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Toulmin Argument Gun Control

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Toulmin Argument: Gun Control

Introduction

Gun control has been an issues that has always raised various kinds of feelings and thoughts among different people in the United States. It has actually been an issue that has played a key impact in political campaigns. The issue on gun control has always been quite a complex one because every single group that is for or against the control tend to have valid reasons on why they have certain stands. The first incident in the United States that may have actually sparked the discussion of gun control was the assassination of John F Kennedy. Prior to 1968, adults in America had so much access to guns from stores as well as the mail catalogues and this raised concern that gun regulation were needed. The 1968 Gun Control Act was the first major act which regulated interstate transfer of firearms except for licensed dealers. Since then, there have been laws and acts that have been introduced and while some gunner support others have been shunned.

In 1994, a major law was passed and this was seen as a win on gun control. The Public Safety and Recreational Firearm Use Act passed a ban on use of military style weapons as well as magazines that accommodated more than 10 rounds. The Democrats pushed for this reforms and although they got the backing from the Republicans it was on the basis that the act would expire after 10 years. After 2004, the ban expired and civilians were back to accessing military style weapon. America has recorded the highest number of gun related violence in the world and it is sad that young adults including school going children have been victims of these violence. There are various states that have taken the matter upon their hands and created gun control laws including banning of the assault weapons while certain states are reluctant to do this. This paper explores various statistic related with gun-related violence and the various measures that have been taken in trying to deal with the issue. With the increase in the number of gun related violence and mass shooting then legislation and discussion on gun control need to happen

Background /Warrants

According to a survey conducted in 2018 by Pew Research Center, approximately 45% of Americans own guns. This is almost half of the population a clear indication gun possession in America is something valuable. Most Americans who own guns have always used the constitution to back gun ownership as the Second Amendment of the constitution states that everyone has a right to bear arms. However, with the number of deaths that have occurred in the United States the discussion on gun control needs to happen. In 2017, gun related deaths from homicide cases was at 73%. Since 1982, there has been more than 110 mass shootings. Although mass shooting accounts for just a tiny proposition of gun related deaths, it is these shootings that have caused a lot of discussion on gun ownership and need first strict laws (Jehan, pg. 11). This may be because children in school have been affected by mass shootings as random strangers have had access to school and then opened fire to school going children like the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting.

Statistics on states that have strict gun laws have proved he importance of gun legislation in helping in gun control thus reducing mass shooting and any gun related deaths or maiming. The top eight most states that have restrictive laws include Hawaii, New Jersey, Connecticut, Illinois, New York, Maryland, Massachusetts and California. These states have greatly reduced the number of gun related incidents that have taken place. States with more permissive rates have been highly ranked on the number of shootings that have occurred and they include Vermont, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas, Ohio and Arizona. Texas recently experienced a terror attack and no changes in the laws were made. What came as a shock to many actually was the fact that Texas allowed people to carry guns to church after the Senate Bill 535 was approved (Samantha, pg. 109). Although they indicate it’s only for licensed gun owners, this seems to be so much permissibility when it comes to gun laws and restriction to a country that has been wrecked by constant shootings and attacks. The states that have permissible gun laws are making it hard for states that have regulated gun control to have an easy time. An example is the killing of the three people that occurred in Gilroy, California. The gun man travelled from Gilroy all the way to Nevada to buy military-style rifle as he could not do so in his home state. This shows that if Nevada had strict gun laws then this man may not have acquired the said weapon and thus not in a position to carry out the attack.

Explore Warrants

There have been factors that may have contributed to the high number of gun ownership. Guns have often been readily available in the U.S. Although people claim that background checks can be done to determine mental illnesses or people with prior convictions do not get guns, these group of individuals have been able to access guns. These loops have largely contributed to the increased number of gun related deaths in the United States. There have been children who have also been able to fake their ID’s changing their age and thus being able to acquire guns while the set age of acquiring certain weapons has been set to be at 18 and 21. Another example of a loophole is failure by the law enforcement agency to include all individuals with prior conviction. Often military personnel are not usually included in the database for example the case of Devin Kelley who worked in the U.S force had acres to a gun and shot people in a church in Texas. The Air Force had failed to report Kelley and other members who had been charged with serious offences (Morall, pg. 56-123).

Legislation such as running mental health checks background and banning of semi-automatic and automatic rifles are recommendations that have been stated and most presidential candidates are using these as their campaign strategy on gun control. Adam Lanza who was the perpetrator of the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting was a disturbed child who had been diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome and Obsessive-compulsive disorder, yet he walked into a gun shop and was sold for a gun. If a proper background had been done, he would not be in possession of a gun. Most gun shootings have always been carried out using these assault weapons which in a couple of minutes may take down so many people. Banning of these weapons will be a great way of curbing violence and ensuring that the general public do not have access to military grade weapons. States that have strict gun control laws have seen a decrease in gun related violence (Connors, pg. 49). There also needs to be better policies that will ensure that people who have histories of mental illnesses or people who have been convicted including those who have served in the military do not get access to the guns. The law enforcement agencies need to be answerable incase a person who should have been reported to the data base is not reported and hence gets access to a gun. The only way these loopholes can be sealed is through legislation that is why it is important for the government to be in support of gun control measures that are being proposed.

Factual Backing

Although gun control measures are likely to help reduce number of gun related deaths, there is a high likelihood that purchase of guns from the black market will increase. When the Obama administration came up with the discussion that they would consider gun control measures, there was an influx on the number of gun sales and gun dealers experienced stock outs (Jones, pg. 167-174). The citizens were trying to send a clear message that they would not support any un control measures. This goes to show that most gun consumers love gun ownership and if measures or restrictions are introduced then they are likely to turn to the black market. This however can be dealt with by making sure the law enforcement officers become vigilant and apprehend all those who will be found selling or dealing with weapons illegally. Citizens who will also be found with weapons acquired illegally such as the black market will also be charged with illegal possession of firearm. Although an influx of gun sales market may be experienced with gun control measures, the right legislation will curb this.

It is also of great concern that the country lacks law on assault or rather military-style weapon. In 1994, there was a Federal Assault Weapon Ban that was passed by the congress restricting the sale of military style and high capacity magazine. Military style weapons ae weapons that can kill a high number of victims in just a span of seconds. Such weapons should have no place or rather should not be carried by civilians but belong to the war zones and in military camps. The ban was passed but had an expiration after 10 years unless renewed by congress thus the ban ended in 2004 and was never renewed. Most were hopeful that the conversation would come up again after the Sandy Hook Elementary Shooting. This conversation did come up but no extreme measures were taken only suggestion of how strict gun laws should be there (Luca, pg. 96). It is however important to point out that there are states that have restriction on military-style weapons but no such laws exist at the federal level.

