre at the back of a bullet proof glass and its safe there. Leonardo investigates the possibilities of oil plant   in the drapery’s soft folds, texture of skin. The deeply retreating background, with its meandering rocks and rivers formations, is an example of Leonardo’s individual view of the natural planet: one in which everything is full of energy and movement, since it is viewed in liquid and in flux.

The last supper art work

The last supper original painting faded and deteriorated after very few years since it had been finished. It seems like he was experimenting with this one and it did not go well Jesus feet were visible in a way they foretold his death on the cross. It only took Davinci 3years to complete it. This painting is famous due to the religious fact since it ha s Christ and his twelve Disciples. The painting has a hidden message such as there is a reflection Jesus with a hidden woman caring a baby and a templar knight seated at the table. Leonardo captured the moment when Christ tells his apostles that one will betray him, and at the foundation of the Eucharist. His statement brings about a visible response, and is effected in the painting in the form of a wave of sensation amongst the apostles. The reactions are expressed by each apostle, and are referred to as “motions of the mind.” Despite the dramatic reaction of the apostles, Leonardo inflicts a sense of order on the landscape. Christ’s head is at the middle of the masterpiece, and is surrounded by a halo-like architectural gap. Christ’s head is at the disappearance point toward the perspective projection lines of the architectural are setting union. The apostles are arranged four groups around him of three united by their posture and gesture. Judas is on the opposite side of the table, and has been set apart from the other apostles by his shadowed face.

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Reference

Kelen, Emery. Leornado da Vinci’s Advice to Artists, ed.. S.l.: s.n., 

Deborah Mends. 2013. How to draw journey. Retrieved from http://www.howtodrawjourney.com/leonardo-da-vinci-drawings.html

Marani, Pietro C. Leonardo da Vinci–the complete paintings. New York City: Abrams, 2000.

Laurenza, Domenico, &Mario Taddei. Leonardo’s machines: Da Vinci’s inventions revealed. Cincinnati, OH: David & Charles, 2006.

Learning-Outcomes

Learning Outcomes for Liberal Arts Studies

Introduction

Liberal Arts Studies help me to learn about the breath area related to art and expression, social and civic, science and description along with the value and meaning. All these learnings have given me a key piece of knowledge that helps me do understand about the meaning of these learning’s for my life and the success of life’s objectives. Hence, this paper would describe about the learning experience related to different breath area. This paper would also describe that these learning’s would be relevant to my life or not.

Art and Expression Breadth Area

It was the aim of my life to learn about the lesson of music because it gives me a complete rest and also give me happiness. Before, this course, I was feeling bad, when I went with my school students to historical place because all students in my class were multi talented in the area of dancing, singing and music, while I was not be able to perform anything. Due to this, I was always thought that I should learn some lessons of music that would help me to be an attractive person and to attract the people of myself.

The course related to music also gives me a real life experience because it provides me a chance by which I could also learn about the music, related expressions and thoughts that also increased my knowledge about the music. Due to this, I could feel an encouraging property within me and it also forces me to go in front of people and show talent. It is because that before the course, I did not able to face the people because I was not being able to perform any entertaining activity that grows the internal fear inside me and also restricted me by making a part of the student group. The course of music gives me the knowledge about the node of music that help me to sing a song to the rhythm of music instruments. Hence, I could state that this type of knowledge has its own meaning in my life because it improves my inner feelings and also change me from a reserve person into social person.

This course required communication orally by which I could be able to deliver my thoughts to my listeners by playing the musical instrument. This course also helps me to solve my problem because it gives me a chance to write the lyrics in my word and deliver my message to the some people of my class in the form of music and singing. This course also develops my thinking in the context of those singers’ happiness that performing in front of the huge crowd and get an appreciation for his performance. In the reference of my personal growth, this course gives me a right path and it also in my personal goal that provide me the chance to change myself as a multi talent person that could be effectively described me in front of other people that was not possible for me without this course.

Social and Civic Breadth Area

I have learnt several courses in my life, but each course has its limitation in the context of knowledge but, that courses did not help me to develop my understandings about the management of human relationship. But, the courses related to sociology, I get the different thing that also help me to know about that way, which could be effective for managing the social structure of the concerning societies in which I live. This course increased my knowledge about the social issue such as the impacts of environmental changing over the wealth and health of people.

Therefore, it could be stated that this knowledge helps me to know about that factor which make the social structure of the societies and also makes negative impacts on the social relationship in the condition of any issues. The main key piece of this knowledge is the making of a strong social view that increases the collectivism in the place of individualism. On the other hand, this theory also encourages me to be a significant part of my society and deliver the entire knowledge and learnings to related societal people that would help the other people to do the same and improve the strength of societies that would also build the strong country.

