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Top Five Values

Major Banks, Jr.

Organizational Behavior

Albert J. Baker

June 12, 2006

Top Five Values

Values are described in the dictionary as standards or principals. According to Dr. Albert Baker, they are also personal, individual, emotional, arguable, and subjectable. Because of the nature of values this can lead to great debate as to which is the most important. This paper will list my five top values and how they have impacted my life, they are faith, discretion, courage, integrity and endurance.

Faith is my most important value. Faith is the foundation that my life is built on. Faith in my God has seen me through some of my most trying times in life, death of both parents, death of a nephew, and the news my son has a chronic illness. Without knowing that there is a Supreme Being who I could turn to, I do not know where I would be today. Faith is also central to my everyday life, whether it is at work, play or the advising of my twenty-one year son; faith is a very important part of my life.

Discretion is a value that was taught at a very early age in my home. My parents believed that maintaining what you saw or heard to yourself was essential to a happy life. This value served me very well when I pledged a fraternity in college, the rituals and practices of the fraternity must be kept and maintained within the organization, and this can only be accomplished through discretion. On my job this value also becomes quite useful. I have access to customer telephone records, and therefore I must exercise discretion to make sure the information is keep confidential. Discretion can best be summed up in the Las Vegas commercial, “What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas”.

Courage is the next value on my list. This value not only requires bravery in the face of danger, but also in difficult situations. Courage in my life has been demonstrated numerous times; when new equipment or procedures are implemented at work, facing the challenges of the birth of a child, and most importantly the difficulties of a new marriage. Courage for me was also evident when at the age of forty-five I decided to go back to college and finish my Bachelors of Arts. It also took great courage for me to strive to obtain my Master’s degree.

As I have grown older obedience is a value that I have come to place great emphasis on. When we are younger obedience is one of the values we tend to overlook, but as an adult I have come to understand that obedience is one my most important values. Being able to follow codes of behavior, business practices, and work instructions has allowed me to stay on my job for over twenty-seven years. Obedience is one of the values I desperately strive to pass on to my children.

The last of my top five values is Integrity. Integrity is a value that is very personal to me; this is one of the values that I have had to re-learn in my adult years. My job as a service representative requires a sales quota. In the competitive environment of today’s business, it would be very easy to add products to customers account in order to gain a competitive sales edge. Integrity in raising my children has also been very important; because they have to see you practicing what you preach for them to buy into the message.

These five values outside of faith are not listed in any particular order. Faith is my most important value, because it sets the foundation for the rest of values I live by. All are highly personal and could be debated for years.

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS

MACRO AND MICRO ECONOMICS

By (Name)

Course/Class

Instructor

University

City/State

Date of Submission

Macro and Micro Economics

Money can be defined as an asset used as a means of exchange. Money has a narrow and broad definition. Narrow definition includes checking deposits, currency in circulation, and debit card accounts while broad definition of money includes deposits of currency. Money is also a liquid asset used to pay for goods and services or used to settle down debts. According to Murphy, (2009, 102-3), assets can be grouped into liquid assets and illiquid assets. Assets such as checking deposits, currency in circulation, savings deposits, debit card accounts, and time deposits are more liquid than assets such as loans, bonds, real estate, stocks, and other assets. The circulation of money in the economy is controlled by the central bank. In the United States, the central bank is a Federal Reserve System charged with the responsibility of regulating the circulation of money in the economy. The central bank influences the amount of debit card accounts, checking deposits, and other monetary assets.

Monetary demand refers to the amount of monetary deposits that individuals are willing to hold instead of non-liquid assets (Murphy, 2009, 78-9). Demand for money is the desire to hold financial assets in monetary forms; in the form of cash or monetary deposits. Money is required for purposes of carrying out transactions (provides liquidity). This brings about a trade-off between the advantage of holding money (liquidity advantage) and the advantage of holding other assets (interest advantage). The demand for money comes about because of such kind of trade-off with regards to where an individual chooses to place his wealth. An individual’s motivation to hold his wealth in monetary form can be divided into asset motive and transaction motive.

There are several factors that influence people’s demand for money. This aspect can be considered in terms of aggregate demand for money and individual demand for money. The first factor that influences individual demand for money is interest rates or the expected rate of return on money. The next factor is the risk involved in holding money arising from unexpected inflation; thereby reducing the purchasing power of money (Cesaran, 2007, 89). The last factor that influences individual demand for money is the aspect of liquidity, which occurs when transaction prices increases. On the other hand, the factors that influence the aggregate money demand include interest rates or rates of return associated with holding monetary assets. The next factor in this aspect is the price, which involves the cost involved in purchasing of goods and services. Such prices will dictate people’s willingness to hold or not hold money. Higher prices would mean a greater need to hold more money for transaction purposes. The last factor in this aspect is income. High income means that more goods and services can be purchased; thereby implying that more money is required for transaction purposes. Higher real national income implies that there is more production of goods and services, thereby increasing the demand for money for transaction purposes. The other factor influencing the demand for money is the aspect of consumer spending. It is often observed that when consumer spending is high; such as during Christmas, individuals prefer to cash in other forms of their wealth like bonds and stocks in exchange for cash. They need money to buy goods and services. This implies that if consumer spending increases, there would be a likely increase in the money demand. The other factor is the transaction costs for bonds and stocks. If it becomes expensive or difficult to buy and quickly sell bonds and stock, they become undesirable thus making people to desire to hold more of the wealth in form of money (Cesarano, 2007, 78-9). This leads to increase in the demand for money.

The equations representing aggregate demand for money can be represented as:

Md= P x L (R, Y)

Where:

P-Price level

Y-Real national income

R-Interest rates for non-monetary assets

L (R, Y) – Aggregate demand for monetary assets

Alternatively:

Md/P=L(R, Y)

Aggregate demand for money is a function of interest rates and national income

Graph showing the relationship between interest rate and the aggregate demand for money

From the diagram above, it is observed that there is an inverse relationship between the aggregate real money demand and the interest rates. At lower interest rates, there is high demand for monetary assets since individuals would demand more money for transaction purposes. On the other hand, at high interest rates, few individuals would be willing to hold money for transaction purposes thereby lowering the aggregate real demand for money.

Graph showing the effect on the aggregate demand schedule of an increase in real income

From the graph above, it can be observed that increase in income levels would result into a shift in the aggregate demand for money from point L (R, Y1) to point L (R, Y2). This is because increase in the levels of income for individuals will increase their purchasing power, thereby leading to increase in the aggregate real demand. On the other hand, increase in income levels would also lead to increased interest rates (Kaushik, 1987, 78-9). This results in the positive shift of the graph as shown in the diagram.

