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Logistics and Supply Chain Article Analysis

Logistics and Supply Chain Article Analysis

Logistics is defined as the monitoring of procurement, planning, execution and movement of materials, communication, service and capital flows with the aim of attaining an objective or a strategy. It might also be defined in other terms as the management of inventory both on transit and in rest. According to Robeson (1994) logistics did not play a crucial role in the success of the company. The meaning of logistics was not well known and accepted in the 1970s and its function was mainly known as distribution of finished good and the receiving and storage of raw materials. In recent times, logistics has gained acceptance by most businesses, industries and markets. In addition, the crucial role of supply chain management has created competitiveness as well as company profitability which have in turn made logistics an important strategy (McGinnis & Kohn, 2002).

In strategic logistic planning, change is inevitable in order to succeed in the competitive global economy. Change comes in various forms which include faster delivery of products and service, sophisticated technologies and differentiation of products. The reason for all this is to have a responsive and more dynamic logistic system which gives the company a competitive edge (Robeson, 1994). A logistics strategy will only give a company a competitive advantage if the company can provide the products and service when they are needed by the consumer and at the right time.

In the twenty first century, people have become very busy and it is difficult for them to go out to a store and shop for what they need. Most companies have developed strategies on how to meet the needs of these customers. Best buy is an example of such a company that has developed strategies to attract such consumers who are willing to make a purchase, but do not have the time to do so. They provide catalogues for these customers who after selecting what they wish to buy, through the website, their products are delivered to them right on their doorsteps. This is a convenient way for the customer to make a purchase without physically going to the store. There is a growing need for such kind of convenience in the world. This need has directly affected the supply chain where the company is required to not only deliver to the different distribution points, but also directly to the customers. This type of distribution comes with its advantages because a company representative interacts directly with the customer and is able to gain information on the different needs the customer wishes could be met. A flexible logistic strategy is very crucial for the success of a business and for effective competition (Robeson, 1994).

Effective management of logistics and supply chain is crucial in satisfying customer requirements for a product or service. It is important that the products or services are supplied to the customer at the right time and at the right place at a minimum cost. Poor logistics which might include a poor location can have severe implications on the whole company. The effective movement of goods and raw materials from the point of manufacture to the final consumer is very important in today’s business environment (Lingham, 2008). The location of the supply chain should be in such a way that the consumer is able to access the product or service with ease. Choosing a poor location would have negative implication meaning that the consumers would prefer to buy products or services from other competitors. This makes it hard for the company to compete in the industry. Having poor location affects distribution negatively making it very expensive to supply the products which will mean that the price for the products will be higher than the price set by other competitors making it hard for the company to thrive in the industry (Lingham, 2008).

The choice of transport is very important in ensuring that products are delivered to the consumer in time. The time between the order and the delivery should be minimized so as to meet the needs of the consumer in the shortest time possible (Lingham, 2008). With the aim of reducing transport costs, different companies have been known to use the slowest means of transport which are obviously cheaper. This will impact negatively on the relationship between the company and the customer. The customer will most likely not accept products or services from that same company in the future due to late deliveries.

Today everyone is looking for convenience and will buy products and services from a company that will be able to deliver required products within the shortest time possible. The biggest change that has occurred in logistic strategy planning is the use of technology to learn about customer needs and offer deliveries fast. The internet has become the most convenient way to buy products and services. Most companies have developed websites where with one touch of a button, the customers are able to view all the products available and the easiest ways to get the products to them in the shortest time possible.

Finally, logistics and supply chain management is very vital for the success of a company. If the logistics are well structured to meet the needs of customers and offer the products in the shortest time possible, then this will give the company a competitive edge in the industry. However, if a company has inappropriate logistics, they will be unable to retain customers and venture into new markets. Their business will be overshadowed by other competitors because customers tend to prefer products from a company that meets their needs, delivers on time or makes the products easily accessible.