This course gave me to know the effectiveness of social structure for the individual people and the wealth of the country and also provide me the information about the individualism and its impacts on the societies and country’s wealth. Hence, this knowledge also improves my skills by which I could be able to make attractive relationship with other related people. Due to this I could also able to resolve the relationship between the people to people by making mutual communication. At the same time this skill also helped me to find out the accurate reasons behind the problem by which I could also improve my image among the societies.

After the study of this course, I could say that the above knowledge and related experiences contributed in my personal growth because this study provide me information that helped me to realize the situation of problems. The outcomes of this course also changed me because initially I strongly believed in individualism and always engaged to improve myself for being a role model for other people. But after this course, now I like to work for my society in the place of myself to improve them.

Science and Description

In daily life, we people make huge pollution in our external environment in the form of garbage. The same situation I also faced in my colony, where I lived. Due to this problem, a lot of people got the serious health disease that also caused the negative impacts over the health of newborn babies also. Then, as a member of social community, I have also learnt to how to reduce the quantity of garbage by which my society could be able to reduce the level of pollution in our living areas.

This learning also increased my knowledge by which I could be able to apply the significant garbage collection process. It also helped the entire community people to dispose the garbage according to their nature with the ecological process such as the recycle process. Hence, this knowledge also gives me a meaning full way to work for communities and protect the life on the earth.

This knowledge also improved my skills related to communication that helped me to make the proper communication with the other community members on the issues of garbage and its negative impacts over the people. The above learning also helped me to encourage other people towards the pollution and its impacts that also assisted me to find out the reason behind the problem. The above knowledge also helped me and gave me a direction that made the growth of my personal life. Due to this, I could be able to find the solution of the garbage problems by their recycle process not only in my related societies but also in those societies, which are not directly related to me.

Value and Meaning

We all people living in societies that includes many cultures and these differences also increases the distance between the people because they could not understand the view of other people that makes a communication gap within the society. Therefore, the knowledge related to the ethnic relations and multiculturalism increased my understandings about the cultural differences that also helped me to know the perceptions and thoughts about the different cultural backgrounds by which I could make a significant relationship with the people. This knowledge includes the concepts of culture on the basis of individual perceptions, ethics, believes, and the environment of their societies that would also give a relevance meaning to my life.

The information about the culture and its impacts over the thinking style and attitudes of people also helped me to make the effective communication with the community members on the matter of the cultural problems. Hence, the knowledge related to multiculturalism and ethnic relations also improved my skills related to the cross-cultural communication that also helped me to make a strong association between the related people. This skill effectively helped me to resolve those conflicts between me and other related people by presenting the spiritual beliefs and values between people that would also reduce the ground of conflicts between the people of two different religions.

Hence, this course and these experiences significantly contributed to my personal growth because the thinking towards the religion, culture, ethics, and the values that would grow up the inner respect in my heart related to the other religion people. It would also help me to give up the negative thoughts from my mind that I have created about the different religion and their people on the basis of cultural differences. Hence, it would also help me to survive among the different cultural people without any problem.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it could be stated that the different breath areas give the different type of learnings and knowledge to the people that helps them to face the challenges in their life and get the unique experiences to reduce the problem in life. By this process, the people could also make the effective growth in the life without facing any problem with the help of other people also.

Languagecommunication Assessment

Language/communication Assessment

The Social Responsive Scale (SRS) refers to an assessment tool for measuring the continuum of autism symptom severity. It was originally conceived of as a language assessment for children and adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome, but the tool has now been adapted for various other purposes. In social groups, people communicate using tone of voice and body language to convey messages. The Social Responsive Scale (SRS) is a standardized test that assesses interpersonal communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Chan et al., 2017). The scale provides quantitative information about functional impairments in areas such as verbal communication and play skills. The scale is used by parents, psychologists, teachers, occupational therapists and others to track behavior throughout different stages of life.

The SRS has had numerous evaluations done on its efficacy in different settings. The SRS has become an extremely popular tool in the field of autism research and therapy. Its uses include: diagnosis and identification of ASD; measuring social skills; assessing the severity and functional level of autism; determining the best environment for a child with AS or ASD; and providing a standardized measure of progress in intervention. The SRS was also used as a tool to assess Asperger Syndrome in children with no history of autism. The results indicated an 87% average reduction in social communication problems following treatment. Furthermore, follow-up assessment at 26 months showed that the children’s scores on the SRS had risen to the same levels found for typically developing children (Chan et al., 2017).