References

Cesarano, F., 2007. Monetary theory and Bretton Woods: The construction of an international monetary order. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kaushik, S. K., 1987. International banking and world economic growth: The outlook for the late 1980s. New York [u.a.: Praeger.

Murphy, A. E., 2009. The genesis of macroeconomics: New ideas from Sir William Petty to Henry Thornton. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

macroeconomic-theory

Macroeconomic Theory

Name

Institution

Course

Q1a

When the interest parity condition holds and the domestic interest rate is greater than the foreign interest rate then the domestic currency is expected to decrease in value alongside the foreign currency thus a high inflation is expected in the country.

Q 1b

If the nominal interest rate is 2% in the United States and 5% in Canada one is expected to hold the United States bonds than the Canadian bonds since the high interest rate in Canada indicates expected inflation rate in the country to be high. Thus the Canadian dollars is expected to decrease in value against the United States dollar by 3% in regard to international Fisher effect.

E(e) = i$US -i $C

2% – 5% = -3%

Qc i

The market conditions may be summarized as follows:

I $= 5%, I UK pounds= 2%, S =$1.68per US pound, F= $1.55 per US pounds.

If $100 million is invested in United States, maturity value in one year will be

$100 M ( 1+0.05) = $ 105 million or

$100M may be converted to the UK pounds and be invested at the UK interest rate, with pounds maturity value sold forwarded.

($100 M *1.68)(1+.02)(1/1.55) = $109.8 M

This clearly indicates that it’s better to invest $100M in the UK.

Q C ii

Because the rate of inflation is high in the U.S, we can apply the buying power parity to estimate the exchange rate in pounds today.

E (e) = E pounds$ – E$

= 2% – 5% = – 3%

E(St) = So(1 + E(e))

= ( $1.68 per pound) (1+0.03)

= $1.68504

= $1.69 per pound.

Q2 a

Effect of reduction in taxes on output, exports, imports and net exports

A reduction in lump sum taxes may improve the economy through increased output, exports and net exports. The IS curve shifts to the right from IS to IS2. The LM curve also shifts to the right from point LM to LM1. This is illustrated in the graph below.

118554517081500203204064000

18186402597150090424015938500472440159385003816351841500IISIS2LM

106489519812000LM1

7048530543500

Y

Q2b

704857105650047244089217500 When there is a reduction in the foreign trade by one unit, but the domestic government increases spending by one unit. The will be a reduction in the domestic output, exports, net exports and imports. This is due to the changes in foreign exchange rates that affect also the domestic market. The effect tend to shift the IS curve to the left Ss1 toS2 and equilibrium point moves from E0 toE1.

7931158001000 LM

21082021971000S1

69342027940000E0

-40005107188000S2E1

Q2143700512128500783590281940007048512128500pADAS

111506099695001905002400300030746709969500

1326515-254000-7048522860000

P

2032025590500237109025590500

204978029464000P2

13265152159000

AD0

-19050073723500

Full employment curve

As the aggregate demand (AD) curve moves in, expansionary monetary policy may be implemented for AD to shifts back to starting point, output is now restored.

Q2d

The rise in government expenditure results in the curve of IS to shift to the right and an economy moves from point A to B. at this point there is a deficit in balance of payments leading to depreciation in the exchange rate. Net Exports rises as the relative rate of domestic products on global market has reduced.

1868805-203200091440026098500501655016500ISIS1

160782022606000

I

ABBOP5016527368500

50165317500Q3aY

When the domestic interest rates remain constant at 4% while the foreign interest rate increase to 6% the expected exchange rate for the domestic currency will appreciate against the foreign currency because inflation rate in the foreign market is high. The interest parity may be restored when domestic market sells its foreign reserves in order to move to 4% exchange rate or equilibrium.

Q31557655635000008064570548500bAn increase Government spending will shifts the curve of IS to the right IS- IS1. The shift leads to an increase in rate of interest. A rise in government expenditure forces the fiscal policy to provide the market with local exchange to uphold the rate of exchange constant.

49212516065500501656032500IISIS1LM

26727152997200010045701841500133667524955500 LM1

247205522860000

5016524511000IWFE

-34163057340500

Y

Q3 c

An expansionary monetary authority will move the LM curve to LM1 thus making the equilibrium to shift from point E to E1. And because the trade rates are flexible, the deficit in balance of payments will devalue the domestic money. This will results to rise in the net exports moving the IS curv

1296035773430001606551216025004000569342000IS1LMLM1IS

2582545414655001125220193167000272288012319000152717541465500-1016012319000110490149542500

-6032545085000IE1Y

Q3d

In order to maintain the pegged exchange rate when foreign interest falls. The fiscal policy makers must purchase the foreign assets through home currency. And these increase the supply of domestic money that shifts economy to its final equilibrium. There will be enhanced output through buying of domestic assets and low exports.

Q3e

The effect of increased consumer confidence in domestic economy in a fixed exchange rate. There will be increased government spending, increase in aggregate demand resulting to shift of DD1 to DD2 while the original appreciation falls from E1 to E2. The central bank is forced to acquire foreign assets by home currency. This moves the economy to equilibrium E3 at a higher output.

Q4a

A country which is in a fixed exchange rate such as China might be expected to depreciate its currency due to the following factors: the government has to invest a lot of resources in order to get foreign reserves to grow up so as to defend the fixed exchange rate. And also there is monetary ineffective as the only option in the independent fiscal policy is the exchange controls that avert traders from selling or buying domestic currency. But these exchange controls decrease trade and direct investment in foreign and encourages essence of corruption.

Q4b

The actions that policy makers may choose in response to expected currency devaluations. They can opt to reduce exchange rate and sell foreign reserves. The government can also purchase domestic assets. Taxes should be reduced to raise aggregate demand to increase appreciation in the currency.

Q4C

When the economy is operating below the natural level of output. The labor supply falls with unemployment going back to its normal rate. This only results in reduced output and the only option are to increase inflation in order reduces unemployment. Devaluation of currency will rise the inflation further other creating of employment. An increase in aggregate demand only causes to rise.

Q 4d

An economy that is operating above the natural level of output in a fixed exchange rate regime can adjust to this situation through a decrease in the domestic currency to enhance a rise in output as net export increase.

Macroeconomics Questions

Macroeconomics Questions

Question 1

Over the past two decades, the United States has persistently had a trade deficit.

Question 2

In an open- economy macroeconomic model, the market for loanable funds identity can be written as, S=I+NCO

Question 3

In reference to the figure, which of the following shifts show the effects of an import quota?