Logistics in Melbourne

Logistics in Melbourne

NameSupervisorInstitutionDate

In Melbourne city shopping centre, system thinking is a process that utilizes the tools, habits and concepts in a bid to develop a proper understanding of the structures of dynamic systems. With the proper understanding of the system, an individual can easily leverage some of the points in the system so to achieve all the desired goals. In an organization when faced with a dilemma where one is supposed to choose between two opposing partner companies, the organization will be forced to look for a company that can be easily leveraged so as to be able to achieve the company’s goal at a lesser price while still being able to reap profits.

This system of thinking uses two models of thinking so as to be able to apply it in the running of the organization. These models are a single and double loop thinking and learning models. Single-loop model is one that involves the connection of a strategy that will be used in action to the results required from the action. This process is common in the way companies are using the feedback that they gain from their customers so as to better run and develop their products. Microsoft and their recent operating system is one such instance. The Windows 8 system did away with many of the fan-favorite approaches that made it easy to use. However, the backlash has resulted in the company basing their decisions to change the operating system based on the feedback from consumers. This is a learning process for the company.

However, the process whereby the company opts to learn from the feedback and to reevaluate their goals and values then reenacting some of their goals is called the double loop thinking model. This is an added step to a single-loop learning model.

Organization leaders need to understand that there is more to a company than just learning from their consumers and the mistakes that their competitors make. It is for this reason that company managers need to apply the double loop of thinking so as to be able to meet the growing demands of their consumers. However, the single-loop of thinking as well needs to be applied. The reason is that, different companies have their own ways of dealing with the unhappiness of some consumers, and thus they try and change their approach based on the feedback. Therefore, there is no wrong or right method of thinking but it all depends on the situation.

To realize the changes that are taking place outside the organization, company leaders need to be able to use the double thinking model. This is because, they are supposed to look at the situation and determine whether they are affected. If so, they will need to reevaluate the goals and values of the company and conform to them. However, within the organization, there are different approaches applied for different situations.

In conclusion, for a company to thrive in a business industry there is no particular model that can be applied to the company. The company leadership will have to change their approaches based on the instances.

References

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow (1st ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Northouse, P. (2013). Leadership (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.[1]Northouse, P. (2013). Leadership (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGEKahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow (1st ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

LOGISTICS NETWORK

LOGISTICS NETWORK

Name:

Institutional Affiliation:

Logistics Network

The first thing I would embark on in this design would be to get everyone involved in the entire process, ranging from higher management to all the lowest employee on the company’s payroll, as the decision that we will make not only effect the present, but the future days as well. I will then put together cross-functional teams including someone from the sale department, the marketing department, manufacture, as well as operation. “A cross-functional team can be referred to as a team comprised of professionals drawn from different functional areas within a given company” (Simchi, 2010, pp. 110-1).These teams use concurrent approaches.

According to Tepic, (2011, p. 76)”The logistics design network is simply a strategic decision that possesses long lasting effects, as well as impacts all functions within the company. For the basic success of such a project, several levels of the organization have to be involved”. These are:

Upper Management: This new design has to be aligned with the vision as well as strategic goals of the hiring company. Additionally, such a project might be costly, so management buy-in will be essential in order to ensure that enough resources will be devoted to the project.

Sales and Marketing: Demand forecasts in addition to the anticipated changes in the product design and offerings will affect the network, and the involvement of sales and marketing teams will be required (Donald, 2010).

Manufacturing and Operations: The entire logistics network design will possess an obvious impact on the day-to-day operations of the firm. For the implementation towards success, it is essential that all the people involved with the system of operation on a daily basis will be involved in its design (Simchi, 2010).

The decision showing a single warehouse will be built has been reached up-front. Therefore, we will only need to focus on the final location as well as the capacity of the warehouse, and then determine how much space has to be allocated to each product inside the warehouse. The major steps of the analysis are as outlined below.

Data collection

Location of retail stores, existing warehouses, manufacturing facilities (, and suppliers.

Candidate locations for a new warehouse.

Information about products, i.e., their sizes, shapes and volumes.

Annual demand (past actual plus future estimates) as well as service level requirements of retail stores.