In recent times, the SRS has been used as part of a new diagnostic criteria for ASD called the DSM-V. The SRS has also been adapted for use with adults with ASD; this measure is referred to as the Adult-SRS. The original Social Responsiveness Scale, or SRS, is a parent interview composed of two parts: an observation scale and an interview scale. The observation scale requires parents to report on their child’s social skills by means of specific questions pertaining to different settings. The second part consists of open-ended questions that pertain to specific behaviors that parents notice in their child’s everyday interactions with siblings and peers as well as adults.

The main pros of The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) are that it is a well-organized assessment, and it is easy to use. A possible disadvantage of this assessment is that it does not measure self-awareness, and it does not assess what a person is like in their natural environment. Another disadvantage is that it assumes that the assessment will be administered in one sitting, which may not be ideal for some students. Though this may seem like a minor issue, there are other issues that I would consider as drawbacks such as availability of software/hardware needed to administer the assessment (which is provided), and ease of retreatment if an individual subject’s score falls outside of the clinical range. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) can potentially be used in the classroom setting to provide an objective analysis of student progress over time and help pinpoint areas where improvement can be made.

Evidence-Based Practice

Social Communication Emotional Regulation Transactional Supports (SCERTS) refers to an evidence-based practice that is designed to promote social communication, emotional regulation, and transactional supports for mental health clients. Social communication skills are essential to the success of people with mental illness and the success of those in their support network. The purpose of this practice is to increase these skills in order to allow the individual to participate more fully in life and at work (Rubin et al., 2013).

The (SCERTS) model aims at improving social communication between the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the parent, therapist, or other caregiver and to support the child’s emotional regulation. The SCERTS model is a part of evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is about taking appropriate and necessary steps based on research results on how to treat a problem or improve services for individuals with ASD (Rubin et al., 2013).

This model is a multidisciplinary, educational, comprehensive approach that intends to maximize long-term positive outcomes for people with ASD and their families while effectively embracing a wide-range of more focused evidence-based interventions. SCERTS is a set of interventions geared toward increasing emotional self-regulation in children with ASD and their families.

To meet the goals of SCERTS, various components are incorporated. It is important to keep in mind that this model suits a particular target audience. Specifically, it is for individuals with ASD who experience difficulties with emotional self-regulation. There are no special characteristics regarding the autism spectrum disorders that would prevent this model from being applied to other individuals on the autism spectrum. This model has been used successfully by professionals in several aspects of intervention and they have reported some positive results on both children and their family members. All of these outcomes stem from the individual’s ability to regulate their emotions, which stems from the interaction of interventions.

The main pros of Social Communication Emotional Regulation Transactional Supports (SCERTS) include:

– It is a good way to address the needs of individuals with emotional and behavioral challenges

– It can be used to build trusting relationships with students, parents, or staff members

– As it’s a social process the student will not have to do all work alone and would have a chance for peer assistance.

The main cons of SCERTS are that it is not always effective because students sometimes feel they are being talked down to, there isn’t always reinforcement when a student does what they are asked, and some students don’t want to disclose their personal information. Although this method may not be for everyone some schools choose it for various reasons.

I can use this intervention in my classroom to help students that need help managing their emotional state and there are times when they cannot do it on their own. This may be a good intervention method to use because SCERTS is a social process which would allow peer assistance.

References

Chan, W., Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R. (2017). Validating the social responsiveness scale for adults with autism. Autism Research, 10(10), 1663-1671.

Rubin, E., Prizant, B. M., Laurent, A. C., & Wetherby, A. M. (2013). Social communication, emotional regulation, and transactional support (SCERTS). In Interventions for autism spectrum disorders (pp. 107-127). Springer, New York, NY.

Leader Characteristics

Leader Characteristics

Name

Course and Module Number

Instructor

Date

Leader Characteristics

I believe in three major concepts when it comes to leadership. First and first, everyone, whether in a company, a family, a sports team, a community organization, a church, a synagogue, a mosque, or a book club, is a leader in some capacity. I believe that many individuals are unaware of their unique leadership position and hence lose out on opportunities to influence how others behave. The second thing I’m certain of is that everyone has to continue to improve their leadership abilities. Even though it might be difficult to set aside regular time to build and master leadership abilities, it is a crucial discipline for long-term success and achievement. Finally, I believe that leadership qualities can be improved by training and practice, implying that we can all improve our leadership abilities. On top of these qualities, I believe that integrity, delegation and effective communication are the most important characteristics of a leader.