None of the above is correct.

Question 4

In reference to the figure, if the interest rates were initially at r2 and import quota was imposed, the interest rate would decrease because demand would shift to the left.

Question 5

In reference to the figure, if the economy were initially in equilibrium at r2 and the government removed import quotas, the exchange rate would appreciate to E4.

Question 6

Suppose that U.S citizens start saving more. What does this imply about the supply of loanable funds and the equilibrium real interest rate? What happens to the real exchange rate?

This would imply an increase in the supply of loanable funds since loanable funds consist of bank loans and household savings. This would also imply a fall in interest rates due to excess supply of loanable funds. The real exchange rate will decline since lower interest rates will attract investors from abroad thereby increasing net capital outflow. This in turn causes the supply of the US dollar to rise.

Question 7

Aggregate demand shifts to the left if the money supply decreases

False

Question 8

Which of the following adjusts to bring aggregate supply and demand into balance?

The price level and real output

Question 9

Other things the same, the aggregate quantity of goods demanded decreases if

All of the above are correct

Question 10

State at least four variables besides real GDP that tend to decline during recessions? Give the definition of real GDP, argue that decline in these variables are to be expected.

Employment

Investment spending

Household income

Inflation

GDP is the money value of all goods and services that are produced within the borders of a country within a specific period of time. It comprises all public and private consumption, investments, government outlays, and exports less exports within a defined territory.

Question 11

Make a list of at least 5 things that would shift the aggregate demand curve to the right.

Increase in consumption spending.

Increased investment.

Increased government spending.

Net exports.

Aggregate expenditure.

Question 12

In reference to the figure, an increase in the money supply would move the economy from C to B in the short run and A in the long run.

Question 13

In reference to the figure, if the economy is at A and there is a fall in aggregate demand in the short run, the economy moves to D

Question 14

During recessions which type of spending falls?

Consumption and investment

Question 15

According to the theory of liquidity preference, the money supply and money demand are positively related to the interest rate.

Question 16

The multiplier is computed as MPC/ (1-MPC)

False. The multiplier is given by 1/ (1-MPC)

Question 17

In the figure, which of the following sequences shows the logic of the interest rate effect?

1,2,3,4

Question 18

Other things the same, which of the following responses would we expect from a decrease in U.S interest rates?

People chose to hold more currency

Question 19

What is the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy?

Monetary policy relates to lowering and raising interest rates by the central bank to maintain the economy at equilibrium while fiscal policy relates to tax and spending policies of the government.

Question 20

Suppose there is no crowding out effects and the MPC is 9. By how much must the government increase expenditures to shift the aggregate demand curve to the right by $10 billion?

Question 21

When the Fed increases the money supply, the interest rate decreases. This decrease in the interest rate increases consumption and investment demand so the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. (True or False).

True

Question 22

The misery index is calculated as the inflation rate plus the unemployment rate

Question 23

In the long run, there is a tradeoff between the inflation rate and the natural rate of unemployment.

Question 24

In the short run, policy that changes aggregate demand changes both unemployment and the price level

Question 25

In reference to the figure, if the economy starts at c (left graph) and 1 (right graph), then in the short run, an increase in government expenditures moves the economy to b and 3

Question 26

In reference to the figure, if the economy starts at c (left graph) and 1 (right graph), then in the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand moves the economy to d and 3

Question 27

If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run. (True or False).

True

Question 28

Suppose that the Fed unexpectedly pursues contractionary monetary policy. What will happen to unemployment in the short run? What will happen to unemployment in the long run?

Contractionary monetary policy has an effect of causing more unemployment in the short run since employers will realize that wages have risen and thereby cut back on the demand of labor. In the long run monetary policy can only affect the rate of inflation but not the rate of unemployment.

Question 29

President George W. Bush and the congress cut taxes and raised government expenditures in 2003. According to the aggregate supply and aggregate demand model only the increase in government expenditures would tend to increase output.

Question 30

If the unemployment rate rises, which policies would be appropriate to reduce it?

Increase money supply, cut taxes

Question 31

Explain the in arguments in favor of economic stabilization

Economic stabilization is very important in the economy since it eliminates excessive fluctuations in the economy. A stable economy is one that has constant output growth and low inflation. An economy that is not stabilized is characterized by frequent recessions, financial crisis, and high levels of inflations. A stable economy makes essentials like shelter and food affordable and available to the citizens.

Question 32

Which of the programs below would transfer wealth from the young to the old?

Taxes are raised to provide more generous social security benefits

Question 33

Some countries have had high inflation for a long time. Which of the following at least in theory could explain why some countries would continue to have high inflation?

High inflation countries have relatively small sacrifice ratios and so see no need to reduce inflation.

Question 34

A consumption tax is a tax strictly on spending, while an income is a tax on salary paid for work.

It is advisable to replace income tax with consumption because when a tax on income is reduced, it gives people more disposable income. This increases their level of expenditure and at the same time promoting investment, which would promote economic growth. A tax cut on consumption only reduces the prices of commodities but do not give the citizens the ability to get money to buy the commodities.

Madame Tussaud Novel and In Memoriam Poem

Madame Tussaud Novel and In Memoriam Poem

By

Name:

Course:

College:

Presented To:

Date:

Introduction

In Memoriam is a series of poems composed by Alfred Lord Tennyson over a period of seventeen years (1833-1849). The poems describe emotional experiences of the narrator after the death of his close friend, Arthur Hallam. They describe Tennyson’s grief over the death of Hallam and the impact that the grief has on his life (Hass, Jasper & Jay, 2007). Tennyson expresses his emotional experiences in various stages of grief, his perceptions and responses to various issues and his strategies to overcome the grief. The key elements that are explicit in the series of poems are Tennyson’s grief over Hallam’s death, his battle with religious doubts and his philosophical view of nature (Williams, 2012). The series of poems has 133 cantos (stanzas). In Memoriam has influenced numerous writers for over one and half decade. Among the recent writings influenced by the poem is Madame Tussaud: A novel of the french revolution by Michelle Moran that was released in 2011. This examines features that are common in both the poem and the novel.