Counter-argument

Guns may serve as an important weapon in countering the attacker thus subduing them before they cause more deaths. Often many have argued that guns are useful when it comes to protection. President Trump himself has stated several times after gun shooting that if someone else had a gun then they would help in subduing a shooter. This is true, states that allow people to walk with guns and less gun control measures have less crime rate. This is because a perpetrator will often be afraid of attacking someone with the fear that they may be in possession of a gun for self-defense (Lott, pg. 123). Although this is true, I believe that the shooting does not have to happen in the first place. No one should leave in fear of being shot thus feeling the need to carry the gun for self-defense. It is important to ensure that the guns are not available in the first place. When there are no guns and people who have no business having guns are denied the access then there will be no need to have guns for self-protection thus this argument will be invalid.

Gun control is likely to increase sale of guns in the black market. Gun consumers have repeatedly portrayed their love for guns over and over again and made it clear they would not let anyone take that away from them. This was evident when guns were bought that gun shops experienced stock outs. If guns are banned or control, then there is the likelihood that people may decide to use the black market as the source of their guns. Guns found in the black market are often quite cheap as one may even acquire a handgun for less than $100. Most people who are pro-gun ownership have pointed out that gun control laws and banning of weapons may result in people seeking other ways that they could acquire guns and this includes using the black market (Manier). I however think this argument is fictional. Dangerous people over the years have been able to access guns and mostly it is because of the weak laws that are in place. Before we make the judgement on acquisition of guns from the lack market, how about first we pass the laws then get the statistics if this is true. Acquiring of guns from the black market can be regulated through legislation and vigilance from law enforcers who would apprehend individuals found buying or possessing a gun acquired from the black market.

Conclusion

Gun control is an important step in trying to ensure gun related violence in the United States decrease. There has been an increase in number of shootings in the U.S and often most of the perpetrators are people who should not have been allowed to have guns in the first place. The large availability of guns including assault weapons has made it easier for deranged individuals to carry out attacks. It is important that we have the conversation on ways that we can regulate and reduce the number of guns that are available in the market. This may be a step by step transition, for example, legislators may first begin by trying to ban the assault rifles as well as the high capacity magazines. Such laws will ensure that weapons that are more likely to cause havoc in just a couple of minutes are not easily available to the market for purchase by the attackers. States too need to be vigilant on the laws they create on gun control. States that have strong gun control laws have experienced a decline in number of gun related violence and thus other states should also follow suit. Loss of life due to laws that can be altered is unacceptable.

Works Cited

Jehan, Faisal, et al. “The burden of firearm violence in the United States: stricter laws result in safer states.” Journal of injury and violence research 10.1 (2018): 11.

Jones, Michael A., and George W. Stone. “The US gun-control paradox: Gun buyer response to congressional gun-control initiatives.” Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 13.4 (2015): 167-174.

Lott, John R. More guns, less crime: Understanding crime and gun control laws. University of Chicago Press, 2013.

Luca, Michael, Deepak Malhotra, and Christopher Palanquin. The impact of mass shootings on gun policy. No. w26187. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019.

Manier, Lauren. “Does Gun Control Really Work?” National Center for Health Research, 12 Apr. 2018, http://www.center4research.org/does-gun-control-really-work/.

Morrall, Andrew. “The science of gun policy: a critical synthesis of research evidence on the effects of gun policies in the United States.” Rand health quarterly 8.1 (2018).

Santhanam, Laura. “Most Americans Support These 4 Types of Gun Legislation, Poll Says.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 10 Sept. 2019, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/most-americans-support-stricter-gun-laws-new-poll-says.

Spitzer, Robert J. Politics of gun control. Routledge, 2015.

Consumer purchasing pattern-Steam.com

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Consumer purchasing pattern-Steam.com

In Consumer purchasing pattern, the relatively young discipline of marketing is related to as psychology, anthropology, economics, sociology, especially when it involves consumer behavior and motivation. One thing that stands out clearly is the convergence of disciplines. HYPERLINK “http://www.store.steampowered.com” Steampowered.com has built lots of its popularity around the gaming products and services. The site attracts a fan base of over 2.5 million registered members all the time. In order to maintain this growth pattern, steampowered must understand their customer-purchasing pattern and behavior.

Effective marketing solution formulated from the customer-purchasing pattern to solve complains presented by the clients. This plan will go along away in taping into the customer behavior and thus delivering the desired results within HYPERLINK “http://www.store.steampowered.com.The” steampowered.com.

Launching a new website, product or service

The relaunch of a new website from www.steam.com To HYPERLINK “http://www.store.steampowered” www.store.steampowered.com will win the target audience. This will also increase the vvvisibility of the company in this crowded market place. In this age of digital marketing, Launching a website was long overdue. Digital presence is extremely beneficial for an upwardly mobile company considering the promises of the web. Sales volume can increase two fold with properly defined and executed digital marketing practices. For example, the company website is extremely instrumental in the success of the company because, the company sales increased by 7% after the company launched its website. This was the first step towards positive ROI. The company has also launched a number of products based on the performance of the other products in the market. Steampowered has also had an opportunity to analyze the real-time performance of its products in the market thanks to digital marketing and the marketing analytics.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

WHEN THE Company employed a number of SEOs, the company never realized how much they were to gain from it. The company website must optimized for search engine, and the number of results given is 71,100,000 within 0.07 seconds. The steam powered home page comes at the top. This means that the company website can be accessed easily with any search engines

Build awareness and reinforce attributes

With the new website in place, the next step is to continue with awareness building efforts while reinforcing the features, qualities and benefits of the products. This can be achieved by organizing promotional quiz to educate the clients and get instant feedback on the questions answered.

Drive traffic

Driving of traffic to steampowered.com is done by engaging the target audience and luring them to the site through sweepstakes and promotional daily prizes to maintain the traffic. The company has a number of online marketing strategies. While increasing traffic to the company’s website the rough advertisements is one way, the company also uses back links in its website so that when one views a proxy website; they are moved to the company website automatically. In this way once people get to the company’s websites, they get to view all the offers that the company has in store.

Reinforcement of brand loyalty

A client will consider coming back to the steampowered site when they reward program is in place. A reward does not necessarily mean free products and services; it can be in the form of a unique product, which later translates brand loyalty. The company has uses a number of loyalty schemes to maintain their customer base. This is a way of recognizing the contribution of the customers to the company and what they mean to the company as a whole. The company realizes the importance of both loyalty schemes and corporate social responsibility, which are the surest ways of giving back to the community.

Brand extension

Employing an excellent brand extension is a key strategy in marketing, which uses a successful, existing and a popular product brand on several products. The company has a wide range of products of which some are industry leading. For example, mortal kombat is the industry leading action game worldwide and is offered by the company as a demo version.

Generate effective ideas for an effective advertisement

Good promotions will entice and encourage customers to tell their experiences and story, in turn help steam.com, to tell their story to prospective customers. The company has employed various effective marketing strategies since its initiation. This has gone a long way in ensuring that the company has always had a steady stream of cash flows. The company has an asset of pillars that it depends on for its marketing planning and execution, marketing excellence and corporate social responsibility. These are strategies have been instrumental in the success of the company marketing strategies.