Integrity is among the most important characteristics of a leader. It ought to go without saying how important it is to have a trustworthy reputation. Integrity is an essential characteristic of a leader, and this is true for both the person and the organization, despite the fact that it is not always a factor in how employees are regarded. It is essential for top-level executives since they are the ones responsible for selecting the direction the business will go in as well as making a number of other important decisions. According to the findings of Bell (2013), businesses may have a blind spot when it comes to being honest. Therefore, leaders must make it a priority to ensure that their style at all levels of an organization is cognizant and makes use of the significance of maintaining integrity and being honest.

The second most important characteristic of a leader, in my own assessment, is the ability to delegate. One of the most important roles of a leader is to delegate work to their followers, even if doing so successfully might be challenging. It is not just about allowing oneself more time; it is also about aiding one’s direct reports in moving forward, developing their ability to interact with others, having greater autonomy, and making better judgements (Badjie, 2021). The best leaders cultivate a culture of trust among their teams so that they may more effectively transfer responsibilities to their subordinates. When you delegate responsibilities to others, your team will feel more in control, and you, as a leader, will earn their trust and assist them in their professional development. A leader learns how to choose the individuals who are most qualified to complete certain jobs or projects. Despite the many and obvious advantages of delegation, many managers still struggle to delegate effectively. There are many misconceptions and misunderstandings regarding delegating work, which may cause some leaders to be reluctant to delegate work to others. As a result, being able to assign responsibilities effectively is a crucial ability.

Despite being the third character trait, being an effective communicator is perhaps the most important characteristic of a leader. Being a competent leader and being able to communicate effectively are inextricably linked. The finest leaders are excellent communicators who can convey their message in a number of ways, including educating others, motivating them, and offering guidance to their direct reports. You must also be able to listen to and converse with a varied set of individuals who have various occupations, reside in various locations, have various social identities, and so on. The effectiveness of your business strategy is also heavily influenced by how effectively and often executives from various departments communicate with one another. Iordanoglou (2018) encourages leaders to learn how improved communication and more engaging interactions may significantly enhance your company’s culture. Being able to connect with people on a variety of levels is essential for effective communication and leadership. You must be able to relate to others and recognize yourself in them in order to connect with them. Finding common ground, communicating clearly, piquing people’s attention, getting them enthused, and being true to ourselves all help us connect with others more effectively. When it’s appropriate, a skilled communicator makes choices publicly and collaboratively, provides honest criticism, and often compliments others’ efforts. We must take an active part in the interaction if we want to develop our ability to communicate with one another. This entails ensuring that the environment is free of distractions, being truthful, and accepting responsibility for the message.

In summary, leadership is all about motivating people to be the best version of oneself and to be productive in their role. Therefore, I believe that being able to delegate well, being an effective communicator, and having integrity are the most important qualities that leaders have. These qualities allow leadership to be easier, effective, and inspirational to others.

References

Badjie, G. (2021). Leadership should or should not delegate communication?(a systematic literature review: the art of delegation). Eksis: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 15(2), 67-78.

Bell, R. M. (2013). Charismatic leadership case study with Ronald Reagan as exemplar. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 65(1), 83-91.

Iordanoglou, D. (2018). Future Trends in Leadership Development Practices and the Crucial Leadership Skills. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 15(2).

Leadership Analysis Report

Leadership Analysis ReportStudent Name:

Student Number:

Date:

Contents

TOC o “1-3” h z u Leadership Analysis Report PAGEREF _Toc69994480 h 1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc69994481 h 3Importance of the Chosen Issue PAGEREF _Toc69994482 h 4Impacts of Leadership in Relation to Personal Values PAGEREF _Toc69994483 h 6Leadership Issues in Relation to Chosen Issue PAGEREF _Toc69994484 h 7Approaches to Leadings Change and Advocacy for this Issues PAGEREF _Toc69994485 h 9Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc69994486 h 10References PAGEREF _Toc69994487 h 11

IntroductionThe purpose of this report is based on the first part of the assignment (Part A), which focuses on the issues of “who decides curriculum, and what the role of family and community is in contributing to programs. The question applies back to the issue of leadership in Early Childhood Education (ECE), an issue that is important to the education sector in Australia. In regard to the issue of focus, this report will discuss the importance of the selected issue, and the appropriate approaches that help bring about advocacy and change on the issue chosen. In addition, this report will also provide a detailed analysis of the impacts of the chosen issue on leadership in relation to various factors such as personal professional values and beliefs.