Discussion

Although Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam focus on different issues, the writer of Madame Tussaud could have borrowed some ideas from In Memoriam. Clearly, both In Memoriam and Madame Tussaud are based on autobiography stories that are less fictional. In In Memoriam, Tennyson records an autobiography process about his own experiences after the death of his Hallam. Tennyson was influenced by a real issue that had occurred before. Hallam, one of Tennyson’s best friends died suddenly in 1833 while travelling through Europe. The experience of Tennyson after the death of Hallam formed the basis for the work. In the beginning, Tennyson shows how he is suffering from grief after learning about the death of Hallam. He finds it hard to accept that Hallam is dead (Tennyson, 2006). After realizing that the grief has a great negative effect on his life, he decides to downplay the experience by relating it to the negative experiences that other people go through every day. He also dismisses the negative experience as normal. However, he finds that he is still experiencing stress. He decides to seek resolution in Christianity. He tries to find answer to his problem from the bible, in the New Testament (Tennyson, 2006).

However, he does not get a definite answer. As a result, he starts doubting Christianity. He wonders how God can let mankind suffer, yet He is said to be good and powerful. He wonders about the purpose of life and finds nature to have a wasteful appearance (Tennyson, 2006). As a result, he becomes quite distressed and sad. He starts to view things from a philosophical point of view. Eventually, he decides to stick to the Christian faith and believes in the idea of eternal life after death. He believes that he will meet with Hallam after his own death. He accepts the situation and decides not to isolate himself from other people. He eventually marries and starts focusing on developing his own life. Generally, In Memoriam reflects Tennyson’s real traumatic experience after the death of Hallam (Tennyson, 2006).

Similarly, Madame Tussaud presents an autobiography that is based on a real story of Marie Tussaud. The year is 1788 and a French revolution is about to start. Marie Tussaud, a young and ambitious young, has been working with her uncle in a wax medium called Salon de Cire and has just learnt how to use wax to make sculptors. She uses her skills to create sculptures that communicate current issues to Parisians (Moran, 2011). She communicates latest issues on politics, gossip and fashion. Her work attracts different segments of the Parisian population but she aims to attract the attention of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. She believes that the approval of the two can help to catapult the museum and her work to fame and riches. As she waits to achieve her dreams, she learns that the loyal family is planning to visit the museum. After they arrive, they are highly impressed by her work. The king’s sister invites her to Versailles to teach Princess Élisabeth about wax sculpting. In response to the request, she changes her plans to visit her friend, Henri Charles, and her beloved salon (Moran, 2011). As she gets to know Princesse Élisabeth, she is also introduced to the king and queen. She finds the life there to be quite different from her life back home. She finds that the royal family and their friends are living a lavish life whereas people back home at Boulevard du Temple are suffering from poverty to the extent that they are selling their teeth to get money for food.

Meanwhile, a lot of people resent the huge gap existing between the poor and the rich. In cafes and salons, people like Maximilien Robespierre, Jean-Paul Marat and Camille Desmoulins are influencing people to lash out against the monarchy (Moran, 2011). As the talk against the monarchy increases, people start planning a revolution. People start being executed by guillotine on ridiculous charges. Marie is put on the list of traitors due to her relationship with the loyal family. She is among those who are going to be sentenced to death but the revolutionaries allow her to live on the condition that she uses her skills to make death masks of leaders who have been beheaded (Moran, 2011)

Secondly, Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam describe emotional experiences. In Memoriam describes Tennyson’s emotional experiences during the grieving period whereas Madame Tussaud describes emotional experience of Marie Tussaud during a turbulent period. Tennyson experiences great shock after the death of Hallam which later translates into deep stress. He is extremely obsessed to the death of Hallam to the extent that he feels that life has lost meaning to him. It makes him sad to realize that he will not see Haram again. At some point, he even visits the house where Haram was living. In Canto 7, he says “Behold me, for I cannot sleep, and like a guilty thing I creep at earliest morning to the door” (Tennyson, 2006). He is so obsessed to the extent that he feels like he has become insane. In Canto 16, he says “Or has the shock, so harshly given, confused me like the unhappy bark that strikes by night a craggy shelf, and staggers blindly ere she sinks? And stunned me from my power to think and all my knowledge of myself” (Block et al., 2007). Generally, In Memoriam portrays the emotional experiences that people go through after losing their loved ones through death. The grieving process takes several phases. Initially, people try to overcome the shock and stress through self-preservation strategies. When self-preservation strategies fail to give positive results, people try alternative ways of reducing the stress. If the alternative solutions do not work, an individual may become very distressed. Eventually, the distress ends when an individual accepts the reality and establishes strategies to move on with life.

Madame Tussaud, on the other hand, tries to portray how people may go through distressful emotional experiences during periods of political crises. Marie Tussaud finds herself in a situation where she has to balance between friendship with the royal family and love for her life. Being put in the list of traitors can cause an individual to have deep emotional stress. The experience can be much worse when one knows that he/she is going to be sentenced to death. Although Marie is not sentenced to death, she obviously experiences further emotional torture when she is held in prison and forced to make death masks from severed heads of beheaded leaders.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam have two common features, despite the fact that they present entirely different and unrelated stories. As explained in the essay, both present autobiographies of the characters based on real events that had occurred. While In Memoriam is based on real experience of Tennyson after the death of Hallam, Madame Tussaud presents a real story of experiences of Marie Tussaud in Paris, France. Secondly, both of them portray emotional experiences of the key characters. Madame Tussaud portrays the emotional distress experienced by Marie Tussaud during the political crisis in France while In Memoriam portrays the emotional distress that Tennyson goes through as he mourns the death of Hallam. Generally, both the novel and the poem are quite interesting.

References

Block, S. D. et al. (2007). An Empirical Examination of the Stage Theory of Grief. JAMA.

297(7)716-723.

Hass, A., Jasper, D. & Jay, E (2007). The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology.

Oxford University Press

Moran, M. (2011). Madame Tussaud. London: Quercus

Tennyson, A (2006). “In Memoriam A.H.H.” Norton Anthology of English Literature Vol.

II  (eighth ed.). Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: Norton

Williams, T. O. A (2012). Therapeutic Approach to Teaching Poetry. London: Palgrave

Macmillan

Madrid And Its Sights

Madrid And Its Sights Madrid is the capita city of Spain with a population of roughly 3.3 million. Madrid is the third largest city in Europe that is after London and Berlin. Its location is on the Manzanares River that is on the centre of the country and community of Madrid that encompasses the city of Madrid, its conurbation as well as its extended suburbs and villages. The community is bordered by Castile and Leon and castile-La Mancha which are autonomous communities.