Transportation rates by available modes.

Transportation distances from candidate warehouse locations to retail stores.

Handling, storage as well as fixed costs that are associated with warehousing. Fixed costs have to be expressed as being a function of warehouse capacity (Donald, 2010).

Fixed ordering costs, order frequencies and sizes by product or product family.

Data aggregation

In this case, the following will be included:

Demand require to be aggregated based on the distribution patterns and product types.

Mathematical model building.

Model validation based on the existing network structure.

Selecting of a few low-cost alternatives that are based on the basic mathematical model.

For the final decision, we will incorporate qualitative factors disregarded in the initial mathematical model. For instance, specific regulations and environmental factors.

Optionally, build a detailed simulation model to evaluate these low-cost candidate solutions.

According to Tepic, (2011, pg 65)”With a centralized warehouse, the service level is going to increase and inventory holding costs will be decreasing due to risk pooling. Additionally, fixed costs associated with such warehousing will decrease in a typical way, and inbound transportation costs ranging from the manufacturing facility up to the warehouse level should be less than the total sum of the previous inbound transportation expenditures.” However, we won’t incur increased outbound transportation costs drawn from the focal stockroom to the retailers. In a rundown, the vital configuration exchange off is between transportation expenditures on one hand in addition stock holding expenses and administration level necessities on the other.

In selecting potential stockroom destinations, it is critical to consider issues, for example, land and base conditions, characteristic assets and work accessibility, nearby industry and expense regulations, and open investment (Mallik, 2010). For each of the accompanying commercial enterprises, give particular cases of how the issues recorded above could influence the decision of potential stockroom locales:

automobile fabricating

pharmaceuticals

books

Aircraft fabricating

book circulation

Furniture assembling and circulation

Pc fabricating

In, for example, car producing, autos are typically conveyed over area, and interest is focused around significant urban areas. Therefore, we would expect distribution centers in this industry to be found close extensive urban areas with simple access to expressways and railroads. This would help to decrease the conveyance lead time to dealerships in the urban areas (Donald, 2010).

In the pharmaceutical business, overnight conveyance is normal. Accordingly, closeness to a real airplane terminal is a variable that ought to be considered when picking a stockroom area. Moreover, for crude material distribution centers it is critical that these are near characteristic assets (Simchi, 2010).

In the book business, supplier stockroom areas would be influenced by the accessibility of adjacent regular assets.

With an extensive client build looking for books with respect towards this line, short conveyance lead times are essential. In this manner, in book dissemination, we would hope to discover huge concentrated stockrooms on sensibly valued area where fast transportation modes are accessible (Mallik, 2010). At the end of it all, the warehouse will be fully functional. The logistics network with only one warehouse will be realized out of all the steps described above.

References

Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., & Simchi-Levi, E. (2008). Designing and managing the supply

chain: Concepts, strategies, and case studies. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, pp 110-1

Tepic, J., Tanackov,I., S.Gordan (2011). Ancient Logistics – Historical Timeline and Etymology.

Technical Gazette, pg 76.

Donald, W. (2010). Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Arm. University

of California

L. Torre, Smilowitz, I. (2012). Disaster relief routing: Integrating research and practice Socio

Economic Planning Sciences vol46.

Mallik, S. (2010). “Customer Service in Supply Chain Management”. The Handbook of

Technology Management: Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and

Global Management, vol 2 (1 ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey.

R. Ruggeri, A. Perego.(2002). Industrial Logistics

LOGOS MIX AND MATCH ACTIVITY

LOGOS MIX AND MATCH ACTIVITY

Which type of logos is displayed in the following examples? Definition

Induction

Deduction

Analogy

Difference

Causation

1.

Type of Logos: ___ fallacy of logic_______________

2.

Type of Logos ___strawman fallacy_____________

3.

Type of Logos ____emotional fallacy____________

4.

Type of Logos __fallacy_of logic________________

5.

What type of logos is LeBlanc using to come to the conclusion MFiteJohnson had the “super cold”?

Circular argument fallacy______________

6.