As it is in many parts of the globe, curriculum is one of the most important elements in any education system. Within any academic institution, the development of a clear and efficient curriculum provides a collection of assessments, lessons, and other academic or institutional contents that are supposed to be taught in a school program. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore clear that, the development of an efficient curriculum is an important aspect in many learning institutions globally both public and private. While curriculum plays a vital role in enhancing learning and teaching among academic institutions, it goes without saying that, leadership as well forms and plays an imperative role in the establishment of an effective, clearly established curriculum system leading to the provision of high quality education. By helping in the establishment of an effective curriculum system, effective leadership is paving way for the establishment of an education system that ensures the availability of enhanced learning and teaching. In Australia, the curriculum is determined and developed by ACARA board (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority), an institution funded and authorized by the Australian government, all state, and territory governments to decide and develop the Australian Curriculum. With this regard, it is imperative to note that, it is through the leadership structure of ACARA that there exists inclusivity collaboration with other stakeholders such as families and the community at large and as a result creating an environment of shared sense of direction and mission within the Australian education system. By engaging these stakeholders, ACARA will be able to improve its awareness on matters involving the local community as well as the interest and needs of families and children and as a result improving on their leadership work in their respective environment, for instance when determining the presentation of the final contents to be published on the website. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore important to establish and adopt various approaches such as professional development from time to time that guide the establishment of this relationship by addressing key challenges that might impact it negatively.

Importance of the Chosen IssueDetermining who decides curriculum, and what the role of family and community is in contributing to programs is one of the most important aspect within academic and learning institutions. With the day by day developments of new technologies, tools and methods of instruction, students, learning activities, and educational objectives various countries Australia included need to consider new approaches and ways to keep up with these changing factors and avoid key challenges that influence learning in during the short and long run (Mufanechiya, 2015). In this regard, it therefore important for learning institutions to establish curriculum systems that provide a collection of assessments, lessons, and other academic or institutional contents that are supposed to be taught in a school program. Savage (2016) indicates that, in Australia, the ACARA board (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority), is an example of a national governmental institution charged with the responsibility of deciding and developing the Australian curriculum. The willingness by the Australian government to establish and fund ACARA in order to take part in deciding curriculum indicates the government’s need to establish a system that not only works for a certain region, but cuts across regional, public, and private schools borders in an effort to provide all Australian learners with a home based proud educational system . Atweh & Singh (2011) indicate that, by establishing a curriculum system that is to be followed by all learning institutions in Australia, ACARA board in conjunction with the education department is able to create a fairly based system driving towards the achievement of a common goal, which is, working together to ensure enhanced teaching and learning within all Australia’s learning institutions.

The development and establishment of the curriculum in many learning institutions is not just considered the work of one stakeholder, for instance, ACARA, but a joint effort of numerous groups. According to Waniganayake et al. (2012), leaders can improve their working environments through awareness of the available local community and interest and needs of families and children at the centre, for instance, when determining the presentation of the final contents to be published on the website. With this regard, it is therefore evident that the establishment of curriculum system such as the Australian curriculum is indeed is a joint effort of not one but numerous groups. Understanding the various roles of the community when it comes to education matter is of great significance. According to Mufanechiya (2015), engagement in community participation on education matters is a grass root strategy emphasizing on the need for collective abilities rather than individuals and self centered abilities due to the fact that they add value on children’s development processes. Provision of education should be a task of shared responsibilities between different groups. Taking into perspective the various power dynamics between communities and schools greatly helps in collective decision making among individuals. With this, it is clear that there a need to utilize all the available material and human resource in order to provide students with an excellent foundation they can have to survive in the complex market. The establishment of soluble problems such as assistance with homework involving cultural and ethnic tops that some members of the community have knowledge considers the need for community intervention. On the other hand, the establishment of a caring and respectful relationship between educators, families, and children creates an effective collaborative relationship which is constructive in terms of learning experiences and curriculum development to various children in their local communities (Olibie, 2014). While establishing the role of communities and families on curriculum development, it is important to note that effective leadership also plays a major role in establishing and providing high quality education. For instance, in communities, the development of management skills and effective leadership for different communal services can help provide a high quality environment for children development and learning.

For curriculum development to be very effective and schools to succeed, individual who decide must be present in the process of developing the curriculum. Therefore, without any doubt leaders in education have a vital role in ensuring teachers and other instructors provide quality education to learners based on the teacher’s experience, competencies, and knowledge that ensures the curriculum is well and effectively developed. ACARA board as well as the department of education implement and decide on the curriculum, hence providing better and simplified learning because the two teams respectively, are the most knowledgeable in matters of teaching and ways in which the curriculum should be introduced and followed in the classroom. Therefore, the involvement of curriculum development teams for instance the education department and the ACARA board is imperative for a meaningful and successful development in curriculum. ACARA takes the national approach in matters of education by implementing and developing a comprehensive and robust national curriculum to be followed by all students. Also, they run National assessment program in terms of National tests that learners take in schools. The ACARA board is also responsible for publishing and controlling data in schools within Australia, to measure the performance and resources of schools all around the country.