Madrid is a city with wonderful places, buildings and monuments that are breath taking among this are; Prado museum which is the world’s biggest art gallery with over 7,600 paintings but only exhibits one part of this paintings due to lack of space however a recent addition was made to the museum saw an increase of the space by 50% which now allows more paintings to be displayed. Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza is a museum that permanently has Thyssen collection which is one of the biggest in Europe. The highlight at this museum is a collection of impressionist as well as post-impressionist works. Palacio Real in Madrid is also known as Palacio de Oriente whose location is the centre of Madrid which is used for ceremonial purposes by kings. Plaza Mayor is among Spain’s most beautiful plaza and the most important places for visitors who go to Madrid it has a very uniform architecture and that is why the place is very beautiful. El Retiro Park is found in the centre of Madrid and it very big and it was declared a garden of Historic-Artistic Importance, the park has a large artificial lake that is used for sailing and rowing by those who go to visit the park. Fountain of Apollo found in the middle of Pase del Prado is not well known since it is hidden, Apollo was a god of art and medicine and this sculpture shows him holding a lyre on his left hand as well as having a cloak around him. This fountain has allegorical figure decorations of four seasons also has three shells as decorations. The church of Santa Barbara is also known as Salesas Reales and is located at Calle de Barbara de Braganza and is among the beautiful churches in Madrid .the Royal Palace of El Pardo is just about 14Kms from Madrid and is quite easy to get to. Its setting is in a wooded area known as El Monte de El Pardo an area that has trees and is also a hunting reserve (TripAdvisor LLC, 2013).

Apart from sights there are also some things to do that visitors can do when in Madrid this include taking an open-topped bus tour around Madrid as well as they see sights and monuments that enable one to choose which one they will visit later; taking a ride on Madrid’s cable car which gives visitors a wonderful panomaroic view of the best sights and attractions; watching bullfights that are staged in Madrid ;watching real Madrid play which is one of the best football teams in the world; watching Flamenco since Madrid stages some of the best flamenco dances in the world; walking in the park as one enjoys open spaces, rose-garden, boating lake as well as street theater at the Retiro park. This are just a few attraction sights in Madrid however there are many more museums, churches and parks that are still found in Madrid and one should ensure that they visit whenever they make a trip in Madrid (TripAdvisor LLC ,2013).

Madrid is also home for the Hispania’s who over the past few decades have raised tremendously. Hispanic denotes a relationship to Spain or to ancient Hispania that is comprised of the Lberian peninsula which includes modern states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra. Today the Hispania’s are linked with having historical as well as cultural relationship with Spain and Portugal or basically Spain alone. The term Hispanic is is broadly used when referring to people, cultures well as nations that have a historical link with Spain. The Hispanic people are a vibrant people who also love fun as well as like to socialize. They are deeply involved in family culture and tradition. The Hispanic culture is made up of a set of traditions, customs, beliefs as well as art forms including music, dress, architecture, cuisine, literature and others which are shared by Hispanics (Rank, 2012).the Hispanic culture include family bonding; Hispanic families have a culture of living together in closely knit groups which not only contains grandfathers and grandchildren but also includes all the descendants and generations that are alive. In the families the father is as the chief of the family whereas the mother is just a housewife. Adults and people who are working in the family value work and so they help other family members when need arises. During vacations there are travelling family members to relatives’ places and homes which acts as a strengthening factor to the family ties. All acquaintances and relatives are given a lot of respect and care.

When it comes to their mannerisms the Hispanics are quite formal with firm handshakes being a practice that is common among them. When it comes to close acquaintances, family members as well as friends light kisses on the cheek as well as hugs are greetings that are common. Incase the Hispania’s are addressing people in an informal manner they are loud, fast and they greatly use body language so that they can effectively convey their points. Religion is a very significant factor and plays a big role in the day to day life of the Hispanics. Over 90% of the population is Roman Catholic. Churches and spiritual activities have a great influence on the activities of the families; families are seen coming together to pray and attend sermons. Every community has a saint’s day that is celebrated with a lot of vigor and enthusiasm (Buzzle.com, 2013)

In reference to their dietary habits the Hispanics have a three day meal system. In general lunches and dinners are eaten with all family members present. Anyone who is not home when lunch is taken is supposed to return from where they are so that they can they can have lunch with all the other family members for instance students are expected to return from school and working individuals return from work.teh Hispanic foods have different characteristics but the most distinctive feature is that they are spicy an example of this dishes are Tortillas which are flat bread that are made of flour, Cevinche which is a dish of raw fish that is laminated in lime juice and in chopped salad and poc Chic which is pork fillet that is cooked with tomatoes, onions and a lot of spices (Kidzworld ,2013).

There are various festivals that are associated with the Hispanics; they often celebrate the international festivals with a lot of pomp. The most commonly celebrated festivals include Christmas Eve, New Year’s Day and the three king’s day local festivals are referred to as las fiestas while national holidays are referred to as fiesta nacional and many of the festivals are often declared by the government. Among the holidays that the Hispanics celebrate are Cinco de Mayo which is a day of celebration of Mexicans victory over French; Puerto Rican Emancipation day is celebration of when slaves were set free.

The vibrant culture is also made up dance and music, the Hispanics love getting together, dancing as well as celebrating. Among the traditions and culture of the Hispanics during the festivals include A Pinata is a container that is filled with candy and toys that is suspended in air that will be broken by children who are blindfolded and they form part of Christmas celebrations.

There are various Hispanic arts that include basket weaving, Earthenware which include terra cotta and sculpture. In general it can be concluded that the Hispanic culture is a very rich one.

References

TripAdvisor LLC. (2013). Madrid: Best Sights of Madrid. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187514-c108077/Madrid:Spain:Best.Sights.Of.Madrid.htmlBuzzle.com. (2013). Hispanic Culture Facts. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/hispanic-culture-facts.htmlKidzworld. (2013). Hispanic Culture and Heritage .retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.kidzworld.com/article/5032-hispanic-culture-and-heritageRank, J. (2012). Countries and their cultures. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html

Madame Tussaud Novel and In Memoriam Poem

Madame Tussaud Novel and In Memoriam Poem

By

Name:

Course:

College:

Presented To:

Date:

Introduction

In Memoriam is a series of poems composed by Alfred Lord Tennyson over a period of seventeen years (1833-1849). The poems describe emotional experiences of the narrator after the death of his close friend, Arthur Hallam. They describe Tennyson’s grief over the death of Hallam and the impact that the grief has on his life (Hass, Jasper & Jay, 2007). Tennyson expresses his emotional experiences in various stages of grief, his perceptions and responses to various issues and his strategies to overcome the grief. The key elements that are explicit in the series of poems are Tennyson’s grief over Hallam’s death, his battle with religious doubts and his philosophical view of nature (Williams, 2012). The series of poems has 133 cantos (stanzas). In Memoriam has influenced numerous writers for over one and half decade. Among the recent writings influenced by the poem is Madame Tussaud: A novel of the french revolution by Michelle Moran that was released in 2011. This examines features that are common in both the poem and the novel.