Type of Logos _Ethical fallacy, Post hoc ergo propter hoc _______________

Long Term Capital Management

Long Term Capital Management

The company failure concept of blind spots is demonstrated in the Long Term Capital Management article by way of forecasting model risks, operational risks, and external events that the firm was ill-prepared to meet. The first problem was with the ways in which LTCM dealt with risk management. The exact same risk management methods that originally brought attention to and identified the issue also made it possible for the liquidation of the portfolio to take place in a measured and controlled manner. Second, the banks had extended LTCM an aggregate amount of credit that was far more than what they would provide to a developing nation of medium size. In particular, there was a problem with the mix of personal investment risk and credit risk that was taken on by the persons who were in charge of the institutions. Other notable factors were the poor information dissemination and an extremely flawed credit analysis.

Reference

Downing, J. (2000). The Professional Risk Managers’ International Association.

Comment to Xing Jia Lee

Your breakdown is very informative and factors in all of the major issues in the article. The way you categorize the issues in Long-Term Capital Management is refreshing and easy to digest.

Long term Care and Palliative Care

Long term Care and Palliative Care

Presented by

Institution

Defending the reference

“Hospice care: comforting the terminally ill” by Mayo Clinic Staff is the source I selected to discuss this topic. The source contributes a lot to the understanding of long-term care and palliative care for the sick. According to Mayo Clinic staff (2013), hospice care forms the best option for a family whose loved one is suffering a terminal illness. In addition, the source provides an in-depth explanation of qualities of a good hospice care. A hospice care is a service given to people who are critically ill and is provided by a team of qualified health care professionals. Health care professionals focus on reducing pain on a patient and giving him or her physical, social, psychological and spiritual needs.

On the other hand, the above reference fits in the category of academic peer-reviewed because it gives a better explanation of what hospice care be and where these services are provided. Moreover, it long gives the relationship between long-term care and palliative care. Some of the qualities of a good hospice care given by the author include maintenance of ethical behavior and consumer rights, high clinical excellence and safety, stewardship and accountability, and compliance with laws and regulations (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013).

A substantive reply post

Long-term care and palliative care has a significant effect on the health of a person. Patients who participate on this service, also referred to as hospice care gain favorable clinical outcomes. On the other hand, the participating health care professionals’ gains good reputation from families and friends of the ill person when they give them the necessary support needed. Moreover, some sources never focus on the health of an individual instead speaks more of the costs involved and the negative effects of receiving palliative care. The following sources have misled people and discouraged them from accessing hospice care programs.

Reference

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2013). Hospice care: Comforting the terminally ill. Retrieved from:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hospice-care/HQ00860

Long Term Care And Support System

Long Term Care And Support System

Question1

The culture of caring is highly embraced by both the African-American and the Japanese cultures considering their deep concern for the elderly people. Though the African-American culture has provisions of care for the elderly, there, however, exists a cultural lag between the culture of caring, and the material necessities required to provide the needed care. The Japanese culture, on the other hand, has long-term care and support system, enabled by their cultural values, together with the prevailing health care system. This has helped maintain the tradition of providing long-term care at home.

Culture has always played an incredible and enormous in the provision of long-term care for the elderly members of the family in various ways. As such, culture facilitates the inclusion of family members  and loved ones in caring for the older adults (Andrews & Boyle, 2008). This is in enabled by the fact that family members are participants in the informal social support networks, which are designed to nurture, and maintain the older adults, in community residences that are favorable to them. Moreover, all families are believed to posses culturally influenced patterns of responsibility aimed at taking care of the older members of the family, which varies across cultures (Andrews & Boyle, 2008). As such, in the Japanese culture, for instance, caregivers believe that caring for the older family members is a calling, hence demonstrating the influence culture has in taking care of these old family members.

Gender plays a crucial role in a given culture’s provision of care to older family members. In the African American culture, for instance, women in the family may be involved in taking care of the older family members, for example, their spouses older than them. The typical caregiver in this culture is mostly females who do not need to use formal health care services (Andrews & Boyle, 2008).