Impacts of Leadership in Relation to Personal ValuesImplementation of curriculum by the department of education and ACARA board results into the adoption of ethics, values, and, moral in leadership decisions within classrooms, staffrooms relationships and cultures in school improvements (Kindler, 2016). Most successful leaders in schools are flexible in terms of their thinking associated with core values such as optimism, resilience, and persistence. These traits help in facing challenges of intellectually alien community, parental passivity, and national policies that are not benefiting the school. In addition, successful principals in schools are able to achieve success leadership because they have the ability to enter into different relations inside their world, that is, functional and personal (Savage, 2018). The functional relationship has no purpose other than allowing us to be ourselves whereas the functional relations are of importance in leadership since they are instrumental. This interdependence of personal and functional relations is seen to be both desirable and inevitable. With intentional leadership, leaders are able to come up with more than only performing the specific jobs provided to them. In this regard, managers are only expected to focus on only school staff and the handling of the day to day activities. However, a good leader is visionary and expected to be prepared for the future outcomes (Parkes, 2013). Bearing this in mind, it is therefore clear that leaders are able to counter any challenges that occur in future.

Head teachers secure and grow their success by practicing leadership actions and strategies. Effective head teachers always make their judgment based on their selection, timing, context, relevance, continuation, and application of these strategies which create right and effective condition learning teaching and student achievement as per requirement of the curriculum. Leadership focus in classroom level is reflected in vast literature within instructional leadership (Waniganayake et al., 2015). It is therefore imperative to have those instructional leadership practices in school as per the curriculum to enable potential outcomes and benefits to students.

Leadership Issues in Relation to Chosen Issue

Education systems within several countries globally have gone through considerable reforms since education policies are designed to respond to the various forces and processes of globalization. Education system of Australia is not an exception is experiencing these issues, as it is evident in experiencing these issues, as is evident in the implementation of Australia’s first national curriculum that commenced officially in the year 2012 (Kindler, 2016). Therefore, factors that factors that are both outside and within school context can impinge the leadership and practises of individuals in the curriculum leadership because of the strange and new implementation of curriculum. Therefore, bearing this in mind, it is imperative for leaders to employ numerous micro-political strategies in order to achieve their goals.

Usually, the curriculum of a given learning institution in given country is located to a given extent based on what matters more in the present, past, and future (Parkinson, 2015). It represents what is considered important, while also representing a vision of the intended foundation for the Australian generation that is at school. However, leaders in the administration are experiencing issues such as facing challenges in the new forms and bodies in knowledge that are viewed to be imperative in the universities and in also everyday life. For instance, computer technology has developed to an extent than they cannot allow different multiple commands to be achieved examining different sources at a go unlike before where this was impossible to achieve. Therefore, these leaders in schools are required to apply new designed curriculum that fits the current needs and see to it that it is followed, which may be a problem before learners can fully adopt the change.

In today’s curriculum leaders in the field of education end up finding themselves tackling interesting issues and occurrences. In regard to this, Parkes (2013) indicates that one issue that results to these challenges and occurrences is the academic rationalist curriculum discourse. Here, in numerous academic curriculum designs, it is evident that the curriculum design and good program means a build up of the academic units, so that when students are progressing thought degree, they also develop into an increased sophisticated and specialized disciplinary understanding and knowledge. However, this curriculum design if shared widely brings about the sense of how the university curriculum design is complex, and continues to be increasing abstract and complex as learners progress with their degree programs. Therefore, this becomes an issue as it makes learning in universities become complex. With this, students therefore are forced to begin their first year survey of units as they progress to their major specification units

Professional development is another major leadership issues in relation to chosen issue (Dao, 2017). In an effort to create a new curriculum that is to be used in school programs, there is a need to constitute professional development for teachers and other relevant stakeholders. This process involves the help that all stakeholders for example teachers, will need when the process of changing is in place Professional development can be considered a major leadership issues in relation to chosen issue due to the fact that, lack of school based development presents major challenges and issues for a vast majority of participants including leaders during the implementation of the curriculum.

Federal governments for the longest time have had a vital role in the development of technical curricular systems for universities and colleges. In this regard, it is therefore clear to note that, apart from professional, government and politics are also considered leadership issues in relation to curriculum development. Studies of management and leadership are an important part in teacher’s preparation programs. There is need for teacher to study policy and politics due to their dynamic nature as they change with time and affect the curriculum. For instance, Australia is well known for the dynamic nature of its socio-political landscape (Rose, 2016). Based on the fact the Australian context is comprised on three different tiers of government, that include, eight separate states and the territory jurisdictions, it is important to note that all these tiers of government are involved in the provision of early childhood programs. This kind of situation contributes primarily to the complex and abstract policy environment, that is, characterised by disparate approaches in regulation, accountability, and funding. As a result, this factor brings new structure of governance, leadership, and issues to policy framework, that in turn affect the Australia’s national curriculum.