Discussion

Although Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam focus on different issues, the writer of Madame Tussaud could have borrowed some ideas from In Memoriam. Clearly, both In Memoriam and Madame Tussaud are based on autobiography stories that are less fictional. In In Memoriam, Tennyson records an autobiography process about his own experiences after the death of his Hallam. Tennyson was influenced by a real issue that had occurred before. Hallam, one of Tennyson’s best friends died suddenly in 1833 while travelling through Europe. The experience of Tennyson after the death of Hallam formed the basis for the work. In the beginning, Tennyson shows how he is suffering from grief after learning about the death of Hallam. He finds it hard to accept that Hallam is dead (Tennyson, 2006). After realizing that the grief has a great negative effect on his life, he decides to downplay the experience by relating it to the negative experiences that other people go through every day. He also dismisses the negative experience as normal. However, he finds that he is still experiencing stress. He decides to seek resolution in Christianity. He tries to find answer to his problem from the bible, in the New Testament (Tennyson, 2006).

However, he does not get a definite answer. As a result, he starts doubting Christianity. He wonders how God can let mankind suffer, yet He is said to be good and powerful. He wonders about the purpose of life and finds nature to have a wasteful appearance (Tennyson, 2006). As a result, he becomes quite distressed and sad. He starts to view things from a philosophical point of view. Eventually, he decides to stick to the Christian faith and believes in the idea of eternal life after death. He believes that he will meet with Hallam after his own death. He accepts the situation and decides not to isolate himself from other people. He eventually marries and starts focusing on developing his own life. Generally, In Memoriam reflects Tennyson’s real traumatic experience after the death of Hallam (Tennyson, 2006).

Similarly, Madame Tussaud presents an autobiography that is based on a real story of Marie Tussaud. The year is 1788 and a French revolution is about to start. Marie Tussaud, a young and ambitious young, has been working with her uncle in a wax medium called Salon de Cire and has just learnt how to use wax to make sculptors. She uses her skills to create sculptures that communicate current issues to Parisians (Moran, 2011). She communicates latest issues on politics, gossip and fashion. Her work attracts different segments of the Parisian population but she aims to attract the attention of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. She believes that the approval of the two can help to catapult the museum and her work to fame and riches. As she waits to achieve her dreams, she learns that the loyal family is planning to visit the museum. After they arrive, they are highly impressed by her work. The king’s sister invites her to Versailles to teach Princess Élisabeth about wax sculpting. In response to the request, she changes her plans to visit her friend, Henri Charles, and her beloved salon (Moran, 2011). As she gets to know Princesse Élisabeth, she is also introduced to the king and queen. She finds the life there to be quite different from her life back home. She finds that the royal family and their friends are living a lavish life whereas people back home at Boulevard du Temple are suffering from poverty to the extent that they are selling their teeth to get money for food.

Meanwhile, a lot of people resent the huge gap existing between the poor and the rich. In cafes and salons, people like Maximilien Robespierre, Jean-Paul Marat and Camille Desmoulins are influencing people to lash out against the monarchy (Moran, 2011). As the talk against the monarchy increases, people start planning a revolution. People start being executed by guillotine on ridiculous charges. Marie is put on the list of traitors due to her relationship with the loyal family. She is among those who are going to be sentenced to death but the revolutionaries allow her to live on the condition that she uses her skills to make death masks of leaders who have been beheaded (Moran, 2011)

Secondly, Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam describe emotional experiences. In Memoriam describes Tennyson’s emotional experiences during the grieving period whereas Madame Tussaud describes emotional experience of Marie Tussaud during a turbulent period. Tennyson experiences great shock after the death of Hallam which later translates into deep stress. He is extremely obsessed to the death of Hallam to the extent that he feels that life has lost meaning to him. It makes him sad to realize that he will not see Haram again. At some point, he even visits the house where Haram was living. In Canto 7, he says “Behold me, for I cannot sleep, and like a guilty thing I creep at earliest morning to the door” (Tennyson, 2006). He is so obsessed to the extent that he feels like he has become insane. In Canto 16, he says “Or has the shock, so harshly given, confused me like the unhappy bark that strikes by night a craggy shelf, and staggers blindly ere she sinks? And stunned me from my power to think and all my knowledge of myself” (Block et al., 2007). Generally, In Memoriam portrays the emotional experiences that people go through after losing their loved ones through death. The grieving process takes several phases. Initially, people try to overcome the shock and stress through self-preservation strategies. When self-preservation strategies fail to give positive results, people try alternative ways of reducing the stress. If the alternative solutions do not work, an individual may become very distressed. Eventually, the distress ends when an individual accepts the reality and establishes strategies to move on with life.

Madame Tussaud, on the other hand, tries to portray how people may go through distressful emotional experiences during periods of political crises. Marie Tussaud finds herself in a situation where she has to balance between friendship with the royal family and love for her life. Being put in the list of traitors can cause an individual to have deep emotional stress. The experience can be much worse when one knows that he/she is going to be sentenced to death. Although Marie is not sentenced to death, she obviously experiences further emotional torture when she is held in prison and forced to make death masks from severed heads of beheaded leaders.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Madame Tussaud and In Memoriam have two common features, despite the fact that they present entirely different and unrelated stories. As explained in the essay, both present autobiographies of the characters based on real events that had occurred. While In Memoriam is based on real experience of Tennyson after the death of Hallam, Madame Tussaud presents a real story of experiences of Marie Tussaud in Paris, France. Secondly, both of them portray emotional experiences of the key characters. Madame Tussaud portrays the emotional distress experienced by Marie Tussaud during the political crisis in France while In Memoriam portrays the emotional distress that Tennyson goes through as he mourns the death of Hallam. Generally, both the novel and the poem are quite interesting.

References

Block, S. D. et al. (2007). An Empirical Examination of the Stage Theory of Grief. JAMA.

297(7)716-723.

Hass, A., Jasper, D. & Jay, E (2007). The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology.

Oxford University Press

Moran, M. (2011). Madame Tussaud. London: Quercus

Tennyson, A (2006). “In Memoriam A.H.H.” Norton Anthology of English Literature Vol.