Question 2

Vignette 1

David Peterson enjoys some amount of informal support system from his caregivers, and especially from his daughter. The support includes the much-needed emotional support that Peterson requires, with regard to his current incapacitated state of affairs. In light of his his incapacitation, he further needs assistance in moving from his bed to the wheelchair and to the toilet. Other informal support system that Peterson requires includes having someone to run errands for him and accompanying him to a physician’s appointment whenever necessary (Olson & Massie, 2008). He also needs assistance in performing other activities of the day, for instance, household chores.

Peterson also requires formal services to aid his current condition, which includes the care provided while at home and away from the home. At home, he may require services, such as, a visiting nurse services to keep checking his health condition in his old age. He also needs a homemaker services, and health aid services. Away from home, Peterson requires the services provided in a physician’s office, and day care provision from a nursing facility. He may also require the services of a social worker who works as a liaison between him and those who provide him with both the informal and formal services necessary (Olson & Massie, 2008). The social worker thus acts as a formal service provider to Peterson.

With regard to this vignette, I believe that the older adult is not receiving the most optimal care for various reasons. Considering that Peterson needs assistance for any movement, even to the toilet, it, therefore, becomes mandatory that he has an ever present person to take care of his needs. This, however, is not the case considering that he lives alone and receives personal care for just a few hours in a day. His daughter, though providing him with regular informal care, is not always available, not to mention the fact that she does not have the capacity to provide the much-needed hands-on care to her father. With view of the above, I believe that Peterson requires somebody staying by his side always in order to provide him with optimal care.

References

Andrews, M. M., & Boyle, J. S. (2008). Transcultural concepts in nursing care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

 Olson, L., & Massie C. M. (2008). Handbook of Long-Term Care Administration and Policy.CRC Press.

Long term profit maximization for Bartlett Milling Co

Long term profit maximization for Bartlett Milling Co

Bartlett Milling Co is among the wheat producing companies in the USA. Bartlett Milling Co operates in a free market as there exists various whet producing companies and so the lack of monopoly. Bartlett Milling Co experiences perfect and free competition. A free market is characterized by the policy that profit maximization is increasing the difference between revenue and production cost. Suppose Bartlett Milling Co can ensure it minimizes its production cost and maximize its revenue then the company is maximizing its profits. In other words, profit maximization is achieved suppose a Bartlett Milling Co’s revenue is greater than its production cost.

In the free market structure, Bartlett Milling Co can achieve product maximization in the long run by decreasing production cost or increasing the market price of its products. However, since there is perfect competition in the USA as it is a free market, Bartlett Milling Co would lose its market share suppose it increases its prices and so this is not a better strategy. The company, Bartlett Milling Co, has to reduce its production cost. One method Bartlett Milling Co can use in reducing its production cost is through having direct access to the market where middle men are minimized. The other way of profit maximization is through increased sales and this can be achieved by increasing its product distribution and enhancing marketing both in the USA and abroad. The increased distribution will lead to increased sales. Increased marketing will ensure customers are aware of the product and the advantages customers get from the product compared to competitors. This is a long term strategy.

Literature3

Literature

Students Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

Various ideological conflicts can be derived from the development of early colonial America. Political, economic and religious idealism is much evident from the narratives, and this can be seen through the narrative of conflict, aggression, and ethnocentrism among the communities involved during the development of early colonial America. During this period there were conflicts of interest among the parties involved, and this can be seen in the narrative Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford. Here, the pilgrims are engaged in a conflict among themselves that lead to the signing of the Mayflower agreement to show their allegiance to their king and at the same time set their rules to prevent themselves from getting beyond the boundaries.

Religious ideology is the central concept that can be traced from the narratives, and it is through the idea of religion that there rose the issue of political interest to govern and control the local indigenous people in America. However, the issue of ethnocentrism arises from the colonials as they perceive their culture to be more significant than the others and this makes them despise that of the indigenous people. From the three narratives, Of Plymouth Plantation, A model of Christian Charity and From the Wonders of The Invisible World by Cotton Mather, the issue of a superior culture and religion can be seen to dominate the lesser communities.