Approaches to Leadings Change and Advocacy for this IssuesIn order to ensure change and advocacy on the chosen issues regarding curriculum development, several recommendation and strategies need to be adopted (Donnelly, 2015). For instance, there is need for future research to be conducted within other territories and states in Australia and in several different schools so as to compare findings, which can contribute in implementing better and large scale reforms of the curriculum. Also, approaches in comparative studies can be carried out in order to explore ways in which school leaders implement the national curriculum, in order to identify commonalities and differences in the implementation. This may result to improvement in the manner of implementing the national curriculum (Dao, 2017). School leaders can conduct further research within the school site so that findings of that current study can be shared with individuals of leadership in school curriculum and there insight and perceptions can be used in regard to implementation and efficacy of the curriculum.

Creating awareness on the importance of involving both family and local community is another approach towards leading change (Dao, 2017). In many countries, Australia included the involvement of families and communities when developing and deciding the curriculum for school programs has always been a major challenge. In this regard, it is important for authorities charged with the responsibility of developing curriculum for school programs to engage both the local communities and families in these programs due to various imperative roles they play. The awareness of local communities and the interests and needs of students enhances how leaders work in implementing the curriculum, for instance, when determining the presentation of the final contents to be published on the website. Major occurrence and events such as professional development in a country such as Australia can influence performance of leaders and their responsibility locally

Professional development is another approach that can be used in leading change. According to Dao (2017), in an effort to create a new curriculum that is to be used in school programs, there is a need to constitute professional development for teachers and other relevant stakeholders. This process involves the help that all stakeholders for example teachers, will need when the process of changing is in place (Rose, 2016). Professional development is considered of great importance due to the fact that, lack of school based development presents major challenges and issues for a vast majority of participants during the implementation of the curriculum. In this regard, it is therefore important for professional development to be carried out in order to create an ease lead to change and advocacy for curriculum development.

ConclusionIn summary, curriculum is one of the most important elements in any education system. It is imperative to note that, the development of a clear and efficient curriculum provides a collection of assessments, lessons, and other academic or institutional contents that are supposed to be taught in a school program. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore clear that, the development of an efficient curriculum is an important aspect in many learning institutions globally. While curriculum plays a vital role in enhancing learning and teaching among academic institutions, it goes without saying that, leadership as well forms and plays an important role in the establishment of an effective and clearly established curriculum system leading to the provision of high quality education. By helping in the establishment of an effective curriculum system, effective leadership is paving way for the establishment of an education system that ensures the availability of enhanced learning and teaching. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore important to establish and adopt various approaches such as professional development from time to time that guide the establishment of this relationship by addressing key challenges that might impact it negatively.

ReferencesAtweh, B., & Singh, P. (2011). The Australian curriculum: Continuing the national

conversation. Australian Journal of Education, 55(3), 189-196.

Dao, L. (2017). Leading the Implementation of the National Curriculum: A case study in one

Queensland school (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology).

Donnelly, K. (2015). Review of the Australian Curriculum: A view from a member of the

Review Team. Curriculum Perspectives, 35(1), 8-19.

Kindler, M. (2016). Implementing the Australian Curriculum: Milestones, developmental

iterations, delays, widening fissures and priorities for the future. Curriculum Perspectives, 16(2), 52-61.

Mufanechiya, T. (2015). Community participation in curriculum implementation in Zimbabwean

primary schools (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa).

Olibie, E. I. (2014). Parental Involvement in Curriculum Implementation as Perceived by Nigeria

Secondary School Principals. Journal of Education and Learning, 3(1), 40-51.

Parkes, R. J. (2013). Challenges for curriculum leadership in contemporary teacher

education. Australian journal of teacher education, 38(7), 8.

Parkinson, C. (2015). Australian Curriculum implementation in a remote Aboriginal school: A

curriculum leader’s search for a transformational compromise. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 14(3), 94-105.

Rose, J. R. (2016). The Australian national curriculum: perspectives of teachers and school

administrators on issues and concerns surrounding implementation (Doctoral dissertation).

Savage, G. C., & Lewis, S. (2018). The phantom national? Assembling national teaching

standards in Australia’s federal system. Journal of Education Policy, 33(1), 118-142.