II  (eighth ed.). Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: Norton

Williams, T. O. A (2012). Therapeutic Approach to Teaching Poetry. London: Palgrave

Macmillan

Madeleine Leininger In Nursing Theory

Madeleine Leininger In Nursing Theory

Nursing is a professional discipline and involves various theories that were conceptualized by theorists. Nursing theory comprises of a set of concepts relationships, definitions and assumptions or propositions that are got from nursing models or other disciplines .the theory projects a systematic and purposive view of phenomena through designing particular interrelationships among these concepts purposely for describing, explaining or prescribing. Madeleine Leininger contributed to the nursing theories by coming up with the Transcultural nursing, culture-care theory.

Madeleine Leininger states that the essence of nursing is care which is also its dominant, unifying and distinctive feature. She states that there can never be cure without some for of care being shown but there can be care without curing. She put emphasis on the fact that human caring is universal but it varies among different cultures by how it is expressed, processes involved and the patterns (Current nursing ,2013).

The core purpose of this theory is discovering and explaining factors involved in diverse and universal care that is culturally based that influence wellbeing-, health, illness or death among groups or individuals.

The goal of the theory is provision of care that is culturally congruent which would contribute to the health and well-being of individuals or assist them face death or disabilities through three nodes of nursing care.

Transcultural nursing involves the studying of cultures in order to understand the differences and similarities that exist among groups of patients.in the transcultural nursing the nurses practice is based on the cultural considerations of the patient.it should start with culturalogical assessment that looks at the cultural background of a patient when assessing their health. Once this assessment is complete the information should be sued to come up with a nursing care plan that additionally takes into consideration the cultural background of the patient (Current nursing, 2013).

The cultural knowledge of a patient is beneficial to the nurse in various ways. First it assists the nurse to be aware of the ways through which the culture of the patient provides resources in situations of illness, suffering and death.it helps the nurses become understanding and respectful when it comes to diversity that exists within the workload of a nurse and patient.it assist in strengthening the commitment a nurse has towards nursing on the basis of the nurse –patient relationships and put an emphasis on the entire person instead of viewing them as a set of illnesses or symptoms.

In the transcultural theory nurses are supposed to understand the role culture plays when it comes to the health of the patient. Cultural background not only influences a patient’s health but it also gives the patient remedies that that impact their health.

Madeleine Leininger came up with there nursing decisions and actions that lead to a culturally friendly care to a patient. These are cultural maintenance or preservation, cultural care negotiation or accommodation and cultural care restructuring or repatterning (Current nursing, 2013).

When nurses are assessing a patient they should also conduct their self assessment that looks at how the nurse is affected by their background particularly when it comes to attending to patients that have a culturally diverse background. The nurses should be bale to diagnose problems that might come up involving the healthcare environment and the cultural background of the patients.

Additionally the nurse’s plan should include some aspects of the cultural background of a patient when necessary. The nurse should also have a self-evaluation to determine their attitudes towards giving care to patients from different cultural backgrounds (Nursing Theory, 2013).

In the healthcare field today nurses are required to be extremely sensitive when it comes to their patient’s cultural background when formulating a nursing plan. This is important since people’s culture is an integral part of who they are from an individual perspective it sis culture therefore that has a great impact to their health.as as result of Madeleine Leininger Transcultural nursing theory nurses can take a look at the impact that the cultural background of a patient has on their health and use this knowledge to come up with a nursing plan that will enable quick recovery of a [patient at the same time paying attention to their cultural background.

References

Nursing Theory. (2013). Madeleine Leininger – Nursing Theorist. Retrieved May 25, 2013 from http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Madeline-Leininger.phpCurrent nursing. (2013).Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved May 25, 2013 from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/transcultural_nursing.html

Madrid And Its Sights

Madrid And Its Sights Madrid is the capita city of Spain with a population of roughly 3.3 million. Madrid is the third largest city in Europe that is after London and Berlin. Its location is on the Manzanares River that is on the centre of the country and community of Madrid that encompasses the city of Madrid, its conurbation as well as its extended suburbs and villages. The community is bordered by Castile and Leon and castile-La Mancha which are autonomous communities.

Madrid is a city with wonderful places, buildings and monuments that are breath taking among this are; Prado museum which is the world’s biggest art gallery with over 7,600 paintings but only exhibits one part of this paintings due to lack of space however a recent addition was made to the museum saw an increase of the space by 50% which now allows more paintings to be displayed. Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza is a museum that permanently has Thyssen collection which is one of the biggest in Europe. The highlight at this museum is a collection of impressionist as well as post-impressionist works. Palacio Real in Madrid is also known as Palacio de Oriente whose location is the centre of Madrid which is used for ceremonial purposes by kings. Plaza Mayor is among Spain’s most beautiful plaza and the most important places for visitors who go to Madrid it has a very uniform architecture and that is why the place is very beautiful. El Retiro Park is found in the centre of Madrid and it very big and it was declared a garden of Historic-Artistic Importance, the park has a large artificial lake that is used for sailing and rowing by those who go to visit the park. Fountain of Apollo found in the middle of Pase del Prado is not well known since it is hidden, Apollo was a god of art and medicine and this sculpture shows him holding a lyre on his left hand as well as having a cloak around him. This fountain has allegorical figure decorations of four seasons also has three shells as decorations. The church of Santa Barbara is also known as Salesas Reales and is located at Calle de Barbara de Braganza and is among the beautiful churches in Madrid .the Royal Palace of El Pardo is just about 14Kms from Madrid and is quite easy to get to. Its setting is in a wooded area known as El Monte de El Pardo an area that has trees and is also a hunting reserve (TripAdvisor LLC, 2013).

Apart from sights there are also some things to do that visitors can do when in Madrid this include taking an open-topped bus tour around Madrid as well as they see sights and monuments that enable one to choose which one they will visit later; taking a ride on Madrid’s cable car which gives visitors a wonderful panomaroic view of the best sights and attractions; watching bullfights that are staged in Madrid ;watching real Madrid play which is one of the best football teams in the world; watching Flamenco since Madrid stages some of the best flamenco dances in the world; walking in the park as one enjoys open spaces, rose-garden, boating lake as well as street theater at the Retiro park. This are just a few attraction sights in Madrid however there are many more museums, churches and parks that are still found in Madrid and one should ensure that they visit whenever they make a trip in Madrid (TripAdvisor LLC ,2013).