The issue of ethnocentrism is dominant all through the narratives and through this the authors try to pass the message of the dominance of Christianity in the colonies. The local cultures and religion are ignored, and the people are forced to adopt the new religion established by the colonial masters. The authors pass the message of dislike and hate to the culture and religion of the indigenous people as they are considered of no value. The works have a common objective of promoting their own cultures and religion while on the other hand differ in the manner to which the message is passed. Honesty and truth are among the virtues of Americanness that can be derived from the narratives.

Reference

Bradford, W. (2018). Of Plymouth Plantation. Charles River Editors via PublishDrive.

Mather, C. (1862). The wonders of the invisible world: Being an account of the tryals of several witches lately executed in New-England. Smith.

Winthrop, J. (2012). 1630. A Model of Christian Charity. The Religious Freedom Page.

LITR 236 World Lit and Fine Arts II Grayson Perry Reith Lectures Extra Credit

LITR 236 World Lit and Fine Arts II Grayson Perry Reith Lectures Extra Credit Assignments

Student’s Name

Institution of Affiliation

Date

PART I: DEMOCRACY HAS BAD TASTE

1. Before you start, what are your expectations for this lecture?

a. On a scale of 1-10, what is your interest level for hearing the lecture?

My interest in listening to this lecture is 10/10.

b. What do you think the title of the lecture means?

Based on the title of the lecture, “Democracy has a bad taste” I believe that it talks about the quality of art. There is no empirical way to judge art in regard to good or bad, and what majority perceives as good art doesn’t simply translate as quality art.

2. According to Grayson Perry, how do we determine what “good” art is?  Who are the people who make the determination?

Perry defines the criteria used to define quality of art including financial value, popularity, art historical significance or aesthetic sophistication. There are four stages to the rise and success of an artist: peer approval, serious critics and collectors, dealers and finally the public. Based on the survey conducted by artists, it is evident that the audience are the determinant of what good or bad art is. Perry explains how important the approval of fellow artists is at the start and how critics will judge an artwork. Then come the collectors, who might be serious players or merely individuals keen on “glitzing up” their homes or resell for a higher profit. Art dealers take the highest credit, in that they will validate the artwork through their own reputation and will also choose where to place (or whom to sell to) the artwork. Another criterion for validation of a work of art is “museum quality”, which is judged by someone else at the top of the validation process: the curators, are “the popes of art”, and will select artworks to place in an important exhibition or institution.

 

3. Why is it that “popular” art (art that a large portion of society finds appealing) is often not considered “good art”?  

According to Perry, quality and popularity seems to be odd with each other in regard to art. He gives the example of David Honkey’s 2012 exhibition at the Royal academy. This was a popular show, but yet one of the worst shows to have ever been recorded in regard to art gallery. However, he cites a number of Russian artists in the 1990s, who ran a survey in whose results indicated that people aesthetically wanted the same thing everywhere in the world which included figures and animals on a blue background. There is not empirical formula of determining the quality of art and thus, determining quality of art by popularity might not have what it takes to have it take into museums, or meet the requirements of critics and collectors who are involved in art business. Based on this, popularity doesn’t mean quality art, as it is based on aesthetic of the art. Beauty is on the eyes of the beholder, which means that a person’s perception can be biased into deciding what is good or bad art. With no valid way to measure the quality of art, many people can be wrong, just the same way a wrong political candidate is elected into office, not because they are better, but because of popularity. Therefore, what is popular might not be of good quality, since it might have been popular due to advertisement with no critics.

4. What are some of the examples that Perry uses to explain his positions?  Does he reference anything we have studied in class that you recognize?