Increase membership

Increasing the number of active members is fundamental to the growth of the site and drives home the desired result. By using promotional tactics, which focus on consumer behaviors, and delivering quality benefits, words will spread around between friends about the membership program, in turn fuelling the increase in the number of members joining the site membership program. The company has increased its membership portfolio for both online gamers and buyers of contents. This has ensured that the company has a stable income going by their financials. However, it is imperative to note that the company has always been doing its research and development to deliver the latest contents. They have both mc and windows installable software and games; they have games for all genres, classes and ages. The most exciting thing about the steampowered .com is the fact that the company has a pre-purchase demonstration offer that games can purchase at particularly attractive discounts. In this way, the buyers can decide whether to buy the whole version after testing. Some of the main demonstration offers available at discounts includes; jagged alliance, orchards, satazius, trizine 2 demo etc.

Initiate trial/create interest

In the process of a product launch, the main objective is always awareness. Apart from building product awareness, the next overriding objective is to create interest in the product and initiate trial. Giving people an opportunity to try the products freely or at half the price, if found to be desirable; members will come back for more.

The sampling program coupled with smart rebates can easily enhance the conversion on of a consumer sampling a product into a sale. Collect demographic information and get permission to use them for future marketing. The company also applies marketing tactics to get permission from the target audience to market to the sites products to them, now and in the near future. In developing a hook, like a premium offer or loyalty program, which will compel the target audience to take notice and participate in the games. This tactic is only the overlay in this campaign. The main role of marketing is convince consumers by helping them to recognize a known brand.

Contemporary International Politics. Reagans Doctrine

Contemporary International Politics: Reagan’s Doctrine

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Introduction

The period after World War II saw many presidents of the United States develop a number of policies that were aimed at deterring the effects of the Cold war in various nations. Also referred to as ‘Doctrines’, these policies were specifically aimed at assisting these presidents in combating some of the challenges that came as a result of the cold war. More specifically, they were aimed at reducing the impact of the soviet union’s activities to the United states, as well as, the rest of the world. One such doctrine is the Reagan doctrine, which was established by Ronald Reagan and his administration, and was aimed at contesting the involvement of the Soviet Union in global governance. More specifically, Reagan’s doctrine was aimed at diminishing the influence of the Soviet Union in Latin America, Asia, and Africa (Busch, 2001). This doctrine served to do away with the socialist and communist form of governance in these states, and allow them to develop their own forms of governance such as democracy and capitalism.

This paper examines Ronald Reagan’s doctrine illustrating the situation that motivated U.S diplomatic efforts during his time in office. The paper also explicates the Diplomatic efforts that were carried out in relation to this doctrine, as well as, their effects on the U.S and other countries. Conclusively, the paper will provide the advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine.

Reagan’s Doctrine

After the World War II, the global economy demanded particular attention from the countries that were considered as ‘super powers’. This is because the Soviet Union had gained control over most states, which was slowly taking a toll on the global community. Because the cold war in Europe was on the increase, there was an eminent danger of war between Soviet Union and the United States, and this required immediate response. These two super powers were in conflict because of the Soviet Union’s approach of governance. Primarily, Reagan opposed to communism, which was the government in the Soviet Union (Busch, 2001). With the raise in concern over the start of another war, all superpowers began building up their military defenses and upgrading their weapons. This situation needed diplomatic interaction from the United States to stop what was potentially a disastrous war (Gottfried, 2003). During Reagan’s two-term tenure as president of the United States, his administration developed a doctrine whose aim was to maintain international peace through U.S diplomatic involvement. As mentioned before, this doctrine was aimed at diminishing the effects of the Soviet Union’s interference with the running of other nations and states.

Motivation for U.S Diplomatic Efforts

After the Second World War, the Soviet Union had less superior weapons than those possessed by the American army. With the intense atmosphere and the rift between the United States and Soviet Union, the Soviet Union acquired more weapons for defense, as well as, assurance of power. Gradually, the Soviet Union started feeling the pinch of the increase in the cost of the weapons purchased and the army built up. The Soviet Union also suffered from its unplanned manufacturing and agricultural production, thus driving the country into poverty. Additionally, decreased investments in oil from the United States put a strain on the state’s economy, and the Soviet Union suffered immensely (Edwards, 2005). To lower its oil prices, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to increase the oil output thus improve the economy. The invasion of Afghanistan prompted international assistance to enable the country to fight off the Soviet Union. Accordingly, the United States provided equipment to the rebels in Afghanistan to fight off the soviet invasion. The United States government was not directly involved in the war, thus avoiding conflict with Soviet Union.

U.S Diplomatic Efforts

Reagan’s doctrine was to raid the globe from communism, which would ensure global economic growth. Reagan’s administrative policies were characterized as insurgent supportive policies that favored the anti-communist rebels in the country. The policies facilitated uprisings in the Soviet Union, as well as, the countries that were under attack from the Soviet Union. Essentially, communism was the target of this doctrine. Reagan was focused on reducing the spread of communism by ensuring that Free states were protected from the communist regime that characterized the Soviet Union (Busch, 2001). With the weapon possessed by the country, Reagan’s approach to curb communism in the Soviet Union enabled nations to reach agreements that would peacefully end the cold war. The key discussion that Reagan proposed was the disarmament of the nuclear weapons that the countries had manufactured to prevent destruction of human life and civilization. The doctrine also required the Soviet Union to free the countries it had invaded (Cowley, 2006). Diplomatic efforts by the United States saved the globe from the eminent danger of another world war.

Effects of Reagan’s Doctrine

Reagan’s doctrine had both positive and negative effects on the U.S and other countries. In relation to the positive effects, the cold war ended with the two super powers being at peace with each other. This means that, the doctrine prevented the breaking out of another war from the first two world wars (Busch, 2001). The war that could have emanated from the crash between the US and Soviet Union could have been catastrophic. In addition to this, the doctrine also facilitated global economic growth. As researchers argue, communism affected economic growth, as it did not facilitate global competition. Therefore, most predicted that a global expansion of communism would affect rapid economies, which would, in turn, encourage more wars (Busch, 2001). The diplomatic efforts by the United States also earned the state more allies who were also opposed to communism. These allies were oil producing countries, and trade between the nations enabled the United States to improve its economy. On the negative side, Reagan’s doctrine resulted in the collapse of the Soviet Union and the unification of Germany (Gottfried, 2003). The collapse affected the economy in the nations that made up the Soviet Union, which resulted in a shift of power. Because Reagan’s doctrine caused the collapse of the Soviet Union, a number of soviet nationals lost their jobs, hence increasing unemployment and poverty in the state. However, the most heart-felt effect of Reagan’s Doctrine was the ending of the Cold War that had haunted various nations at the time.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantages and disadvantages of Reagan’s doctrine are drawn from the effects of the doctrine on the U.S and other countries. Researchers have identified two main advantages of the Reagan doctrine including ending the cold war and increasing allies for the United States, which in turn improved trade for the nation (Busch, 2001). The only disadvantage identified with relation to Reagan’s doctrine involves stopping the Soviet Union’s expansion campaign, which affected the economy of the Soviet Union (Busch, 2001).

References

Cowley, R. (2006). The Cold War: A military history. New York: Random House Trade

Paperbacks.

Edwards, L. (2005). The essential Ronald Reagan: A profile in courage, justice, and wisdom.

Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Busch, A. E. (2001). Ronald Reagan and the politics of freedom. Lanham [u.a.: Rowman &

Littlefield.

Walker, M. (1995). The cold war: A history. New York, NY: Holt.

Gottfried, T., & Reim, M. (2003). The Cold War. Brookfield, Conn: Twenty-First Century

Books.

Contemporary Issue

Contemporary Issue

We more and more have to compete in a global market. As organizations

Plan and execute plans there are many decision considerations, such as:

* Some countries have favorable tax laws for their businesses and have tariffs on imports.

Because these are developing nation and they want the citizens of their country to move the country to a better economy. As more the favorable tax laws more the people and business would going to flourish.

* Labor costs are usually cheaper overseas and some U.S. firms “offshore” their work.

Because the value of currency of US dollar is higher to other counterparts. So cheap labor would be available in other countries that is it offshore their work.

*America has a diverse population and should maximize resources needs by

Utilizing that workforce; yet some identifiable groups are underutilized.

America needs to remove prevailing racism and give equal work opportunity to all.

* Many organizations consider diversifying their product lines in order to

Balance business cycles and to offset changes in supply and demand.

Yes, this method will benefit to short the cash cycle and help in gaining a foothold in the market.

* Effective management techniques are sometimes elusive and ongoing training

And development efforts are made to develop human resources.

Benefit which an organization is reaping while multiplying with coaching standards. It is the top most priority of the manager to use approach to talk to his subordinates in a positive way which will create a positive impact among employees. This mentoring program benefits organization and clients also. Thus, it is ensured as a learning and development phase made to improve performance with various skills, tools and techniques.

* Some organizations peruse research findings while others feel such reports

Found in journals and professional magazines are not relevant because their

Organization is “different.”

As the organization differs research method also differs but the conclusion receive from this organizations is almost similar.

* Some organizations are unionized and feel this causes a competitive

Disadvantage while others see this as a positive because you can deal with a

Formal cohesive group.

Unionism at workplace creates a rift between employees and the management. Labor union issue arise so management need to think the issues which promotes the team work in the organization. If there any communication and representation of any concern occurred with management the mindset of labor and the critical urgency of the needs to be speculated so that matter can be resolved between both the parties with mutual understanding and good listening skills.

* Motivation of the workforce to excellence and taking more responsibility is

Always a goal but is often not achieved by companies.

Motivation is done according to act of volunteering. Volunteering for any social cause or any event is a drive from person instinct character which drives an individual to perform the act of serving but would perceive it as an act.

* Technology and systems can facilitate productivity but is costly and

Sometimes the workforce resists change.

Yes, it is agreeable technology and change in process can’t be used side by side and with this expensive technologies worker need to get trained to resist and use new technology.

* Total quality management is a process that can lead to ever improving

Results while emphasizing employee empowerment, customer satisfaction, and

Proactive financial reports.

Quality Management is the integration of all departments under certain performance standards. Skilled designers and switchers can enhance the production process by developing new products and new processes for the production of existing products as well. But providing quality products in a cost effective manner that also at an affordable price, needs to be given importance.

* The charter of management remains to accomplish the mission of the

Organization while optimizing the return on investment.

American management faces numerous known and sometimes not yet known

Challenges. Proper direction can come from relevant and effective research.

Going through the strategies followed by the big corporate industry houses it can be well understood that the proper functioning of an organization it has to be aware and practice all the internal and external environments appropriately.

Contemporary Marketing Assignment

Contemporary Marketing Assignment

(Author’s name)

(Institutional Affiliation)

Introduction

Building a strong brand has been indicated to provide several financial rewards to companies, and has become a top priority for most firms. Building a strong brand with considerable equity is seen as providing a company with numerous possibilities to benefit a company including increased customer loyalty and decreased vulnerability to actions of competitive marketing and crises in marketing (Aaker, 2004). In addition to this, strong brands are also crucial in profit making through increased margins, in addition, to more favourable response from customers to increases and decreases in price, greater intermediary or trade cooperation and support, and more effectiveness in communication and brand extension and licensing opportunities. With such keen interest in building a strong brand, two issues usually come up. One has to do with the components of a strong brand and the other has to do with ways of developing a strong brand (Farris et al., 2010).

While customer loyalty is mainly described by what individuals do, brand loyalty usually is defined by the feelings and impressions of individuals (Dawes, 2009). A number of global brands can boast the kind of loyalty and passion shown by generations of certain companies like Disney. Disney Company is going to be the basis of this paper on which examples will be drawn on how the company has come up with strategies to build a strong brand that leads to increasing customer retention and loyalty. For more than eighty years, the company has experienced and maintained a lasting and comfortable position in the market. There are numerous reasons as to why the company has managed to be as so, but one of the main reasons is because of the creation of a strong brand (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011).

This document will scrutinize various ways through which Disney Company has built a strong brand, which has helped the company retain millions of customers and their loyalty thus increasing profits. The paper will cite specific examples of how the company has managed to do this.

There are different ways through which Disney is able to keep its customers happy and loyal. One of the ways through which the company has accomplished this is through the creation of a brand promise. The company has been able to narrow down its promise of brand to a single action, which is using heart to entertain (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011). Studies suggest that loyalty includes some level of pre- dispositional commitment in a brand. Loyalty to a brand is seen as a construct that is multidimensional. Such loyalty is dependent on a number of distinct psychological processes and it involves a number of measurements, the perceived value of customers, trust in brands, satisfaction of customers and commitment are all thought to be key influencing entities of loyalty to a brand (Fournier, 2007). As it follows, the strategy of Disney to use heart or feelings in entertaining the customers fulfils all these requirements and ensures that the company maintains the loyalty of its customers.

Another way the company builds its brand and retains customers is by controlling its brand. By being true to its brand in numerous ventures is what differentiates the company from other brands in the market. For instance, the company owns ABC, which broadcasts numerous programs. For instance, ABC broadcasts a show Called Pan Am that is based on the lives of individuals in the 1960s. One thing that one notices is that the show does not include scenes of smoking even though they were increasingly common during this time. This shows that the company wishes to stick to its promise of broadcasting shows that are family friendly (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011). According to a number of studies, commitment to behaviour of repeated purchase are considered as necessary elements for creating brand loyalty and customer loyalty, followed by satisfaction, perceived value and brand trust. Several scholars claim that enhancing customer loyalty has the potential to increase profitability dramatically (Torres-Moraga et al., 2008). It seems that Disney is well aware f this fact because it knows who its customers are, that is, families. By coming up with products targeted to this customer segment helps it form a trustful relationship with its customers (Jones et al., 2004).

Another strategy for creating brand loyalty is studying and getting to know one’s customers, Disney conducts extensive studies to study and learn about its customers. The company knows that its main customers and audiences are the children, and, as it follows, it comes up with designs that suit these customers. For example, numerous windows to the gist shops are low so that these young customers are able to see what is on sale. The company also knows the seasons that its customers prefer to visit, therefore, it is able to get ready for specific audiences and customers (JZMcBride and Associates, 2011). Getting to know ones customers well is one way of knowing and coming up with ways to please and satisfy their needs. By carrying out surveys like those that Disney does, companies are able to know beforehand what to expect, what to provide for customers and the number of customers to expect. Being ready for customers means happy customers, and, thus, more profits (Punniyamoorthy & Raj, 2007).