Savage, G. C. (2016). Who’s steering the ship? National curriculum reform and the re-shaping of

Australian federalism. Journal of Education Policy, 31(6), 833-850.

Waniganayake, M., Rodd, J., & Gibbs, L. (2015). Thinking and learning about leadership: Early

childhood research from Australia, Finland and Norway. Community Child Care Co-operative (NSW).

Waniganayake, M., Cheeseman, S., Fenech, M., Hadley, F., & Shepherd, W. (2012). Leadership:

Contexts and complexities in early childhood education. Oxford University Press.

Suspense and Horror Trailer Analysis

Larinda Griffin

Mrs. Jenkins

ENG 1123

Date

Suspense and Horror Trailer Analysis

Horror movies are filled with suspense and are scary, thus have an effect of raising the body adrenaline. Suspense and horror movies have similar characteristics that include fear of death, disfigurement, scary places, dismemberment, spooky music, suspense, dark, and mostly composed of creepy and crawling things. Stephen King’s movies are based on suspense and horror as they share most of the horror characteristics and thus are scary movies. Among the selected trailers, suspense and horror characteristics such as creepy sounds, corpse, fonts, screams, lightening as well as shattering glasses and whirling wind are evident.

Creepy Show is one of the trailers that is based on Stephen King’s work that exhibits characteristics such as creepy sounds and loud explosions making it a suspense and horror trailer. The film incorporates various themes that are full of suspense and horror ranging from the sounds to graphics. Sounds are introduced from the beginning of the trailer to the end, but it is not a single sound all over as there are other mixed horrific and creepy sounds produced by the characters and objects. Eerie sounds are heard from the background which is an indication that the movie is a horror film. The whirling of winds is a good indication of a horrific incident as well as loud explosions that creates suspense. In the combination of the human screams, the trailer becomes full of suspense. Concerning language, the narrator in the trailer uses a language that is full of terror and suspense from the way he introduces the characters and scenes to the way he keeps the audience waiting for the next moment to see what will happen. In regards to iconography, the trailer incorporates such items as corpses, cockroaches, monsters and terrified humans. These characteristics indicate a terrific suspense film.

The Cat’s Eyes is another suspense and horror trailer based on the works of Stephen King, exhibiting characteristics as cat’s growls, horrific sounds and human screams. The trailer introduces horrific events through a storyline of events as they happen as witnessed through a cat’s eyes. The movie trailer is suspenseful and at the same time horrific in that it has some aspects of horror movies. Sound is one of the main characteristics of horror; Creepy sounds follow the soft background music used in the introduction while the rest of the trailer is filled with horrific sounds such as cat growls and human screams. Concerning the language, the narrator uses a terror and suspense language, for example, he says that “The master of murder and horror” a quote that it is full of terror. In regards to iconography, various incidences include a cat growling out of fear, cars colliding, women screaming out of panic, cigarettes smoke coming from the ears, cracking walls as well as a giant cat’s eye that is used to indicate horror. Horrific graphics have as well been used in the trailer that includes gothic fronts and the use of weapons such as guns indicating that crime and murder is a common theme in the film.

Misery 1990 is the next trailer in Stephen King’s series showing horror characteristics loneliness, mockery and mistreatment of a man by a female. The man has been bedridden since his legs has had fractures and thus have remained confined in bed on the mercy of an inhuman female. The trailer ‘Misery’ notes Stephen King as the author of the novel and incorporates various elements of suspense and horror movie that include sound and language. Various sounds, including screams, loud bangs, high voices, and screeching sounds have been used as an indicator of suspense and horror and therefore the trailer can be classified as both misery and horror. Horrific language has also been used in the dialogues that are full of terror and suspense with the narrator making the highest contribution in introducing the trailer. For example, the woman says that “You better hope that I don’t die, because if I die, you die” indicating threats of death which has been at times made real as the woman injects the man against his will and also almost cripples his legs with a hammer. The use of fonts as well makes it a suspense trailer and thus, ‘Misery 1990’ therefore is a suspense and horror trailer.

In conclusion, all of Stephen King’s trailers are full of suspense and horror in that they share common themes and horrific elements from sounds to language. This paper is significant because it helps the viewers identify suspense and horror movies; for example, creepy and screaming sounds, gothic fonts, and lightening are common characteristics that introduce the films are horror movies.

Works Cited

Cat’s Eye (1985) Official Trailer – Drew Barrymore, Stephen King Horror Movie HD. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/rqzTazrYx5M?t=4Creep Show (1982) Official Trailer – Hal Holbrook, Leslie Nielsen Movie HD. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/owdnnaNs2RI?t=29Misery (1990) – Original Trailer. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/cWVxFKn7qx4?t=87