Madrid is also home for the Hispania’s who over the past few decades have raised tremendously. Hispanic denotes a relationship to Spain or to ancient Hispania that is comprised of the Lberian peninsula which includes modern states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra. Today the Hispania’s are linked with having historical as well as cultural relationship with Spain and Portugal or basically Spain alone. The term Hispanic is is broadly used when referring to people, cultures well as nations that have a historical link with Spain. The Hispanic people are a vibrant people who also love fun as well as like to socialize. They are deeply involved in family culture and tradition. The Hispanic culture is made up of a set of traditions, customs, beliefs as well as art forms including music, dress, architecture, cuisine, literature and others which are shared by Hispanics (Rank, 2012).the Hispanic culture include family bonding; Hispanic families have a culture of living together in closely knit groups which not only contains grandfathers and grandchildren but also includes all the descendants and generations that are alive. In the families the father is as the chief of the family whereas the mother is just a housewife. Adults and people who are working in the family value work and so they help other family members when need arises. During vacations there are travelling family members to relatives’ places and homes which acts as a strengthening factor to the family ties. All acquaintances and relatives are given a lot of respect and care.

When it comes to their mannerisms the Hispanics are quite formal with firm handshakes being a practice that is common among them. When it comes to close acquaintances, family members as well as friends light kisses on the cheek as well as hugs are greetings that are common. Incase the Hispania’s are addressing people in an informal manner they are loud, fast and they greatly use body language so that they can effectively convey their points. Religion is a very significant factor and plays a big role in the day to day life of the Hispanics. Over 90% of the population is Roman Catholic. Churches and spiritual activities have a great influence on the activities of the families; families are seen coming together to pray and attend sermons. Every community has a saint’s day that is celebrated with a lot of vigor and enthusiasm (Buzzle.com, 2013)

In reference to their dietary habits the Hispanics have a three day meal system. In general lunches and dinners are eaten with all family members present. Anyone who is not home when lunch is taken is supposed to return from where they are so that they can they can have lunch with all the other family members for instance students are expected to return from school and working individuals return from work.teh Hispanic foods have different characteristics but the most distinctive feature is that they are spicy an example of this dishes are Tortillas which are flat bread that are made of flour, Cevinche which is a dish of raw fish that is laminated in lime juice and in chopped salad and poc Chic which is pork fillet that is cooked with tomatoes, onions and a lot of spices (Kidzworld ,2013).

There are various festivals that are associated with the Hispanics; they often celebrate the international festivals with a lot of pomp. The most commonly celebrated festivals include Christmas Eve, New Year’s Day and the three king’s day local festivals are referred to as las fiestas while national holidays are referred to as fiesta nacional and many of the festivals are often declared by the government. Among the holidays that the Hispanics celebrate are Cinco de Mayo which is a day of celebration of Mexicans victory over French; Puerto Rican Emancipation day is celebration of when slaves were set free.

The vibrant culture is also made up dance and music, the Hispanics love getting together, dancing as well as celebrating. Among the traditions and culture of the Hispanics during the festivals include A Pinata is a container that is filled with candy and toys that is suspended in air that will be broken by children who are blindfolded and they form part of Christmas celebrations.

There are various Hispanic arts that include basket weaving, Earthenware which include terra cotta and sculpture. In general it can be concluded that the Hispanic culture is a very rich one.

References

TripAdvisor LLC. (2013). Madrid: Best Sights of Madrid. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187514-c108077/Madrid:Spain:Best.Sights.Of.Madrid.htmlBuzzle.com. (2013). Hispanic Culture Facts. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/hispanic-culture-facts.htmlKidzworld. (2013). Hispanic Culture and Heritage .retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.kidzworld.com/article/5032-hispanic-culture-and-heritageRank, J. (2012). Countries and their cultures. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi

The world considers Mahatma Gandhi as one of the most inspirational people who ever lived. Gandhi was the key leader in the Indian Independence Movement, which was instrumental in helping India achieve independence. Gandhi is famous for using the civil disobedience in achieving peace and unity. Mahatma trained as a barrister in London and worked in an Indian law firm in South Africa. His experiences in South Africa triggered the consciousness that shaped his revolutionary endeavors. Gandhi tirelessly fought for the proper treatment of Indians in South Africa thereby relocating to India. Mahatma Gandhi is a great person because his personal life demonstrated his attachment with his ideals.

Gandhi’s recipe for leadership entailed inspiring individuals. This form of leadership surpassed his central pursuit for peace, truth, and self-reliance. Gandhi aimed at gaining people’s trust. For instance, he interacted with the Sikh, Hindus, and Moslems thereby understanding their plight. Gandhi’s principles were for the betterment of humanity rather than merely fighting for the welfare of Indians. Gandhi denounced a life of material possessions and fame. Instead, he adopted a simple country life that entailed wearing simple clothes and being a vegetarian. Gandhi also reinstated that the human soul is a pure entity (Dalton, 2012). In this perspective, individuals realized that they could improve their morality and enhance their spirituality by learning the intricacies of the human soul. Mahatma Gandhi usually empowered the less privileged members of the society such as peasant farmers in fighting for their rights.

Gandhi’s life experiences in South Africa attested to the difficulties of becoming a revolutionary. Gandhi might have led a materially prospective life of a being a barrister in South Africa had he not chosen to fight for the right of Indians in South Africa. Gandhi faced the horrid experiences of discrimination, as he could not access certain places such as hotels. Gandhi encouraged Indians to take control of their situation by fighting for their entitlements. He indentified opportunities, which Indians could exploit in freeing themselves.

Gandhi’s attachment to the intellectual life propelled his leadership endeavors. Gandhi believed that an individual is a product of one’s thoughts. In this sense, his revolutionary activities based on educating individuals about understanding the human soul and working towards freedom. Mahatma was an inexhaustible writer who penned his thoughts in various publications. For instance, in South Africa, he educated the Indian community through a newspaper, which was known as Indian Opinion (Lelyveld, 2012). Gandhi wrote numerous publications on health, religion, vegetarianism, and social reforms. The Indian leader professed that Leo Tolstoy and William Thoreau were great influences on his intellectual attitudes. He also drew inspiration from Hinduism, Christianity, and Jainism.

Gandhi became famous because his personal life was a testimony to his ideals. Gandhi became influential through leading a simple life thereby interacting with the common people. Gandhi denounced a life of material fortunes and fame for a vegetarian lifestyle that entailed living in the countryside. In this sense, the less privileged individuals realized they could change their fate by being proactive towards their rights. Gandhi’s life experiences in South Africa shaped him in becoming a great leader. In South Africa, he learned the power of peaceful negotiations and self-reliance as means of achieving freedom. Gandhi’s attachment to an intellectual life was instrumental in influencing the thoughts of other people. He attained his intellectual influences from writers, such as Tolstoy, and religion.

References

Dalton, D. (2012). Mahatma Gandhi: nonviolent power in action. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Lelyveld, J. (2012). Great soul: Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India. New York, NY: Vintage Books.