Despite the fact that Disney has managed to come up with numerous ways through which it can retain its customers, the company has left some areas unexploited. For instance, the company does not challenge its customers to be more loyal or to increase their loyalty. This is to say that the company does not provide its customers with more opportunities to show how loyal they can be to the company. This can be achieved by availing to them more products, advertising them, asking for their feedback on the products and services, and so forth. The company has also not established strong relationships with its customers; the company endangers its brand loyalty by not giving its customers what they wish for. In addition to this, Disney does not ensure availability of certain products as a given and it does not put its brand where its customers want them when experiencing relevant specific needs (Shankar, Smith & Rangaswamy, 2009).

Conclusion and Recommendation

As numerous consumer goods, segments and markets mature the essentiality of customer loyalty and retention has become a greater concern especially as the number of new consumers available becomes scarce. Deep brand loyalty is the ideal objective of marketers, putting in mind the association between increased profitability and loyal customers (Trasorras, Weinstein & Abratt, 2009). As it follows, Disney should consider putting more effort in retaining more customers that are new by doing several things. Such actions should include giving in to customers and providing for them what they need, challenging its customers further to provide more loyalty to its products and services. Furthermore, the company can increase its brand loyalty and retain more customers by ensuring the availability of certain products as a given, in addition to, putting or placing its brand where its customers want them when experiencing certain, relevant needs. These are some actions that can increase the brand loyalty of Disney, including a number of commitments by customers to repurchase or continue purchasing and using the Disney brand. This is usually demonstrated by repeated purchasing of a service or commodity, or other behaviour like advocacy through word of mouth.

For the company to ensure that its customers remain loyal to its products and services, it has to establish strong relationships with its customers and improve on the existing ones. Disney can achieve this through various methods. Disney, for instance, does not have an established platform for dealing with complaints of its customers. Disney can on exploit this fact to improve relations with its customers by building a platform whereby customers can post their complaints and that shows what the company is doing about it. An example is building a website where customers can post their complaints and interact with management on ways to solve their complaints and concerns (Tasorras, Weinstain & Abaratt, 2009). The company should dedicate considerable efforts to this website to show that it is committed to the concerns and needs of its customers.

The company has excellent ways of informing customers of existing and new products as well as excellent platforms for placing orders and tracking orders. To improve its relationships with its customers, Disney has to make sure that these elements remain effective and efficient so that customers are served fast and as required. This way they will be willing to come back for more and remain loyal to their customers. Despite these excellently conducted activities, the company needs to improve its methods of receiving feedback from its customers (Tasorras, Weinstain & Abaratt, 2009). Just like handling complaints, Disney does not have an efficient platform to receive feedback. It has to establish one to sustain positive relationships with its customers.

References

Aaker, A. (2004). Strategic Market Management. New York: John Wiley.

Dawes, J. (2009). The Effect of increases in Service Price on Retention of Customer: The Moderating Role of Relationship Breadth and Customer Tenure”. J. of Serv. Res., 11.

Farris, W. et al. (2010). Marketing Metrics: The Definitive Guide to Measuring Marketing Performance.  New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Fourier, S. (2008). Delivering on the Relationship in customer relations management. MSI/Duke CRMC. Durham, NC.

Jones, A. et al. (2004). Why Consumers Stay: Measuring the Underlying Scope of Managing Their Differential Strategic Outcomes Services and Switching Costs. Journal of Business Research, 55, 441-50.

JZMcBride and Associates. (2011). Disney approach to brand loyalty. The Spin within. Retrieved from http://www.jzmcbride.com/blog/2011/08/disneys-approach-to-brand-loyalty/

Punniyamoorthy, M. & Raj, P. (2007). An experiential model for brand loyalty quantity. J. of Measurement, Targeting and Analysis for Marketing, 15 (4): 222-233.

Shankar, A., Smith, K. & Rangaswamy, A. (2009). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in online and offline environments. Working paper. Penn State University.

Torres-Moraga, E. et al. (2008). Customer satisfaction and loyalty: start with the product, culminate with the brand. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25: 302–313.

Tasorras, M., Weinstain, A. & Abaratt, R. (2009). Value, loyalty, satisfaction and retention in professional services. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 27: 615-632.

Contemporary philosophical thinking

Contemporary philosophical thinking is the way of thinking in such a philosophical manner, so the way of thinking could be enhances and we could get some integrated ideas behind the happening of the things and the matter. Since the metaphysical influences are also related with the thinking phenomenon of our mind and the way of activity we are influenced with. The diversity of global and diversified culture on the other hand also has a great influence over the philosophical thinking as the culture plays an important role to figure out our thought process. The surrounding, where we live and what we see and what we practice as on daily basis it all part of our cultures. So, obviously it will make an important effect on the contemporary philosophical thinking.

Example: The way we grow the way we think, if we have been grown in a peaceful culture, we will think in the peaceful manner and vice versa. Like, we can see the example of any great philosopher like Aristotle. He influenced so much with the environment around him. He discovered a lot of new philosophies after analyzing the culture and environment of his surroundings. So, we can see that the cultural aspect make a great effect on the contemporary philosophical thinking.

Constant Capital, Variable Capital, and Surplus Value

Constant Capital, Variable Capital, and Surplus Value

Professor

Institution

Name

Course

Date

Constant Capital, Variable Capital, and Surplus Value

Introduction

Constant capital is the total cost of a production process at a given time that does not change, referred to as the fixed costs of production. This could cover the costs of machinery, setting up the plant, equipments, new technology, computers, fixed assets like furniture, etc. These costs do not change whether production has taken place or not. On the other hand, variable capital is the costs that change with the level of production. This could include cost of raw materials, electricity, fuel, employee wages, etc. Surplus value can be defined as the new value created by workers in excess of their own labour cost or simply referred to as gross profit. This surplus value is the basis of capital accumulation. Thus, capital accumulation is the gathering or amassing of objects of value that increases wealth through concentration. Capital accumulation is the creation of wealth or financial asset which is later invested for the purpose of making more money. Human capital is another form of capital where one can invest to improve his or her abilities through education.

Capitalism from an economic viewpoint is the economic activity that is structured around capital accumulation. Factors of production are those variables that enable inputs to be put in place with the ultimate result of finished goods or services. Therefore, input determines the quantity of output. In economics, factors of production are the inputs into the general production of other useful products, they include, land, capital, labour and the entrepreneur organizing the factors together. Stocks like land and labour and capital goods are referred to as primary factors of production because they facilitate production, but neither becomes part of the product, e.g., Raw materials or become significantly transformed by the production process such as fuel or electricity. Other factors of production include include natural recourses, human capital (Stock of knowledge), state of technology, entrepreneurship, etc.