In explaining why beauty cannot be used to determine the quality of art, Perry gives the example of David Honkey’s 2012 exhibition at the Royal academy. This was a popular show, but yet one of the worst shows to have ever been recorded in regard to art gallery. However, he cites a number of Russian artists in the 1990s, who ran a survey in whose results indicated that people aesthetically wanted the same thing everywhere in the world which included figures and animals on a blue background. Besides, Perry claims that historically, there have been various attempts to define perfect beauty, such as the Greek’s Golden Ratio, William Hogarth’s serpentine line in painting, or the Venetian Secret thought to be used by Titian and his contemporaries. “Beauty” is usually what defines quality for a visitor at an exhibition, but Perry warns against the use of this word, which would anger contemporary followers of Duchamp, who said that “aesthetic delectation is the danger to be avoided”. 

5. What is your response to Perry’s lecture?  Does he make points that you find valuable, or that change your own attitudes towards art?  If so, explain.

Perry’s lecture has been illuminating, providing lots of lesson in determining the quality of art. Previously, I used to define art based on the aesthetic value, just like many people perceives that good or bad art is based on its appeal to the eyes of the visitor. However, this perception has changed in that I have learned that a good or bad art is determined by financial value, popularity, art historical significance or aesthetic sophistication, and not merely by its beauty.

6. Now that you have finished the lecture, how would you rate it on a scale from 1-10 (10 being the highest)?  Did you find that the lecture was easy to understand?  Why or why not?

After completing Perry’s lecture, I can rate it 10/10, and this is because it has exceeded my expectations. Perry has not only added reasons why the quality of art should not be solely be determined by its beauty, but a combination of other factors, but he has established individuals who can determine the value of an art including approval from peers, serious critics and collectors, dealers and finally the public.

PART II: BEATING THE BOUNDS

1. During this lecture Perry outlines his criteria for determining what is, and what is not, art (which he identifies with “cracks of the whip”).  What are the different criteria?  Outline each one.

One of the criteria used by Perry to define what is art include economic because there is a lot of money, almost 43 billion pounds a year and which are sloshing through the art market. Economic is therefore one of the reasons why one should call what they do art since it’s a nice incentive. Another criterion is that because a person is an artist and this qualifies their work to be deemed works of art. Since it is something, a person does, maybe they just want a good excuse to do something. Therefore, something that an individual loves doing can be considered works of art.

However, there are criteria that can be used to determine what is not art. For example, when an art becomes incredibly famous, it ceases to be an art and this includes the example of the Mona Lisa which Perry can hardly see it as an art. Another criterion to determine what an art is whether it is in a gallery or an art context. Another boundary is it a boring version of something else, if not, that art should be considered a joke and not art. Another criterion is whether it made by an artist – there is no such thing as art, only artists, and therefore, a person has to be an artist for them to make art. Another criterion is photography-problematic. In the 1990s, every second show seemed to be photography, but currently, there are endless snaps, making it to determine what is photography. According to Perry, if people are smiling in a photo, that is probably not a piece of art.

2. Do you agree with Perry’s definitions?  Go through his list, and see if there are ones you agree with, or ones you don’t.  Explain why you agree or disagree with the points he makes.

Perry has made various definitions in his lecture. One the definitions that I agree with include the definition of an art photo. According to Perry, an art photo is defined as any photo that is bigger than two meters and it is priced higher than five figures. I do agree with this definition in that famous artist such as Andreas Gursky make huge photographs, sometimes four meters by two meters, and his photographs are worth higher than five figures. For example, his ‘Rhine’ photograph has the highest price of any photograph ever, being priced at 4.5 million dollars.

3. Now that you have listened to the lecture, what have you learned?  Has the lecture changed the way that you consider works of art?  If so, how?

Listening to the lecture has made me think deeply especially what has to or not be considered as art. For example, if an art has been famous, it does not qualify to be called art. Other boundaries that can be used to determine whether it is a piece of art include whether it is in a gallery or an art context. Another boundary is it a boring version of something else, if not, that art should be considered a joke and not art. Another criterion is whether it made by an artist – there is no such thing as art, only artists, and therefore, a person has to be an artist for them to make art. Another criterion is photography-problematic. This lecture has really made me realize that you have to be an artist for you to make a work of art.