Role of Constant Capital on Capital Accumulation

Combining certain materials, tools, machines, and labour produces goods and services that people wish to purchase since they consider these goods and services essential. Some economist refers this attribute of commodities as use value, i.e., The production process of combining these different factors of production to make something useful. Therefore, labour power, tools, and machinery are all indispensable factors that can not be made. The problem is how can these factors of production be most efficiently combined by using the fewest input factors. Efficiency is using all the available factors of production to produce the highest possible output. Sometimes the level of unemployment prevails to contain workers’ demand for higher wages, fewer working hours, and better working conditions. Labour power is also wasted workers who are able and willing to work cannot find jobs. This implies that unemployment is foregone production, and cannot be referred to as efficiency. Labour power can be used in a way that it harms the health of workers who will need medical services. This can be averted if higher standards of occupational safety and health are put in place.

Efficiency can be defined economically as the costs a company must incur without considering the side effects the effects the business might have on the environment, health of workers, and the society. The neglect of social costs in mainstream economics leads to aspects of the process of production that will go beyond the minimum input. All companies are concern with profit maximization; therefore, costs must be as low as possible. Economists define profit as the difference between between company revenue and the cost of buying materials, machines, hiring workers, etc. Is labour the ultimate source of a company’s profits? To answer this question, a basic distinction must be made between the working class and the capitalists.

Alot of the money goes to speculating in land, financial assets, and commodities, but these speculations do not produce items of value. So they do not generate profit. It just involves moving existing values amounts from one pocket to another. It is important to note that, money is used to purchase a means of production and hiring employees who produces sellable goods and services can create value. Only when the original value of capital is smaller than the value of the commodities produced, and then revenue a company receives by selling these commodities can be termed as profit. Therefore, the difference between the revenue and the original capital is called the surplus value. Thus, the profit accumulation process begins when with money spent on markets, i.e., labour power and other means of production, and ends with money earned when a firm sells these commodities, i.e., goods and services. A company pays for the means of production and labour power according to the exchange value of these factors. Labour power is quite crucial as the value of raw materials is determined by the time and labour required to extract and process them.

Capitalists force workers to work more hours, and considering the principle of equal exchange, the worker is paid according to the value of his or her labour power (Wage Goods). If they work for more time than are needed to make those wage goods, additional wealth, surplus value is produced.

Rosefielde, (2001), argue that the production of surplus value is the principle reason to hire workers. A company realizes this wealth when it sells all the goods and services that are made within a given time. This labour that produces a value that is higher than the money invested originally, and that portion of the outlay is termed as variable capital. It should be noted that only constant and variable capital represents the cost of buying the means of production. Hiring labour power and the surplus value represents the additional value. Companies use this surplus value to pay dividends for shareholders, interest to creditors, rent to land owners, and salaries to managers, who are the capitalists’ class. The capitalists’ class lives off the surplus value that is produced by the working class. What the capitalist’ class do with the surplus value is up to them, as they own the means of production and the labour power, as well as the commodities produced by their companies. They can hire more managers, live in luxury, invest in additional means of production and labour power, and keeps the process of capital accumulation going. The only factors that can limit this process of capital accumulation and disposal by the capitalists’ are competition from other capitalists’ enterprises and certain technologies.

Neoclassical economic theories analyses inequality, underemployment, poverty, and wages as objectively, yet they are wrong. Inequality manifests differences in productivity. It is imperative to note that minimum wages, and union negotiated wages cause job losses. Welfare and social welfare programs drive people out of the labour force. People are poor and underemployed because they are unproductive. Poor nations will become rich if they accept the neoliberal programs such as free markets, deregulation, privatization, foreign investments, and free trade.

Capitalists’ economies are expansionary in nature, and the rule of the market will always follow. Capitalists will put everything everywhere for sale so long as it brings in profits, and commoditisation of everything, everywhere is as natural, inevitable and good. Neoclassical economics made people believe that it is the system that maintains capitalism. Capitalist economies are engines of economic growth, even the industrial revolution occurred among the capitalist, not in feudalists. Capitalism paved way for technological innovations and rapidly rising output. Growth is uneven among nations, with most of the growth concentrated in few rich capitalist countries. The output produced in capitalist economies could be harmful to human beings and the natural world.

According to Keen,(2004), Compared to other economic systems, capitalism can deliver lots of goods and services. What makes the growth of output possible in capitalists’ societies is the difference between radical economics and neoclassical economics, i.e., the profits of the capitalists. Only if, they make profits will they produce output; and will they invest these profits in new means of production and cause the economy to grow. They begin with some money and end up with a larger sum. Profits are made possible by the exploitation of wage workers, therefore, capitalism can be described as a system whose motto is the accumulation of capital. This ceaseless drive by individual capitalists to make money and achieve growth, (accumulation of capital) is predicated upon the extraction of a surplus from the labour of the workers (Rosefielde, 2001).

Accumulation of Capital

To become a capitalist, it is important to have enough money as it is the main stay of such organizations or systems. Capitalist enterprises cannot be started without money; money is the starting point of capitalist production. This capital money is the one that is used to organise the production of output, i.e., the money capital must undergo a series of transformation with the ultimate aim of converting the original sum into a large sum of money. When they still have capital, the means of production are acquired to facilitate efficiency in production. These inputs are called commodity, capital which includes all nonhuman means of production: factors such as land, buildings, equipment, machinery, and raw materials (constant capital). Others will be used to purchase human means of production, i.e., labour power, which is purchased like any other commodity (variable capital). Once the required amounts of variable and constant capitals are bought, under the control of the capitalist, it is used to produce the desired output. The output is considered as commodities of sale which are returned into the market for selling. If the money obtained from the sale is successful, profits are made accumulation of wealth (Karl, 1997).

Conclusion

Businesses must use a large part of the profits to begin another process of capital accumulation. Capitalists must not only make profits but must see that their capital grows. This is not based on greed, but the kind of competition they are facing. If capitalists do not invest profits in expanded production, and their rivals do. They will not be able to compete effectively in the long run. They may not acquire the best equipment, develop a research facility, enlarge their advertisement budgets, or get bank loans at favourable terms. Failure to do so might lead to disastrous consequences such as closure or bankruptcy, and all amenities such as prestige, high incomes, and political power. Competition forces each capitalist to make profits grow, i.e., accumulate capital.

References

Keen s. (2004). Debunking Economics; The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences, 2004, p. 294

Karl M., (1997)”Constant capital and variable capital”, in Capital Vol. 1, Chapter 8

Rosefielde, S., (2001), Premature Deaths: Russia’s Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective. Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 53, No. 8 (Dec., 2001), pp. 1159-1176 : Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Consulting Company

Name

Course Name

Case Study 2

Date

Instructor’s Name

Consulting Company

Early Riser Consultants is a company that offers organizational behavior consulting practice. The organization specializes in cross-cultural group as well as team dynamics and problems. As organizations are going global, there is need to successfully manage cross-cultural teams. The company is in need of an organizational behavior practitioner who will be responsible for identifying, documenting, analyzing and assessing behavioral problems and issues and recommending intervention strategies, tools and methods for successfully restructuring the company, enhancing team effectiveness and performance and hence organizational performance. Bon Vivant Specialties on the other hand is a company in need of an OB specialist who will offer the services offered by Early Riser Consultants. As the manager of Early Riser Consultants, I am the best candidate that Chinn needs to be hired by Chinn.

Knowledge, Skills and Abilities

Some of the knowledge, skills and abilities that I possess include the following:

Self-competency

I have applied the knowledge, skills and abilities for assessing my own weaknesses and strengths, setting and pursuing personal and professional goals and balancing personal life and work.

Communication competency

I have applied knowledge, skills and abilities that can enable me to use electronic, written, nonverbal, verbal and listening modes of communication to transmit understand and receive feelings, thoughts and ideas. This greatly facilitated the communication in the company that I was working for (Nelson & Quick, 2012).

Diversity competency

I have applied the knowledge, skills and abilities for valuing unique organizational, group and individual characteristics and embracing such qualities as potential roots of strength and appreciating the uniqueness of each.

Across cultures competency

I have applied knowledge, skills and abilities for recognizing and embracing differences and similarities among cultures and nations and approaching key issues with a curious and open mind. This enabled cultural diversity where different cultures came together and worked without any consideration of the existing differences (Schermerhorn, 2012).

Team competency

I have applied the knowledge, skills and abilities for developing, supporting and leading groups to achieve their goals. The teams in the organizations that hired me became very effective and productive and the organization achieved its performance goals.

Change Competency

I have applied the knowledge, skills and abilities for recognizing and implementing new transformations or needed adaptations in the technologies, structures, strategies, tasks and people. This brought a lot of positive change in the company that hired me (Nelson & Quick, 2012).

Problems associated with cross cultural team

1). Misunderstandings: This result from inadequate information or communication problems in the organization. Different cultures have different beliefs and tastes. If these cultures are not well managed, the differences can bring a lot of misunderstanding as the company is going global and embracing diverse cultures (Nelson & Quick, 1996).

2). Parochial self-interests: this arises when individuals in the organization are more concerned with the personal implications.

3). Disagreement over the necessity for change: This arises from no justification for change from some of the board, and the possibility of an outcrop in the disagreement between the advantages and the disadvantages of the proposed change (Schermerhorn, 2012).

4). Low tolerance for the proposed change: this might result from the difference in the assessment of the solution or the perception of sense of insecurity among the employees in the organization.

5). Possible organizational changes to change: existing power structures, resistance presented by the work groups, failures from the previously tried change initiatives, and the already existing power structures in the organization (Nelson & Quick, 2012).

Recommendation

1). Relationship management: This action will be helpful because it aids in the development of relationship contracts and networks that are necessary for the achievement of the set goals in the team

2). Change leadership: Change leadership will enable an effective communication of the team’s initiatives in an approach that aids in the inspiration of adaptive action.

3). Team facilitation: Team facilitation generally aids in the utilization of group processes skills in the inspiration of better working relationship among team members who are diversified in order to achieve the goals of the team (Nelson & Quick, 1996).

4). Empowerment: The inclusion of empowerment in the effective leadership will enhance the ability of sharing information, delegation of meaningful responsibility, participitative soliciting of the ideas, and enabling employees to feel motivated and capable of assuming greater responsibilities (Schermerhorn, 2012).

5). Flexibility: This enhances the ability to change procedures and processes whenever they are necessary in the organization.

6). Interpersonal Understanding: This enables the ability to value and understand the inputs of the diverse individuals in the organization.

7). Entrepreneurial Innovation: This enables the championing of new production processes, services, and products in the organization.

8). Strategic Thinking: this enables the ability to study and understanding the changes in the conditions in the markets, the trends, opportunities, and the identification of optimal conditions.

References:

Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (2012). Organizational behavior: Science, the real world, and you. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.

Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Organizational behavior. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (1996). Organizational behavior: The essentials. Minneapolis, MN: West Publ.

Consulting Project

Consulting Project

Name

Institution

Year

Part 1

Employee selection is a very complex process that seeks to identify talents, abilities, and skills that the job seeker brings to the organization. One of the main merits used when look for an employee is the skill level that can be measured from different angles. The employee section at the organization takes many forms and guided by how and where the value of talent or productivity lies. One of the prime avenues to make value in an organization is to always derive and get the best skills or talents that can help drive the agenda or objectives forward. In line with this, the progressive growth and goal accomplishment relies on the talents that an organza ion relies on in the delivery of tasks. Right from the managerial task to minor tasks, skill searching is done with a key focus on the best persons to deliver the tasks. Being a legal profession, employee selection is first done on the basis of the persons who are eligible in legal matters.

The selection is thus done on the line of value addition that has to be derived from the most inclusive values and talents. To select the employees, key strengths like cognitive ability, personality, interests, values, physical abilities are utilized. One of the most important of this is the cognitive and personality values that are key in this profession. The other key aspects in the selectin is the person’s interest and ascribed values that have to be tied to what and how they value the profession. Area of interest is vital when looking at the key elements of performance that a person needs to deliver the given tasks. The other major parameter used in the employee selectin is the values and level of profession. An individual seeking to work in the organization is required to have attained the minimum professional or academic merits. The other aspect would be the level of experience for those who have worked in other organization. The minimum requirement in terms of years of experience is three years. These requirements are key when determining those who qualify and can deliver to their best.

To improve the organization’s employee selection methods, I would propose for a review of the merits that are applied in every job rank. In particular, I would recommend for a more skill-based selection approach than the level of experience. This would ensure that the selected persons have what it takes to run the tasks given. The other change would be to focus on one’s interest and passion that would help recognize those who have the right spirt to do the job. I believe that passion and interest are key to defining one’s love for the job that would help measure how best they will freely deliver on the given tasks. In addition, the best avenue to attaining the right results and performance is to have the most qualified persons. This brings the need for in-depth analysis ad review of what the employee can do even without close supervision. There is therefore a need to employ persons based on their level of skill and passion or interest in the profession.

Part 2

Question 4

Job training is a key aspect of value addition that ensures good performance. The performance is centered on a valid and integral aspect of improving skill level of the workforce. The key to ensuring that the workers have the right skills is by adding value to what they already pose (Rawat et al., 2016). The training and value addition are thus a key component of the performance improvement. Training at the organization has been the pillar to good performance and efficiency. Over the years, training has been done with an objective to build talents and to enhance efficiency that is the root to good performance. To ensure that training is effective and directed to its intended areas, job evaluation and performance is done at a regular pattern. The areas of weakness are noted and more efforts directed to putting the right efforts and building the right avenues to skill enhancement. One of the key values of a strong training model is to have the talent identification process through which skills can be directed and enhanced. This makes training at the organization effective on the aspects of creating an outlet for stable and productive workforce. The other approach to training is having a goal directed factor that seeks to ensure that every employee performs within his or her area of expertise. This makes training easy because the value addition process is directed towards the intended area. Another way to look at training at the organization is its inclusivity to all areas of performance and departments. The key here is to build a strong work development module that is centered around talents and productivity of the workers. One of the guiding principles in the way the training is done has always been the performance rate or effectiveness ratio. The input-output approach has proven an effective value when creating the right talents and improving the worker performance.

The training programs were in particular effective as they were the basis to the creatin of the right skill enhancement. The skill improvement under the training programs was mainly directed to creating the right outlet for ideas and helping improve on work delivery

(Bryson et al., 2017). The training also helped create the link between the output and efficiency where the performance was measured through the task delivery and ease of carrying out the various roles. In most cases, the value for an inclusive module and the derived skill improvement as stated in the training modules weas greatly encouraged. The training was thus a vital channel to add value to the talents at the work place as well as improving how the tasks were delivered. In particular, the training helped model the workers to positive thinning and productivity that was greatly needed in the delivery of the tasks. One of the key areas that the training helped was in diverting the energy and talents to one point or the right channels to enhance productivity as well as in improving the task delivery. The training programs were beneficial when looking at the inclusive learning and skill improvement platform they provided. In particular, the training helped create the right value for key skills where people could not understand and generate the right efforts to learning.

To improve the training skills and the approach to performance enhancement, I would propose some key changes in regard to the program structure. First, the training should be hinged on ensuring that the workers understand the tasks they should handle. The second approach is to ensure that there is adequate information sharing that will help link the workers and thus improve ideas are passed on easily (Nielsen et al., 2017). The other major step would be to create the right avenue that would be vital in enhancing the effectiveness of the raining. The training should also be geared towards enhancing the areas of weakness that should be directed to the most urgent needs.

To improve on this job, I would propose for an inclusive review of the key performance evaluation. Performance has to be hinged on the real and inclusive modules that are directed to the right areas. One of the ways to boost performance is to look at how and where the workers are failing to deliver. The performance enhancement methods should also be inclusive and have the full capacity in improving the key areas (Bryson et al., 2017). One of the best ways towards this is to look at what and how the performance can be laid down and directed towards the right areas. Still, there is need to have the best task delivery modules as noted above that have to align and pinpoint to what is needed in the current modules. Another area of concern is the inclusive and diverse mechanisms that can be applied when looking at both the input-output element of task delivery that should be directed to making sure that there is efficiency and productivity. In order to boost the value of the task delivered, there should be regular assessment that can and must align with the laid down objectives.

Part 3

Question 1

SMEs operate under a very tight and competitive niche in the field of business or corporate sector. The key to good performance is always about the motivation and the boost to work that comes with various values tied to results (Nielsen et al., 2017). The employees as the key factor in an SME have a key role to play but must also be motivated to work. One of the main ways to motivate the employees is to reward them for the good results they produce. Additionally, the performance should be measured and rewards given as a way to encourage others to do their best. The idea of having effective reward system should be upheld as it is one of the main ways to boost performance (Gerhart & Fang, 2015). Rewarding employees on performance basis is key to deriving the right productivity in an SME. The other main approach is to create the right work environment that will be conducive to productivity and thus motivate performance.

Conducive working environment goes a long way in motivating the employees to deliver good results. Just like in a reward system, good working environment helps induce good work spirit and thus the workers are able to produce good results. To boost work delivery or motivate workers in this organization, I would propose that the management adopts the right reward systems. This can vary from monetary to non-monetary rewards. For example, the management can create the right performance timeline where results are measured at a given time and rewards given to those who give the best results. The reward system should also be base don improvement basis where those who add value to their previous results get recognized and rewarded. Such measures will also encourage the other employees to work hard in a bid to get recognized and rewarded.

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory best fits the explanation for motivation at work place. The theory states that performance is always an end result of motivation that a worker gets when performing a task. The theory helps explain how people derive good sprit in work with the focus on the reward they will get when the deliver the needed results (Ojo et al., 2018). Abraham Maslow’s theory argues that humans have a series of needs, some of which must be met before they can turn their attention toward others. Certain universal needs are the most pressing, while more “acquired” emotions are of secondary importance. Motivation and Performance. Motivation is the combination of a person’s desire and energy directed at achieving a goal. It is the cause of action. It is the cause of action. Motivation can be intrinsic, such as satisfaction and feelings of achievement; or extrinsic, such as rewards, punishment, and goal attainment. Collective and performance-based rewards can help motivate the employees in task delivery (Gerhart & Fang, 2015). For example, the management at the firm can establish means of rewarding like in cash, paid holidays, or job promotion. These direct and strong reward models have proven to be effective avenues to motivating workers to do better in their respective tasks. Most importantly, the reward should target the low ranks or junior employees who should be encouraged to do better to rise in ranks. The job promotion is always strong way to reward the best performing employees and thus boosting performance.

Question 2

One of the main job stressors is workload that often results from accumulated tasks. The job stressor can be termed as the tedious aspect of the profession mainly in terms of time constraints. The major source of stress in the job is the time pressure where the workers find themselves cornered by time and job overload (Nielsen et al., 2017). The issue hinders effectiveness in task delivery thus putting the works under more pressure. Stressors at work place can vary in terms of intensity and nature. One of the main ways to identify the stressors in the workplace is to look at how and where the employees are complaining on the work lateness or time pressure. These factors can help identify the various stressors that hinder effectiveness at the workplace.

Job stressors also arise from the increased tasks that often lead to pressure in the delivery. In some cases, some workers are forced to work overtime thus adding more pressure to their schedules. The issue is often caused by the lack of effectiveness when dealing with the added tasks as well as the time limit during weekdays. To fight this work stress, the management lays down the work protocol by prioritizing on the most demanding tasks. Task urgency is also a vital aspect when allocating the various duties that have to be done. In line with this, the management has derived the right procedures that can be applied when there is work overload. These aspects of work division and sharing of tasks has helped minimize cases of work overload stress. The other aspect is the maximizing of the available time that has added to the task delivery efficiency. These factors are key when addressing the issue of work stress as well as improving work delivery.

References

Bryson, A., Forth, J., & Stokes, L. (2017). Does employees’ subjective well-being affect workplace performance?. Human relations, 70(8), 1017-1037.

Gerhart, B., & Fang, M. (2015). Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs.

Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101-120.

Ojo, S. O., Bailey, D. P., Chater, A. M., & Hewson, D. J. (2018). The impact of active workstations on workplace productivity and performance: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(3), 417.

Rawat, P. S., & Basergekar, P. (2016). Managing workplace diversity: Performance of minority employees. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 488-501.

Consumer blogs have a great impact on company strategies

Consumer blogs have a great impact on company strategies. Consumer blogs are very important sources of feedback gathering and as such consumer should be asked to blog their views of the product on the internet or on the blogging sites created by the company .Blogs are a good source of feedback for the company and shows the real feel of the market. It can be seen that blogs have become a very important source of information gathering especially for testing the market for the feedback on the product and service. These blogs also help the firm to advertise their products as almost all firms have their own online presentations in the form of blogs an since the internet provides a greater coverage to people who remain connected throughout and consumers rely more on peer group reviews , the blogs from a very potent source of getting information from the public. . Blogs also design very important feedback systems and invoke generic responses to the product. It can also help in designing and changing marketing strategies because many of the bloggers are quite honest in their views.

Blogs create unnecessary rumors about the product. If a consumer has had a bad experience with the firm he may blog the same and then it is viewed by so many people leading to bad reputation. Blogs can also make competitors write misleading statements about the firm. Blogs also make consumers vary about product and services.